EP0433184B1 - Hybrid-medium high voltage circuit breaker - Google Patents

Hybrid-medium high voltage circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433184B1
EP0433184B1 EP90420498A EP90420498A EP0433184B1 EP 0433184 B1 EP0433184 B1 EP 0433184B1 EP 90420498 A EP90420498 A EP 90420498A EP 90420498 A EP90420498 A EP 90420498A EP 0433184 B1 EP0433184 B1 EP 0433184B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
cartridge
contacts
enclosure
arcing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90420498A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0433184A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Roger Bolongeat-Mobleu
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0433184A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433184A1/en
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Publication of EP0433184B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433184B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium-voltage electrical circuit breaker comprising a sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, a pair of main contacts arranged in said enclosure, a vacuum cartridge disposed in said enclosure and containing a pair of aligned arcing contacts. , electrically connected in parallel with said main contacts, the insulating casing of the vacuum cartridge having a cylindrical surface, coaxially surrounding the arcing contacts, a control mechanism for said contacts for opening the arcing contacts after the main contacts and the close before the main contacts.
  • Vacuum ampoules can be mass produced, but their breaking capacity is limited and can only be improved by complicated devices. Cutting in sulfur hexafluoride is simpler but difficult to standardize.
  • vacuum bulbs In medium-voltage gas-insulated and metal-jacketed installations vacuum bulbs have already been placed in the sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, the vacuum bulbs ensuring the interruption of the currents and the sulfur hexafluoride insulation of system components. This known juxtaposition does not take maximum advantage of the two techniques.
  • Another circuit breaker known from GB-A-1,126,362 comprises arcing contacts housed in a vacuum cartridge and main contacts connected in parallel with arcing contacts and arranged in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the main contacts which open after the arcing contacts, are thus protected from the action of arcs and are capable of conducting strong currents.
  • the operation of the vacuum cartridge and its structure are standard.
  • the object of the present invention is to combine the advantages of the two techniques, under vacuum and in sulfur hexafluoride, and this object is achieved by producing a circuit breaker, the characteristics of which are listed in claim 1.
  • the current is cut in the vacuum cartridge and the arcing contacts, housed in this cartridge, ensure their usual role of protecting the main contacts, which open and close without forming an arc.
  • the vacuum cartridge has no other function and its dimensions, in particular its axial length, are reduced to a value ensuring the dielectric strength of the envelope in sulfur hexafluoride, significantly lower than that necessary for a vacuum cartridge arranged in the air.
  • the breaking capacity of the cartridge is increased by generating an axial magnetic field in the arc zone which diffuses the arc and avoids any concentration of energy at a particular point.
  • This axial magnetic field can be produced by a single coil, because the stray fields, due to currents induced in the contacts, are greatly attenuated or even made negligible by the high resistivity of the contacts, made of materials, for example refractory.
  • the use of such materials increases the resistance to the action of the arc and promotes cutting.
  • the combined use of refractory contacts, an axial arc diffusion field, a cartridge housed in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride ensures a high breaking capacity with a small vacuum cartridge simplified and to realize a circuit breaker or a medium voltage installation with main contacts and gas insulation.
  • a single vacuum can cover a range of circuit breakers and a rationalization of manufacturing is therefore possible.
  • the vacuum cartridge has a cylindrical envelope made of ceramic material or glass, closed by two advantageously metallic bottoms.
  • the axial length of the cartridge, defined by the tensions in play and / or the pressure of the sulfur hexafluoride in the enclosure is generally less than 15 cm, length significantly shorter than that of the standard vacuum ampoules.
  • the disc-shaped arcing contacts are made of tungsten, chromium or an alloy of these metals, other refractory materials being usable.
  • the arcing contacts are arranged axially in the cylindrical cartridge and one of the contacts is slidably mounted by being connected to a mechanism ensuring the separation and reclosing of the arcing contacts before that of the main contacts in a well known manner. .
  • the axial field in the cut-off zone is generated by the current flowing through a coil integral with the bottom of the cartridge, disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact.
  • This coil coaxial with the cartridge and of flattened shape can be constituted by a conductor fixed to said bottom or be defined by a spiral groove cut in the mass, in this case in the thickness of the bottom on the internal face of the cartridge.
  • This coil is connected in series with the arcing contacts in the arcing circuit and is shunted in the closed position by the main contacts. The current is switched in the coil, during the separation of the main contacts, and it generates an axial field of diffusion of the arc favoring the breaking.
  • a medium-voltage circuit breaker is housed in a sealed enclosure 10, the metal or insulating wall 12 of which can be that of a gas-insulated installation or station or that of one pole or of the three poles of the circuit breaker.
  • the pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 14,16 of conductors 18 of input and output 20 of the current, which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 22 of connection and inside , respectively by a support 24 of a fixed main contact 26 and by a support 28 of a movable main contact 30, in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 32.
  • the movable main contact 30 In the closed position, the movable main contact 30 is aligned , and in contact with the fixed main contact 26 to close the main circuit, constituted by the input conductor 18, the support 24, the fixed main contacts 26, and mobile 30, the support 28 and the output conductor 20.
  • the supports 24,28 are extended by arms 34,36 extending transversely and framing by their free ends a vacuum cartridge 38.
  • the cylindrical envelope 40 of the cartridge 38 is closed in a leaktight manner at its two ends by metal bottoms 42,44, each mechanically and electrically connected to the free end of the associated arm 34,36.
  • the axis of the cartridge is substantially parallel to the main contacts 26,30 aligned in the closed position and a pair of elongated arcing contacts 46,48 is arranged coaxially in the cartridge 38.
  • the arcing contacts one of which 46 is fixed and integral with the bottom 42, and the other 48 of which is movable, each carries a contact piece 50 in the form of a disc.
  • the movable arcing contact 48 crosses, with the interposition of a sealing bellows, the bottom 44 to which it is electrically connected. It is easy to see that the arms 34, 36, the bottoms 42, 44 and the arcing contacts 46, 48 with their contact parts 50 abutted, form an auxiliary arcing circuit connected in parallel with the main contacts 26.30 .
  • a rotary control shaft 52 passes through the wall 12 and carries at its internal end a crank 54, connected on the one hand by an articulated rod 56 to the main knife 30 and on the other hand by a link 58 and a buttonhole 60 in contact with 'movable arc 48.
  • a buttonhole 60 formed in the rod 58, is slidably mounted a pin 62 carried by the crank 54 so as to constitute a dead-stroke connection urged in extension by a spring 65.
  • the mechanism is arranged to so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 52 clockwise, the movable main contact 30 opens first, the arcing contacts 46.48 remaining closed at first thanks to the dead travel 60.62 ( Figure 2).
  • the current which passed through the main contacts 26.30 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 26.30.
  • Continued rotation of the shaft 52 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the final opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the closing operation controlled by a reverse rotation of the shaft 52, first closes the arcing contacts 46,48, then the main contacts 26,30.
  • the cylindrical casing 40 of the vacuum cartridge 38 is made of ceramic or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical line of flight of the cartridge 38.
  • This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, for ensure sufficient dielectric strength and this length is significantly less than that of a cartridge placed in the air. At medium voltage, this length is less than or close to 15 cm and the reduced size of the vacuum cartridge 38 facilitates its accommodation.
  • the contact parts 50 of the arcing contacts 46, 48 are made of a refractory material, such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals, to increase their resistance to arcing.
  • a refractory material such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals.
  • the high resistivity of these materials is not a problem, since the permanent current is supported by the main contacts 26.30. This high resistivity even constitutes a notable advantage by reducing the currents induced in the contact parts 50.
  • the bottom 42 disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact 46, has on its face 66 internal to the cartridge 38 a deep groove in the form of a spiral groove 68 which does not allow it to remain only a small thickness at the bottom of the groove 68.
  • the groove 68 confines a flat coil 70, the internal coil 72 of which is connected to the arcing contact 46 and the external coil 74 to the arm 34.
  • the current supplied by the arm 34 flows through largely the coil 70, only a small part passing through the bottom 42, and generates an axial magnetic field in the area of the contact parts 50 where the arc is drawn during the separation of these contact parts 50.
  • the field axial ensures diffusion of the arc and thus allows obtaining a high breaking capacity.
  • the stray fields, due to the currents induced in the contact pieces 50, are very attenuated, because the intensity of these induced currents is itself limited by the high resistance of the contact pieces 50 made of refractory material. It is therefore possible to produce a small vacuum cartridge with high breaking capacity by very simple means.
  • the vacuum cartridge 38 can of course include screens (not shown) for protecting the casing 40, that of the side of the fixed arcing contact 46 being advantageously replaced by the external turn 74 of the coil 70.
  • the coil 70 is not necessarily cut in the mass of the bottom 42 and it may be constituted by a spiral conductor fixed by any suitable means to the bottom 42. This embodiment is necessary if the bottoms 42, 44 of the cartridge 38 are insulating.
  • Locating the cutoff and the arc in a separate sealed envelope is particularly advantageous for shielded substations or other gas-insulated installations because any propagation of the arc or pollution of the insulation gas and thus avoided.
  • the parallel arrangement of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the main contacts 26,30, more particularly described, promotes rapid switching of the current, but other arrangements can be used and the architecture of the circuit breaker may be different. It is possible to integrate a grounding device housed in the sealed enclosure 10 and actuated by the control shaft 52 after opening of the circuit breaker.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The circuit-breaker includes main contacts (26, 30) and a vacuum canister (38) in parallel which ensures disconnection, the whole being contained in an enclosure (10) filled with sulphur hexafluoride. The canister is designed for dielectric holding in this gas. The contacts of the canister (38) are of a refractory material and a coil generates an axial magnetic field in the region of the arc. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique moyenne tension comprenant une enceinte étanche remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, une paire de contacts principaux disposés dans ladite enceinte, une cartouche à vide disposée dans ladite enceinte et contenant une paire de contacts d'arc alignés, connectés électriquement en parallèle desdits contacts principaux, l'enveloppe isolante de la cartouche à vide comportant une surface cylindrique, entourant coaxialement les contacts d'arc, un mécanisme de commande desdits contacts pour ouvrir les contacts d'arc après les contacts principaux et les fermer avant les contacts principaux.The invention relates to a medium-voltage electrical circuit breaker comprising a sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, a pair of main contacts arranged in said enclosure, a vacuum cartridge disposed in said enclosure and containing a pair of aligned arcing contacts. , electrically connected in parallel with said main contacts, the insulating casing of the vacuum cartridge having a cylindrical surface, coaxially surrounding the arcing contacts, a control mechanism for said contacts for opening the arcing contacts after the main contacts and the close before the main contacts.

Deux techniques de coupure de courants moyenne tension sont utilisées couramment, la coupure sous vide (par exemple d'après le document EP-A-0 204 262) et la coupure dans l'hexafluorure de soufre, chacune de ces techniques ayant des avantages et des inconvénients. Les ampoules à vide peuvent être fabriquées en grande série mais leur pouvoir de coupure est limité et ne peut être amélioré que par des artifices compliqués. La coupure dans l'hexafluorure de soufre est plus simple mais difficile à standardiser. Dans les installations moyenne tension à isolation gazeuse et à enveloppe métallique on a déjà disposé des ampoules à vide dans l'enceinte étanche remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, les ampoules à vide assurant l'interruption des courants et l'hexafluorure de soufre l'isolation des composants de l'installation. Cette juxtaposition connue ne tire pas le profit maximal des deux techniques.Two medium voltage current cutting techniques are commonly used, vacuum cutting (for example according to document EP-A-0 204 262) and cutting in sulfur hexafluoride, each of these techniques having advantages and disadvantages. Vacuum ampoules can be mass produced, but their breaking capacity is limited and can only be improved by complicated devices. Cutting in sulfur hexafluoride is simpler but difficult to standardize. In medium-voltage gas-insulated and metal-jacketed installations vacuum bulbs have already been placed in the sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, the vacuum bulbs ensuring the interruption of the currents and the sulfur hexafluoride insulation of system components. This known juxtaposition does not take maximum advantage of the two techniques.

Un autre disjoncteur connu d'après le document GB-A-1,126,362 comporte des contacts d'arc logés dans une cartouche à vide et des contacts principaux connectés en parallèle des contacts d'arc et disposés dans une enceinte remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre. Les contacts principaux, qui s'ouvrent après les contacts d'arc, sont ainsi protégés de l'action des arcs et sont capables de conduire de forts courants. Le fonctionnement de la cartouche à vide et sa structure sont standard.Another circuit breaker known from GB-A-1,126,362 comprises arcing contacts housed in a vacuum cartridge and main contacts connected in parallel with arcing contacts and arranged in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride. The main contacts, which open after the arcing contacts, are thus protected from the action of arcs and are capable of conducting strong currents. The operation of the vacuum cartridge and its structure are standard.

La présente invention a pour but d'allier les avantages des deux techniques, sous vide et dans l'hexafluorure de soufre et ce but est atteint par la réalisation d'un disjoncteur dont les caractéristiques sont énumérées à la revendication 1.The object of the present invention is to combine the advantages of the two techniques, under vacuum and in sulfur hexafluoride, and this object is achieved by producing a circuit breaker, the characteristics of which are listed in claim 1.

La coupure du courant est réalisée dans la cartouche à vide et les contacts d'arc, logés dans cette cartouche, assurent leur rôle usuel de protection des contacts principaux, qui s'ouvrent et se ferment sans formation d'un arc. La cartouche à vide n'a aucune autre fonction et ses dimensions, notamment sa longueur axiale, sont réduites à une valeur assurant la tenue diélectrique de l'enveloppe dans l'hexafluorure de soufre, notablement plus faible que celle nécessaire pour une cartouche à vide disposée dans l'air. Le pouvoir de coupure de la cartouche est augmenté en engendrant un champ magnétique axial dans la zone d'arc qui diffuse l'arc et évite toute concentration d'énergie en un point particulier. Ce champ magnétique axial peut être produit par une simple bobine, car les champs parasites, dus à des courants induits dans les contacts, sont fortement atténués ou même rendus négligeables par la forte résistivité des contacts, réalisés en matériaux par exemple réfractaires. L'emploi de tels matériaux accroît la résistance à l'action de l'arc et favorise la coupure. L'emploi conjugué de contacts réfractaires, d'un champ axial de diffusion de l'arc, d'une cartouche logée dans une enceinte remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, permet d'assurer un pouvoir de coupure important avec une petite cartouche à vide simplifiée et de réaliser un disjoncteur ou une installation moyenne tension à contacts principaux et à isolation gazeuse. Une même cartouche à vide peut couvrir toute une gamme de disjoncteurs et une rationalisation de la fabrication est donc possible.The current is cut in the vacuum cartridge and the arcing contacts, housed in this cartridge, ensure their usual role of protecting the main contacts, which open and close without forming an arc. The vacuum cartridge has no other function and its dimensions, in particular its axial length, are reduced to a value ensuring the dielectric strength of the envelope in sulfur hexafluoride, significantly lower than that necessary for a vacuum cartridge arranged in the air. The breaking capacity of the cartridge is increased by generating an axial magnetic field in the arc zone which diffuses the arc and avoids any concentration of energy at a particular point. This axial magnetic field can be produced by a single coil, because the stray fields, due to currents induced in the contacts, are greatly attenuated or even made negligible by the high resistivity of the contacts, made of materials, for example refractory. The use of such materials increases the resistance to the action of the arc and promotes cutting. The combined use of refractory contacts, an axial arc diffusion field, a cartridge housed in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, ensures a high breaking capacity with a small vacuum cartridge simplified and to realize a circuit breaker or a medium voltage installation with main contacts and gas insulation. A single vacuum can cover a range of circuit breakers and a rationalization of manufacturing is therefore possible.

La cartouche à vide comporte une enveloppe cylindrique en matière céramique ou en verre, obturée par deux fonds avantageusement métalliques. La longueur axiale de la cartouche, définie par les tensions en jeu et/ou la pression de l'hexafluorure de soufre dans l'enceinte est généralement inférieure à 15 cm, longueur notablement plus faible que celle des ampoules à vide standard.The vacuum cartridge has a cylindrical envelope made of ceramic material or glass, closed by two advantageously metallic bottoms. The axial length of the cartridge, defined by the tensions in play and / or the pressure of the sulfur hexafluoride in the enclosure is generally less than 15 cm, length significantly shorter than that of the standard vacuum ampoules.

Les contacts d'arc en forme de disques sont en tungstène, en chrome ou en un alliage de ces métaux, d'autres matériaux réfractaires étant utilisables. Les contacts d'arc sont disposés axialement dans la cartouche cylindrique et l'un des contacts est monté à coulissement en étant relié à un mécanisme assurant la séparation et la refermeture des contacts d'arc avant celle des contacts principaux d'une manière bien connue.The disc-shaped arcing contacts are made of tungsten, chromium or an alloy of these metals, other refractory materials being usable. The arcing contacts are arranged axially in the cylindrical cartridge and one of the contacts is slidably mounted by being connected to a mechanism ensuring the separation and reclosing of the arcing contacts before that of the main contacts in a well known manner. .

Le champ axial dans la zone de coupure est engendré par le courant parcourant une bobine solidaire du fond de la cartouche, disposé du côté du contact d'arc fixe. Cette bobine coaxiale à la cartouche et de forme aplatie peut être constituée par un conducteur fixé audit fond ou être définie par un sillon spiroïdal taillé dans la masse, en l'occurrence dans l'épaisseur du fond sur la face interne de la cartouche. Cette bobine est connectée en série des contacts d'arc dans le circuit d'arc et elle est shuntée en position fermée par les contacts principaux. Le courant est commuté dans la bobine, lors de la séparation des contacts principaux, et il engendre un champ axial de diffusion de l'arc favorisant la coupure.The axial field in the cut-off zone is generated by the current flowing through a coil integral with the bottom of the cartridge, disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact. This coil coaxial with the cartridge and of flattened shape can be constituted by a conductor fixed to said bottom or be defined by a spiral groove cut in the mass, in this case in the thickness of the bottom on the internal face of the cartridge. This coil is connected in series with the arcing contacts in the arcing circuit and is shunted in the closed position by the main contacts. The current is switched in the coil, during the separation of the main contacts, and it generates an axial field of diffusion of the arc favoring the breaking.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est particulièrement approprié à une installation moyenne tension à isolation gazeuse, les trois pôles pouvant être dans une même enceinte à enveloppe métallique mise à la terre. L'isolation est assurée par l'hexafluorure de soufre à la pression atmosphérique ou comprimé, et ce gaz ne risque pas d'être pollué par l'arc de coupure. La partie coupure est confinée dans la cartouche de petite taille, ce qui simplifie la structure et la conception de toute l'installation. D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, représenté en position fermé;
  • la figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1 montrant le disjoncteur en cours d'ouverture;
  • la figure 3 est une coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 4, montrant à échelle agrandie un détail de la figure 1;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de dessous du fond visible sur la figure 3.
The circuit breaker according to the invention is particularly suitable for a medium voltage installation with gas insulation, the three poles being able to be in the same enclosure with a grounded metal casing. The insulation is provided by sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or compressed, and this gas is not likely to be polluted by the cutting arc. The cut-off part is confined to the small cartridge, which simplifies the structure and design of the entire installation. Other advantages and characteristics will emerge from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention given by way of example and shown in the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown in the closed position;
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 showing the circuit breaker being opened;
  • Figure 3 is a section along line III-III of Figure 4, showing on an enlarged scale a detail of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the bottom visible in FIG. 3.

Sur les figures un disjoncteur moyenne tension est logé dans une enceinte étanche 10, dont la paroi 12 métallique ou isolante peut être celle d'une installation ou poste à isolation gazeuse ou celle d'un pôle ou des trois pôles du disjoncteur. Le pôle représenté à la figure 1 comporte deux traversées étanches 14,16 de conducteurs 18 d'entrée et de sortie 20 du courant, qui se terminent à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 10 par des plages 22 de raccordement et à l'intérieur, respectivement par un support 24 d'un contact principal fixe 26 et par un support 28 d'un contact principal mobile 30, en forme de couteau monté à pivotement sur un axe fixe 32. En position de fermeture le contact principal mobile 30 est aligné, et au contact du contact principal fixe 26 pour fermer le circuit principal, constitué par le conducteur d'entrée 18, le support 24, les contacts principaux fixe 26, et mobile 30, le support 28 et le conducteur de sortie 20. Les supports 24,28 sont prolongés par des bras 34,36 s'étendant transversalement et encadrant par leurs extrémités libres une cartouche à vide 38. L'enveloppe cylindrique 40 de la cartouche 38 est obturée d'une manière étanche à ses deux extrémités par des fonds métalliques 42,44, chacun relié mécaniquement et électriquement à l'extrémité libre du bras associé 34,36. L'axe de la cartouche est sensiblement parallèle aux contacts principaux 26,30 alignés en position de fermeture et une paire de contacts d'arc allongés 46,48 est disposée coaxialement dans la cartouche 38. Les contacts d'arc, dont l'un 46 est fixe et solidaire du fond 42, et dont l'autre 48 est mobile, porte chacun une pièce de contact 50 en forme de disque. Le contact d'arc mobile 48 traverse avec interposition d'un soufflet d'étanchéité le fond 44 auquel il est relié électriquement. Il est facile de voir que les bras 34,36, les fonds 42,44 et les contacts d'arc 46,48 avec leur pièces de contact 50 aboutées, forment un circuit auxiliaire d'arc connecté en parallèle des contacts principaux 26,30.In the figures, a medium-voltage circuit breaker is housed in a sealed enclosure 10, the metal or insulating wall 12 of which can be that of a gas-insulated installation or station or that of one pole or of the three poles of the circuit breaker. The pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 14,16 of conductors 18 of input and output 20 of the current, which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 22 of connection and inside , respectively by a support 24 of a fixed main contact 26 and by a support 28 of a movable main contact 30, in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 32. In the closed position, the movable main contact 30 is aligned , and in contact with the fixed main contact 26 to close the main circuit, constituted by the input conductor 18, the support 24, the fixed main contacts 26, and mobile 30, the support 28 and the output conductor 20. The supports 24,28 are extended by arms 34,36 extending transversely and framing by their free ends a vacuum cartridge 38. The cylindrical envelope 40 of the cartridge 38 is closed in a leaktight manner at its two ends by metal bottoms 42,44, each mechanically and electrically connected to the free end of the associated arm 34,36. The axis of the cartridge is substantially parallel to the main contacts 26,30 aligned in the closed position and a pair of elongated arcing contacts 46,48 is arranged coaxially in the cartridge 38. The arcing contacts, one of which 46 is fixed and integral with the bottom 42, and the other 48 of which is movable, each carries a contact piece 50 in the form of a disc. The movable arcing contact 48 crosses, with the interposition of a sealing bellows, the bottom 44 to which it is electrically connected. It is easy to see that the arms 34, 36, the bottoms 42, 44 and the arcing contacts 46, 48 with their contact parts 50 abutted, form an auxiliary arcing circuit connected in parallel with the main contacts 26.30 .

Un arbre rotatif 52 de commande traverse la paroi 12 et porte à son extrémité interne une manivelle 54, reliée d'une part par une bielle articulée 56 au couteau principal 30 et d'autre part par une biellette 58 et une boutonnière 60 au contact d'arc mobile 48. Dans la boutonnière 60, ménagée dans la biellette 58, est monté à coulissement un tourillon 62 porté par la manivelle 54 de manière à constituer une liaison à course morte sollicitée en extension par un ressort 65. Le mécanisme est agencé de manière qu'au cours d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur, commandée par une rotation de l'arbre 52 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, le contact principal mobile 30 s'ouvre en premier, les contacts d'arc 46,48 restant en un premier temps fermés grâce à la course morte 60,62 (figure 2). Le courant qui passait par les contacts principaux 26,30 est commuté dans le circuit d'arc sans formation d'arc sur les contacts principaux 26,30. Une rotation poursuivi de l'arbre 52 provoque l'ouverture des contacts d'arc 46,48 et l'ouverture définitive du disjoncteur. La manoeuvre de fermeture, commandée par une rotation inverse de l'arbre 52, ferme en premier les contacts d'arc 46,48, puis les contacts principaux 26,30.A rotary control shaft 52 passes through the wall 12 and carries at its internal end a crank 54, connected on the one hand by an articulated rod 56 to the main knife 30 and on the other hand by a link 58 and a buttonhole 60 in contact with 'movable arc 48. In the buttonhole 60, formed in the rod 58, is slidably mounted a pin 62 carried by the crank 54 so as to constitute a dead-stroke connection urged in extension by a spring 65. The mechanism is arranged to so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 52 clockwise, the movable main contact 30 opens first, the arcing contacts 46.48 remaining closed at first thanks to the dead travel 60.62 (Figure 2). The current which passed through the main contacts 26.30 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 26.30. Continued rotation of the shaft 52 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the final opening of the circuit breaker. The closing operation, controlled by a reverse rotation of the shaft 52, first closes the arcing contacts 46,48, then the main contacts 26,30.

L'enveloppe cylindrique 40 de la cartouche à vide 38 est en céramique ou en verre avec une surface externe lisse, dont la longueur axiale définit la ligne de fuite critique de la cartouche 38. Cette longueur axiale est déterminée en fonction de la tension, pour assurer une tenue diélectrique suffisante et cette longueur est notablement inférieure à celle d'une cartouche placée dans l'air. En moyenne tension cette longueur est inférieure ou voisine de 15 cm et l'encombrement réduit de la cartouche à vide 38 facilite son logement.The cylindrical casing 40 of the vacuum cartridge 38 is made of ceramic or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical line of flight of the cartridge 38. This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, for ensure sufficient dielectric strength and this length is significantly less than that of a cartridge placed in the air. At medium voltage, this length is less than or close to 15 cm and the reduced size of the vacuum cartridge 38 facilitates its accommodation.

Les pièces de contact 50 des contacts d'arc 46,48 sont en un matériau réfractaire, tel que la tungstène, le chrome ou des alliages de ces métaux, pour accroître leur tenue à l'arc. La forte résistivité de ces matériaux n' est pas gênante, puisque le courant permanent est pris en charge par les contacts principaux 26,30. Cette forte résistivité contitue même un avantage notable en réduisant les courants induits dans les pièces de contact 50.The contact parts 50 of the arcing contacts 46, 48 are made of a refractory material, such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals, to increase their resistance to arcing. The high resistivity of these materials is not a problem, since the permanent current is supported by the main contacts 26.30. This high resistivity even constitutes a notable advantage by reducing the currents induced in the contact parts 50.

En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 3 et 4 on voit que le fond 42, disposé du côté du contact d'arc fixe 46, présente sur sa face 66 interne à la cartouche 38 une profonde rainure en forme de sillon spiroïdal 68 ne laissant subsister qu'une faible épaisseur au fond du sillon 68. Le sillon 68 confine une bobine plate 70, dont la spire interne 72 est reliée au contact d'arc 46 et la spire externe 74 au bras 34. Le courant amené par le bras 34 parcourt en grande partie la bobine 70, seule une faible part passant par le fond 42, et engendre un champ magnétique axial dans la zone des pièces de contact 50 où est tiré l'arc lors de la séparation de ces pièces de contact 50. Le champ axial assure une diffusion de l'arc et permet ainsi l'obtention d'un pouvoir de coupure élevé. Les champs parasites, dus aux courants induits dans les pièces de contact 50, sont très atténués, car l'intensité de ces courants induits est elle-même limitée par la forte résistance des pièces de contact 50 en matériau réfractaire. On peut donc réaliser une petite cartouche à vide à pouvoir de coupure élevé par des moyens très simples. La cartouche à vide 38 peut bien entendu comporter des écrans (non représentés) de protection de l'enveloppe 40, celui du côté du contact d'arc fixe 46 étant avantageusement remplacé par la spire externe 74 de la bobine 70. La bobine 70 n'est pas obligatoirement taillée dans la masse du fond 42 et elle peut être constituée par un conducteur spiroïdal fixé par tout moyen approprié au fond 42. Ce mode de réalisation s'impose si les fonds 42,44 de la cartouche 38 sont isolants.Referring more particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the bottom 42, disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact 46, has on its face 66 internal to the cartridge 38 a deep groove in the form of a spiral groove 68 which does not allow it to remain only a small thickness at the bottom of the groove 68. The groove 68 confines a flat coil 70, the internal coil 72 of which is connected to the arcing contact 46 and the external coil 74 to the arm 34. The current supplied by the arm 34 flows through largely the coil 70, only a small part passing through the bottom 42, and generates an axial magnetic field in the area of the contact parts 50 where the arc is drawn during the separation of these contact parts 50. The field axial ensures diffusion of the arc and thus allows obtaining a high breaking capacity. The stray fields, due to the currents induced in the contact pieces 50, are very attenuated, because the intensity of these induced currents is itself limited by the high resistance of the contact pieces 50 made of refractory material. It is therefore possible to produce a small vacuum cartridge with high breaking capacity by very simple means. The vacuum cartridge 38 can of course include screens (not shown) for protecting the casing 40, that of the side of the fixed arcing contact 46 being advantageously replaced by the external turn 74 of the coil 70. The coil 70 is not necessarily cut in the mass of the bottom 42 and it may be constituted by a spiral conductor fixed by any suitable means to the bottom 42. This embodiment is necessary if the bottoms 42, 44 of the cartridge 38 are insulating.

Il est avantageux de réaliser une cartouche à vide utilisable pour toute une gamme de disjoncteurs, car le gain en taille et en coût est faible si les caractéristiques de la cartouche sont exactement adaptées à celles du disjoncteur. Le fait de localiser la coupure et l'arc dans une enveloppe étanche séparée est particulièrement intéressant pour les postes blindés ou autres installations à isolation gazeuse car toute propagation de l'arc ou pollution du gaz d'isolation et ainsi évitée. La disposition en parallèle des contacts d'arc 46,48 et des contacts principaux 26,30, plus particulièrement décrite, favorise une commutation rapide du courant, mais d'autres dispositions sont utilisables et l'architecture du disjoncteur peut être différente. n est possible d'intégrer un dispositif de mise à la terre logé dans l'enceinte étanche 10 et actionné par l'arbre de commande 52 après ouverture du disjoncteur.It is advantageous to produce a vacuum cartridge which can be used for a whole range of circuit breakers, since the gain in size and cost is low if the characteristics of the cartridge are exactly adapted to those of the circuit breaker. Locating the cutoff and the arc in a separate sealed envelope is particularly advantageous for shielded substations or other gas-insulated installations because any propagation of the arc or pollution of the insulation gas and thus avoided. The parallel arrangement of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the main contacts 26,30, more particularly described, promotes rapid switching of the current, but other arrangements can be used and the architecture of the circuit breaker may be different. It is possible to integrate a grounding device housed in the sealed enclosure 10 and actuated by the control shaft 52 after opening of the circuit breaker.

Claims (8)

  1. A medium voltage electrical circuit breaker comprising a sealed enclosure (10) filled with sulphur hexafluoride, a pair of main contacts (26, 30) disposed in said enclosure (10), a vacuum cartridge (38) disposed in said enclosure (10) and containing a pair of aligned arcing contacts (46,48), electrically connected in parallel to said main contacts (26,30), the insulating enclosure (40) of the vacuum cartridge (38) comprising a cylindrical surface, coaxially surrounding the arcing contacts (46,48), an operating mechanism (54) of said contacts (26,30; 46,48) to open the arcing contacts (46,48) after the main contacts (26,30) and close them before the main contacts (26,30), characterized in that the axial length of said enclosure (40), defining the creepage distance, corresponds to the dielectric withstand of the enclosure (40) in sulphur hexafluoride, that means (70) producing an axial magnetic field in the formation zone of an arc, drawn inside the cartridge (38) when the arcing contacts (46,48) separate, are associated with said cartridge (38) and that the disk-shaped arcing contacts (46,48) are made of a high resistivity material notably refractory.
  2. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said cylindrical surface of the enclosure (40) is smooth and made of ceramic material or glass, sealed off at both ends by metal base-plates (42,44).
  3. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the refractory material constituting the arcing contacts (46, 48) is a tungsten, chrome or an alloy based on these two metals.
  4. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the length of the cartridge (38) is less than 15 cm.
  5. The electrical circuit breaker according to any one of the above claims, having a movable arcing contact (48) mounted with axial sliding in said cartridge (38) and a stationary arcing contact (46) characterized in that the base-plate (42) of the cartridge (38) located on the stationary contact (46) side is arranged as or bears on its face internal to the cartridge (38) a coil (70) coaxial to the enclosure (40) and electrically connected in series to said arcing contacts (46, 48).
  6. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that the windings of said coil (70) are confined by a spiral groove (68) cut from the thickness of said base-plate (42).
  7. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that the windings of said coil (70) are formed by a spiral conductor fixed to the internal face of said base-plate (42).
  8. The electrical circuit breaker according to one of the above claims, characterized in that said enclosure (10) belongs to a gas-insulated medium voltage installation with a metal wall (12) and houses the three pole-units of the circuit breaker.
EP90420498A 1989-12-11 1990-11-20 Hybrid-medium high voltage circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0433184B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916443A FR2655766B1 (en) 1989-12-11 1989-12-11 MEDIUM VOLTAGE HYBRID CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR8916443 1989-12-11

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EP0433184A1 EP0433184A1 (en) 1991-06-19
EP0433184B1 true EP0433184B1 (en) 1995-02-15

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EP (1) EP0433184B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3043399B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE118643T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2031334C (en)
DE (1) DE69016967T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2071068T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2655766B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2031334C (en) 2000-08-15
DE69016967T2 (en) 1995-09-07
FR2655766A1 (en) 1991-06-14
ATE118643T1 (en) 1995-03-15
DE69016967D1 (en) 1995-03-23
EP0433184A1 (en) 1991-06-19
ES2071068T3 (en) 1995-06-16
CA2031334A1 (en) 1991-06-12
US5155315A (en) 1992-10-13
FR2655766B1 (en) 1993-09-03
JPH03192622A (en) 1991-08-22
JP3043399B2 (en) 2000-05-22

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