EP1507274B1 - Earthing switch - Google Patents

Earthing switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1507274B1
EP1507274B1 EP04103896A EP04103896A EP1507274B1 EP 1507274 B1 EP1507274 B1 EP 1507274B1 EP 04103896 A EP04103896 A EP 04103896A EP 04103896 A EP04103896 A EP 04103896A EP 1507274 B1 EP1507274 B1 EP 1507274B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
earthing switch
earthing
switching
switch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04103896A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1507274A1 (en
Inventor
Carmelo Gimeno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grid Solutions SAS
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Areva T&D SAS
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Publication of EP1507274A1 publication Critical patent/EP1507274A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas insulated high or medium voltage earthing switch comprising in an envelope, sealed to be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, at least one conductive bar to which a ground contact corresponds, a contact of phase fixed to said bar and intended to be electrically connected to the earth contact for the grounding of said bar.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to an earthing switch said high-speed earthing switch, this type of disconnector having a very low switching time through a spring control which avoids the formation of arcing.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks indicated above by providing a more compact and mechanically simple earthing switch which also allows the measurement of the electrical resistance on each busbar when the earthing switch is closed.
  • the subject of the invention is a gas-insulated high or medium voltage earthing disconnector comprising, in an envelope, sealed to be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, at least one conductive bar to which a earth contact, a phase contact fixed to said bar and intended to be electrically connected to the earth contact for the grounding of said bar, characterized in that the earth contact is fixedly mounted in the envelope facing the contact by leaving a free space with the latter, in that a switching element is mounted movably in the envelope between the phase contact and the earth contact, this switching element comprising, on the one hand, a contact of switching that short-circuits the free space between the phase contact and the earth contact to electrically connect the earth contact and the phase contact when the disconnector is closed and secondly, a support at least partly electrically insulating on which is fixed the switching contact so that the switching contact is electrically isolated from the phase contact and the earth contact in a position of opening of the disconnector.
  • FIG. 1 is a non-limiting example of a three-phase earthing switch according to the invention with a rotary switching element.
  • the earthing switch comprises, in a casing 5 sealed to be filled with a dielectric gas such as SF6, three parallel conducting bars 1 arranged in an equilateral triangle configuration, only two conducting bars 1 being shown in FIG.
  • a ground contact 2 is disposed here in the axial extension of each conducting bar 1 facing a phase contact electrically connected to the corresponding conductive bar.
  • the earth contact and the phase contact are separated from each other by a free space E, this space E being sufficient to provide dielectric insulation.
  • the earth contact and the phase contact are slightly offset from the axis of the corresponding bar if for example the phase contact is mounted on a small tab fixed to the bar and extending transversely thereto. In this case, the contact of earth and the phase contact are still aligned with the axis of the corresponding conductive bar.
  • each earth contact 2 which are fixed in the envelope are respectively associated with the three phase contacts of the conducting bars 1.
  • Each earth contact is mounted through a typically metal cover 3 fixed to the envelope, and is isolated from the lid via an insulating tube T more visible in Figure 1A.
  • the dimensions (in particular the wall thickness of the tube) are intended to hold the insulation between the earth contact and the cover during a voltage pulse typically of the order of a few kilovolts affecting this earth contact.
  • each earth contact 2 forms a grounding plug 4 intended to be connected to the ground and which is also used for measuring the electrical resistance of the associated busbar when the disconnector is closed.
  • the lid 3 which is generally made of the same material as the envelope, typically made of aluminum, sealingly closes the casing 5 of the disconnector, here a metal casing of tubular shape. As can be seen in Figure 1, the cover 3 is disposed at one end of the tubular casing 5, which facilitates the maintenance operations of the earthing switch according to the invention.
  • the earth contacts 2 are electrically insulated from the cover 3.
  • This cover is generally metallic and the potential of the earth as well as the envelope 5 of the disconnector, it can be used to evacuate the currents of the three phases towards the ground during the closing of the switch.
  • this configuration it is no longer possible with this configuration to measure the electrical resistance of a conductor bar, in the closed position of the disconnector, by the connection of a test apparatus to the earth contact corresponding to this bar.
  • the earthing switch described in Figure 1 also comprises in the casing a switching element 6 rotatable in a plane transverse to the bars 1 and which is composed of a support 7 rotatable about an axis R and three contacts 8.
  • the contacts 8 are preferably made of arc-resistant materials, such as copper coated with tungsten.
  • the support 7 is a support at least partly electrically insulating in the shape of a star with three branches, the contacts 8 being fixed at the ends of the branches of the support 7 so that they are electrically isolated from the earth and phase contacts when the earthing switch occupies an open position.
  • the axis R rotation shaft which passes through the lid 3 may be metallic.
  • the earthing switch is closed and the contacts 8 are inserted into the free space E between a ground contact 2 and a phase contact fixed to the corresponding end of a conducting bar 1.
  • This end of the bar In this case, the conductor is advantageously covered with a suitable metal in order to form the phase contact 1A.
  • the contacts 8 are arranged so as to be elastically deformable (here in the axial direction of the bars) to facilitate their insertion between the phase contacts 1A of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2.
  • these switching contacts 8 are U-shaped with resilient contact fingers at each end of a branch of the U, so that the current flowing in one branch is opposite to the current flowing in the other branch. tend to move each branch away from each other for high current values. This increases the contact pressure between the contact fingers of a branch of the U and the fixed contact phase or earth on which these fingers support, thus preventing erosion of the contacts.
  • the edges of the contact fingers of a switching contact 8 are rounded for dielectric and mechanical reasons.
  • FIGS. 1B and 1C describe two alternative embodiments of the switching contacts 8.
  • each switching contact 18 has a closed curve shape, for example a partially ovoid shape, fixed to the support 7.
  • Each switching contact 18 can be split by streaks to promote its elasticity.
  • the base material is a good electrical conductor, for example copper-chromium.
  • the curved portions may be tungsten, while the contact points, in the contact position, are placed in an area without tungsten.
  • the closed or ovoid shape may be asymmetrical with respect to the points of contact or symmetrical. With such a form of switching contact 18, the current can take two different paths, symbolized by arrows, on both sides of this closed form, the reaction forces of the current to the switching elements being reduced.
  • Figure 1C illustrates another alternative embodiment of the shape of the contact elements.
  • These contact elements 28 have two rods 28A and 28B fixed on a conductive support. When closing the disconnector, these rods 28A and 28B each enter a socket-shaped female contact 26, fixed in a cavity respectively of the conducting bar 1 '' '' and the earth contact 2 '' ''.
  • One of the two rods 28A is longer than the second rod 28B so that it comes into contact with its female contact 26 of the earth contact 2 '' '' before the second rod 28B comes into contact with its contact female 26 of the conductor bar 1 '' ''. Since these two rods 28A and 28B rotate around the axis of rotation R of the switching element 6, their relative position to their respective female contacts 26 may vary slightly.
  • the female contacts 26 in the form of a tulip are elastic or are fixed so as to be able to make a slight radial movement relative to the rods 28A and 28B.
  • the contact fingers D are covered with an arc-resistant material such as tungsten, so that the tungsten does not touch the surface of the phase and earth contacts but is arranged in front of the contact fingers to receive the electric arc first.
  • the contact area of the contact fingers on the fixed earth and phase contacts is made of copper or brass, preferably galvanized silver.
  • these phase and earth contacts respectively 1A and 2 are covered with an arc-resistant material such as tungsten, for example by fixing (by welding or otherwise) tungsten rings on the edges of the metal. front face and are also galvanized with silver as is known for this type of contact.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively show the switching element 6 when the disconnector is closed and when the disconnector is open.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the three-pointed star shape of the support 7 and the contacts 8 arranged in a triangle configuration at the ends of the branches of the support 7.
  • the movable switching element 6 rotates about the axis of rotation R and the switching contacts 8 carried by this element 6 are inserted transversely to the axis of the bars. 1 in the free space between the phase contacts of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2.
  • the switching element is rotated by a control (not shown) which is coupled to the axis of rotation R (control shaft) from the outside of the envelope.
  • the switching contacts 8 then provide the electrical connection between the phase contacts of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2.
  • FIGs 2 and 3 there is shown contacts 8 with a plurality of elastically deformable contact pins.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 also show that the axis of rotation R of the switching element 6 is disposed in the center of the triangle defined by the equilateral triangle configuration of the conducting bars 1.
  • FIG 3 there is shown the earthing switch in the open position.
  • the switching contacts 8 are arranged in the space between two adjacent busbars. It is advantageous to provide elastic contacts CE fixed to the cover, and in electrical contact with the cover, in order to electrically connect each switching contact to the cover in the open position of the earthing switch.
  • a simple leaf spring attached to the cover may be sufficient for a reliable electrical connection between a switching contact and the cover. This prevents switching contacts 8 are each at a floating potential in the open position, which could cause partial discharges.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a three-phase earthing switch, which, unlike the earthing switch shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, has parallel busbars 1 'arranged in a row arrangement; say in an overlay configuration.
  • the switching element 6 ' is mounted sliding in the casing 5 transversely to the busbars 1 ', the switching contacts 8' carried by the switching element 6 'coming into the space left free between the phase contact of each busbar 1' and each earth contact (not shown in these figures).
  • Figure 4 shows the switching element 6 'when the earthing switch is closed and
  • Figure 5 shows the switching element 6' when the earthing switch is open.
  • the switching element 6 ' is composed of a sliding support 7', here a bar of insulating material, on which are fixed in a row configuration three switching contacts 8 'similar to those shown for Figures 1 to 3.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a mechanism 9 'transforming a rotary movement about an axis of rotation R' of a lever 11 'into a translational movement of a connecting rod 10' connected to the support 7 ' which is guided in translation in a plane perpendicular to the bars 1 'by guides 12'.
  • the axis of rotation R 'as well as the earth contacts are mounted in a cover which closes the end of the envelope 5.
  • the movable switching element 6' translates and the switching contacts 8 'are inserted transversely to the axis of the busbars 1' in the free space between the phase contacts of the conducting bars 1 'and the earth contacts.
  • the contacts 8 'then provide the electrical connection between the phase contacts of the busbars 1' and the earth contacts 2 '.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show a single-phase earthing switch with a rotating mobile switching element 6 ".
  • the earthing switch comprises in the casing 5 a single conducting bar 1 "(with a phase contact 1A '') coaxial with the tubular envelope 5 and a single earth contact 2 '' disposed in the axial extension of the bar 1 "and mounted through the cover 3 '' closing the envelope 5 '' .
  • the switching element 6 '' carries a single switching contact 8 '' as already described above and is mounted on a support 7 '' of insulating material, here a branch of insulating material mounted on a axis of rotation R "through the lid 3".
  • the control of the earthing switch according to the invention is engaged on the axis of rotation R, R ', R''and is preferably arranged on the outside of the lid closing the envelope and therefore in the longitudinal extension of the envelope which further contributes to obtaining a high compactness of the disconnector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 to 11 there is shown another arrangement of a single-phase earthing switch according to the invention arranged to be installed on a section of the conductor bar.
  • a disconnector may be in the form of a module with a cylindrical envelope sufficiently short to be able to access the assembly or disassembly of the elements of the disconnector.
  • This envelope surrounds a conductive bar that can be held in position conventionally by insulating supports such as for example two insulating cones attached to both ends of the envelope.
  • Such an earthing switch module is then intended to be interposed in a sealed manner between two shielded appliances (with gas insulation) or between a section of line and a shielded device.
  • the earth contact 2 '' 'and the phase contact 1' '' A are not aligned with the axis of the conducting bar 1 '' '.
  • the phase contact 1 '' 'A is fixed on the side of the conductive bar while the earth contact 2' '' 'is fixed in the envelope 5 facing the phase contact, these two contacts being aligned transversely to the conductive bar leaving a free space E '' 'between them.
  • the switching element 6 '' 'which is rotatable comprises a switching contact 8' '' which is fixed on a rotatable support 7 '' 'about an axis of rotation R' '' passing through the cylindrical wall of the envelope.
  • the rotary support 7 '' ' is at least partly made of an insulating material.
  • FIG. 9 the earthing switch is closed and the switching contact is inserted between the phase and earth contacts in the free space E '''.
  • Figure 10 shows the earthing switch of Figure 9 in the open position while Figure 11 shows the earthing switch in the open position but seen from above.
  • the axis of rotation R '''of the rotary support 7''' is naturally offset from the axis of the conducting bar 1 '''and the rotary support 7'''' is held in position by a bearing P fixed inside the casing and by a leaktight passage TR through which the rotary support 7 '''emerges from the casing to be coupled to a control member.
  • the part of the support 7 ''' which passes through the envelope at the level of the leaktight crossing TR to be made of an insulating material, and this part may advantageously be separable from the remainder of the support 7''' in order to facilitate the mounting of most of the support by the inside of the envelope.
  • FIG. 11 shows an elastic contact CE '' 'on which the switching contact 8' '' comes into electrical contact when the disconnector is fully open.
  • the elastic contacts CE visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is thus possible to prevent the switching contact 8 '' 'from being at a floating potential in the fully open position of the disconnector.
  • this arrangement of the earthing switch can be easily extended to a three-phase earthing switch, and more easily in particular to an earthing switch for three conductive bars superimposed in the same envelope.
  • a rotary support formed in part by an insulating rod which is offset from the plane containing the three axes of the busbars.
  • Each of the three switching contacts is then carried by an insulating branch integral with the rod and is thus movable in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the bars. It is possible to provide a modular embodiment of such a three-phase earthing switch, with the advantages of a single control for grounding the three phases and of relative compactness.

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  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)

Abstract

The switch has a grounding contact (2) associated with a conducting bar (1) and forming an earth electrode that branches at ground. Switching contact (8) short-circuits free space (E) between a phase and grounding contact when the switch is closed. The switching contact is electrically insulated from the phase and grounding contact in opening position of the switch.

Description

La présente invention concerne un sectionneur de terre haute ou moyenne tension à isolation au gaz comprenant dans une enveloppe, fermée de façon étanche pour être remplie d'un gaz isolant diélectriquement, au moins une barre conductrice à laquelle correspond un contact de terre, un contact de phase fixé à ladite barre et destiné à être raccordé électriquement au contact de terre pour la mise à la terre de ladite barre.The present invention relates to a gas insulated high or medium voltage earthing switch comprising in an envelope, sealed to be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, at least one conductive bar to which a ground contact corresponds, a contact of phase fixed to said bar and intended to be electrically connected to the earth contact for the grounding of said bar.

L'invention s'applique tout particulièrement à un sectionneur de terre dit sectionneur de terre haute vitesse, ce type de sectionneur présentant un temps de commutation très faible grâce à une commande à ressorts ce qui permet d'éviter la formation d'arcs électriques.The invention is particularly applicable to an earthing switch said high-speed earthing switch, this type of disconnector having a very low switching time through a spring control which avoids the formation of arcing.

On connaît déjà du document WO 96/17420 un sectionneur de terre triphasé tel que défini ci dessus. Dans ce sectionneur connu, les trois barres conductrices sont coudées de façon radiale dans l'enveloppe de telle façon que leurs extrémités respectives soient disposées sur la périphérie du trajet d'une pièce conductrice rotative reliée à la terre. L'inconvénient de cette construction est qu'elle est compliquée et coûteuse à réaliser. En plus cette construction est encombrante en raison du fait que les barres conductrices doivent être coudées. Par ailleurs, avec cette construction, il n'est pas possible de mesurer individuellement la résistance électrique de chaque barre conductrice.Already known from WO 96/17420 a three-phase earthing switch as defined above. In this known disconnector, the three busbars are bent radially in the casing so that their respective ends are arranged on the periphery of the path of a rotating conductive part connected to the earth. The disadvantage of this construction is that it is complicated and expensive to achieve. In addition this construction is bulky due to the fact that the busbars must be bent. Moreover, with this construction, it is not possible to measure individually the electrical resistance of each busbar.

Un sectionneur de terre analogue à celui du WO 96/17420 est décrit dans le brevet SE 420,033. Ce sectionneur comporte un contact de terre qui est déplacé vers chaque barre conductrice selon une direction longitudinale parallèle à l'axe des barres. Cet agencement présente également l'inconvénient d'être encombrant.An earthing switch similar to that of WO 96/17420 is described in SE 420,033. This disconnector comprises a ground contact which is displaced towards each conductive bar in a longitudinal direction parallel to the axis of the bars. This arrangement also has the disadvantage of being bulky.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients indiqués ci-dessus en proposant un sectionneur de terre plus compact et plus simple mécaniquement et qui permet en outre la mesure de la résistance électrique sur chaque barre conductrice quand le sectionneur de terre est fermé.The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks indicated above by providing a more compact and mechanically simple earthing switch which also allows the measurement of the electrical resistance on each busbar when the earthing switch is closed.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un sectionneur de terre haute ou moyenne tension à isolation au gaz comprenant dans une enveloppe, fermée de façon étanche pour être remplie d'un gaz isolant diélectriquement, au moins une barre conductrice à laquelle correspond un contact de terre, un contact de phase fixé à ladite barre et destiné à être raccordé électriquement au contact de terre pour la mise à la terre de ladite barre, caractérisé en ce que le contact de terre est monté fixe dans l'enveloppe face au contact de phase en laissant avec ce dernier un espace libre, en ce qu'un élément de commutation est monté mobile dans l'enveloppe entre le contact de phase et le contact de terre, cet élément de commutation comprenant d'une part, un contact de commutation qui vient court-circuiter l'espace laissé libre entre le contact de phase et le contact de terre pour relier électriquement le contact de terre et le contact de phase lorsque le sectionneur est fermé et d'autre part, un support au moins en partie électriquement isolant sur lequel est fixé le contact de commutation de telle sorte que le contact de commutation est isolé électriquement du contact de phase et du contact de terre dans une position d'ouverture du sectionneur.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a gas-insulated high or medium voltage earthing disconnector comprising, in an envelope, sealed to be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, at least one conductive bar to which a earth contact, a phase contact fixed to said bar and intended to be electrically connected to the earth contact for the grounding of said bar, characterized in that the earth contact is fixedly mounted in the envelope facing the contact by leaving a free space with the latter, in that a switching element is mounted movably in the envelope between the phase contact and the earth contact, this switching element comprising, on the one hand, a contact of switching that short-circuits the free space between the phase contact and the earth contact to electrically connect the earth contact and the phase contact when the disconnector is closed and secondly, a support at least partly electrically insulating on which is fixed the switching contact so that the switching contact is electrically isolated from the phase contact and the earth contact in a position of opening of the disconnector.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation d'un sectionneur de terre triphasé selon l'invention :

  • les trois barres conductrices parallèles sont agencées selon une configuration en triangle équilatéral et l'élément de commutation est monté rotatif autour d'un axe de rotation disposé au centre du triangle ; cette construction présente l'avantage d'utiliser au maximum l'espace laissé libre entre les barres conductrices ce qui contribue à la réduction de l'encombrement du sectionneur ;
  • l'élément de commutation peut comporter trois contacts de commutation montés selon une configuration en triangle sur un support rotatif en matière isolante électriquement, le support pouvant être avantageusement en forme d'étoile à trois branches ;
  • l'élément de commutation peut être monté rotatif sur un couvercle fermant l'enveloppe.
According to a first embodiment of a three-phase earthing switch according to the invention:
  • the three parallel conductor bars are arranged in an equilateral triangle configuration and the switching element is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation disposed in the center of the triangle; this construction has the advantage of making maximum use of the free space left between the conductive bars, which contributes to reducing the size of the disconnector;
  • the switching element may comprise three switching contacts mounted in a triangle configuration on a rotating support of electrically insulating material, the support being advantageously in the form of a three-pointed star;
  • the switching element can be rotatably mounted on a cover closing the envelope.

Selon un second mode de réalisation d'un sectionneur de terre triphasé selon l'invention :

  • les trois des barres conductrices parallèles sont agencées selon une disposition en rangée et l'élément de commutation est monté coulissant dans l'enveloppe transversalement aux barres conductrices ;
  • l'élément de commutation comporte trois contacts disposés selon une configuration en rangée sur un support coulissant en matière isolante ;
  • le support coulissant est une barre en matière isolante.
According to a second embodiment of a three-phase earthing switch according to the invention:
  • the three of the parallel busbars are arranged in a row arrangement and the switching element is slidably mounted in the casing transverse to the busbars;
  • the switching element comprises three contacts arranged in a row configuration on a sliding support of insulating material;
  • the sliding support is a bar of insulating material.

Le sectionneur de terre selon l'invention peut présenter encore les particularités suivantes :

  • les contacts de l'élément de commutation sont déformables élastiquement ;
  • les contacts de l'élément de commutation sont en forme de U et comprennent des doigts de contacts déformables élastiquemennt,
  • les contacts de l'élément de commutation sont en forme de courbe fermée et comprennent des éléments de contact déformables élastiquement,
  • les contacts de l'élément de commutation sont équipés de deux tiges de commutation destinées à s'insérer chacune dans un contact femelle en forme de tulipe d'un des deux contacts, la tige de commutation correspondant au contact de terre est plus longue que l'autre.
    Cet agencement des contacts de l'élément de commutation contribue à l'obtention d'une meilleure insertion de ceux-ci dans l'espace laissé libre entre un contact de terre et un contact de phase tout en entraînant une augmentation de la pression de contact favorable pour les fortes valeurs de courants.
    Plusieurs exemples de réalisation d'un sectionneur de mise à la terre selon l'invention sont décrits ci-après et illustrés par les dessins.
  • La figure 1 est une vue latérale en coupe longitudinale d'un sectionneur de terre triphasé suivant l'invention avec un élément de commutation rotatif.
  • Les figures 1A, 1B, 1C montrent plus en détails un contact de terre fixé dans l'enveloppe.
  • La figure 2 est une vue très schématique selon la coupe selon A-A sur la figure 1 de l'élément de commutation quand le sectionneur de terre est fermé.
  • La figure 3 est analogue à la figure 2 mais dans une position d'ouverture du sectionneur de terre.
  • La figure 4 est une vue très schématique analogue à la figure 2 d'un sectionneur de terre en position fermée ayant un élément de commutation à mouvement translatif.
  • La figure 5 est analogue à la figure 4 mais dans une position d'ouverture du sectionneur de terre.
  • La figure 6 est une vue latérale en coupe longitudinale d'un sectionneur de terre monophasé selon l'invention avec un élément de commutation rotatif.
  • La figure 7 est une vue très schématique en coupe selon A'-A' sur la figure 6 de l'élément de commutation quand le sectionneur de terre est fermé.
  • La figure 8 est analogue à la figure 7 mais dans une position d'ouverture du sectionneur de terre.
  • La figure 9 montre encore une autre disposition d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention dans laquelle les contacts de terre et de phase sont alignés transversalement à la barre conductrice. Sur la figure 9, le sectionneur est dans une position de fermeture.
  • La figure 10 montre le sectionneur de terre illustré sur la figure 9 mais dans une position d'ouverture.
  • La figure 11 est une vue de dessus du sectionneur de terre montré sur la figure 10.
The earthing switch according to the invention can still have the following features:
  • the contacts of the switching element are elastically deformable;
  • the contacts of the switching element are U-shaped and comprise elastically deformable contact fingers,
  • the contacts of the switching element are in the form of a closed curve and comprise elastically deformable contact elements,
  • the contacts of the switching element are equipped with two switching rods each intended to fit into a tulip-shaped female contact of one of the two contacts, the switching rod corresponding to the earth contact is longer than the 'other.
    This arrangement of the contacts of the switching element contributes to obtaining a better insertion thereof in the space left free between a ground contact and a phase contact while causing an increase in the contact pressure. favorable for high current values.
    Several embodiments of an earthing switch according to the invention are described below and illustrated by the drawings.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a three-phase earthing switch according to the invention with a rotary switching element.
  • Figures 1A, 1B, 1C show in more detail a ground contact fixed in the envelope.
  • Figure 2 is a very schematic view according to the section on AA in Figure 1 of the switching element when the earthing switch is closed.
  • Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2 but in an open position of the earthing switch.
  • Figure 4 is a very schematic view similar to Figure 2 of a closed earthing switch having a switching element with a translational movement.
  • Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4 but in an open position of the earthing switch.
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a single-phase earthing switch according to the invention with a rotary switching element.
  • Figure 7 is a very schematic sectional view along A'-A 'in Figure 6 of the switching element when the earthing switch is closed.
  • Figure 8 is similar to Figure 7 but in an open position of the earthing switch.
  • FIG. 9 shows yet another arrangement of an earthing switch according to the invention wherein the earth and phase contacts are aligned transversely to the busbar. In Figure 9, the disconnector is in a closed position.
  • Figure 10 shows the earthing switch shown in Figure 9 but in an open position.
  • Fig. 11 is a top view of the earthing switch shown in Fig. 10.

Sur la figure 1 on a représenté à titre d'exemple non limitatif un sectionneur de terre triphasé selon l'invention avec un élément de commutation rotatif. Le sectionneur de terre comprend, dans une enveloppe 5 fermée de façon étanche pour être remplie d'un gaz diélectrique comme du SF6, trois barres conductrices 1 parallèles agencées selon une configuration en triangle équilatéral, seules deux barres conductrices 1 étant montrées sur la figure 1. Un contact de terre 2 est disposé ici dans le prolongement axial de chaque barre conductrice 1 face à un contact de phase relié électriquement à la barre conductrice correspondante. Le contact de terre et le contact de phase sont séparés l'un de l'autre d'un espace laissé libre E, cet espace E étant suffisant pour assurer une isolation diélectrique. Il est envisageable sans sortir du cadre de l'invention que le contact de terre et le contact de phase soient légèrement décalés de l'axe de la barre correspondante si par exemple le contact de phase est monté sur une petite patte fixée à la barre et s'étendant transversalement à celle-ci. Dans ce cas, le contact de terre et le contact de phase sont encore alignés avec l'axe de la barre conductrice correspondante.FIG. 1 is a non-limiting example of a three-phase earthing switch according to the invention with a rotary switching element. The earthing switch comprises, in a casing 5 sealed to be filled with a dielectric gas such as SF6, three parallel conducting bars 1 arranged in an equilateral triangle configuration, only two conducting bars 1 being shown in FIG. A ground contact 2 is disposed here in the axial extension of each conducting bar 1 facing a phase contact electrically connected to the corresponding conductive bar. The earth contact and the phase contact are separated from each other by a free space E, this space E being sufficient to provide dielectric insulation. It is conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention that the earth contact and the phase contact are slightly offset from the axis of the corresponding bar if for example the phase contact is mounted on a small tab fixed to the bar and extending transversely thereto. In this case, the contact of earth and the phase contact are still aligned with the axis of the corresponding conductive bar.

Comme visible sur la figure 1, les trois contacts de terre 2 qui sont fixes dans l'enveloppe sont associées respectivement aux trois contacts de phase des barres conductrices 1. Chaque contact de terre est monté traversant dans un couvercle 3 typiquement métallique fixé à l'enveloppe, et est isolé du couvercle par l'intermédiaire d'un tube isolant T plus visible sur la figure 1A. Les dimensions (en particulier l'épaisseur de paroi du tube) sont prévues pour tenir l'isolation entre le contact de terre et le couvercle pendant une impulsion de tension typiquement de l'ordre de quelques kilovolts affectant ce contact de terre. Du côté extérieur du couvercle 3, chaque contact de terre 2 forme une prise de terre 4 destinée à être branchée à la terre et qui sert aussi pour la mesure de la résistance électrique de la barre conductrice qui lui est associée quand le sectionneur est fermé.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the three earth contacts 2 which are fixed in the envelope are respectively associated with the three phase contacts of the conducting bars 1. Each earth contact is mounted through a typically metal cover 3 fixed to the envelope, and is isolated from the lid via an insulating tube T more visible in Figure 1A. The dimensions (in particular the wall thickness of the tube) are intended to hold the insulation between the earth contact and the cover during a voltage pulse typically of the order of a few kilovolts affecting this earth contact. On the outside of the cover 3, each earth contact 2 forms a grounding plug 4 intended to be connected to the ground and which is also used for measuring the electrical resistance of the associated busbar when the disconnector is closed.

Le couvercle 3, qui est généralement réalisé dans le même matériau que l'enveloppe, typiquement en aluminium, ferme de façon étanche l'enveloppe 5 du sectionneur, ici une enveloppe métallique de forme tubulaire. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, le couvercle 3 est disposé à une extrémité de l'enveloppe tubulaire 5, ce qui facilite les opérations de maintenance du sectionneur de terre selon l'invention.The lid 3, which is generally made of the same material as the envelope, typically made of aluminum, sealingly closes the casing 5 of the disconnector, here a metal casing of tubular shape. As can be seen in Figure 1, the cover 3 is disposed at one end of the tubular casing 5, which facilitates the maintenance operations of the earthing switch according to the invention.

Dans un tel sectionneur de terre selon l'invention, il n'est pas indispensable que les contacts de terre 2 soient électriquement isolés du couvercle 3. Ce couvercle étant généralement métallique et au potentiel de la terre de même que l'enveloppe 5 du sectionneur, il peut servir à évacuer les courants des trois phases vers la terre lors de la fermeture du sectionneur. Bien entendu, il n'est plus possible avec cette configuration de mesurer la résistance électrique d'une barre conductrice, dans la position fermée du sectionneur, par le branchement d'un appareil de test sur le contact de terre correspondant à cette barre.In such an earthing switch according to the invention, it is not essential that the earth contacts 2 are electrically insulated from the cover 3. This cover is generally metallic and the potential of the earth as well as the envelope 5 of the disconnector, it can be used to evacuate the currents of the three phases towards the ground during the closing of the switch. Of course, it is no longer possible with this configuration to measure the electrical resistance of a conductor bar, in the closed position of the disconnector, by the connection of a test apparatus to the earth contact corresponding to this bar.

Le sectionneur de terre décrit sur la figure 1 comporte aussi dans l'enveloppe un élément de commutation 6 mobile en rotation dans un plan transversal aux barres 1 et qui est composé d'un support 7 rotatif autour d'un axe R et de trois contacts électriques de commutation 8. Les contacts 8 sont de préférence réalisés avec des matériaux résistants aux arcs électriques, tels que du cuivre recouvert de tungstène. Le support 7 est un support au moins en partie isolant électriquement en forme d'étoile à trois branches, les contacts 8 étant fixés aux extrémités des branches du support 7 de sorte qu'ils sont isolés électriquement des contacts de terre et de phase quand le sectionneur de terre occupe une position d'ouverture. L'arbre de rotation d'axe R qui traverse le couvercle 3 peut être métallique.The earthing switch described in Figure 1 also comprises in the casing a switching element 6 rotatable in a plane transverse to the bars 1 and which is composed of a support 7 rotatable about an axis R and three contacts 8. The contacts 8 are preferably made of arc-resistant materials, such as copper coated with tungsten. The support 7 is a support at least partly electrically insulating in the shape of a star with three branches, the contacts 8 being fixed at the ends of the branches of the support 7 so that they are electrically isolated from the earth and phase contacts when the earthing switch occupies an open position. The axis R rotation shaft which passes through the lid 3 may be metallic.

Sur la figure 1, le sectionneur de terre est fermé et les contacts 8 sont insérés dans l'espace laissé libre E entre un contact de terre 2 et un contact de phase fixé à l'extrémité correspondante d'un barre conductrice 1. Cette extrémité de la barre conductrice est ici avantageusement recouverte d'un métal approprié afin de former le contact de phase 1A. Les contacts 8 sont agencés de telle sorte à être élastiquement déformables (ici selon la direction axiale des barres) pour faciliter leur insertion entre les contacts de phase 1A des barres conductrices 1 et les contacts de terre 2.In FIG. 1, the earthing switch is closed and the contacts 8 are inserted into the free space E between a ground contact 2 and a phase contact fixed to the corresponding end of a conducting bar 1. This end of the bar In this case, the conductor is advantageously covered with a suitable metal in order to form the phase contact 1A. The contacts 8 are arranged so as to be elastically deformable (here in the axial direction of the bars) to facilitate their insertion between the phase contacts 1A of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2.

Avantageusement, ces contacts de commutation 8 sont en forme de U avec des doigts de contacts élastiques à chaque extrémité d'une branche du U, de façon à ce que le courant circulant dans une branche soit opposé au courant circulant dans l'autre branche pour tendre à éloigner chaque branche l'une de l'autre pour les valeurs de courant élevées. Ceci augmente la pression de contact entre les doigts de contacts d'une branche du U et le contact fixe de phase ou de terre sur lequel ces doigts appuient, empêchant ainsi l'érosion des contacts. Les bords des doigts de contacts d'un contact de commutation 8 sont arrondis pour des raisons diélectriques et mécaniques.Advantageously, these switching contacts 8 are U-shaped with resilient contact fingers at each end of a branch of the U, so that the current flowing in one branch is opposite to the current flowing in the other branch. tend to move each branch away from each other for high current values. This increases the contact pressure between the contact fingers of a branch of the U and the fixed contact phase or earth on which these fingers support, thus preventing erosion of the contacts. The edges of the contact fingers of a switching contact 8 are rounded for dielectric and mechanical reasons.

Les figures 1B et 1C décrivent deux variantes de réalisation des contacts de commutation 8. En effet, sur la figure 1B, chaque contact de commutation 18 présente une forme en courbe fermée, par exemple partiellement ovoïde, fixée au support 7. Chaque contact de commutation 18 peut être fendu par des stries pour favoriser son caractère élastique. Le matériau de base est un bon conducteur électrique, par exemple du cuivre-chrome. Les parties incurvées peuvent être en tungstène, alors que les points de contact, dans la position de contact, sont placés dans une zone sans tungstène. La forme fermée ou ovoïde peut être asymétrique par rapport aux points de contact ou symétrique. Avec une telle forme de contact de commutation 18, le courant peut prendre deux chemins différents, symbolisés par des flèches, des deux côtés de cette forme fermée, les forces de réaction du courant aux éléments de commutation étant réduites.FIGS. 1B and 1C describe two alternative embodiments of the switching contacts 8. In fact, in FIG. 1B, each switching contact 18 has a closed curve shape, for example a partially ovoid shape, fixed to the support 7. Each switching contact 18 can be split by streaks to promote its elasticity. The base material is a good electrical conductor, for example copper-chromium. The curved portions may be tungsten, while the contact points, in the contact position, are placed in an area without tungsten. The closed or ovoid shape may be asymmetrical with respect to the points of contact or symmetrical. With such a form of switching contact 18, the current can take two different paths, symbolized by arrows, on both sides of this closed form, the reaction forces of the current to the switching elements being reduced.

La figure 1C illustre une autre variante de réalisation de la forme des éléments de contact. Ces éléments de contact 28 possèdent deux tiges 28A et 28B fixées sur un support conducteur. Lors de la fermeture du sectionneur, ces tiges 28A et 28B pénètrent chacune dans un contact femelle 26 en forme de tulipe, fixé dans une cavité respectivement de la barre conductrice 1'''' et du contact de terre 2''''. Une des deux tiges 28A est plus longue que la deuxième tige 28B de façon à ce qu'elle rentre en contact avec son contact femelle 26 du contact de terre 2'''' avant que la deuxième tige 28B ne rentre en contact avec son contact femelle 26 de la barre conductrice 1''''. Du fait que ces deux tiges 28A et 28B tournent autour de l'axe de rotation R de l'élément de commutation 6, leur position relative à leurs contacts femelles 26 respectifs peut varier légèrement. Aussi, les contacts femelles 26 en forme de tulipe sont élastiques ou sont fixés de façon à pouvoir effectuer un léger mouvement radial par rapport aux tiges 28A et 28B.Figure 1C illustrates another alternative embodiment of the shape of the contact elements. These contact elements 28 have two rods 28A and 28B fixed on a conductive support. When closing the disconnector, these rods 28A and 28B each enter a socket-shaped female contact 26, fixed in a cavity respectively of the conducting bar 1 '' '' and the earth contact 2 '' ''. One of the two rods 28A is longer than the second rod 28B so that it comes into contact with its female contact 26 of the earth contact 2 '' '' before the second rod 28B comes into contact with its contact female 26 of the conductor bar 1 '' ''. Since these two rods 28A and 28B rotate around the axis of rotation R of the switching element 6, their relative position to their respective female contacts 26 may vary slightly. Also, the female contacts 26 in the form of a tulip are elastic or are fixed so as to be able to make a slight radial movement relative to the rods 28A and 28B.

Les doigts de contacts D, illustrés sur les figures 2 et 3 mais plus visibles encore sur la figure 1A, sont recouverts d'un matériau résistant à l'arc électrique comme le tungstène, de telle façon que le tungstène ne touche pas la surface des contacts de phase et de terre mais soit disposé à l'avant des doigts de contacts pour recevoir en premier l'arc électrique. La zone de contact des doigts de contacts sur les contacts fixes de terre et de phase est réalisée en cuivre ou en laiton, de préférence en argent galvanisé. De la même manière ces contacts de phase et de terre respectivement 1A et 2 sont recouverts d'un matériau résistant à l'arc électrique comme le tungstène, par exemple par fixation (par soudage ou autre) d'anneaux de tungstène sur les bords de face frontale et sont par ailleurs galvanisés à l'argent comme cela est connu pour ce type de contact.The contact fingers D, illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 but still more visible in FIG. 1A, are covered with an arc-resistant material such as tungsten, so that the tungsten does not touch the surface of the phase and earth contacts but is arranged in front of the contact fingers to receive the electric arc first. The contact area of the contact fingers on the fixed earth and phase contacts is made of copper or brass, preferably galvanized silver. In the same way, these phase and earth contacts respectively 1A and 2 are covered with an arc-resistant material such as tungsten, for example by fixing (by welding or otherwise) tungsten rings on the edges of the metal. front face and are also galvanized with silver as is known for this type of contact.

Les figures 2 et 3 montrent respectivement l'élément de commutation 6 quand le sectionneur est fermé et quand le sectionneur est ouvert. Sur les figures 2 et 3, on a représenté la forme en étoile à trois branches du support 7 et les contacts 8 disposés selon une configuration en triangle aux extrémités des branches du support 7.Figures 2 and 3 respectively show the switching element 6 when the disconnector is closed and when the disconnector is open. FIGS. 2 and 3 show the three-pointed star shape of the support 7 and the contacts 8 arranged in a triangle configuration at the ends of the branches of the support 7.

Pour mettre les barres conductrices 1 à la terre, l'élément de commutation 6 mobile effectue une rotation autour de l'axe de rotation R et les contacts de commutation 8 portés par cet élément 6 viennent s'insérer transversalement à l'axe des barres conductrices 1 dans l'espace laissé libre entre les contacts de phase des barres conductrices 1 et les contacts de terre 2. L'élément de commutation est entraîné en rotation par une commande (non représentée) qui est couplée à l'axe de rotation R (arbre de commande) depuis l'extérieure de l'enveloppe. Les contacts de commutation 8 assurent alors la connexion électrique entre les contacts de phase des barres conductrices 1 et les contacts de terre 2. Sur les figures 2 et 3, on a représenté des contacts 8 à plusieurs doigts de contact élastiquement déformables.To put the busbars 1 to ground, the movable switching element 6 rotates about the axis of rotation R and the switching contacts 8 carried by this element 6 are inserted transversely to the axis of the bars. 1 in the free space between the phase contacts of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2. The switching element is rotated by a control (not shown) which is coupled to the axis of rotation R (control shaft) from the outside of the envelope. The switching contacts 8 then provide the electrical connection between the phase contacts of the busbars 1 and the earth contacts 2. In Figures 2 and 3, there is shown contacts 8 with a plurality of elastically deformable contact pins.

On voit également sur les figures 2 et 3 que l'axe de rotation R de l'élément de commutation 6 est disposé au centre du triangle défini par la configuration en triangle équilatéral des barres conductrices 1.FIGS. 2 and 3 also show that the axis of rotation R of the switching element 6 is disposed in the center of the triangle defined by the equilateral triangle configuration of the conducting bars 1.

Sur la figure 3 on a représenté le sectionneur de terre en position ouverte. Les contacts de commutation 8 sont disposés dans l'espace entre deux barres conductrices adjacentes. Il est avantageux de prévoir des contacts élastiques CE fixés au couvercle, et en contact électrique avec le couvercle, afin de relier électriquement chaque contact de commutation au couvercle dans la position ouverte du sectionneur de terre. Un simple ressort à lame fixé au couvercle peut suffire pour une liaison électrique fiable entre un contact de commutation et le couvercle. On évite ainsi que les contacts de commutation 8 soient chacun à un potentiel flottant en position ouverte, ce qui risquerait de provoquer des décharges partielles.In Figure 3 there is shown the earthing switch in the open position. The switching contacts 8 are arranged in the space between two adjacent busbars. It is advantageous to provide elastic contacts CE fixed to the cover, and in electrical contact with the cover, in order to electrically connect each switching contact to the cover in the open position of the earthing switch. A simple leaf spring attached to the cover may be sufficient for a reliable electrical connection between a switching contact and the cover. This prevents switching contacts 8 are each at a floating potential in the open position, which could cause partial discharges.

Sur les figures 4 et 5, on a représenté un sectionneur de terre triphasé, qui à la différence du sectionneur de terre montré sur les figures 2 et 3, comporte des barres conductrices parallèles 1' disposées selon une disposition en rangée, c'est à dire dans une configuration de superposition. Comme visible sur ces figures, l'élément de commutation 6' est monté coulissant dans l'enveloppe 5 transversalement aux barres conductrices 1', les contacts de commutation 8' portés par l'élément de commutation 6' venant s'engager dans l'espace laissé libre entre le contact de phase de chaque barre conductrice 1' et chaque contact de terre (non représenté sur ces figures). La figure 4 montre l'élément de commutation 6' quand le sectionneur de terre est fermé et la figure 5 montre l'élément de commutation 6' quand le sectionneur de terre est ouvert.FIGS. 4 and 5 show a three-phase earthing switch, which, unlike the earthing switch shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, has parallel busbars 1 'arranged in a row arrangement; say in an overlay configuration. As visible in these figures, the switching element 6 'is mounted sliding in the casing 5 transversely to the busbars 1 ', the switching contacts 8' carried by the switching element 6 'coming into the space left free between the phase contact of each busbar 1' and each earth contact (not shown in these figures). Figure 4 shows the switching element 6 'when the earthing switch is closed and Figure 5 shows the switching element 6' when the earthing switch is open.

L'élément de commutation 6' est composé d'un support 7' coulissant, ici une barre en matière isolante, sur lequel sont fixés selon une configuration en rangée trois contacts de commutation 8' similaires à ceux présentés pour les figures 1 à 3.The switching element 6 'is composed of a sliding support 7', here a bar of insulating material, on which are fixed in a row configuration three switching contacts 8 'similar to those shown for Figures 1 to 3.

On a représenté sur les figures 4 et 5 un mécanisme 9' transformant un mouvement rotatif autour d'un axe de rotation R' d'un levier 11' en un mouvement en translation d'une bielle 10' reliée à articulation au support 7' qui est guidé en translation dans un plan perpendiculaire aux barres 1' par des guides 12'. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, l'axe de rotation R' ainsi que les contacts de terre (non représentés) sont montés dans un couvercle qui ferme l'extrémité de l'enveloppe 5.FIGS. 4 and 5 show a mechanism 9 'transforming a rotary movement about an axis of rotation R' of a lever 11 'into a translational movement of a connecting rod 10' connected to the support 7 ' which is guided in translation in a plane perpendicular to the bars 1 'by guides 12'. In this exemplary embodiment, the axis of rotation R 'as well as the earth contacts (not shown) are mounted in a cover which closes the end of the envelope 5.

Pour mettre les barres conductrices 1' à la terre, l'élément de commutation 6' mobile effectue une translation et les contacts de commutation 8' viennent s'insérer transversalement à l'axe des barres conductrices 1' dans l'espace laissé libre entre les contacts de phase des barres conductrices 1' et les contacts de terre. Les contacts 8' assurent alors la connexion électrique entre les contacts de phase des barres conductrices 1' et les contacts de terre 2'.To put the busbars 1 'to ground, the movable switching element 6' translates and the switching contacts 8 'are inserted transversely to the axis of the busbars 1' in the free space between the phase contacts of the conducting bars 1 'and the earth contacts. The contacts 8 'then provide the electrical connection between the phase contacts of the busbars 1' and the earth contacts 2 '.

Sur les figures 6 à 8, on a représenté un sectionneur de terre monophasé avec un élément de commutation 6" mobile rotatif .FIGS. 6 to 8 show a single-phase earthing switch with a rotating mobile switching element 6 ".

Le principe de fonctionnement du sectionneur de terre est le même que celui décrit en relation avec les figures 1 à 3. Comme visible sur les figures 6 à 8, le sectionneur de terre comprend dans l'enveloppe 5 une seule barre conductrice 1" (avec un contact de phase 1A'') coaxiale à l'enveloppe tubulaire 5 et un seul contact de terre 2'' disposé dans le prolongement axial de la barre 1" et monté traversant dans le couvercle 3'' fermant l'enveloppe 5''. L'élément de commutation 6'' porte un seul contact de commutation 8'' tel qu'il a déjà été décrit ci-dessus et est monté sur un support 7'' en matière isolante, ici une branche en matière isolante montée sur un axe de rotation R" traversant le couvercle 3''.The operating principle of the earthing switch is the same as that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. As visible in FIGS. 6 to 8, the earthing switch comprises in the casing 5 a single conducting bar 1 "(with a phase contact 1A '') coaxial with the tubular envelope 5 and a single earth contact 2 '' disposed in the axial extension of the bar 1 "and mounted through the cover 3 '' closing the envelope 5 '' . The switching element 6 '' carries a single switching contact 8 '' as already described above and is mounted on a support 7 '' of insulating material, here a branch of insulating material mounted on a axis of rotation R "through the lid 3".

Sur les figures 7 et 8, on voit la position centrale de l'unique barre conductrice 1'' et la position excentrée de l'axe de rotation R''.In Figures 7 and 8, we see the central position of the single conductor bar 1 "and the eccentric position of the axis of rotation R".

Comme on peut le comprendre, la commande du sectionneur de terre selon l'invention vient en prise sur l'axe de rotation R,R',R'' et est de préférence disposée sur le côté extérieur du couvercle fermant l'enveloppe et donc dans le prolongement longitudinal de l'enveloppe ce qui contribue encore à l'obtention d'une grande compacité du sectionneur selon l'invention.As can be understood, the control of the earthing switch according to the invention is engaged on the axis of rotation R, R ', R''and is preferably arranged on the outside of the lid closing the envelope and therefore in the longitudinal extension of the envelope which further contributes to obtaining a high compactness of the disconnector according to the invention.

Sur les figures 9 à 11, on a représenté une autre disposition d'un sectionneur de terre monophasé selon l'invention agencé pour être installé sur un tronçon de la barre conductrice. Un tel sectionneur peut se présenter sous la forme d'un module avec une enveloppe cylindrique suffisamment courte pour pouvoir accéder au montage ou au démontage des éléments du sectionneur. Cette enveloppe entoure une barre conductrice pouvant être maintenue en position de façon classique par des supports isolants tels que par exemple deux cônes isolants fixés aux deux extrémités de l'enveloppe. Un tel module sectionneur de terre est alors destiné à être intercalé de façon étanche entre deux appareils blindés (à isolation au gaz) ou entre un tronçon de ligne et un appareil blindés.In Figures 9 to 11, there is shown another arrangement of a single-phase earthing switch according to the invention arranged to be installed on a section of the conductor bar. Such a disconnector may be in the form of a module with a cylindrical envelope sufficiently short to be able to access the assembly or disassembly of the elements of the disconnector. This envelope surrounds a conductive bar that can be held in position conventionally by insulating supports such as for example two insulating cones attached to both ends of the envelope. Such an earthing switch module is then intended to be interposed in a sealed manner between two shielded appliances (with gas insulation) or between a section of line and a shielded device.

Selon cette disposition du sectionneur, le contact de terre 2''' et le contact de phase 1'''A ne sont pas alignés avec l'axe de la barre conductrice 1'''. Le contact de phase 1'''A est fixé sur le flanc de la barre conductrice tandis que le contact de terre 2'''' est fixé dans l'enveloppe 5 face au contact de phase, ces deux contacts étant alignés transversalement à la barre conductrice en laissant un espace libre E''' entre eux. L'élément de commutation 6''' qui est rotatif comprend un contact de commutation 8''' qui est fixé sur un support rotatif 7''' autour d'un axe de rotation R''' traversant la paroi cylindrique de l'enveloppe. Le support rotatif 7''' est au moins en partie constitué d'un matériau isolant.According to this arrangement of the disconnector, the earth contact 2 '' 'and the phase contact 1' '' A are not aligned with the axis of the conducting bar 1 '' '. The phase contact 1 '' 'A is fixed on the side of the conductive bar while the earth contact 2' '' 'is fixed in the envelope 5 facing the phase contact, these two contacts being aligned transversely to the conductive bar leaving a free space E '' 'between them. The switching element 6 '' 'which is rotatable comprises a switching contact 8' '' which is fixed on a rotatable support 7 '' 'about an axis of rotation R' '' passing through the cylindrical wall of the envelope. The rotary support 7 '' 'is at least partly made of an insulating material.

Sur la figure 9, le sectionneur de terre est fermé et le contact de commutation est inséré entre les contacts de phase et de terre dans l'espace libre E'''. La figure 10 montre le sectionneur de terre de la figure 9 en position ouverte tandis que la figure 11 montre le sectionneur de terre en position ouverte mais vu de dessus. Comme visible sur la figure 11, l'axe de rotation R''' du support rotatif 7''' est naturellement décalé de l'axe de la barre conductrice 1''' et le support rotatif 7''' est maintenu en position par un palier P fixé à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe et par une traversée étanche TR par laquelle le support rotatif 7''' ressort de l'enveloppe pour être couplé à un organe de commande. Il n'est pas nécessaire que la partie du support 7''' qui traverse l'enveloppe au niveau de la traversée étanche TR soit en un matériau isolant, et cette partie peut avantageusement être séparable du restant du support 7''' afin de faciliter le montage de l'essentiel du support par l'intérieur de l'enveloppe.In FIG. 9, the earthing switch is closed and the switching contact is inserted between the phase and earth contacts in the free space E '''. Figure 10 shows the earthing switch of Figure 9 in the open position while Figure 11 shows the earthing switch in the open position but seen from above. As can be seen in FIG. 11, the axis of rotation R '''of the rotary support 7''' is naturally offset from the axis of the conducting bar 1 '''and the rotary support 7''' is held in position by a bearing P fixed inside the casing and by a leaktight passage TR through which the rotary support 7 '''emerges from the casing to be coupled to a control member. It is not necessary for the part of the support 7 '''which passes through the envelope at the level of the leaktight crossing TR to be made of an insulating material, and this part may advantageously be separable from the remainder of the support 7''' in order to facilitate the mounting of most of the support by the inside of the envelope.

Le contact de terre 2''' est isolé électriquement de l'enveloppe par un tube isolant T''' similaire au tube T représenté sur la figure 1A. On a représenté sur la figure 11, un contact élastique CE''' sur lequel vient en contact électrique le contact de commutation 8''' quand le sectionneur est complètement ouvert. Comme mentionné précédemment pour les contacts élastiques CE visibles sur les figures 2 et 3, on évite ainsi que le contact de commutation 8''' soit à un potentiel flottant dans la position d'ouverture complète du sectionneur.The earth contact 2 '' 'is electrically insulated from the casing by an insulating tube T' '' similar to the tube T shown in FIG. 1A. FIG. 11 shows an elastic contact CE '' 'on which the switching contact 8' '' comes into electrical contact when the disconnector is fully open. As mentioned above for the elastic contacts CE visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is thus possible to prevent the switching contact 8 '' 'from being at a floating potential in the fully open position of the disconnector.

Bien entendu, cette disposition du sectionneur de terre peut être étendue facilement à un sectionneur de terre triphasé, et plus facilement en particulier à un sectionneur de terre pour trois barres conductrices superposées dans une même enveloppe. De même que pour la disposition précédente pour un sectionneur monophasé, on peut utiliser un support rotatif formé en partie par une tige isolante qui est décalée du plan contenant les trois axes des barres conductrices. Chacun des trois contacts de commutation est alors porté par une branche isolante solidaire de la tige et est ainsi mobile dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan des barres. On peut prévoir une réalisation modulaire d'un tel sectionneur de terre triphasé, avec les avantages d'une commande unique pour mettre à la terre les trois phases et d'une relative compacité.Of course, this arrangement of the earthing switch can be easily extended to a three-phase earthing switch, and more easily in particular to an earthing switch for three conductive bars superimposed in the same envelope. As for the previous arrangement for a single-phase disconnector, it is possible to use a rotary support formed in part by an insulating rod which is offset from the plane containing the three axes of the busbars. Each of the three switching contacts is then carried by an insulating branch integral with the rod and is thus movable in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the bars. It is possible to provide a modular embodiment of such a three-phase earthing switch, with the advantages of a single control for grounding the three phases and of relative compactness.

Il est évident que l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits et représentés et qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemples ; en particulier, on peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, modifier certaines dispositions ou remplacer certains moyens par des moyens équivalents ou encore remplacer certains éléments par d'autres susceptibles d'assurer la même fonction technique ou une fonction technique équivalente.It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and shown and which have been given only as examples; in particular, it is possible, without departing from the scope of the invention, to modify certain provisions or to replace certain means by equivalent means or else to replace certain elements by others capable of providing the same technical function or an equivalent technical function.

Claims (18)

  1. A high or medium voltage gas insulated earthing switch comprising at least one conducting bar (1, 1', 1", 1''', 1'''') in a hermetically sealed enclosure (5) that will be filled with a dielectrically insulating gas, with a corresponding earthing contact (2, 2", 2' ' ' , 2' ' ' ' ), a phase contact (1A, 1'A, 1' ' ' A) fixed to the said bar that will be electrically connected to the earthing contact to earth the said bar, characterised in that the earthing contact (2, 2", 2' ' ' , 2' ' ' ' ) is installed fixed in the enclosure (5) facing the phase contact (1A, 1'A, 1"'A), leaving a free space (E, E"') between this phase contact and the earthing contact, and in that a switching element (6, 6', 6", 6' ' ' ) is installed free to move in the enclosure between the phase contact and the earthing contact, this switching element comprising firstly a switching contact (8, 8', 8", 8"', 18, 28) that short circuits the space left free (E, E"') between the phase contact and the earthing contact to electrically connect the earthing contact and the phase contact when the earthing switch is closed, and secondly an at least partly electrically insulating support (7, 7', 7"') on which the switching contact is fixed such that the switching contact is electrically isolated from the phase contact and from the earthing contact when the earthing switch is in an open position.
  2. The earthing switch according to claim 1, in which the earthing contact (2, 2") and the phase contact (1A, 1'A) are aligned with the axis of the conducting bar.
  3. The earthing switch according to claim 2, in which the earthing contact (2, 2") and the phase contact (1A, 1'A) are arranged along the axial extension of each conducting bar.
  4. The earthing switch according to claim 2 or 3, in which the switching contact (8, 8', 8") is free to move transverse to the conducting bar.
  5. The earthing switch according to any one of the previous claims, comprising three parallel conducting bars (1) arranged in an equilateral triangle configuration and in which the switching element (6) is installed rotating around a rotation axis (R) arranged at the centre of the triangle.
  6. The earthing switch according to claim 5, in which the switching element (6) comprises three switching contacts (8) installed according to a delta configuration on a rotating support (7).
  7. The earthing switch according to claim 6, in which the rotating support (7) is a star-shaped support with three arms, each made of an electrically insulating material.
  8. The earthing switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the switching element (6) is installed rotating on a cover (3, 3") closing the enclosure.
  9. The earthing switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising three parallel conducting bars (1') arranged in a row and in which the switching element (6') is installed free to slide in the enclosure transverse to the conducting bars (1').
  10. The earthing switch according to claim 9, in which the switching element (6') comprises three switching contacts (8') arranged in a row on a sliding support (7').
  11. The earthing switch according to claim 10, in which the sliding support (7') is a bar made of an insulating material.
  12. The earthing switch according to one of the previous claims, in which the switching contact (8, 8', 8") comprises elastically deformable contact pins.
  13. The earthing switch according to claim 12, in which each switching contact (8, 8', 8") is U-shaped with the elastic contact pins arranged at each end of an arm of the U, such that the current circulating in one arm is opposite to the current circulating in the other arm, when the said switching element connects an earthing contact to a phase contact.
  14. The earthing switch according to claim 12, in which each switching contact (18) is in the form of a closed curve with elastic contact elements arranged at two locations on this closed curve, such that current circulating from one side of the contact to the other is shared between the two halves of this closed curve when the said switching contact connects an earthing contact to a phase contact.
  15. The earthing switch according to claim 12, in which each switching contact is fitted with two switching rods (28A, 28B) fixed to a conducting support (28) of the switching element (6), and each being intended to be inserted in a female tulip-shaped contact (26) of one of the two contacts (1"" , 2'''').
  16. The earthing switch according to claim 15, in which the switching rod (28A) corresponding to the earthing switch (22) is longer than the other rod.
  17. The earthing switch according to one of claims 1 to 16, in which each earthing contact (2, 2 " , 2''') is fixed to the enclosure (5) using an insulating tube (T, T"') so as to electrically isolate this earthing switch from the enclosure.
  18. The earthing switch according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which an elastic contact (CE, CE"') is fixed to the enclosure (5), in order to electrically connect a switching contact (8, 8 ' , 8 " , 8 "' ) to the enclosure (5) when the earthing switch is in a fully open position to avoid this switching contact being at a floating potential.
EP04103896A 2003-08-14 2004-08-12 Earthing switch Expired - Lifetime EP1507274B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0309961 2003-08-14
FR0309961A FR2858879B1 (en) 2003-08-14 2003-08-14 EARTH DISCONNECT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1507274A1 EP1507274A1 (en) 2005-02-16
EP1507274B1 true EP1507274B1 (en) 2006-10-04

Family

ID=33561179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04103896A Expired - Lifetime EP1507274B1 (en) 2003-08-14 2004-08-12 Earthing switch

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6995330B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1507274B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1303733C (en)
AT (1) ATE341828T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004002634T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2858879B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4601487B2 (en) * 2005-05-02 2010-12-22 三菱電機株式会社 Gas insulated switchgear
FR2892225B1 (en) 2005-10-14 2008-09-12 Areva T & D Ag EAR DISCONNECT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH EARTH DISCONNECT
EP2169794A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-31 Eaton Electric B.V. Switching installation with arc protection and arc protection method
JP5546338B2 (en) * 2010-04-30 2014-07-09 三菱電機株式会社 Gas insulated instrument transformer
CN102568918A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-11 沈阳工业大学 Three-phase rotation type double-fracture vacuum arc extinguishing chamber
CN102496495B (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-04-30 施耐德万高（天津）电气设备有限公司 Energy storage spring operating mechanism for low-voltage disconnecting switch
CN110137021B (en) * 2018-02-09 2024-05-03 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 Transformer system including a transformer tractor

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3126745A1 (en) * 1981-07-02 1983-01-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München THREE-POLE CABLE CONNECTION UNIT FOR A THREE-POLE METAL-ENCLOSED, COMPRESSED-GAS-INSULATED HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
CN85103335B (en) * 1985-05-15 1987-11-18 株式会社日立制作所 Earthed switch of the switch device of gas isolation
GB2193843B (en) * 1986-07-25 1990-05-16 Abimer Pty Ltd Medium voltage switches
SE515106C2 (en) * 1994-11-28 2001-06-11 Abb Ab Electric coupler for providing a quick short circuit and use of such an electric coupler
DE19612273C1 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-02 E I B S A Switch contact-pair for medium and high voltage load disconnecting switch of overhead lines, transformers. HV motors and capacitors etc
FR2805406B1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2002-08-23 Alstom THREE-POSITION ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH AN AXIALLY MOBILE SWITCHING ELEMENT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2858879A1 (en) 2005-02-18
US20050035087A1 (en) 2005-02-17
FR2858879B1 (en) 2005-10-21
EP1507274A1 (en) 2005-02-16
CN1303733C (en) 2007-03-07
DE602004002634T2 (en) 2007-08-16
CN1581617A (en) 2005-02-16
ATE341828T1 (en) 2006-10-15
DE602004002634D1 (en) 2006-11-16
US6995330B2 (en) 2006-02-07

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