FR2676077A1 - MODULAR PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE DRY ERECTION OF SUPPORTING ARTICLES, CONSTRUCTION WORK OBTAINED FROM THE SAME, AND METHOD OF DRY ERECTING THE SAME. - Google Patents

Abstract

- Construction block. - The invention relates to a modular prefabricated element comprising locking means arranged on the retaining face (7) of the element (1) and consisting of self-engaging means comprising: . at least one male shaped component (11), . and at least one female shaped component (12), the said shaped components (11, 12) being arranged opposite each other on the retaining face (7) so as to engage automatically respectively with the female (12) and male (11) shaped components of the elements directly above and below, in order to withstand the tension force (Fb) resulting from the mass (27) to be retained and from the retaining shell behind the said shell. - Self-engaging construction block.

Description

MODULAR PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE DRY ERECTION OF WORKS OF

  SUPPORT, CONSTRUCTION WORK REALIZED FROM THE SAID

  ELEMENT, AND METHOD FOR DRY ERECTING SAID WORK

  The present invention relates to the general technical field of the building, and the realization of construction works made from modular prefabricated elements

dry assembled.

  The invention relates more particularly to a modular prefabricated element whose stacking in dry bunk beds allows the realization of construction works, such as retaining structures or submerged of all types, such as, for example, walls or walls, dikes, pier walls,

pavements, pavings or other.

  The invention also relates to structures made from prefabricated modular elements, as well as to the method

  dry erection of the construction work.

  To produce retaining structures or submerged, such as those mentioned above, it is known to use prefabricated building elements of the modular type, usually made of reinforced concrete or not and intended to be placed on field in bunk beds It is also known to use more traditional methods using the wall-weight masonry or cyclopean concrete

  or, again, reinforced concrete walls cast in place.

  Among all the solutions currently available for the erection of retaining structures or immersed, the practitioner is, in many cases, faced with a problem of completion times related, for example, to the occurrence of landslide phenomena or slip of slope or to the development of access tracks or temporary deviations of roadway or the immediate protection of building sites during earthworks In such cases, the imperative need to implement very quickly a work of For example, the construction of the retaining wall type leads the practitioner to eliminate, almost automatically, the traditional processes using a cast-in-place concrete construction structure. In fact, these traditional methods require lengthy preparatory work, such as than the formwork and, in addition, they require a minimum period of hardening after setting up such deadlines are, of course incompatible with the essential constraint required, namely the speed of

place of a retaining structure.

  In most cases, the practitioner is consequently led to resort to the dry stacking of modular prefabricated concrete blocks or elements, these elements being, because of their prefabrication, immediately available and

  relatively easy and fast implementation.

  The establishment of these independent block elements by successive stacking in bunk beds, however, has the major drawback of having to make thick retaining structures, if one wants to ensure stability, in accordance with the rules the art of sizing this type of structure (walls-weight) The need to resort to significant dimensioning obviously has a negative impact on the total cost of the structure and any reduction in technically unfounded thickness,

  also, negatively, on the stability of the structure.

  The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a modular prefabricated element for the dry erection of construction works that do not have the disadvantages of the elements of the prior art mentioned above and which make it possible, in particular, to reduce the thickness of the construction work

  without compromising the stability of the whole.

  Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element for containing the traction force

  developed on the structure outside the retaining wall.

  Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element whose implementation proves simple, safe, fast and able to ensure accurate positioning of the different

  elements relative to each other.

  The present invention also relates to a method for producing a retaining structure or immersed from the prefabricated modular elements, said method being implemented

  particularly simple, fast and safe.

  The different objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a modular prefabricated element for the erection of retaining structures or immersed, said element having a support face facing towards the mass to be supported and being intended to be disposed side by side and in bunk beds to form the structure and forming a retaining wall, each element having locking means, capable of acting in relation to the locking means of the elements immediately above or below, to ensure stability of the structure, characterized in that: the locking means are disposed on the support face of the element and consist of self-locking means comprising: at least one male conformation, and at least one female conformation, arranged in opposition on the retaining face to come automatically engage respectively with the female and male conformations of the elements imm higher and lower, so as to contain the tensile force resulting from the mass to be supported and the retaining

the back of said veil.

  The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method of dry erection of a retaining structure or immersed from prefabricated modular elements, characterized in that it consists of: to put in place in the traditional way at least one work sole having at least one male conformation on its retaining face, to hang and hoist the modular element, to put in place at the end of a lifting means, in such a way that the element has its downward-facing female conformation, to bring the modular element upwards and in a position of relative alignment with the soleplate to align the male and female conformations, to adjust the presentation of the modular element by displacement so that its female conformation comes gradually in contact with the male conformation or conformation of the sole, to achieve their progressive self-engagement, which element is complete when the modular element is in place on the sole, to detach the modular element of the lifting means and proceed to the establishment of other elements of support according to the same principle, until

the total erection of the work.

  Various other features emerge from the

  description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which

  show, by way of non-limiting examples, forms of

  accomplishment of the object of the invention.

  FIG 1 shows, in a perspective view, a first embodiment of a prefabricated modular element according to the invention provided with lugs and a flange

having recesses.

  FIG. 2 shows, in a perspective view, a second alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising two lugs and a flange in

fell back to "T".

  FIG. 3 shows, in a perspective view, a third alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising a projecting edge

  and a sloping flange with longitudinal engagement.

  FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively show, according to a front view and in a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 4, the details of the variant represented in FIG.

fig 1.

  FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively show, according to a front view and a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, the details of embodiment of the variant represented in FIG.

fig 2.

  FIGS. 8 and 9 respectively show, according to a front view and a cross-sectional view along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8, the details of embodiment of the variant

represented in FIG.

  FIG. 10 shows, according to a side view, a retaining structure according to the invention and consisting of a stack

  1-5 successive modular prefabricated elements.

  Figures 11 and 12 show, in front views, two types of retaining structures made from prefabricated modular elements according to the invention showing

  respectively a work with aligned joints and cross joints.

  FIG. 13 shows, in a transverse section, the elongation of a work base with the aid of an element

  prefabricated modular according to the invention.

  The modular prefabricated element 1, shown in FIG. 1, comprises a main body 2 forming a block, of general shape, comparable to, for example, a polyhedron, and preferably constituted by a cubic or parallelepipedic body. The latter delimits, a lower face 3 constituting the base of the main body 2, side faces 4, an outer facing face 5, an upper bearing face 6 and a retaining face 7 facing the mass to be supported and intended for The main body 2 can be made of any materials suitable for construction and prefabrication

  by molding and be, for example, cast concrete.

  The faces thus defined are generally flat but

  may have hollow or protruding volume variations.

  Each modular prefabricated element 1 comprises on its retaining face 7, locking means for cooperating and acting in relation to identical locking means present on another modular prefabricated element disposed in the structure to be constituted, in position immediately. These locking means are constituted by self-locking means and comprise at least one male conformation 11 and at least one female conformation 12, arranged in opposition on the support face 7 respectively at its upper part and its lower part close to of the base 3 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the male conformations 11 are two in number and consist of two lugs aligned with each other, extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plan of the retaining face 7 from the upper part of said face The lugs are constituted preferentially The trunnions 11 are advantageously arranged in the first quarter and in the last quarter of the length of the retaining face 7. The female conformation 12 is constituted by a drop-in flange 13 which can be assimilated. to a rectangular parallelepiped secured by its upper part of the lower part of the retaining face 7 and extending from the latter in a main extension plane parallel to the plane defining the retaining face 7 The flange in fall 13 s extends for the greater part below the lower limit of the main body 2 defined by the plane of extension of its main base 3 Two recesses 14, of shape and dimensions adapted to those of the lugs 11, and in this case identical fruit at the truncated pyramid lugs 11, are formed in the body of the flange 13, at a lower level than the base 3 The provision of the locking means 11, 12, outside the support polygon of the main body 2, allows a self-engagement of the male and female conformations outside said polygon and the maintenance of the forces of

pull out of that same polygon.

  The embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 differs from that shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 only by a distinct female conformation 12. The latter can be likened to a "T" -shaped drop-down flange whose main leg 15, for example of square or rectangular section, is secured by its upper end 15a of the lower part of the retaining face 7 The dimensions and, in particular, the cross section of the leg 15 are such that they allow a passage of said jamb 15 between the two pins 11 of another modular element in case of combination of the two elements The jamb 15 extends, therefore, from the support face 7, partly below the lower limit of the base 3 such that the end bar 16 of the "T" -shaped flange preferably extends in a plane parallel to the retaining face 7 and a sufficient distance from the lateral ends of the shank. The latter are intended to cooperate with conjugate surfaces present on the male conformations 11 belonging to an immediately lower modular element in

the construction work.

  The embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 3, 8 and 9 differs from the two previous variants in a particular structure of the male 11 and female 12 conformations forming the self-locking system. The male conformation 11 consists of a projecting rim. 20, with respect to the plane of extension of the retaining face 7 defining a front face 21, preferably parallel to the retaining face 7, and an upper face extending, also preferably, in a

  same plane, the upper face 6 of the main body 2.

  Advantageously, the projecting edge 20 has lateral faces extending, in the same plane, the lateral faces 4 of the main body 2. The female conformation 12 consists of a drop-shaped flange extending at least partly under the base 3. from the lower part of the retaining face 7 The drooped flange 13 defines with the surface of the base 3 a "U" shaped cross-sectional flange, the two wings of the "U" respectively being constituted by a on the other hand, by a dropped edge 25 extending from the rear face 26 of the flange 13. Of course, the dimensions and the profile of the "U" flange are adapted to the dimensions and profiles of the projecting edge 20, so as to ensure their

self-locking respective.

  In the preceding examples, the modular prefabricated elements 1 are similar in shape to a rectangular parapeloid, but it is obvious that other forms of the main body 2 are feasible and the main body could thus be made, for example, in the form of a block hexagonal base, octagonal, pentagonal, etc. It is also obvious that instead of pyramid shaped trunk-shaped lugs, other forms of lugs, cylindrical type,

  cubic or other are achievable -

  In the same way, the material used for the manufacture and production of prefabricated blocks can be made not only from reinforced concrete, but also from other materials

of the resin type, for example.

  FIG. 10 shows a retaining structure consisting of a wall made from the dry stack of superimposed beds of several prefabricated modular elements. The outer envelope defined by the stack of all the main bodies 2 defines the veil The retaining wall rests on a sole 28, preferably buried partially in the ground and comprising, in its upper part, a bearing zone 29 of section substantially equivalent to the base 3. of each modular element, so as to support the first element of the wall The bearing zone 29 also defines a facing face 30 and a retaining face 31, from which extends at least one similar male conformation 11 to that previously defined Such a conformation is intended to act in relation to a female conformation 12 of the modular prefabricated element resting on the support zone 29, so as to achieve

  The relative self-locking of the two blocks.

  The method of dry erection of a retaining structure or submerged type, such as that shown in FIG.

as follows.

  The method consists, in the first place, in putting in place, by all appropriate means and generally in a traditional manner, at least one sole 28 having at least one male conformation 11 on its retaining face 31. The method then consists of to set up each prefabricated modular element 1, individually and successively, according to a very precise sequence of steps corresponding to displacements of each element 1, materialized by the lines in

dotted line in fig 10.

  The method consists, first, in hooking each element 1 to a lifting means not shown in the figures and including, for example, a crane to which the element 1 is connected by slings 33 fixed, preferably in two Preferably, the attachment will be carried out in such a way that the modular prefabricated element 1 has, as shown in position A 1 in FIG. 10, its base 3 with an inclination relative to the support face 6, generally horizontal, of each lower prefabricated element on which it must rest The attachment point will also be chosen advantageously so that the inclination is such that the female conformation 12 is directed downwards in the direction the male conformation to engage and is on the lowest side of the inclined base 3 The method consists, then, in hoisting the modular element to be put in place at the end of the lifting means e and bring it above and in relative alignment position, as shown in the position A 1, with the sole 28 or the lower modular element on which said element to be put in place must rest. this positioning step, the male and female conformations must be prepositioned in relative alignment The next step is to gradually adjust the presentation of the modular element by moving the lifting means so that the female conformation 12 comes, also, gradually in contact with the male conformation (s) 11 of the sole 28 or the modular element

  prefabricated 1 on which must rest the element to put in place.

  Such a presentation adjustment phase is shown, for example, in the position A 2 shown in dashed lines. In such an alignment position, the female conformation 12 is in such a way that its recesses 14 or its bearing faces 17 or fallen edges 25 and posterior faces 26 come gradually into contact with the lugs 11 and their conjugate receiving face, so as to initiate the progressive and mutual self-locking of said conformations During all this initiation phase of the self-engagement, the base 3 is always inclined, as shown in the position A 2 The final phase of the process consists, then, to achieve full self-engagement of male and female conformations by tilting, by simple rotation in the direction of the arrow f 1, the element to be put in place so that its base 3 comes to rest in abutment against the bearing surface 6 of the block immediately below This terminal position in which the self-locking is complete is shown by the position A 3 Once the element 1 set up, the method is then to detach the modular element of the lifting means and to proceed to the establishment of a another modular element according to the same principle and the same phases as previously defined until the total erection of the structure

at the desired height.

  The angle of inclination can, of course, be more

  or less pronounced and, ultimately, may be

  engagement of the male and female conformations then being made without rotation towards the rear of the block to be put in place, by simple

sliding back and forth.

  It must also be considered that, in the case of use of prefabricated modular elements such as those shown in FIG. 3, the presentation of the modular element can be effected laterally to the soleplate 28 or to the element on which it must rest, the progressive self-locking being ensured by a longitudinal displacement of the element 1, in the longitudinal direction of the groove defined by the section "U" of the

flange 13.

  It should also be noted that, in the case of the realization of a temporary retaining wall, the removal of the wall takes place in the opposite direction to that previously defined

  prior to hooking and slinging of each block in place.

  The static operation and the distribution of the forces developed in the retaining wall are shown in FIG. 10 The thrust of the slope Q and the weight G of the retaining wall result in the force R the point of intersection C of this resultant force R and the plane formed by the bearing surface of the sole plate 28 is located outside the support web and, in particular, outside the sustension polygon of each block, which contributes to creating the instability at reversal of the first prefabricated modular element resting on the sole 28 The prefabricated modular elements proposed, and in particular the self-locking system produced, remedy this situation by containing the tensile force developed behind the retaining wall This effort Fb applied to the point B under the pin 11 of the sole plate 28a for the vertical direction and cuts the resultant R at the point marked O The resonant R has for other component the force Fa applied to the point of contact A between the first block resting on the soleplate 28 and said soleplate In such a case, the sliding stability resulting from the force Fa is ensured either by friction at point A or by abutment of the flange 13 on the support face 7 of each element on the previously installed element In all cases, the proposed self-locking system allows, compared to the conventional wall-weight, to reduce the thickness of the retaining wall, without however, the stability of the assembly is impaired insofar as the tensile force is contained at the rear of the support veil and the support phase

made.

  FIG. 11 represents, in a front view, a retaining wall made from modular elements according to the invention and stacked dry in aligned joints 40, both

vertically than horizontally.

  FIG. 12 represents, in an identical front view, a retaining wall made from the same modular elements of the invention, but with a successive stack forming cross-joints. In such a case, the male and female conformations of a same element are engaged each respectively with identical conformations belonging to different elements A modular element is in this case linked with four other modular elements, whereas in the embodiment with aligned joints, a modular element is not

  linked only with two other modular elements.

  FIG. 13 represents, in a longitudinal cross-section, a work sole 28 whose support body 28 has on the ground has been lengthened, in order to improve the stability by adding a prefabricated modular element 1, of the type In such a case, the support body 28 has, on its upper face, at least one, and preferably, two male conformations 11, such as lugs extending substantially vertically to The modular element 1 is disposed with its facing face 5 resting on the ground, the male and female conformations 11, 12 extending from the opposite face 7 The modular element 1 is wedged by its face 3 against the vertical face of the bearing body 28a, the flange 13 coming back to engage with the lugs 11 of the bearing body 28a and thus lock integrally

two units.

  The invention is not limited to the examples described and represented, since various modifications can be made to it.

without leaving his frame.

Claims (12)

CLAIMS:   1 modular prefabricated element (1) for the erection of retaining structures or immersed, said element (1) having a retaining face (7) facing towards the ground (27) to be supported and being intended to be disposed of with other prefabricated modular elements (1) identical, side by side and in bunk beds to constitute the structure and form a retaining wall, each element (1) comprising locking means (11, 12), able to act, in relation with the locking means (11, 12) of the elements immediately above or below, to ensure the stability of the structure, characterized in that: the locking means (11, 12) are arranged on the retaining face (7) of the element (1) and constituted by self-locking means comprising: at least one male conformation (11), and at least one female conformation (12), said conformations (11, 12) being arranged in opposition on the face of support (7) for r come automatically engage respectively with the female conformations (12) and male (11) immediately higher and lower elements, so as to contain the tensile force (Fb) resulting from the mass (27) to support and the veil of retaining in the back of said veil.   Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the male (11) and female (12) conformations extend from the retaining face (7), outside the lifting polygon defined by the main body (2) of each element (1) prefabricated.   3 element according to claim 2, characterized in that the female conformation (12) consists of a sloping flange (13) extending partly under the base (3) of the body principal (2).   4 Element according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as a male conformation, at least one and preferably two lugs (11) extending from the upper part of the retaining face (7) and , as female conformation (12), at least one and preferably two recesses (14) of shape and dimension adapted to those of said lugs (11), said recesses (14) being formed in the flange   in fallout (13) and in its portion extending under the base (13).   Element according to Claim 4, characterized in that the lugs (11) are in the form of a truncated pyramid with a rectangular base and the recesses (14) have an identical fruit to that of the lugs (11).   6 Element according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as a male conformation, two lugs (11) extending from the upper part of the retaining face (7) and, as a female conformation , a flange in "T" fallout whose jamb (15) is secured by one end of the retaining face (7) and of thickness less than the distance between the two lugs (11) and whose end base (16 ) extends parallel to the retaining face (7) to define a bearing surface (17) and blocking surface intended to rest   against the two lugs (11) of another element (1).   7 Element according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as a male conformation, a projecting rim (20) and, as a female conformation, a drop-shaped flange (13) forming a dropped edge (25) extending at a distance and under the base (3) to form a "U" profile flange and of dimensions adapted to receive the projecting rim (20) another element (1).   8 element according to claim 7, characterized in that the projecting edge (20) extends from the upper face (6) of the main body (2) that it extends above the support face (7).   9 Retaining or submerged structure comprising a dry stack of bunk beds of modular elements   prefabricated units (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,   from at least one sole (28) comprising at least one self-locking male conforming bone with the female conformation   modular element immediately suppposed.   Structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the modular elements are encircled in crossed joints or in aligned joints.   11 Method of dry erecting a retaining structure or immersed from prefabricated modular elements conforming to   one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it consite:   to implement in a traditional way at least one footing having at least one male conformation on its support face, to hang and hoist the modular element, to put in place at the end of a lifting means, to in such a way that the element has its downwardly directed female conformation, bringing the modular element upwards and in a position of relative alignment with the soleplate to align the male and female conformations, to adjust the presentation of the element. modularly movable so that its female conformation comes gradually in contact with the male or the conformations of the sole, to achieve their progressive self-engagement, which is complete when the modular element is in place on the sole, to detach the 'modular element of the lifting means and proceed to the establishment of other support elements according to the same principle, up to the total erection of the work.   12 Process according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists in hooking the modular element so that it has its base with an inclination (a) with respect to the bearing face (6)   of the element immediately below.   Method according to claim 12, characterized in that it consists in: hooking the modular element so that it presents its base with an inclination, the female conformation being on the lowest side of the inclined base, to adjust the presentation of the modular element by ensuring the engagement of the male and female conformations, while maintaining in an inclined position the base of said element, then to ensure the progressive self-engagement of the conformations by rotating said element so that its base tilted come gradually rest against the surface   of support of the element immediately below.   14-Process according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists in: bringing the modular element above and laterally of the sole, to adjust the presentation by moving longitudinally and progressively the modular element so that the male conformations and females slid into each other thereby realizing progressive self-locking.   A method according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists in extending the footing with a prefabricated modular element resting by its facing face on the ground and coupled by its female conformations with   male conformations extending from the work sole.