EP0512932A1 - Prefabricated modular element for the dry erection of retaining walls, construction made with said element and procedure for the dry erection of said structure - Google Patents

Prefabricated modular element for the dry erection of retaining walls, construction made with said element and procedure for the dry erection of said structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512932A1
EP0512932A1 EP92420143A EP92420143A EP0512932A1 EP 0512932 A1 EP0512932 A1 EP 0512932A1 EP 92420143 A EP92420143 A EP 92420143A EP 92420143 A EP92420143 A EP 92420143A EP 0512932 A1 EP0512932 A1 EP 0512932A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conformation
female
modular
male
retaining
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Granted
Application number
EP92420143A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0512932B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Bianco
Patrice Loch
Bruno Resenterra
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BIANCO, MIRANDA
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Bianco Miranda
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Publication of EP0512932A1 publication Critical patent/EP0512932A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of building and the production of construction works produced from modular prefabricated elements assembled dry.
  • the invention relates, more particularly, to a modular prefabricated element the stacking of which in dry bunk beds allows the construction of construction works, of the retaining or submerged works type of all types, such as, for example, walls or walls, dykes, quay walls, pierced, paving, paving or other.
  • the invention also relates to structures made from modular prefabricated elements, as well as the dry erection process of the construction structure.
  • prefabricated building elements of the modular type, generally made of reinforced or unreinforced concrete and intended to be placed on singing in bunk beds. It is also known to have recourse to more traditional methods calling for the production of weight walls in masonry or in cyclopean concrete or, again, in reinforced concrete walls poured in place.
  • the object of the present invention therefore aims to provide a modular prefabricated element for the dry erection of construction works not having the drawbacks of the elements of the prior art mentioned above and making it possible, in particular, to reduce the thickness of the construction work, without compromising the stability of the assembly.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element making it possible to contain the tensile force developed on the structure outside the retaining veil.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element, the implementation of which proves to be simple, safe, rapid and capable of ensuring precise positioning of the different elements relative to each other.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of producing a retaining or submerged structure from prefabricated modular elements, said method being of a particularly simple, rapid and safe implementation.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in a perspective view, a first alternative embodiment of a prefabricated modular element according to the invention provided with lugs and a flange comprising recesses.
  • Fig. 2 shows, in a perspective view, a second alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising two lugs and a flange in the shape of a "T" .
  • Fig. 3 shows, in a perspective view, a third alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising a projecting edge and a drop-down flange with longitudinal engagement.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show, respectively, in a front view and in a transverse sectional view taken according to the line VV of fig. 4, the details of the variant shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show, respectively, in a front view and a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, the details of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show, respectively, in a front view and a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. 8, the details of embodiment of the variant shown in FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 10 shows, in a side view, a retaining structure according to the invention and consisting of a successive stack of modular prefabricated elements.
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show, in front views, two types of retaining structures produced from modular prefabricated elements in accordance with the invention respectively showing a structure with aligned joints and crossed joints.
  • Fig. 13 shows, in a cross section, the elongation of a work sole using a modular prefabricated element according to the invention.
  • the modular prefabricated element 1, shown in fig. 1, comprises a main body 2 forming a block, of general shape comparable, for example, to a polyhedron, and constituted, in the present case, preferably, by a cubic or parallelepipedic body.
  • the latter defines a lower face 3 constituting the base of the main body 2, lateral faces 4, an outer facing face 5, an upper bearing face 6 and a retaining face 7 facing the mass to be supported and intended for the contain.
  • the main body 2 can be made of any material suitable for construction and prefabrication by molding and be, for example, in poured concrete.
  • the faces thus defined are generally flat, but may include variations in hollow or protruding volume.
  • Each modular prefabricated element 1 comprises, on its support face 7, blocking means intended to cooperate and to act in relation to identical blocking means present on another modular prefabricated element disposed in the structure to be formed, in the immediately upper or lower position.
  • blocking means consist of self-engaging means and comprise at least one male conformation 11 and at least one female conformation 12, arranged in opposition on the retaining face 7, respectively at its upper part and at its lower part close to the base 3.
  • the male conformations 11 are two in number and consist of two lugs aligned with respect to each other, extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the retaining face 7, from the upper part of said face.
  • the pins are preferably made up of trunks of pyramids with a rectangular or square base.
  • the two pins 11 are arranged in the first quarter and in the last quarter of the length of the support face 7.
  • the female conformation 12 consists of a drop-back flange 13, similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, integral by its upper part with the lower part of the retaining face 7 and extending, from the latter, in a main extension plane parallel to the plane defining the retaining face 7.
  • the falling flange 13 extends, for the most part, under the lower limit of the main body 2 defined by the extension plane of its main base 3.
  • Two recesses 14, of shape and dimensions adapted to those of the lugs 11 and, in this case, of fruit identical to the trunk of pyramid of the lugs 11, are formed in the body of the flange 13, at a level below the base 3.
  • the arrangement of the blocking means 11, 12, outside the support polygon of the main body 2, allows self-engagement of the male and female conformations outside said polygon and the maintenance of the traction forces outside this same polygon.
  • FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 do differs from that shown in figs. 1, 4 and 5 only by a separate female conformation 12 .
  • the latter can be likened to a falling flange in the shape of a "T" , the main jamb 15, for example of square or rectangular section, is integral, by its upper end 15 a , with the lower part of the support face 7.
  • the dimensions, and in particular the cross section of the leg 15, are such that they allow passage of said leg 15 between the two lugs 11 of another modular element in the event of association of the two elements.
  • the leg 15 extends, consequently, from the retaining face 7, partly under the lower limit of the base 3, so that the end bar 16 of the flange in the shape of "T" extends preferably in a plane parallel to the retaining face 7 and over a sufficient distance from the lateral ends of the leg 15, to form two bearing surfaces 17.
  • the latter are intended to cooperate with conjugated surfaces present on the male conformations 11 belonging to an immediately lower modular element in the construction work.
  • the variant embodiment shown in FIGS. 3, 8 and 9 differs from the two previous variants by a particular structure of the male 11 and female 12 conformations forming the self-engaging system.
  • the male conformation 11 consists of a projecting border 20 relative to the plane of extension of the retaining face 7 defining a front face 21, preferably parallel to the retaining face 7, and an upper face also extending; preferably in the same plane, the upper face 6 of the main body 2.
  • the projecting edge 20 has lateral faces extending, in the same plane, the lateral faces 4 of the main body 2.
  • the female conformation 12 consists of a drop-out flange extending, at least in part, under the base 3, from the lower part of the retaining face 7.
  • the drop-back flange 13 defines, with the surface of base 3 a cross-section flange in "U" shape, the two wings "U” being, respectively, constituted, on the one hand, by the base 3 and, on the other hand, by a fallen edge 25 extending from the rear face 26 of the flange 13.
  • the dimensions and profile of the "U" flange are adapted to the dimensions and profiles of the projecting edge 20, so as to ensure their respective self-engagement.
  • the modular prefabricated elements 1 are of shape similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, but it is obvious that other shapes of the main body 2 are achievable and the main body could thus be produced, for example, in the form of a '' a block with hexagonal, octagonal, pentagonal, etc ... It is also obvious, that in the place of the lugs in the shape of a trunk of pyramid with rectangular base, other forms of lugs, of cylindrical, cubic type or others are achievable.
  • the material used for the manufacture and the production of the prefabricated blocks can be produced, not only based on reinforced concrete, but also based on other materials, of the resins type for example.
  • Fig. 10 shows a retaining structure consisting of a wall produced from the dry stacking in bunk beds of several prefabricated modular elements.
  • the outer envelope defined by the stack of all the main bodies 2, defines the wall retaining veil intended to support an embankment 27.
  • the retaining wall rests on a sole 28, preferably partially buried in the ground and comprising, in its upper part, a support zone 29 of section substantially equivalent to the base 3 of each modular element, so as to support the first element of the wall.
  • the support zone 29 also defines a facing face 30 and a supporting face 31, from which extends at least one male conformation 11 similar to that previously defined. Such a conformation is intended to act in relation to a female conformation 12 of the modular prefabricated element resting on the support zone 29, so to perform the relative self-engagement of the two blocks.
  • the method consists, first of all, of putting in place, by all appropriate means and generally in the traditional way, at least one work sole 28 having at least one male conformation 11 on its support face 31.
  • the method consists, then , to set up each prefabricated modular element 1, individually and successively, according to a series of very precise steps corresponding to displacements of each element 1, materialized by the dotted lines in FIG. 10.
  • the method consists, first of all, of hooking each element 1 to a lifting means, not shown in the figures, and including, for example, a crane to which the element 1 is connected by slings 33 fixed, preferably, at two points on the upper face 6.
  • the attachment will be made so that the modular prefabricated element 1 has, as shown in position A1 in FIG. 10, its base 3 with an inclination ⁇ relative to the support face 6, generally horizontal, of each lower prefabricated element on which it must rest.
  • the attachment point will also be chosen, advantageously, so that the inclination is such that the female conformation 12 is directed downwards in the direction of the male conformation to be engaged and is located on the lowest side of the inclined base 3 .
  • the method then consists in hoisting the modular element to be put in place at the end of the lifting means and bringing it above and in position of relative alignment, as shown in position A1 , with the sole 28 or the lower modular element on which said element to be installed must rest. During this positioning step, the male and female conformations must be prepositioned in relative alignment.
  • the next step is to adjust gradually the presentation of the modular element by displacement of the lifting means so that the female conformation 12 also comes, gradually, in contact with the male conformation (s) 11 of the sole 28 or of the prefabricated modular element 1 on which must rest the element to be put in place.
  • Such a presentation adjustment phase is shown, for example, in the position A2 shown in dotted lines.
  • the female conformation 12 is presented so that its recesses 14 or its bearing faces 17 or fallen edges 25 and rear faces 26 come progressively into contact with the lugs 11 and their mating receiving faces, so as to initiate progressive and mutual self-engagement of said conformations.
  • the base 3 is always inclined, as shown in position A2.
  • the terminal phase of the process then consists in carrying out the complete self-engagement of the male and female conformations by tilting, by simple rotation in the direction of the arrow f1, the element to be put in place so that its base 3 comes rest against the support surface 6 of the immediately lower block.
  • This terminal position, in which the self-engagement is complete, is shown by position A3.
  • the method then consists in detaching the modular element from the lifting means and in carrying out the installation of another modular element according to the same principle and the same phases as previously defined and until the complete erection of the structure at the desired height.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination can, of course, be more or less pronounced and, ultimately, can be zero, the self - engagement of the male and female conformations then taking place without rotation towards the rear of the block to be put in place by simply sliding back and forth.
  • the modular element can be presented laterally to the sole 28 or to the element on which it must rest, the progressive self-engagement being ensured by a longitudinal displacement of the element 1, in the direction longitudinal of the groove defined by section "U" of the flange 13.
  • the static operation and the distribution of the forces developed in the retaining wall are shown in fig. 10.
  • the thrust of the slope Q and the weight G of the retaining veil result in the force R.
  • the point of intersection C of this resulting force R and of the plane formed by the bearing surface of the sole 28 is situated outside the retaining veil and, in particular, outside the support polygon of each block, which contributes to creating instability in the overturning of the first prefabricated modular element resting on the sole 28.
  • This force Fb applied to point B under the lug 11 of the sole 28, has the vertical direction and cuts the resultant R at the point noted 0 .
  • the resultant R has for another component the force Fa applied at the point of contact A between the first block resting on the sole 28 and said sole.
  • the sliding stability, resulting from the force Fa is ensured by friction at point A or, again, by abutment of the flange 13 on the support face 7 of each element on the element previously placed.
  • the proposed self-locking system allows, compared to the conventional wall-weight, to reduce the thickness of the retaining veil, without compromising the stability of the assembly, insofar as the tensile force is contained at the rear of the retaining veil and the retaining phase made.
  • Fig. 11 shows , in a front view, a retaining wall made from modular elements according to the invention and stacked dry in aligned joints 40, both vertically and horizontally.
  • Fig. 13 shows , in a longitudinal cross section, a work sole 28 whose support body 28 a on the ground has been elongated, in order to improve stability by adding a prefabricated modular element 1, of flange type fallout 13 for example.
  • the support body 28 a has, on its upper face at least one and, preferably, two male conformations 11, such as lugs extending substantially vertically from said face.
  • the modular element 1 is arranged with its facing face 5 resting on the ground, the male and female conformations 11, 12 extending from the opposite face 7.
  • the modular element 1 is wedged. by its face 3, against the vertical face of the support body 28 a , the drop-down flange 13 coming to engage with the lugs 11 of the support body 28 a and thus securely lock the two units.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

- Construction block. - The invention relates to a modular prefabricated element comprising locking means arranged on the retaining face (7) of the element (1) and consisting of self-engaging means comprising: . at least one male shaped component (11), . and at least one female shaped component (12), the said shaped components (11, 12) being arranged opposite each other on the retaining face (7) so as to engage automatically respectively with the female (12) and male (11) shaped components of the elements directly above and below, in order to withstand the tension force (Fb) resulting from the mass (27) to be retained and from the retaining shell behind the said shell. - Self-engaging construction block. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine technique général du bâtiment et de la réalisation d'ouvrages de construction réalisés à partir d'éléments préfabriqués modulaires assemblés à sec.The present invention relates to the general technical field of building and the production of construction works produced from modular prefabricated elements assembled dry.

L'invention se rapporte, plus particulièrement, à un élément préfabriqué modulaire dont l'empilement en lits superposés à sec permet la réalisation d'ouvrages de construction, du type ouvrages de soutènement ou immergés de tous types, tels que, par exemple, des murs ou parois, des digues, des murs de quai, perrés, dallages, pavages ou autres.The invention relates, more particularly, to a modular prefabricated element the stacking of which in dry bunk beds allows the construction of construction works, of the retaining or submerged works type of all types, such as, for example, walls or walls, dykes, quay walls, pierced, paving, paving or other.

L'invention concerne, également, des ouvrages réalisés à partir des éléments préfabriqués modulaires, ainsi que le procédé d'érection à sec de l'ouvrage de construction.The invention also relates to structures made from modular prefabricated elements, as well as the dry erection process of the construction structure.

Pour réaliser des ouvrages de soutènement ou immergés, tels que ceux mentionnés ci-dessus, il est connu d'avoir recours à des éléments de construction préfabriqués, du type modulaire, constitués, généralement, en béton armé ou non et destinés à être posés sur chant en lits superposés. Il est, également, connu d'avoir recours à des procédés plus traditionnels faisant appel à la réalisation de murs-poids en maçonnerie ou en béton cyclopéen ou, encore, à des murs en béton armé coulés en place.To make retaining or submerged structures, such as those mentioned above, it is known to use prefabricated building elements, of the modular type, generally made of reinforced or unreinforced concrete and intended to be placed on singing in bunk beds. It is also known to have recourse to more traditional methods calling for the production of weight walls in masonry or in cyclopean concrete or, again, in reinforced concrete walls poured in place.

Parmi toutes les solutions actuellement disponibles pour l'érection d'ouvrages de soutènement ou immergés, le praticien est, dans de nombreux cas, confronté à un problème de délais de réalisation liés, par exemple, à l'apparition de phénomènes d'éboulement ou de glissement de talus ou, encore, à l'aménagement de pistes d'accès ou de déviations provisoires de chaussée ou, encore, à la protection immédiate de chantiers au cours de terrassements.Among all the solutions currently available for the erection of retaining or submerged structures, the practitioner is, in many cases, faced with a problem of lead times linked, for example, to the appearance of landslide phenomena or slope slope or, again, the development of access roads or temporary deviations from the road or, again, the immediate protection of construction sites during earthworks.

Dans de tels cas, la nécessité impérative de mettre en oeuvre très rapidement un ouvrage de construction, du type mur de soutènement par exemple, conduit le praticien à éliminer, de manière quasi automatique, les procédés traditionnels mettant en oeuvre un ouvrage de construction en béton coulé en place. En effet, ces procédés traditionnels exigent des travaux préparatoires longs, tels que le coffrage et, en outre, ils exigent un délai minimal de durcissement après mise en place. De tels délais sont, bien évidemment, incompatibles avec la contrainte essentielle requise, à savoir la rapidité de mise en place d'un ouvrage de soutènement.In such cases, the imperative to quickly implement a construction work, of the retaining wall type for example, leads the practitioner to eliminate, almost automatically, traditional processes using a concrete structure poured in place. Indeed, these traditional processes require long preparatory work, such as formwork and, moreover, they require a minimum time of hardening after installation. Such delays are, of course, incompatible with the essential constraint required, namely the speed of setting up a support structure.

Dans la plupart des cas, le praticien est, en conséquence, conduit à avoir recours à l'empilement à sec de blocs ou éléments préfabriqués modulaires en béton, ces éléments étant, en raison de leur préfabrication, disponibles immédiatement et de mise en oeuvre relativement facile et rapide.In most cases, the practitioner is therefore led to resort to dry stacking of blocks or modular precast concrete elements, these elements being, due to their prefabrication, immediately available and relatively easy to use. easy and fast.

La mise en place de ces éléments de blocs indépendants par empilement successif en lits superposés présente, toutefois, l'inconvénient majeur d'avoir à réaliser des ouvrages de soutènement de forte épaisseur, si l'on veut en assurer la stabilité, conformément aux règles de l'art en matière de dimensionnement de ce type d'ouvrages (murs-poids). La nécessité d'avoir recours à un dimensionnement important influe, bien évidemment, de manière négative, sur le coût total de l'ouvrage et toute diminution d'épaisseur non fondée techniquement influe, également, de manière négative, sur la stabilité de l'ouvrage.The establishment of these independent block elements by successive stacking in bunk beds has, however, the major drawback of having to carry out very thick retaining structures, if one wants to ensure their stability, in accordance with the rules of art in the dimensioning of this type of structure (weight walls). The need for a large dimensioning obviously affects the total cost of the structure in a negative way, and any reduction in thickness that is not technically justified also has a negative impact on the stability of the structure. work.

L'objet de la présente invention vise, en conséquence, à fournir un élément préfabriqué modulaire pour l'érection à sec d'ouvrages de construction ne possédant pas les inconvénients des éléments de l'art antérieur mentionnés précédemment et permettant, notamment, de réduire l'épaisseur de l'ouvrage de construction, sans pour autant nuire à la stabilité de l'ensemble.The object of the present invention therefore aims to provide a modular prefabricated element for the dry erection of construction works not having the drawbacks of the elements of the prior art mentioned above and making it possible, in particular, to reduce the thickness of the construction work, without compromising the stability of the assembly.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à fournir un élément préfabriqué modulaire permettant de contenir l'effort de traction développé sur l'ouvrage en dehors du voile de soutènement.Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element making it possible to contain the tensile force developed on the structure outside the retaining veil.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à fournir un élément préfabriqué modulaire dont la mise en oeuvre s'avère simple, sûre, rapide et apte à assurer un positionnement précis des différents éléments les uns par rapport aux autres.Another object of the invention is to provide a modular prefabricated element, the implementation of which proves to be simple, safe, rapid and capable of ensuring precise positioning of the different elements relative to each other.

La présente invention concerne, également, un procédé de réalisation d'un ouvrage de soutènement ou immergé à partir des éléments modulaires préfabriqués, ledit procédé étant d'une mise en oeuvre particulièrement simple, rapide et sûre.The present invention also relates to a method of producing a retaining or submerged structure from prefabricated modular elements, said method being of a particularly simple, rapid and safe implementation.

Les différents objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un élément préfabriqué modulaire pour l'érection d'ouvrages de soutènement ou immergés, ledit élément comportant une face de soutènement tournée vers la masse à soutenir et étant destinés à être disposés côte à côte et en lits superposés pour constituer l'ouvrage et former un voile de soutènement, chaque élément comportant des moyens de blocage, aptes à agir, en relation avec les moyens de blocage des éléments immédiatement supérieurs ou inférieurs, pour assurer la stabilité de l'ouvrage, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de blocage sont disposés sur la face de soutènement de l'élément et constitués de moyens auto-enclenchables comportant :

  • au moins une conformation mâle,
  • et au moins une conformation femelle, disposées en opposition sur la face de soutènement pour venir s'enclencher automatiquement, respectivement avec les conformations femelles et mâles des éléments immédiatement supérieurs et inférieurs, de manière à contenir l'effort de traction résultant de la masse à soutenir et du voile de soutènement à l'arrière dudit voile.
The various objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a modular prefabricated element for the erection of retaining or submerged structures, said element comprising a retaining face facing the mass to be supported and being intended to be arranged side by side and in bunk beds to form the structure and form a retaining veil, each element comprising blocking means, capable of acting, in relation to the blocking means of the elements immediately above or below, to ensure stability of the structure, characterized in that the locking means are arranged on the support face of the element and consist of self-engaging means comprising:
  • at least one male conformation,
  • and at least one female conformation, arranged in opposition on the retaining face to come to engage automatically, respectively with the female and male conformations of the immediately upper and lower elements, so as to contain the tensile force resulting from the mass to support and retaining veil at the rear of said veil.

Les objets assignés à l'invention sont également atteints à l'aide d'un procédé d'érection à sec d'un ouvrage de soutènement ou immergé à partir d'éléments modulaires préfabriqués, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :

  • à mettre en place de manière traditionnelle au moins une semelle d'ouvrage possédant au moins une conformation mâle sur sa face de soutènement,
  • à accrocher et à hisser l'élément modulaire, à mettre en place au bout d'un moyen de levage, de telle manière que l'élément présente sa conformation femelle dirigée vers le bas,
  • à amener l'élément modulaire au-dessus et en position d'alignement relatif avec la semelle pour aligner les conformations mâles et femelles,
  • à ajuster la présentation de l'élément modulaire par déplacement pour que sa conformation femelle vienne progressivement en contact avec la ou les conformations mâle de la semelle, en vue de réaliser leur auto-enclenchement progressif, lequel élément est complet lorsque l'élément modulaire est en place sur la semelle,
  • à détacher l'élément modulaire du moyen de levage et procéder à la mise en place d'autres éléments de soutènement selon le même principe, jusqu'à l'érection totale de l'ouvrage.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a dry erection process of a retaining structure or submerged from prefabricated modular elements, characterized in that it consists:
  • to put in place in the traditional way at least one work sole having at least one male conformation on its retaining face,
  • to hang and hoist the modular element, put in place at the end of a lifting means, so that the element has its female conformation directed downwards,
  • bringing the modular element above and in position of relative alignment with the sole to align the male and female conformations,
  • to adjust the presentation of the modular element by displacement so that its female conformation comes gradually into contact with the male conformation (s) of the sole, in order to achieve their progressive self-engagement, which element is complete when the modular element is in place on the sole,
  • to detach the modular element from the lifting means and proceed with the installation of other supporting elements according to the same principle, until the complete erection of the structure.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

La fig. 1 montre, selon une vue en perspective, une première variante de réalisation d'un élément modulaire préfabriqué conforme à l'invention muni d'ergots et d'une bride comportant des évidements. Fig. 1 shows, in a perspective view, a first alternative embodiment of a prefabricated modular element according to the invention provided with lugs and a flange comprising recesses.

La fig. 2 montre, selon une vue en perspective, une seconde variante de réalisation d'un élément préfabriqué modulaire conforme à l'invention comportant deux ergots et une bride en retombée en "T". Fig. 2 shows, in a perspective view, a second alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising two lugs and a flange in the shape of a "T" .

La fig. 3 montre, selon une vue en perspective, une troisième variante de réalisation d'un élément préfabriqué modulaire conforme à l'invention comportant une bordure en saillie et une bride en retombée à enclenchement longitudinal. Fig. 3 shows, in a perspective view, a third alternative embodiment of a modular prefabricated element according to the invention comprising a projecting edge and a drop-down flange with longitudinal engagement.

Les fig. 4 et 5 montrent, respectivement, selon une vue de face et selon une vue en coupe tansversale prise selon la ligne V-V de la fig. 4, les détails de la variante représentée à la fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 show, respectively, in a front view and in a transverse sectional view taken according to the line VV of fig. 4, the details of the variant shown in FIG. 1.

Les fig. 6 et 7 montrent, respectivement, selon une vue de face et une vue en coupe prise selon la ligne VII-VII de la fig. 6, les détails de réalisation de la variante représentée à la fig. 2. Figs. 6 and 7 show, respectively, in a front view and a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, the details of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

Les fig. 8 et 9 montrent, respectivement, selon une vue de face et une vue en coupe transversale effectuée selon la ligne IX-IX de la fig. 8, les détails de réalisation de la variante représentée à la fig. 3. Figs. 8 and 9 show, respectively, in a front view and a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. 8, the details of embodiment of the variant shown in FIG. 3.

La fig. 10 montre, selon une vue latérale, un ouvrage de soutènement conforme à l'invention et constitué d'un empilement successif d'éléments préfabriqués modulaires. Fig. 10 shows, in a side view, a retaining structure according to the invention and consisting of a successive stack of modular prefabricated elements.

Les fig. 11 et 12 montrent, selon des vues frontales, deux types d'ouvrages de soutènement réalisés à partir d'éléments préfabriqués modulaires conformes à l'invention montrant respectivement un ouvrage à joints alignés et à joints croisés. Figs. 11 and 12 show, in front views, two types of retaining structures produced from modular prefabricated elements in accordance with the invention respectively showing a structure with aligned joints and crossed joints.

La fig. 13 montre, selon une coupe transversale, l'allongement d'une semelle d'ouvrage à l'aide d'un élément préfabriqué modulaire conforme à l'invention. Fig. 13 shows, in a cross section, the elongation of a work sole using a modular prefabricated element according to the invention.

L'élément préfabriqué modulaire 1, montré à la fig. 1, comprend un corps principal 2 formant bloc, de forme générale assimilable, par exemple, à un polyèdre, et constitué, dans le cas présent, de manière préférentielle, par un corps cubique ou parallélépipèdique. Ce dernier délimite une face inférieure 3 constituant la base du corps principal 2, des faces latérales 4, une face de parement extérieure 5, une face supérieure d'appui 6 et une face de soutènement 7 tournée vers la masse à soutenir et destinée à la contenir. Le corps principal 2 peut être réalisé en tous matériaux appropriés à la construction et à la préfabrication par moulage et être, par exemple, en béton coulé.The modular prefabricated element 1, shown in fig. 1, comprises a main body 2 forming a block, of general shape comparable, for example, to a polyhedron, and constituted, in the present case, preferably, by a cubic or parallelepipedic body. The latter defines a lower face 3 constituting the base of the main body 2, lateral faces 4, an outer facing face 5, an upper bearing face 6 and a retaining face 7 facing the mass to be supported and intended for the contain. The main body 2 can be made of any material suitable for construction and prefabrication by molding and be, for example, in poured concrete.

Les faces ainsi définies sont généralement planes, mais peuvent comporter des variations de volume en creux ou en saillie.The faces thus defined are generally flat, but may include variations in hollow or protruding volume.

Chaque élément préfabriqué modulaire 1 comporte, sur sa face de soutènement 7, des moyens de blocage destinés à coopérer et à agir en relation avec des moyens de blocage identiques présents sur un autre élément préfabriqué modulaire disposé dans l'ouvrage à constituer, en position immédiatement supérieure ou inférieure. Ces moyens de blocage sont constitués de moyens auto-enclenchables et comportent au moins une conformation mâle 11 et au moins une conformation femelle 12, disposées en opposition sur la face de soutènement 7, respectivement à sa partie supérieure et à sa partie inférieure proche de la base 3. Each modular prefabricated element 1 comprises, on its support face 7, blocking means intended to cooperate and to act in relation to identical blocking means present on another modular prefabricated element disposed in the structure to be formed, in the immediately upper or lower position. These blocking means consist of self-engaging means and comprise at least one male conformation 11 and at least one female conformation 12, arranged in opposition on the retaining face 7, respectively at its upper part and at its lower part close to the base 3.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation montré à la fig. 1, les conformations mâle 11 sont au nombre de deux et constituées de deux ergots alignés l'un par rapport à l'autre, s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la face de soutènement 7, à partir de la partie supérieure de ladite face. les ergots sont constitués, préférentiellement, de troncs de pyramides à base rectangulaire ou carrée. Avantageusement, les deux ergots 11 sont disposés dans le premier quart et dans le dernier quart de la longueur de la face de soutènement 7. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the male conformations 11 are two in number and consist of two lugs aligned with respect to each other, extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the retaining face 7, from the upper part of said face. the pins are preferably made up of trunks of pyramids with a rectangular or square base. Advantageously, the two pins 11 are arranged in the first quarter and in the last quarter of the length of the support face 7.

La conformation femelle 12 est constituée d'une bride en retombée 13, assimilable à un parallèlépipède rectangle, solidaire, par sa partie supérieure, de la partie inférieure de la face de soutènement 7 et s'étendant, à partir de cette dernière, dans un plan d'extension principal parallèle au plan définissant la face de soutènement 7. La bride en retombée 13 s'étend, sur sa majeure partie, sous la limite inférieure du corps principal 2 définie par le plan d'extension de sa base principale 3. Deux évidements 14, de forme et de dimensions adaptées à celles des ergots 11 et, dans le cas présent, de fruit identique au tronc de pyramide des ergots 11, sont ménagés dans le corps de la bride 13, à un niveau inférieur à la base 3. The female conformation 12 consists of a drop-back flange 13, similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, integral by its upper part with the lower part of the retaining face 7 and extending, from the latter, in a main extension plane parallel to the plane defining the retaining face 7. The falling flange 13 extends, for the most part, under the lower limit of the main body 2 defined by the extension plane of its main base 3. Two recesses 14, of shape and dimensions adapted to those of the lugs 11 and, in this case, of fruit identical to the trunk of pyramid of the lugs 11, are formed in the body of the flange 13, at a level below the base 3.

La disposition des moyens de blocage 11, 12, en dehors du polygone de sustentation du corps principal 2, permet un auto-enclenchement des conformations mâles et femelles en dehors dudit polygone et le maintien des forces de traction hors de ce même polygone.The arrangement of the blocking means 11, 12, outside the support polygon of the main body 2, allows self-engagement of the male and female conformations outside said polygon and the maintenance of the traction forces outside this same polygon.

La variante de réalisation montrée aux fig. 2, 6 et 7 ne diffère de celle présentée aux fig. 1, 4 et 5 que par une conformation femelle 12 distincte. Cette dernière est assimilable à une bride en retombée en forme de "T" dont le jambage principal 15, par exemple de section carrée ou rectangulaire, est solidaire, par son extrémité supérieure 15a , de la partie inférieure de la face de soutènement 7. Les dimensions, et en particulier la section transversale du jambage 15, sont telles qu'elles permettent un passage dudit jambage 15 entre les deux ergots 11 d'un autre élément modulaire en cas d'association des deux éléments. Le jambage 15 s'étend, en conséquence, à partir de la face de soutènement 7, en partie sous la limite inférieure de la base 3, de telle façon que la barre terminale 16 de la bride en forme de "T" s'étende, de préférence, dans un plan parallèle à la face de soutènement 7 et sur une distance suffisante à partir des extrémités latérales du jambage 15, pour venir constituer deux surfaces d'appui 17. Ces dernières sont destinées à coopérer avec des surfaces conjuguées présentes sur les conformations mâles 11 appartenant à un élément modulaire immédiatement inférieur dans l'ouvrage de construction.The variant embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 do differs from that shown in figs. 1, 4 and 5 only by a separate female conformation 12 . The latter can be likened to a falling flange in the shape of a "T" , the main jamb 15, for example of square or rectangular section, is integral, by its upper end 15 a , with the lower part of the support face 7. The dimensions, and in particular the cross section of the leg 15, are such that they allow passage of said leg 15 between the two lugs 11 of another modular element in the event of association of the two elements. The leg 15 extends, consequently, from the retaining face 7, partly under the lower limit of the base 3, so that the end bar 16 of the flange in the shape of "T" extends preferably in a plane parallel to the retaining face 7 and over a sufficient distance from the lateral ends of the leg 15, to form two bearing surfaces 17. The latter are intended to cooperate with conjugated surfaces present on the male conformations 11 belonging to an immediately lower modular element in the construction work.

La variante de réalisation montrée aux fig. 3, 8 et 9 diffère des deux variantes précédentes par une structure particulière des conformations mâles 11 et femelles 12 formant le système d'auto-enclenchement. La conformation mâle 11 est constituée d'une bordure en saillie 20 par rapport au plan d'extension de la face de soutènement 7 définissant une face avant 21, de préférence parallèle à la face de soutènement 7, et une face supérieure prolongeant également; de préférence dans un même plan, la face supérieure 6 du corps principal 2. The variant embodiment shown in FIGS. 3, 8 and 9 differs from the two previous variants by a particular structure of the male 11 and female 12 conformations forming the self-engaging system. The male conformation 11 consists of a projecting border 20 relative to the plane of extension of the retaining face 7 defining a front face 21, preferably parallel to the retaining face 7, and an upper face also extending; preferably in the same plane, the upper face 6 of the main body 2.

Avantageusement, la bordure en saillie 20 possède des faces latérales prolongeant, dans un même plan, les faces latérales 4 du corps principal 2. La conformation femelle 12 est constituée d'une bride en retombée s'étendant, au moins en partie, sous la base 3, à partir de la partie inférieure de la face de soutènement 7. La bride en retombée 13 définit, avec la surface de la base 3 une bride de section transversale en "U", les deux ailes du "U" étant, respectivement, constituées, d'une part, par la base 3 et, d'autre part, par un bord tombé 25 s'étendant à partir de la face postérieure 26 de la bride 13. Bien évidemment, les dimensions et le profil de la bride en "U" sont adaptés aux dimensions et profils de la bordure en saillie 20, de manière à assurer leur auto-enclenchement respectif.Advantageously, the projecting edge 20 has lateral faces extending, in the same plane, the lateral faces 4 of the main body 2. The female conformation 12 consists of a drop-out flange extending, at least in part, under the base 3, from the lower part of the retaining face 7. The drop-back flange 13 defines, with the surface of base 3 a cross-section flange in "U" shape, the two wings "U" being, respectively, constituted, on the one hand, by the base 3 and, on the other hand, by a fallen edge 25 extending from the rear face 26 of the flange 13. Obviously, the dimensions and profile of the "U" flange are adapted to the dimensions and profiles of the projecting edge 20, so as to ensure their respective self-engagement.

Dans les exemples précédents, les éléments préfabriqués modulaires 1 sont de forme assimilable à un parallèlépipède rectangle, mais il est bien évident que d'autres formes du corps principal 2 sont réalisables et le corps principal pourrait ainsi être réalisé, par exemple, sous forme d'un bloc à base hexagonale, octogonale, pentagonale, etc ... Il est également évident, qu'à la place des ergots en forme de tronc de pyramide à base rectangulaire, d'autres formes d'ergots, de type cylindriques, cubiques ou autres sont réalisables.In the previous examples, the modular prefabricated elements 1 are of shape similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, but it is obvious that other shapes of the main body 2 are achievable and the main body could thus be produced, for example, in the form of a '' a block with hexagonal, octagonal, pentagonal, etc ... It is also obvious, that in the place of the lugs in the shape of a trunk of pyramid with rectangular base, other forms of lugs, of cylindrical, cubic type or others are achievable.

De la même façon le matériau utilisé pour la fabrication et la réalisation des blocs préfabriqués peut être réalisé, non seulement à base de béton armé, mais encore à base d'autres matériaux, du type résines par exemple.In the same way, the material used for the manufacture and the production of the prefabricated blocks can be produced, not only based on reinforced concrete, but also based on other materials, of the resins type for example.

La fig. 10 montre un ouvrage de soutènement constitué d'un mur réalisé à partir de l'empilement à sec en lits superposés de plusieurs éléments modulaires préfabriqués. L'enveloppe extérieure; définie par l'empilement de l'ensemble des corps principaux 2, définit le voile de soutènement du mur destiné à soutenir un talus 27. Le mur de soutènement repose sur une semelle 28, préférentiellement enfouie en partie dans le sol et comportant, dans sa partie supérieure, une zone d'appui 29 de section sensiblement équivalente à la base 3 de chaque élément modulaire, de manière à supporter le premier élément du mur. Fig. 10 shows a retaining structure consisting of a wall produced from the dry stacking in bunk beds of several prefabricated modular elements. The outer envelope; defined by the stack of all the main bodies 2, defines the wall retaining veil intended to support an embankment 27. The retaining wall rests on a sole 28, preferably partially buried in the ground and comprising, in its upper part, a support zone 29 of section substantially equivalent to the base 3 of each modular element, so as to support the first element of the wall.

La zone d'appui 29 définit, également, une face de parement 30 et une face de soutènement 31, à partir de laquelle s'étend au moins une conformation mâle 11 semblable à celle précédemment définie. Une telle conformation est destinée à agir en relation avec une conformation femelle 12 de l'élément préfabriqué modulaire reposant sur la zone d'appui 29, de manière à réaliser l'auto-enclenchement relatif des deux blocs.The support zone 29 also defines a facing face 30 and a supporting face 31, from which extends at least one male conformation 11 similar to that previously defined. Such a conformation is intended to act in relation to a female conformation 12 of the modular prefabricated element resting on the support zone 29, so to perform the relative self-engagement of the two blocks.

Le procédé d'érection à sec d'un ouvrage de soutènement ou de type immergé, tel que celui montré à la fig. 10, s'effectue de la manière suivante.The process of dry erection of a retaining structure or of the submerged type, such as that shown in FIG. 10, is carried out as follows.

Le procédé consiste, en premier lieu, à mettre en place, par tous moyens appropriés et généralement de manière traditionelle, au moins une semelle d'ouvrage 28 possédant au moins une conformation mâle 11 sur sa face de soutènement 31. Le procédé consiste, ensuite, à mettre en place chaque élément modulaire préfabriqué 1, de manière individuelle et successive, selon une suite d'étapes bien précises correspondant à des déplacements de chaque élément 1, matérialisée par les lignes en pointillés de la fig. 10. The method consists, first of all, of putting in place, by all appropriate means and generally in the traditional way, at least one work sole 28 having at least one male conformation 11 on its support face 31. The method consists, then , to set up each prefabricated modular element 1, individually and successively, according to a series of very precise steps corresponding to displacements of each element 1, materialized by the dotted lines in FIG. 10.

Le procédé consiste, d'abord, à accrocher chaque élément 1 à un moyen de levage, non représenté sur les figures, et incluant, par exemple, une grue à laquelle l'élément 1 est relié par des élingues 33 fixées, de préférence, en deux points sur la face supérieure 6. De manière préférentielle, l'accrochage sera réalisé de manière que l'élément préfabriqué modulaire 1 présente, tel que cela est montré dans la position A₁ à la fig. 10, sa base 3 avec une inclinaison α par rapport à la face d'appui 6, généralement horizontale, de chaque élément préfabriqué inférieur sur lequel il doit reposer. Le point d'accrochage sera également choisi, avantageusement, pour que l'inclinaison soit telle que la conformation femelle 12 soit dirigée vers le bas en direction de la conformation mâle à enclencher et se trouve du côté le plus bas de la base 3 inclinée.The method consists, first of all, of hooking each element 1 to a lifting means, not shown in the figures, and including, for example, a crane to which the element 1 is connected by slings 33 fixed, preferably, at two points on the upper face 6. Preferably, the attachment will be made so that the modular prefabricated element 1 has, as shown in position A₁ in FIG. 10, its base 3 with an inclination α relative to the support face 6, generally horizontal, of each lower prefabricated element on which it must rest. The attachment point will also be chosen, advantageously, so that the inclination is such that the female conformation 12 is directed downwards in the direction of the male conformation to be engaged and is located on the lowest side of the inclined base 3 .

Le procédé consiste, ensuite, à hisser l'élément modulaire à mettre en place au bout du moyen de levage et à l'amener au-dessus et en position d'alignement relatif, tel que cela est montré dans la position A₁, avec la semelle 28 ou l'élément modulaire inférieur sur lequel ledit élément à mettre en place doit reposer. Lors de cette étape de positionnement, les conformations mâles et femelles doivent être prépositionnées en alignement relatif. L'étape suivante consiste à ajuster progressivement la présentation de l'élément modulaire par déplacement du moyen de levage pour que la conformation femelle 12 vienne également, progressivement, en contact avec la ou les conformations mâles 11 de la semelle 28 ou de l'élément modulaire préfabriqué 1 sur lequel doit reposer l'élément à mettre en place. Une telle phase d'ajustement de présentation est montrée, par exemple, dans la position A₂ figurée en pointillés. Dans une telle position d'alignement, la conformation femelle 12 se présente de manière que ses évidements 14 ou ses faces d'appui 17 ou bords tombés 25 et faces postérieures 26 viennent progressivement en contact avec les ergots 11 et leurs faces conjuguées de réception, de manière à initier l'auto-enclenchement progressif et mutuel desdites conformations.The method then consists in hoisting the modular element to be put in place at the end of the lifting means and bringing it above and in position of relative alignment, as shown in position A₁ , with the sole 28 or the lower modular element on which said element to be installed must rest. During this positioning step, the male and female conformations must be prepositioned in relative alignment. The next step is to adjust gradually the presentation of the modular element by displacement of the lifting means so that the female conformation 12 also comes, gradually, in contact with the male conformation (s) 11 of the sole 28 or of the prefabricated modular element 1 on which must rest the element to be put in place. Such a presentation adjustment phase is shown, for example, in the position A₂ shown in dotted lines. In such an alignment position, the female conformation 12 is presented so that its recesses 14 or its bearing faces 17 or fallen edges 25 and rear faces 26 come progressively into contact with the lugs 11 and their mating receiving faces, so as to initiate progressive and mutual self-engagement of said conformations.

Pendant toute cette phase d'initiation de l'auto-enclenchement, la base 3 est toujours inclinée, tel que cela est montré dans la position A₂. La phase terminale du procédé consiste, ensuite, à réaliser l'auto-enclenchement complet des conformations mâles et femelles en faisant basculer, par simple rotation dans le sens de la flèche f₁, l'élément à mettre en place pour que sa base 3 vienne reposer en appui contre la surface d'appui 6 du bloc immédiatement inférieur. Cette position terminale, dans laquelle l'auto-enclenchement est complet, est montrée par la position A₃. Une fois l'élément 1 mis en place, le procédé consiste ensuite à détacher l'élément modulaire du moyen de levage et à procéder à la mise en place d'un autre élément modulaire selon le même principe et les mêmes phases que précédemment définies et ce jusqu'à l'érection totale de l'ouvrage à la hauteur souhaitée.During this entire initiation phase of self-engagement, the base 3 is always inclined, as shown in position A₂. The terminal phase of the process then consists in carrying out the complete self-engagement of the male and female conformations by tilting, by simple rotation in the direction of the arrow f₁, the element to be put in place so that its base 3 comes rest against the support surface 6 of the immediately lower block. This terminal position, in which the self-engagement is complete, is shown by position A₃. Once the element 1 has been put in place, the method then consists in detaching the modular element from the lifting means and in carrying out the installation of another modular element according to the same principle and the same phases as previously defined and until the complete erection of the structure at the desired height.

L'angle α d'inclinaison peut, bien évidemment, être plus ou moins prononcé et, à la limite, peut être nul, l'auto-enclenchement des conformations mâles et femelles se faisant alors sans rotation vers l'arrière du bloc à mettre en place, par simple glissement d'avant en arrière.The angle α of inclination can, of course, be more or less pronounced and, ultimately, can be zero, the self - engagement of the male and female conformations then taking place without rotation towards the rear of the block to be put in place by simply sliding back and forth.

Il doit également être considéré que, dans le cas d'utilisation d'éléments modulaires préfabriqués, tels que ceux montrés à la fig. 3, la présentation de l'élément modulaire peut s'effectuer latéralement à la semelle 28 ou à l'élément sur lequel il doit reposer, l'auto-enclenchement progressif étant assuré par un déplacement longitudinal de l'élément 1, selon la direction longitudinale de la gorge définie par la section "U" de la bride 13. It should also be considered that, in the case of the use of prefabricated modular elements, such as those shown in fig. 3, the modular element can be presented laterally to the sole 28 or to the element on which it must rest, the progressive self-engagement being ensured by a longitudinal displacement of the element 1, in the direction longitudinal of the groove defined by section "U" of the flange 13.

Il doit, également, être noté que, dans le cas de la réalisation d'un mur de soutènement provisoire, la dépose du mur s'effectue en sens inverse de celui précédemment défini préalablement à l'accrochage et l'élingage de chaque bloc en place.It should also be noted that, in the case of the construction of a temporary retaining wall, the removal of the wall is carried out in the opposite direction to that previously defined prior to the attachment and slinging of each block in square.

Le fonctionnement statique et la distribution des efforts développés dans le mur de soutènement sont montrés à la fig. 10. La poussée du talus Q et le poids G du voile de soutènement ont pour résultante la force R . Le point d'intersection C de cette force résultante R et du plan formé par la surface d'appui de la semelle 28 se situe à l'extérieur du voile de soutènement et, en particulier, à l'extérieur du polygone de sustension de chaque bloc, ce qui contribue à créer l'instabilité au renversement du premier élément modulaire préfabriqué reposant sur la semelle 28. The static operation and the distribution of the forces developed in the retaining wall are shown in fig. 10. The thrust of the slope Q and the weight G of the retaining veil result in the force R. The point of intersection C of this resulting force R and of the plane formed by the bearing surface of the sole 28 is situated outside the retaining veil and, in particular, outside the support polygon of each block, which contributes to creating instability in the overturning of the first prefabricated modular element resting on the sole 28.

Les éléments modulaires préfabriqués proposés, et notamment le système d'auto-enclenchement réalisé, remédient à cette situation en contenant l'effort de traction développé à l'arrière du voile de soutènement. Cet effort Fb, appliqué au point B sous l'ergot 11 de la semelle 28, a pour direction la verticale et coupe la résultante R au point noté 0 . La résultante R a pour autre composante la force Fa appliquée au point de contact A entre le premier bloc reposant sur la semelle 28 et ladite semelle. Dans un tel cas, la stabilité au glissement, résulant de la force Fa, est assurée par frottement au point A ou, encore, par butée de la bride 13 sur la face de soutènement 7 de chaque élément sur l'élément précédemment posé. Dans tous les cas, le système d'auto-enclenchement proposé permet, par rapport au mur-poids classique, de réduire l'épaisseur du voile de soutènement, sans pour autant nuire à la stabilité de l'ensemble, dans la mesure où l'effort de traction est contenu à l'arrière du voile de soutènement et de la phase de soutènement faite.The prefabricated modular elements proposed, and in particular the self-engaging system produced, remedy this situation by containing the traction force developed at the rear of the retaining veil. This force Fb , applied to point B under the lug 11 of the sole 28, has the vertical direction and cuts the resultant R at the point noted 0 . The resultant R has for another component the force Fa applied at the point of contact A between the first block resting on the sole 28 and said sole. In such a case, the sliding stability, resulting from the force Fa , is ensured by friction at point A or, again, by abutment of the flange 13 on the support face 7 of each element on the element previously placed. In all cases, the proposed self-locking system allows, compared to the conventional wall-weight, to reduce the thickness of the retaining veil, without compromising the stability of the assembly, insofar as the tensile force is contained at the rear of the retaining veil and the retaining phase made.

La fig. 11 représente, selon une vue frontale, un mur de soutènement réalisé à partir d'éléments modulaires conformes à l'invention et empilés à sec en joints alignés 40, tant verticalement qu'horizontalement. Fig. 11 shows , in a front view, a retaining wall made from modular elements according to the invention and stacked dry in aligned joints 40, both vertically and horizontally.

La fig. 12 représente, selon une vue identique frontale, un mur de soutènement réalisé à partir des mêmes éléments modulaires de l'invention, mais avec un empilement successif formant des joints croisés 41. Dans un tel cas, les conformations mâles et femelles d'un même élément sont enclenchées chacune, respectivement, avec des conformations identiques appartenant à des éléments différents. Un élément modulaire est, dans ce cas, lié avec quatre autres éléments modulaires, alors que, dans la réalisation à joints alignés, un élément modulaire n'est lié qu'avec deux autres éléments modulaires. Fig. 12 shows , in an identical front view, a retaining wall made from the same modular elements of the invention, but with a successive stack forming crossed joints 41. In such a case, the male and female conformations of the same element are each engaged, respectively, with identical conformations belonging to different elements. A modular element is, in this case, linked with four other modular elements, while, in the embodiment with aligned joints, a modular element is linked only with two other modular elements.

La fig. 13 représente, selon une coupe transversale longitudinale, une semelle d'ouvrage 28 dont le corps d'appui 28a sur le sol a été allongé, afin d'améliorer la stabilité par adjonction d'un élément modulaire préfabriqué 1, de type à bride en retombée 13 par exemple. Dans un tel cas, le corps d'appui 28a comporte, sur sa face supérieure au moins un et, de préférence, deux conformations mâles 11, telles que des ergots s'étendant sensiblement verticalement à partir de ladite face. L'élément modulaire 1 est disposé avec sa face de parement 5 reposant en appui sur le sol, les conformations mâles et femelles 11, 12 s'étendant à partir de la face opposée 7. Fig. 13 shows , in a longitudinal cross section, a work sole 28 whose support body 28 a on the ground has been elongated, in order to improve stability by adding a prefabricated modular element 1, of flange type fallout 13 for example. In such a case, the support body 28 a has, on its upper face at least one and, preferably, two male conformations 11, such as lugs extending substantially vertically from said face. The modular element 1 is arranged with its facing face 5 resting on the ground, the male and female conformations 11, 12 extending from the opposite face 7.

L'élément modulaire 1 est calé. par sa face 3, contre la face verticale du corps d'appui 28a , la bride en retombée 13 venant s'enclencher avec les ergots 11 du corps d'appui 28a et verrouiller ainsi solidairement les deux unités.The modular element 1 is wedged. by its face 3, against the vertical face of the support body 28 a , the drop-down flange 13 coming to engage with the lugs 11 of the support body 28 a and thus securely lock the two units.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés, car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope.

Claims (15)

1 - Elément préfabriqué modulaire (1) pour l'érection d'ouvrages de soutènement ou immergés, ledit élément (1) comportant une face de soutènement (7) tournée vers la masse (27) à soutenir et étant destiné à être disposé avec d'autres éléments préfabriqués modulaires (1) identiques, côte à côte et en lits superposés, pour constituer l'ouvrage et former un voile de soutènement, chaque élément (1) comportant des moyens de blocage (11, 12), aptes à agir en relation avec les moyens de blocage (11, 12) des éléments immédiatement supérieurs ou inférieurs, pour assurer la stabilité de l'ouvrage,
   caractérisé en ce que les moyens de blocage (11, 12) sont disposés sur la face de soutènement (7) de l'élément (1) et constitués de moyens auto-enclenchables comportant : - au moins une conformation mâle (11), - et au moins une conformation femelle (12), lesdites conformations (11, 12) étant disposées en opposition sur la face de soutènement (7) pour venir s'enclencher automatiquement, respectivement avec les conformations femelles (12) et mâles (11) des éléments immédiatement supérieurs et inférieurs, de manière à contenir l'effort de traction (Fb ) résultant de la masse (27) à soutenir et du voile de soutènement à l'arrière dudit voile. 1 - Modular prefabricated element ( 1 ) for the erection of retaining or submerged structures, said element ( 1 ) comprising a retaining face ( 7 ) turned towards the mass ( 27 ) to be supported and being intended to be disposed with d '' other identical prefabricated modular elements ( 1 ), side by side and in bunk beds, to constitute the structure and form a retaining veil, each element ( 1 ) comprising locking means ( 11, 12 ), capable of acting in relationship with the blocking means ( 11, 12 ) of the elements immediately above or below, to ensure the stability of the structure,
characterized in that the locking means ( 11, 12 ) are arranged on the support face ( 7 ) of the element ( 1 ) and consist of self-engaging means comprising: - at least one male conformation ( 11 ), - And at least one female conformation ( 12 ), said conformations ( 11, 12 ) being arranged in opposition on the support face ( 7 ) to come to engage automatically, respectively with the female ( 12 ) and male ( 11 ) conformations immediately upper and lower elements, so as to contain the tensile force ( F b ) resulting from the mass ( 27 ) to be supported and the retaining veil at the rear of said veil. 2 - Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les conformations mâles (11) et femelles (12) s'étendent, à partir de la face de soutènement (7), en dehors du polygone de sustentation défini par le corps principal (2) de chaque élément (1) préfabriqué. 2 - Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the male ( 11 ) and female ( 12 ) conformations extend, from the retaining face ( 7 ), outside the support polygon defined by the main body ( 2 ) of each prefabricated element ( 1 ). 3 - Elément selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la conformation femelle (12) consiste en une bride en retombée (13) s'étendant en partie sous la base (3) du corps principal (2). 3 - Element according to claim 2, characterized in that the female conformation ( 12 ) consists of a drop flange ( 13 ) extending partly under the base ( 3 ) of the main body ( 2 ). 4 - Elément selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en tant que conformation mâle, au moins un et, de préférence, deux ergots (11) s'étendant à partir de la partie supérieure de la face de soutènement (7) et, en tant que conformation femelle (12), au moins un et, de préférence, deux évidements (14) de forme et dimension adaptées à celles desdits ergots (11), lesdits évidements (14) étant ménagés dans la bride en retombée (13) et dans sa partie s'étendant sous la base (13). 4 - Element according to claim 3, characterized in that that it comprises, as a male conformation, at least one and preferably two lugs ( 11 ) extending from the upper part of the retaining face ( 7 ) and, as a female conformation ( 12 ), at least one and, preferably, two recesses ( 14 ) of shape and dimension adapted to those of said lugs ( 11 ), said recesses ( 14 ) being formed in the drop flange ( 13 ) and in its extending part under the base ( 13 ). 5 - Elément selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les ergots (11) sont en forme de tronc de pyramide à base rectangulaire et les évidements (14) présentent un fruit identique à celui des ergots (11). 5 - Element according to claim 4, characterized in that the pins ( 11 ) are in the form of a pyramid trunk with a rectangular base and the recesses ( 14 ) have a fruit identical to that of the pins ( 11 ). 6 - Elément selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en tant que conformation mâle, deux ergots (11) s'étendant à partir de la partie supérieure de la face de soutènement (7) et, en tant que conformation femelle, une bride en retombée en "T" dont le jambage (15) est solidaire par une extrémité de la face de soutènement (7) et d'épaisseur inférieure à la distance entre les deux ergots (11) et dont la base terminale (16) s'étend parallèlement à la face de soutènement (7) pour définir une surface d'appui (17) et de blocage destinée à reposer contre les deux ergots (11) d'un autre élément (1). 6 - Element according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as a male conformation, two lugs ( 11 ) extending from the upper part of the retaining face ( 7 ) and, as a conformation female, a drop-down flange in "T" whose leg ( 15 ) is secured by one end of the support face ( 7 ) and of thickness less than the distance between the two pins ( 11 ) and whose terminal base ( 16 ) extends parallel to the retaining face ( 7 ) to define a bearing ( 17 ) and locking surface intended to rest against the two lugs ( 11 ) of another element ( 1 ). 7 - Elément selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en tant que conformation mâle, une bordure en saillie (20) et, en tant que conformation femelle, une bride en retombée (13) formant un bord tombé (25) s'étendant, à distance et sous la base (3), pour former une bride de profil en "U" et de dimensions adaptées à la réception de la bordure en saillie (20) d'un autre élément (1). 7 - Element according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as a male conformation, a projecting edge ( 20 ) and, as a female conformation, a drop flange ( 13 ) forming a fallen edge ( 25 ) extending, at a distance and under the base ( 3 ), to form a flange of "U" profile and of dimensions adapted to the reception of the projecting edge ( 20 ) of another element ( 1 ). 8 - Elément selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la bordure en saillie (20) s'étend à partir de la face supérieure (6) du corps principal (2) qu'elle prolonge au-dessus de la face de soutènement (7). 8 - Element according to claim 7, characterized in that the projecting edge ( 20 ) extends from the upper face ( 6 ) of the main body ( 2 ) which it extends above the retaining face ( 7 ). 9 - Ouvrage de soutènement ou immergé comprenant un empilement à sec en lits supperposés d'éléments modulaires préfabriqués (1) conformes à l'une des revendications 1 à 8, à partir d'au moins une semelle (28) comportant au moins une conformation mâle auto-enclenchable avec la conformation femelle de l'élément modulaire immédiatement supperposé. 9 - Retaining or submerged structure comprising a dry stack in supersposed beds of prefabricated modular elements ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, starting from at least one sole ( 28 ) comprising at least one self-engaging male conformation with the female conformation of the modular element immediately superseded. 10 - Ouvrage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments modulaires sont empilés en joints croisés ou en joints alignés. 10 - A structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the modular elements are stacked in cross joints or in aligned joints. 11 - Procédé d'érection à sec d'un ouvrage de soutènement ou immergé à partir d'éléments modulaires préfabriqués conformes à l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
   caractérisé en ce qu'il consite : - à mettre en place, de manière traditionnelle, au moins une semelle d'ouvrage possédant au moins une conformation mâle sur sa face de soutènement, - à accrocher et à hisser l'élément modulaire à mettre en place au bout d'un moyen de levage, de telle manière que l'élément présente sa conformation femelle dirigée vers le bas, - à amener l'élément modulaire au-dessus et en position d'alignement relatif avec la semelle pour aligner les conformations mâles et femelles, - à ajuster la présentation de l'élément modulaire par déplacement pour que sa conformation femelle vienne progressivement en contact avec la ou les conformations mâle de la semelle, en vue de réaliser leur auto-enclenchement progressif, lequel est complet lorsque l'élément modulaire est en place sur la semelle, - à détacher l'élément modulaire du moyen de levage et procéder à la mise en place d'autres élémens de soutènement selon le même principe, jusqu'à l'érection totale de l'ouvrage. 11 - A method of dry erection of a retaining or submerged structure from prefabricated modular elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that it consists of: - to set up, in the traditional way, at least one work sole having at least one male conformation on its retaining face, - to hang and hoist the modular element to be put in place at the end of a lifting means, in such a way that the element has its female conformation directed downwards, - bringing the modular element above and in position of relative alignment with the sole to align the male and female conformations, - to adjust the presentation of the modular element by displacement so that its female conformation comes gradually into contact with the male conformation (s) of the sole, in order to achieve their progressive self-engagement, which is complete when the modular element is in place on the sole, - detach the modular element from the lifting means and proceed with the installation of other support elements according to the same principle, until the complete erection of the structure. 12 - Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à accrocher l'élément modulaire pour qu'il présente sa base avec une inclinaison (α) par rapport à la face d'appui (6) de l'élément immédiatement inférieur. 12 - Method according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists in hanging the modular element so that it has its base with an inclination (α) relative to the bearing face ( 6 ) of the element immediately inferior. 13 - Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : - à accrocher l'élément modulaire pour qu'il présente sa base avec une inclinaison, la conformation femelle se trouvant du côté le plus bas de la base inclinée, - à ajuster la présentation de l'élément modulaire en assurant l'engagement des conformations mâles et femelles, tout en maintenant en position inclinée la base dudit élément, - puis à assurer l'auto-enclenchement progressif des conformations en faisant basculer par rotation ledit élément, pour que sa base inclinée vienne reposer progressivement contre la surface d'appui de l'élément immédiatement inférieur. 13 - Method according to claim 12, characterized in that it consists: - to hang the modular element so that it has its base with an inclination, the female conformation being on the lowest side of the inclined base, to adjust the presentation of the modular element while ensuring the engagement of the male and female conformations, while maintaining the base of said element in an inclined position, - Then to ensure the progressive self-engagement of the conformations by tilting said element by rotation, so that its inclined base comes to rest gradually against the bearing surface of the element immediately below. 14 - Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : - à amener l'élément modulaire au-dessus de et latéralement à la semelle, - à ajuster la présentation en déplaçant longitudinalement et progressivement l'élément modulaire pour que les conformations mâles et femelles s'engagent par glissement les unes dans les autres en réalisant ainsi l'auto-enclenchement progressif. 14 - Method according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists: - to bring the modular element above and laterally to the sole, - To adjust the presentation by moving the modular element longitudinally and gradually so that the male and female conformations engage by sliding into each other, thus achieving progressive self-engagement. 15 - Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à allonger la semelle d'ouvrage à l'aide d'un élément modulaire préfabriqué reposant, par sa face de parement, sur le sol et accouplé, par ses conformations femelles, avec des conformations mâles s'étendant à partir de la semelle d'ouvrage. 15 - A method according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists in lengthening the sole of the work using a prefabricated modular element resting, by its facing face, on the ground and coupled, by its female conformations , with male conformations extending from the soleplate.
EP92420143A 1991-05-02 1992-04-30 Prefabricated modular element for the dry erection of retaining walls, construction made with said element and procedure for the dry erection of said structure Expired - Lifetime EP0512932B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9105658 1991-05-02
FR9105658A FR2676077B1 (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 MODULAR PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE DRY CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORT STRUCTURES, CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE MADE FROM SAID ELEMENT, AND DRY CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF SUCH STRUCTURE.

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EP0512932A1 true EP0512932A1 (en) 1992-11-11
EP0512932B1 EP0512932B1 (en) 1995-08-23

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EP92420143A Expired - Lifetime EP0512932B1 (en) 1991-05-02 1992-04-30 Prefabricated modular element for the dry erection of retaining walls, construction made with said element and procedure for the dry erection of said structure

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0512932B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE126852T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69204208T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2079165T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2676077B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3018131T3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5402608A (en) * 1992-02-27 1995-04-04 Chu; Rey-Chin Prefabricated built-up building construction
FR3115547A1 (en) * 2020-10-26 2022-04-29 Layrac Btp Stackable concrete block for retaining wall

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29600873U1 (en) * 1996-01-19 1996-03-14 Beton-Betz GmbH, 74912 Kirchardt Kit for a wall arrangement made of precast concrete
DE19834022A1 (en) * 1998-07-28 2000-02-03 Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh Opencast or open pit working support wall comprizes module-built wall on standing rails and joined crossways by pressure bars using cylinder or framework module types filled with sand or ballast with backfilled walls.

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9015196U1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1991-02-21 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen Concrete block for the construction of retaining walls and retaining walls

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9015196U1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1991-02-21 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen Concrete block for the construction of retaining walls and retaining walls

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5402608A (en) * 1992-02-27 1995-04-04 Chu; Rey-Chin Prefabricated built-up building construction
FR3115547A1 (en) * 2020-10-26 2022-04-29 Layrac Btp Stackable concrete block for retaining wall
WO2022090177A1 (en) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Layrac Btp Stackable concrete block for retaining wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE126852T1 (en) 1995-09-15
DE69204208T2 (en) 1996-05-02
FR2676077B1 (en) 1993-09-03
GR3018131T3 (en) 1996-02-29
FR2676077A1 (en) 1992-11-06
EP0512932B1 (en) 1995-08-23
ES2079165T3 (en) 1996-01-01
DE69204208D1 (en) 1995-09-28

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