EP2037470B1 - Activation of an alternator load-break switch by a group of one main shaft and several secondary shafts - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

The invention relates to a system for breaking and disconnecting an alternator circuit breaker and its associated kinematics.

Many systems are already known for cutting and disconnecting an alternator circuit breaker.

We can mention the solution according to the document DE 100 16 950 .

Another example is the alternator disconnect circuit breaker which is the subject of the patent application. FR 0652628 , according to which a cylindrical cam actuation of the two disconnecting switches and the breaking switch is provided.

• une masse mobile importante et des efforts importants qui ne permettent pas de garantir un fonctionnement fiable dans le temps,
• l'insertion d'un arc et/ou d'une résistance dans le circuit de coupure,
• l'utilisation d'un ressort dans la cinématique d'actionnement pour réaliser l'ouverture du deuxième sectionneur.
  Le but de l'invention est alors de proposer une solution qui vise à pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.

Known solutions involve either:

• a large mobile mass and significant efforts that do not ensure reliable operation over time,
• inserting an arc and / or a resistor in the breaking circuit,
• the use of a spring in the actuation kinematics to achieve the opening of the second disconnector.
  The object of the invention is then to propose a solution that aims to overcome all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

• un premier interrupteur de sectionnement comprenant une première paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation,
• un deuxième interrupteur de coupure comprenant une deuxième paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation, le deuxième interrupteur étant connecté électriquement en parallèle du premier interrupteur,
• un troisième interrupteur de sectionnement comprenant une troisième paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation, le troisième interrupteur étant connecté électriquement en série avec le deuxième interrupteur et en parallèle avec le premier interrupteur,
• des moyens d'actionnement d'un contact mobile de chaque interrupteur,
• des moyens de synchronisation permettant, lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture donnée du disjoncteur, la séparation des contacts du premier interrupteur avant la séparation des contacts du deuxième interrupteur, qui eux-mêmes se séparent avant que les troisièmes contacts ne se séparent entièrement,
• les moyens de synchronisation et d'actionnement des trois interrupteurs étant couplés et actionnés eux-mêmes par une commande unique,
• la première et troisième paires de contacts étant en translation selon le même axe (XX').

For this purpose, there is provided an alternator disconnect circuit breaker comprising:

• a first disconnecting switch comprising a first pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation,
• a second cutoff switch comprising a second pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation, the second switch being electrically connected in parallel with the first switch,
• a third disconnecting switch comprising a third pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation, the third switch being electrically connected in series with the second switch and in parallel with the first switch,
• means for actuating a movable contact of each switch,
• synchronization means enabling, during a given opening maneuver of the circuit breaker, the separation of the contacts of the first switch before the separation of the contacts of the second switch, which themselves separate before the third contacts separate completely,
• the synchronization and actuation means of the three switches being coupled and actuated themselves by a single command,
• the first and third pairs of contacts being in translation along the same axis (XX ').

• les moyens d'actionnement du premier interrupteur sectionneur comprennent au moins un arbre principal adapté pour être mis en rotation par la commande unique et un levier principal solidaire de l'arbre principal et dont une extrémité est reliée à l'un des contacts mobiles,
• les moyens d'actionnement du troisième interrupteur comprennent au moins un arbre accessoire parallèle à l'arbre principal et un levier accessoire solidaire de l'arbre accessoire et dont une extrémité est reliée à l'un de ses contacts mobiles par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de démultiplication,
• les moyens de synchronisation entre les premier et troisième interrupteurs étant agencés de sorte que, lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture donnée du disjoncteur, l'arbre accessoire est mis en rotation seulement sur un angle final de rotation de l'arbre principal afin de séparer entièrement la troisième paire de contacts.

According to the invention,

• the actuating means of the first isolating switch comprise at least one main shaft adapted to be rotated by the single control and a main lever secured to the main shaft and one end of which is connected to one of the movable contacts,
• the actuating means of the third switch comprise at least one accessory shaft parallel to the main shaft and an accessory lever integral with the accessory shaft and one end of which is connected to one of its movable contacts via a gearing device,
• the synchronization means between the first and third switches being arranged so that, during a given opening maneuver of the circuit breaker, the accessory shaft is rotated only on a final angle of rotation of the main shaft in order to completely separate the third pair of contacts.

By "accessory" is meant here and in the context of the invention, a secondary shaft that is to say a tree not directly connected to the single command.

According to the invention, the main disconnector is actuated over the entire stroke of the shaft main and we operate an accessory shaft on the end of the opening only. The actuation of this shaft can be done by cam, by chain or any other means. The angular travel of this shaft being low, the lever drives a pantograph, or other kinematic, to create a reduction of the race at the secondary disconnect, while maintaining a small footprint (to meet the center distances).

The main axis also drives a cam to drive the vacuum bulb whose opening ensures the interruption of the electric arc. This bulb is opened at the beginning of opening so as not to unnecessarily force the insulators when the device is closed (and to risk the creep of these). It is then closed, before the opening of the main contacts, to pass the current. It is then opened, then closed at the end of the race in order to put the potential between the bulb and the secondary disconnector to the potential (Potential for this zone may be made by another device). This cam management system makes it possible to manage radically different races (from 10 to 200 mm, and more if necessary).

Advantageously, the accessory lever is connected directly to the reduction device by a single link.

According to an advantageous variant, the demultiplication device comprises a pantograph.

According to an advantageous variant, the synchronization means between the first and third cutoff switches comprise on the one hand a cam integral with the main shaft, and on the other hand a connecting lever secured to the accessory shaft and carrying a pin bearing against the cam, the profile of the cam being such that the pin moves only on the final angle of rotation of the main shaft.

Preferably, the cam is provided with a guide groove in which the pin slides, the guide groove having two curved parts of different curvature.

• les moyens d'actionnement du deuxième interrupteur de coupure comprennent au moins un autre arbre accessoire parallèle à l'arbre principal et un autre levier accessoire solidaire de l'autre arbre accessoire et dont une extrémité est reliée directement à l'un de ses contacts mobiles,
• les moyens de synchronisation entre les premier et deuxième interrupteurs étant agencés de sorte que, lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture donnée du disjoncteur, l'autre arbre accessoire est successivement mis en rotation ou arrêté sur l'angle complet de rotation de l'arbre principal afin successivement de fermer la paire de contacts du troisième interrupteur initialement ouverte, de l'ouvrir, de la maintenir ouverte puis de la refermer.

According to an advantageous embodiment:

• the actuating means of the second cutoff switch comprise at least one additional accessory shaft parallel to the main shaft and another accessory lever integral with the other accessory shaft and one end of which is connected directly to one of its movable contacts ,
• the synchronization means between the first and second switches being arranged so that, during a given opening operation of the circuit breaker, the other accessory shaft is successively rotated or stopped on the complete angle of rotation of the main shaft to successively close the pair of contacts of the third switch initially opened, open it, keep it open and then close it.

According to an advantageous variant, the synchronization means between the first and second switches comprise on the one hand another cam connected to the main shaft, and on the other hand another linkage lever secured to the other accessory shaft and carrying another pin bearing against the cam.

According to this same advantageous variant, the other cam may be provided with a guide groove in which the other pin slides, the guide groove having four curved parts of different curvature.

Also according to this variant, the other cam can be connected by a single connecting rod to the main shaft.

In addition, the second pair of contacts may be in translation along the same axis as that of the first and third pair and the circuit breaker may comprise a double lever, one of which constitutes the other accessory lever and the other constitutes the other link lever

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of an alternator disconnect circuit breaker according to the invention.

The figure 2 is a side view of the circuit breaker according to the figure 1 .

The figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view along the axis AA of the circuit breaker according to the figure 2 .

The figure 3A is an enlarged view of a part of the circuit breaker according to the figure 3 .

DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

As illustrated, the alternator disconnecting circuit breaker (D) comprises respectively two disconnecting switches 5, 5a; 12, 12a and a switch 16,17 which extend along the same axis XX '.

One of the disconnect switches shown comprises a pair of contacts 12, 12a movable relative to each other in translation.

The cutoff switch comprises a pair of contacts 16, 17 also movable relative to each other in translation. This cutoff switch is electrically connected in parallel with the disconnector switch 5,5a. In the illustrated embodiment, the breaking switch is constituted by a vacuum interrupter.

The other disconnector switch comprises a pair of contacts 5.5a movable relative to each other in translation.

In the alternator circuit breaker D shown, means 2 are provided; 13, 14, 15; 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 for actuating a movable contact 5, 12, of each isolating switch or of that 16 of the breaking switch.

It is also provided, synchronization means 3, 30; 14, 140 allowing, during a given opening maneuver of the circuit breaker, the separation of the contacts 5, 5a from the first isolating switch before the separation of the contacts 16, 17 of the breaking switch, which themselves separate. before the contacts 12,12a of the other disconnect switch do not separate completely.

Finally, in the alternator circuit breaker D according to the invention, it is intended to couple and actuate by a single command not shown the synchronization and actuation means of the three switches.

According to the invention, the actuating means of the disconnector switch 5, 5a comprise at least one main shaft 1 actuated in rotation by the mechanical control. On this shaft 1 is mounted rigidly a main lever 2. The lever 2 is connected by a single intermediate link (not shown) to the main disconnector tube 5.

The actuating means of the other disconnector switch 12, 12a comprise at least one accessory shaft 8 parallel to the main shaft 1 and an accessory lever 9 integral with the accessory shaft 8 and one end 90 of which is connected to the movable contact 12 by means of a demultiplication device 10, 11, which is a pantograph in the illustrated embodiment ( figure 3 ).

The synchronization means between the two disconnector switches 5,5a, 12,12a are arranged such that, during a given opening operation of the circuit breaker, the accessory shaft 8 is rotated only at a final angle of rotation. of the main shaft 1 to fully separate the pair of contacts 12,12a of the disconnector.

More exactly, the cam 3 guides a roller 7, mounted on a connecting lever 6, the profile of the 3 being such that the roller moves only on the final angle of rotation of the main shaft 1. More exactly, the cam 3 is provided with a guide groove 30 in which the roller 7 slides, the groove guide having two curved portions 30a, 30b of different curvature.

This connecting lever 6 as well as the accessory lever 9 are mounted on the accessory shaft 8. The shape of the groove 30 of the cam 3 makes it possible to drive the accessory shaft 8 in rotation for only part of the travel of the main tree. The accessory lever 9 is connected to a single rod 10 which directly actuates a pantograph 11, which itself controls the movement of the tube of the disconnector 12.

The means for actuating the cut-off switch or vacuum interrupter 16, 17 comprise at least one other accessory shaft 18 parallel to the main shaft 1 and another accessory lever 150 integral with the other accessory shaft 18 and one of which end is connected directly to the movable contact 16.

As shown, the synchronization means between the disconnector switch 12, 12a and the switch-off switch 16, 17 are arranged so that, during a given opening maneuver of the circuit breaker, the other accessory shaft 18 is successively rotated or stopped on the full angle of rotation of the main shaft 1 in order successively to close the pair of contacts 16, 17 of the initially open cutoff switch, to open it, to keep it open and then to close it.

In the illustrated embodiment ( figure 3 ) to achieve this arrangement, there is provided another cam 14 connected to the main shaft 1 by the outer end of the main lever 2 connected itself to a single rod 13 which actuates the other cam 14. The groove 140 of this other cam 14 makes it possible to pivot the double lever 15 which actuates, via a connecting rod 16, the vacuum bulb 17.

More exactly, there is provided, as synchronization means, another link lever 151 secured to the other accessory shaft 150 and carrying another roller 19 sliding in the guide groove 140 of the other cam 14.

The guide groove 140 of this other cam 14 has four curved portions 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d of different curvature ( figure 3A ).

The other cam 14 is connected directly by a single connecting rod 13 to the main shaft 1.

In the illustrated embodiment, the other link lever 150 and the other accessory lever 151 are made in one piece which is a double lever 15.

Claims (10)

1. A combined circuit breaker and disconnected (D) for an alternator, comprising:

   - a first interrupter, being a disconnecting interrupter, that comprises a first pair of contacts (5, 5a) movable in straight line motion relative to each other;

   - a second interrupter, being a switching interrupter, that comprises a second pair of contacts (16, 17) movable in straight line motion relative to each other, the second interrupter being connected electrically in parallel with the first interrupter;

   - a third interrupter, being a disconnecting interrupter and comprising a third pair of contacts (12, 12a) that are movable in straight line motion relative to each other, the third interrupter being connected electrically in series with the second interrupter and in parallel with the first interrupter;

   - actuator means (2; 3, 14, 15; 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11) for actuating a moving contact (5, 12, 16) of each interrupter; and

   - synchronizer means (3, 30; 14, 140) serving, during a given opening operation of the circuit breaker, to cause the contacts (5, 5a) of the first interrupter to separate before the contacts (16, 17) of the second interrupter are separated from each other, the contacts (16, 17) of this second pair being separated before the third contacts (12, 12a) are fully separated from each other;

   - the synchronizer means and the actuator means of the three interrupters being themselves coupled and actuated by a single control means; and

   - the first and third pairs of contacts being movable along a common axis (XX'), the circuit breaker and disconnector being characterized in that:

   • the actuator means for the first disconnecting interrupter (5, 5a) include at least one main shaft (1) that is adapted to be set in rotation by the said single control means, and a main lever (2) that is fixed to the main shaft and that has one end connected to one of the moving contacts (5) ;

   • the actuator means for the third interrupter (12) comprise at least one accessory shaft (8) parallel to the main shaft (1), and an accessory lever (9) that is fixed to the accessory shaft (8), and one end of the accessory lever being coupled to one of the moving contacts (12) by means of a multiplier device (10, 11) ; and

   • the synchronizer means between the first and third interrupters are so arranged that, during a given opening operation of the circuit breaker, the accessory shaft (8) is set in rotation over only a final angle of rotation of the main shaft (1), whereby to separate the third pair of contacts (12, 12a) entirely from each other.
2. A circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the accessory lever (9) is coupled directly to the multiplier device (11) through a single connecting rod (10).
3. A circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the multiplier device comprises a pantograph (11).
4. A circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the synchronizer means between the first and third switching interrupters comprises, firstly, a cam (3) fixed to the main shaft (1), and secondly, a coupling lever (6) that is fixed to the accessory shaft (8) and that carries a pin (7) that is in engagement against the cam (3), the profile of the cam being such that the pin is displaced only over the final angle of rotation of the main shaft.
5. A circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cam (3) is formed with a guide groove (30) in which the pin (7) slides, the guide groove having two curved portions (30a, 30b) of different curvatures.
6. A circuit breaker according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein:

   • the actuator means for the second switching interrupter (16, 17) comprise at least one further accessory shaft (18) parallel to the main shaft (1), and a further accessory lever (150) that is fixed to the other accessory shaft (18), and one end of which is coupled directly to one of its moving contacts (16); and

   • the synchronizer means between the first and second interrupters are arranged in such a way that, during a given opening movement of the circuit breaker, the said further accessory shaft (18) is successively set in rotation or stopped over the complete angle of rotation of the main shaft, whereby successively to close the pair of contacts (16, 17) of the third interrupter that is initially open, to open it, to hold it open, and then to close it again.
7. A circuit breaker according to claim 6, wherein the synchronizer means between the first and second interrupters comprises, firstly, a further cam (14) coupled to the main shaft (1), and secondly, a further coupling lever (151) that is fixed to the said further accessory shaft (18) and that carries a further pin (19) that is in engagement against the cam (14).
8. A circuit breaker according to Claim 7, wherein the said further cam (14) is formed with a guide groove (140) in which the said further pin (19) slides, the guide groove (140) having four curved portions (140a, 140b, 140c, 140d) of different curvatures.
9. A circuit breaker according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein the said further cam (14) is coupled to the main shaft (1) through a single connecting rod (13).
10. A circuit breaker according to any of claims 7 to 9, including a double lever (15), having one arm (150) that constitutes the said further accessory lever, with its other arm (151) being the said further coupling lever, and in which the second pair of contacts (16, 17) is movable in relative straight line motion along the same axis (XX') as that of the first and third pairs of contacts.

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