EP0433184B1 - Hybrid-Mittelspannungsschalter - Google Patents

Hybrid-Mittelspannungsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433184B1
EP0433184B1 EP90420498A EP90420498A EP0433184B1 EP 0433184 B1 EP0433184 B1 EP 0433184B1 EP 90420498 A EP90420498 A EP 90420498A EP 90420498 A EP90420498 A EP 90420498A EP 0433184 B1 EP0433184 B1 EP 0433184B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
cartridge
contacts
enclosure
arcing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90420498A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0433184A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Roger Bolongeat-Mobleu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0433184A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433184A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0433184B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433184B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium-voltage electrical circuit breaker comprising a sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, a pair of main contacts arranged in said enclosure, a vacuum cartridge disposed in said enclosure and containing a pair of aligned arcing contacts. , electrically connected in parallel with said main contacts, the insulating casing of the vacuum cartridge having a cylindrical surface, coaxially surrounding the arcing contacts, a control mechanism for said contacts for opening the arcing contacts after the main contacts and the close before the main contacts.
  • Vacuum ampoules can be mass produced, but their breaking capacity is limited and can only be improved by complicated devices. Cutting in sulfur hexafluoride is simpler but difficult to standardize.
  • vacuum bulbs In medium-voltage gas-insulated and metal-jacketed installations vacuum bulbs have already been placed in the sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, the vacuum bulbs ensuring the interruption of the currents and the sulfur hexafluoride insulation of system components. This known juxtaposition does not take maximum advantage of the two techniques.
  • Another circuit breaker known from GB-A-1,126,362 comprises arcing contacts housed in a vacuum cartridge and main contacts connected in parallel with arcing contacts and arranged in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the main contacts which open after the arcing contacts, are thus protected from the action of arcs and are capable of conducting strong currents.
  • the operation of the vacuum cartridge and its structure are standard.
  • the object of the present invention is to combine the advantages of the two techniques, under vacuum and in sulfur hexafluoride, and this object is achieved by producing a circuit breaker, the characteristics of which are listed in claim 1.
  • the current is cut in the vacuum cartridge and the arcing contacts, housed in this cartridge, ensure their usual role of protecting the main contacts, which open and close without forming an arc.
  • the vacuum cartridge has no other function and its dimensions, in particular its axial length, are reduced to a value ensuring the dielectric strength of the envelope in sulfur hexafluoride, significantly lower than that necessary for a vacuum cartridge arranged in the air.
  • the breaking capacity of the cartridge is increased by generating an axial magnetic field in the arc zone which diffuses the arc and avoids any concentration of energy at a particular point.
  • This axial magnetic field can be produced by a single coil, because the stray fields, due to currents induced in the contacts, are greatly attenuated or even made negligible by the high resistivity of the contacts, made of materials, for example refractory.
  • the use of such materials increases the resistance to the action of the arc and promotes cutting.
  • the combined use of refractory contacts, an axial arc diffusion field, a cartridge housed in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride ensures a high breaking capacity with a small vacuum cartridge simplified and to realize a circuit breaker or a medium voltage installation with main contacts and gas insulation.
  • a single vacuum can cover a range of circuit breakers and a rationalization of manufacturing is therefore possible.
  • the vacuum cartridge has a cylindrical envelope made of ceramic material or glass, closed by two advantageously metallic bottoms.
  • the axial length of the cartridge, defined by the tensions in play and / or the pressure of the sulfur hexafluoride in the enclosure is generally less than 15 cm, length significantly shorter than that of the standard vacuum ampoules.
  • the disc-shaped arcing contacts are made of tungsten, chromium or an alloy of these metals, other refractory materials being usable.
  • the arcing contacts are arranged axially in the cylindrical cartridge and one of the contacts is slidably mounted by being connected to a mechanism ensuring the separation and reclosing of the arcing contacts before that of the main contacts in a well known manner. .
  • the axial field in the cut-off zone is generated by the current flowing through a coil integral with the bottom of the cartridge, disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact.
  • This coil coaxial with the cartridge and of flattened shape can be constituted by a conductor fixed to said bottom or be defined by a spiral groove cut in the mass, in this case in the thickness of the bottom on the internal face of the cartridge.
  • This coil is connected in series with the arcing contacts in the arcing circuit and is shunted in the closed position by the main contacts. The current is switched in the coil, during the separation of the main contacts, and it generates an axial field of diffusion of the arc favoring the breaking.
  • a medium-voltage circuit breaker is housed in a sealed enclosure 10, the metal or insulating wall 12 of which can be that of a gas-insulated installation or station or that of one pole or of the three poles of the circuit breaker.
  • the pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 14,16 of conductors 18 of input and output 20 of the current, which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 22 of connection and inside , respectively by a support 24 of a fixed main contact 26 and by a support 28 of a movable main contact 30, in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 32.
  • the movable main contact 30 In the closed position, the movable main contact 30 is aligned , and in contact with the fixed main contact 26 to close the main circuit, constituted by the input conductor 18, the support 24, the fixed main contacts 26, and mobile 30, the support 28 and the output conductor 20.
  • the supports 24,28 are extended by arms 34,36 extending transversely and framing by their free ends a vacuum cartridge 38.
  • the cylindrical envelope 40 of the cartridge 38 is closed in a leaktight manner at its two ends by metal bottoms 42,44, each mechanically and electrically connected to the free end of the associated arm 34,36.
  • the axis of the cartridge is substantially parallel to the main contacts 26,30 aligned in the closed position and a pair of elongated arcing contacts 46,48 is arranged coaxially in the cartridge 38.
  • the arcing contacts one of which 46 is fixed and integral with the bottom 42, and the other 48 of which is movable, each carries a contact piece 50 in the form of a disc.
  • the movable arcing contact 48 crosses, with the interposition of a sealing bellows, the bottom 44 to which it is electrically connected. It is easy to see that the arms 34, 36, the bottoms 42, 44 and the arcing contacts 46, 48 with their contact parts 50 abutted, form an auxiliary arcing circuit connected in parallel with the main contacts 26.30 .
  • a rotary control shaft 52 passes through the wall 12 and carries at its internal end a crank 54, connected on the one hand by an articulated rod 56 to the main knife 30 and on the other hand by a link 58 and a buttonhole 60 in contact with 'movable arc 48.
  • a buttonhole 60 formed in the rod 58, is slidably mounted a pin 62 carried by the crank 54 so as to constitute a dead-stroke connection urged in extension by a spring 65.
  • the mechanism is arranged to so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 52 clockwise, the movable main contact 30 opens first, the arcing contacts 46.48 remaining closed at first thanks to the dead travel 60.62 ( Figure 2).
  • the current which passed through the main contacts 26.30 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 26.30.
  • Continued rotation of the shaft 52 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the final opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the closing operation controlled by a reverse rotation of the shaft 52, first closes the arcing contacts 46,48, then the main contacts 26,30.
  • the cylindrical casing 40 of the vacuum cartridge 38 is made of ceramic or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical line of flight of the cartridge 38.
  • This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, for ensure sufficient dielectric strength and this length is significantly less than that of a cartridge placed in the air. At medium voltage, this length is less than or close to 15 cm and the reduced size of the vacuum cartridge 38 facilitates its accommodation.
  • the contact parts 50 of the arcing contacts 46, 48 are made of a refractory material, such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals, to increase their resistance to arcing.
  • a refractory material such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals.
  • the high resistivity of these materials is not a problem, since the permanent current is supported by the main contacts 26.30. This high resistivity even constitutes a notable advantage by reducing the currents induced in the contact parts 50.
  • the bottom 42 disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact 46, has on its face 66 internal to the cartridge 38 a deep groove in the form of a spiral groove 68 which does not allow it to remain only a small thickness at the bottom of the groove 68.
  • the groove 68 confines a flat coil 70, the internal coil 72 of which is connected to the arcing contact 46 and the external coil 74 to the arm 34.
  • the current supplied by the arm 34 flows through largely the coil 70, only a small part passing through the bottom 42, and generates an axial magnetic field in the area of the contact parts 50 where the arc is drawn during the separation of these contact parts 50.
  • the field axial ensures diffusion of the arc and thus allows obtaining a high breaking capacity.
  • the stray fields, due to the currents induced in the contact pieces 50, are very attenuated, because the intensity of these induced currents is itself limited by the high resistance of the contact pieces 50 made of refractory material. It is therefore possible to produce a small vacuum cartridge with high breaking capacity by very simple means.
  • the vacuum cartridge 38 can of course include screens (not shown) for protecting the casing 40, that of the side of the fixed arcing contact 46 being advantageously replaced by the external turn 74 of the coil 70.
  • the coil 70 is not necessarily cut in the mass of the bottom 42 and it may be constituted by a spiral conductor fixed by any suitable means to the bottom 42. This embodiment is necessary if the bottoms 42, 44 of the cartridge 38 are insulating.
  • Locating the cutoff and the arc in a separate sealed envelope is particularly advantageous for shielded substations or other gas-insulated installations because any propagation of the arc or pollution of the insulation gas and thus avoided.
  • the parallel arrangement of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the main contacts 26,30, more particularly described, promotes rapid switching of the current, but other arrangements can be used and the architecture of the circuit breaker may be different. It is possible to integrate a grounding device housed in the sealed enclosure 10 and actuated by the control shaft 52 after opening of the circuit breaker.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Mittelspannungs-Leistungsschalter in einem dichtgekapselten, mit Schwefelhexafluorid gefüllten Gehäuse (10) mit zwei in dem genannten Gehäuse (10) montierten Hauptkontakten (26, 30), einem im genannten Gehäuse (10) angeordneten Vakuumeinsatz (38) mit zwei fluchtend angeordneten, zu den genannten Hauptkontakten (26, 30) parallel geschalteten Lichtbogenkontakten (46, 48), wobei die Isolierstoffhülle (40) des Vakuumeinsatzes (38) eine die Lichtbogenkontakte (46, 48) koaxial umgebende zylindrische Mantelfläche aufweist, sowie einem den genannten Kontakten (26, 30, 46, 48) zugeordneten Schaltmechanismus (54) zur Abschaltung der Lichtbogenkontakte (46, 48) nach den Hauptkontakten (26, 30) und zu ihrer Einschaltung vor den Hauptkontakten (26, 30), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Kriechstrecke darstellende axiale Länge der genannten Hülle (40) der dielektrischen Festigkeit der Hülle (40) in der Schwefelhexafluorid-Umgebung entspricht, daß dem genannten Vakuumeinsatz (38) Mittel (70) zur Erzeugung eines axialen Magnetfeldes in der Abbrennzone eines bei der Trennung der Lichtbogenkontakte (46, 48) im Inneren des Vakuumeinsatzes (38) gezogenen Lichtbogens zugeordnet sind und daß die scheibenförmigen Lichtbogenkontakte (46, 48) aus einem Werkstoff mit hohem spezifischen Widerstand, insbesondere aus einem hitzebeständigen Material bestehen.
  2. Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte zylindrische Mantelfläche (40) glatt ausgeführt ist, aus einem keramischen Werkstoff oder Glas besteht und an ihren beiden Enden durch Metallböden (42, 44) abgeschlossen ist.
  3. Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hitzebeständige Material der Lichtbogenkontakte (46, 48) Wolfram, Chrom oder eine Legierung dieser Metalle ist.
  4. Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des Vakuumeinsatzes (38) weniger als 15 cm beträgt.
  5. Leistungsschalter nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einem im Innern der genannten Vakuumeinsatzes (38) in Axialrichtung gleitend gelagerten beweglichen Lichtbogenkontakt (48) und einem feststehenden Lichtbogenkontakt (46), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der auf der Seite des feststehenden Lichtbogenkontakts (46) angeordnete Boden (42) des Vakuumeinsatzes (38) an seiner im Innern des Vakuumeinsatzes (38) liegenden Seite als Spule (70) ausgebildet ist oder eine solche Spule (70) trägt, die koxial zur Hülle (40) angeordnet und mit den genannten Lichtbogenkontakten (46, 48) elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet ist.
  6. Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windungen der genannten Spule (70) als in die Dickenebene des genannten Bodens (42) eingearbeitete Spiralnut (68) ausgebildet sind.
  7. Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windungen der genannten Spule (70) als an der Innenseite des genannten Bodens (42) befestigter spiralförmiger Leiter ausgebildet sind.
  8. Leistungsschalter nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Hülle (40) zu einer gasisolierten Mittelspannungsanlage mit Metallwand (12) gehört und die drei Leistungsschalterpole umschließt.
EP90420498A 1989-12-11 1990-11-20 Hybrid-Mittelspannungsschalter Expired - Lifetime EP0433184B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916443 1989-12-11
FR8916443A FR2655766B1 (fr) 1989-12-11 1989-12-11 Disjoncteur hybride moyenne tension.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0433184A1 EP0433184A1 (de) 1991-06-19
EP0433184B1 true EP0433184B1 (de) 1995-02-15

Family

ID=9388440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90420498A Expired - Lifetime EP0433184B1 (de) 1989-12-11 1990-11-20 Hybrid-Mittelspannungsschalter

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5155315A (de)
EP (1) EP0433184B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3043399B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE118643T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2031334C (de)
DE (1) DE69016967T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2071068T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2655766B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2071068T3 (es) 1995-06-16
EP0433184A1 (de) 1991-06-19
JP3043399B2 (ja) 2000-05-22
CA2031334C (en) 2000-08-15
US5155315A (en) 1992-10-13
JPH03192622A (ja) 1991-08-22
FR2655766A1 (fr) 1991-06-14
DE69016967D1 (de) 1995-03-23
DE69016967T2 (de) 1995-09-07
FR2655766B1 (fr) 1993-09-03
ATE118643T1 (de) 1995-03-15
CA2031334A1 (en) 1991-06-12

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