EP0165856A1 - Set of building elements for the erection of walls by post-tensioning - Google Patents

Set of building elements for the erection of walls by post-tensioning Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165856A1
EP0165856A1 EP85401078A EP85401078A EP0165856A1 EP 0165856 A1 EP0165856 A1 EP 0165856A1 EP 85401078 A EP85401078 A EP 85401078A EP 85401078 A EP85401078 A EP 85401078A EP 0165856 A1 EP0165856 A1 EP 0165856A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blocks
assembly
vertical
channels
tie
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85401078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrice Marc Marie Lefebure
Jean-Claude Guihenneuc
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ALPHA-COMPOSANTS
MATERIAUX MODERNES DE CONSTRUCTION
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ALPHA-COMPOSANTS
MATERIAUX MODERNES DE CONSTRUCTION
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Publication of EP0165856A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165856A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/06—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material the elements being prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0254—Tie rods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of building walls, for example residential walls, from building blocks intended to be placed side by side and superimposed.
  • one or more vertical channels extending over their entire height and intended to be placed in concordance during the assembly of the blocks in order to constitute vertical chimneys s' extending over the entire height of the walls made. It is thus possible to pour, inside these, concrete posts each comprising a metal frame in order to support the corresponding loads.
  • the vertical chimneys thus formed can also be used for the production of simple vertical chaining elements made of reinforced concrete poured inside thereof, separate studs of framework being also provided.
  • the present invention aims to allow the construction of walls by assembling prefabricated blocks by mechanical means without the need to pour in place poles or vertical concrete chaining elements.
  • the subject of the invention is a set of construction elements comprising, in combination with prefabricated blocks provided with vertical channels, a series of post-tension rods which can each be placed in a vertical chimney formed on any the height of a wall built by means of such blocks, and each of which comprises at its foot an anchoring device capable of deploying after fitting the corresponding tie rod to bear, from bottom to top, against an internal shoulder of the sills of the base or against the underside of the blocks of the lower bed of the assembly, or of another determined bed, while the upper end of each of these tie rods is provided with a clamping member capable of being applied from top to bottom, on the building blocks of the upper bed, or on an intermediate support element.
  • the tie rods thus provided thus ensure vertical chaining of the blocks used for the construction of a wall.
  • the building blocks 1 forming part of the present set affect the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds and they can be molded in normal cement and gravel concrete.
  • Each of these blocks has at least two channels extending over its entire height and whose arrangement is such that when they are superimposed, it is possible to place them in concordance to form vertical chimneys over the entire height of the wall. realized.
  • each block 1 has three vertical channels 2 whose axes are arranged along the median longitudinal plane of each. One of these channels is located in the middle and the other two on either side, at equal distance. Under these conditions, these blocks can be superimposed by making an offset or "harping" between a bed and the next bed while obtaining the concordance of the channels 2 to constitute a series of vertical chimneys extending over the entire height of the wall produced, as can be seen from Figure 1.
  • each of the channels has an enlarged part 3 forming a recess. This is intended to receive the base of a positioning and assembly member.
  • each of these assembly members assumes the shape of a hollow stud 4 comprising two distinct cylindrical parts 5 and 6 of different diameter connected by a shoulder 7.
  • the part 5 of larger diameter is intended to form the base of this assembly member and to be placed accordingly inside the recess 3 provided at the upper end of a channel 2 of a block 1 of a determined bed.
  • the upper part 6 of the assembly members 4 placed in standby on the blocks of such a bed, projects above them to engage in the lower end of the channels 2 of the blocks 1 placed at the -above. This ensures both the proper positioning of these blocks and their immobilization in a horizontal plane.
  • the assembly pads 4 thus provided can advantageously be produced by molding in a plastic material deformable, par. example in polyethylene. Their walls can then include a series of horizontal undulations, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the blocks 1 constituting the corresponding wall are arranged above a horizontal sill 8 of concrete which can extend continuously over the entire length of this wall.
  • this sill itself comprises a series of vertical channels 9 having the same spacing as the channels 2 of the blocks 1.
  • these channels 9 themselves include an enlargement 3 at their upper end to receive an assembly stud 4 so to allow the positioning and assembly of the blocks 1 of the lower bed.
  • the vertical channels 9 of the sill 8 have another widening 10 which extends to their lower end. This widening thus determines a shoulder 11, located at mid-height, and which is intended to allow the anchoring of the tie rods placed inside the vertical chimneys made in the wall.
  • Each of these tie rods consists of a metal rod 12 of length slightly greater than that of the wall produced. At its lower end, this rod carries an anchoring device capable of deploying, after the corresponding tie rod has been put in place, to bear, from bottom to top, against 1 shoulder 11 provided inside the sill 8.
  • this anchoring device is constituted by two fins 13 mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis 14 carried by the lower end of the tie rod 12.
  • these two fins 13 are folded against it, in the position shown in phantom in Figure 3. They then slide, against the internal walls of the different vertical channels 9 successive, by the intermediate cut sections 15 provided at their ends. Besides, these cut sides ensure auto matically the desired folding of these fins when engaging a tie rod 12 in a vertical chimney.
  • the upper end of the tie rods 12 is provided with a clamping member which makes it possible to press the fins 13 of the lower gripping device against the shoulder 11 and to tension the entire wall produced.
  • this tightening member consists of a nut 17 screwed onto a thread 18 provided at the upper end of each tie rod 12.
  • This nut is integral with a support washer 19 and there is also provided a lock nut 20.
  • an intermediate support element is provided on the upper edge of the wall produced.
  • This element may consist of a horizontal rail 21, made of wood or other suitable material, comprising a series of vertical channels 22 having the same spacing as the channels 2 of the building blocks 1.
  • This rail is positioned and immobilized on top of the wall of the same way as the different beds of the building blocks, that is to say by means of studs 4 of assembly arranged beforehand inside the upper chambers 3 of the blocks 1 of the upper bed of the assembly . It is thus possible to have, over the entire length of the same wall, a series of stringers 21 secured one after the other by means of metal connectors.
  • the assembly thus formed ensures horizontal chaining of the wall on its upper edge, while the sills 8 of the base provide for their part a horizontal chaining on the lower edge.
  • the tie-rod gripping device 12 can be applied against the underside of the blocks 1 of the lower bed of the assembly, instead of being against the shoulder 11 provided at the interior of the sills 8 of the base.
  • the lower end of the tie rods 12 should be placed at the level of the widening 3 of the upper end of the channel 9 of the corresponding sill 8.
  • the fins 13 of the gripping device are deployed inside this enlargement to rest from bottom up- against the underside of the corresponding block 1 of the lower bed of the assembly.
  • the lower gripping device page 13 of the tie rods 12 can also be hung at an intermediate point of the height of a wall in order to make a chaining extending only over part of this height.
  • the fins 13 are then deployed inside this enlargement as shown in Figure 7 to bear on the underside of the block 1 located above.
  • an assembly member 4 can be placed inside this enlargement, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the gripping device provided at the lower end of the tie rods 12, can then be produced differently provided that it comprises members capable of deploying in their working position, either under the effect of their own weight, or under the effect of actuating means, mechanical or other.
  • FIG. 9 represents another embodiment in which the gripping device 25, provided at the lower end of the corresponding tie rod 12a, is constituted by a small box containing two pistons 26 capable of protruding under the action of springs thrust 27 in order to be able to bear against the internal shoulder 11 of the sills 8 of the base or against the underside of the building blocks 1.
  • FIG. 10 represents another embodiment in which the corresponding tie rod 12b carries, at its lower end, a gripping device constituted by a tilting plate 28 mounted articulated about a horizontal axis 29.
  • a tilting plate 28 mounted articulated about a horizontal axis 29.
  • FIG. 11 shows yet another embodiment of the device for anchoring the tie rods.
  • the lower end of the corresponding tie 12c carries projections 30 intended to ensure its anchoring in a mass 31 of sealing product, such as concrete, mortar or other suitable product.
  • This product is then injected through a transverse channel 32 formed in the blocks 1, and in the sill 8, below the level of the support shoulders 11. After solidification, the anchoring block thus formed therefore rests on these shoulders which allows the tightening of the corresponding tie rods.
  • the gripping device provided at the lower end of the vertical tie rods 12 the means for actuating the support members being able to be of various kinds.
  • the vertical tie rods could consist of multi-strand cables.
  • the gripping device could be slidably mounted on each of these cables so as to be able to descend into its working position by simple gravity.
  • the chaining system provided by the upper part could be implemented differently.
  • the building elements according to the invention can be used for making the walls of a dwelling house or any other building or construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

Set of building elements comprising parallelepipedal blocks intended to be arranged side by side and superposed for the erection of building walls. These blocks have vertical channels (2) which can be aligned so as to form vertical shafts extending over the entire height of the constructed walls. Combined with these blocks (1) are post-tensioning ties (12), each capable of being arranged in such a vertical shaft. Each of these ties possesses, at its foot, an anchoring device (13) adapted to unfold in order to bear against an inner shoulder of the substructure longitudinal beams (8) or against the bottom face of the blocks (1) of the bottom layer of the set. In addition, the top end of each of these ties is provided with a clamping member adapted to be applied, from top to bottom, on the building blocks of the top layer, or on an intermediate bearing element (21). These elements can be used for the construction of the walls of a dwelling house or of any other construction. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne l'édification de murs de bâtiments, par exemple de murs d'habitation, à partir de blocs de construction destinés à être placés côte à côte et superposés.The present invention relates to the construction of building walls, for example residential walls, from building blocks intended to be placed side by side and superimposed.

Suivant l'une des techniques utilisées, il est prévu, dans ces blocs, un ou plusieurs canaux verticaux s'étendant sur toute leur hauteur et destinés à être placés en concordance lors de l'assemblage des blocs afin de constituer des cheminées verticales s'étendant sur toute la hauteur des murs réalisés. Il est ainsi possible de couler, à l'intérieur de celles-ci, des poteaux en béton comportant chacun une armature métallique afin de supporter les charges correspondantes. Cependant les cheminées verticales ainsi constituées peuvent également servir à la réalisation de simples éléments verticaux de chaînage en béton armé coulés à l'intérieur de celles-ci, des poteaux distincts d'ossature étant par ailleurs prévus.According to one of the techniques used, there is provided, in these blocks, one or more vertical channels extending over their entire height and intended to be placed in concordance during the assembly of the blocks in order to constitute vertical chimneys s' extending over the entire height of the walls made. It is thus possible to pour, inside these, concrete posts each comprising a metal frame in order to support the corresponding loads. However, the vertical chimneys thus formed can also be used for the production of simple vertical chaining elements made of reinforced concrete poured inside thereof, separate studs of framework being also provided.

Mais dans l'un et l'autre cas, cela implique de couler sur place des poteaux ou éléments de chaînage en béton. Or cette opération présente un certain nombre de difficultés et elle est relativement onéreuse.But in both cases, this involves pouring concrete poles or chaining elements on site. However, this operation presents a certain number of difficulties and it is relatively expensive.

C'est pourquoi la présente invention a pour but de permettre l'édification de murs par assemblage de blocs préfabriqués par des moyens mécaniques sans qu'il soit nécessaire de couler sur place des poteaux ou éléments verticaux de chaînage en béton.This is why the present invention aims to allow the construction of walls by assembling prefabricated blocks by mechanical means without the need to pour in place poles or vertical concrete chaining elements.

A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un ensemble d'éléments de construction comprenant, en combinaison avec des blocs préfabriqués pourvus de canaux verticaux, une série de tirants de post-contrainte susceptibles d'être disposés chacun dans une cheminée verticale formée sur toute la hauteur d'un mur édifié au moyen de tels blocs, et dont chacun comporte à son pied un dispositif d'ancrage apte à se déployer après mise en place du tirant correspondant pour prendre appui, de bas en haut, contre un épaulement intérieur des longrines du soubassement ou contre la face inférieure des blocs du lit inférieur de l'ensemble, ou d'un autre lit déterminé, cependant que l'extrémité supérieure de chacun de ces tirants est pourvu d'un organe de serrage apte à s'appliquer de haut en bas, sur les blocs de construction du lit supérieur, ou sur un élément intermédiaire d'appui.To this end, the subject of the invention is a set of construction elements comprising, in combination with prefabricated blocks provided with vertical channels, a series of post-tension rods which can each be placed in a vertical chimney formed on any the height of a wall built by means of such blocks, and each of which comprises at its foot an anchoring device capable of deploying after fitting the corresponding tie rod to bear, from bottom to top, against an internal shoulder of the sills of the base or against the underside of the blocks of the lower bed of the assembly, or of another determined bed, while the upper end of each of these tie rods is provided with a clamping member capable of being applied from top to bottom, on the building blocks of the upper bed, or on an intermediate support element.

Ainsi, après édification d'un mur, il est possible de mettre en place de tels tirants dans toutes les cheminées verticales formées par les blocs, ou tout au moins dans certaines d'entre elles. Ceci permet de mettre sous tension le mur sur toute sa hauteur, ou une partie de celle-ci, de façon qu'il soit apte à supporter les charges s'exerçant ultérieurement sur lui.Thus, after building a wall, it is possible to set up such tie rods in all the vertical chimneys formed by the blocks, or at least in some of them. This makes it possible to energize the wall over its entire height, or a part of it, so that it is able to support the loads exerted subsequently on it.

Les tirants ainsi prévus assurent ainsi un chaînage vertical des blocs utilisés pour l'édification d'un mur.The tie rods thus provided thus ensure vertical chaining of the blocks used for the construction of a wall.

Cependant d'autres particularités et avantages de l'ensemble d'éléments de construction selon l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante. Celle-ci est donnée en référence au dessin annexé à simple titre indicatif, et sur lequel :

  • La figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe verticale, selon un plan longitudinal médian, d'un mur réalisé au moyen des éléments de construction selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe tranversale selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue de détail en coupe, selon le même plan que la figure 1 mais à échelle différente pour représenter le dispositif d'ancrage prévu à l'extrémité inférieure d'un tirant vertical ;
  • La figure 4 est une vue de détail en coupe verticale représentant les moyens de serrage prévus à l'extrémité supérieure d'un tel tirant ;
  • Les figures 5 à 8 sont des vues similaires à la figure 3 mais qui représentent quatre modes d'ancrage de l'extrémité inférieure des tirants verticaux ;
  • Les figures 9 à 11 sont également des vues similaires à la figure 3 mais qui représentent trois autres formes de réalisation du dispositif d'ancrage prévu à l'extrémité inférieure des tirants verticaux ;
  • La figure 12 est une vue en perspective de l'un des organes d'assemblage prévus entre deux blocs superposés.
However, other particularities and advantages of the set of construction elements according to the invention will appear during the following description. This is given with reference to the attached drawing for information only, and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view in vertical section, along a median longitudinal plane, of a wall produced by means of the construction elements according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a detailed sectional view, along the same plane as Figure 1 but on a different scale to represent the anchoring device provided at the lower end of a vertical tie;
  • Figure 4 is a detail view in vertical section showing the clamping means provided at the upper end of such a tie;
  • Figures 5 to 8 are views similar to Figure 3 but showing four modes of anchoring the lower end of the vertical tie rods;
  • Figures 9 to 11 are also views similar to Figure 3 but showing three other embodiments of the anchoring device provided at the lower end of the vertical tie rods;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of one of the assembly members provided between two superimposed blocks.

Les blocs de construction 1 faisant partie du présent ensemble affectent la forme de parallèlépipèdes rectangles et ils peuvent être moulés en béton normal de ciment et gravier. Chacun de ces blocs comporte au moins deux canaux s'étendant sur toute sa hauteur et dont la disposition est telle que lors de la superposition de ceux-ci, il soit possible de les placer en concordance pour former cheminées verticales sur toute la hauteur du mur réalisé.The building blocks 1 forming part of the present set affect the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds and they can be molded in normal cement and gravel concrete. Each of these blocks has at least two channels extending over its entire height and whose arrangement is such that when they are superimposed, it is possible to place them in concordance to form vertical chimneys over the entire height of the wall. realized.

Ainsi dans l'exemple représenté aux figures 1 et 2, chaque bloc 1 présente trois canaux verticaux 2 dont les axes sont disposés selon le plan longitudinal médian de chacun. L'un de ces canaux est situé au milieu et les deux autres de part et d'autre, à égale distance. Dans ces conditions ces blocs peuvent être superposés en réalisant un décalage ou "harpage", entre un lit et le lit suivant tout en obtenant la concordance des canaux 2 pour constituer une série de cheminées verticales s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du mur réalisé, comme on peut le constater d'après la figure 1.Thus in the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, each block 1 has three vertical channels 2 whose axes are arranged along the median longitudinal plane of each. One of these channels is located in the middle and the other two on either side, at equal distance. Under these conditions, these blocks can be superimposed by making an offset or "harping" between a bed and the next bed while obtaining the concordance of the channels 2 to constitute a series of vertical chimneys extending over the entire height of the wall produced, as can be seen from Figure 1.

A son extrémité supérieure , chacun des canaux présente une partie élargie 3 formant un chambrage. Celui-ci est destiné à recevoir la base d'un organe de positionnement et d'assemblage. Comme représenté à la figure 11,chacun de ces organes d'assemblage affecte la forme d'un plot creux 4 comprenant deux parties cylindriques distinctes 5 et 6 de diamètre différent se raccordant par un épaulement 7. La partie 5 de plus grand diamètre est destinée à constituer la base de cet organe d'assemblage et à être placée en conséquence à l'intérieur du chambrage 3 prévu à l'extrémité supérieure d'un canal 2 d'un bloc 1 d'un lit déterminé. Ainsi la partie supérieure 6 des organes d'assemblage 4,placés en attente sur les blocs d'un tel lit, fait saillie au-dessus de ceux-ci pour s'engager dans l'extrémité inférieure des canaux 2 des blocs 1 placés au-dessus. Ceci assure à la fois le positionnement convenable de ces blocs et leur immobilisation dans un plan horizontal.At its upper end, each of the channels has an enlarged part 3 forming a recess. This is intended to receive the base of a positioning and assembly member. As shown in FIG. 11, each of these assembly members assumes the shape of a hollow stud 4 comprising two distinct cylindrical parts 5 and 6 of different diameter connected by a shoulder 7. The part 5 of larger diameter is intended to form the base of this assembly member and to be placed accordingly inside the recess 3 provided at the upper end of a channel 2 of a block 1 of a determined bed. Thus, the upper part 6 of the assembly members 4, placed in standby on the blocks of such a bed, projects above them to engage in the lower end of the channels 2 of the blocks 1 placed at the -above. This ensures both the proper positioning of these blocks and their immobilization in a horizontal plane.

Les plots d'assemblage 4 ainsi prévus peuvent être avantageusement fabriqués par moulage en une matière plastique déformable, par. exemple en polyéthylène. Leurs parois peuvent alors comporter une série d'ondulations horizontales, comme représenté à la figure 11.The assembly pads 4 thus provided can advantageously be produced by molding in a plastic material deformable, par. example in polyethylene. Their walls can then include a series of horizontal undulations, as shown in FIG. 11.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 1 et 2, les blocs 1 constituant le mur correspondant sont disposés au-dessus d'une longrine horizontale 8 en béton qui peut s'étendre de façon continue sur toute la longueur de ce mur. Or cette longrine comporte elle-même une série de canaux verticaux 9 présentant le même écartement que les canaux 2 des blocs 1. De plus ces canaux 9 comportent eux-mêmes un élargissement 3 à leur extrémité supérieure pour recevoir un plot d'assemblage 4 afin de permettre le positionnement et l'assemblage des blocs 1 du lit inférieur.In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the blocks 1 constituting the corresponding wall are arranged above a horizontal sill 8 of concrete which can extend continuously over the entire length of this wall. However, this sill itself comprises a series of vertical channels 9 having the same spacing as the channels 2 of the blocks 1. In addition, these channels 9 themselves include an enlargement 3 at their upper end to receive an assembly stud 4 so to allow the positioning and assembly of the blocks 1 of the lower bed.

Cependant, en un point intermédiaire de leur hauteur, les canaux verticaux 9 de la longrine 8 présentent un autre élargissement 10 qui s'étend jusqu'à leur extrémité inférieure. Cet élargissement détermine ainsi un épaulement 11, situé à mi-hauteur, et qui est destiné à permettre l'ancrage des tirants placés à l'intérieur des cheminées verticales réalisées dans le mur.However, at an intermediate point in their height, the vertical channels 9 of the sill 8 have another widening 10 which extends to their lower end. This widening thus determines a shoulder 11, located at mid-height, and which is intended to allow the anchoring of the tie rods placed inside the vertical chimneys made in the wall.

Chacun de ces tirants consiste en une tige métallique 12 de longueur légèrement supérieure à celle du mur réalisé. A son extrémité inférieure cette tige porte un dispositif d'ancrage apte à se déployer, après mise en place du tirant correspondant, pour prendre appui, de bas en haut, contre 1 épaulement 11 prévu à l'intérieur de la longrine 8.Each of these tie rods consists of a metal rod 12 of length slightly greater than that of the wall produced. At its lower end, this rod carries an anchoring device capable of deploying, after the corresponding tie rod has been put in place, to bear, from bottom to top, against 1 shoulder 11 provided inside the sill 8.

Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 3, ce dispositif d'ancrage est constitué par deux ailettes 13 montées librement pivotantes autour d'un axe horizontal 14 porté par l'extrémité inférieure du tirant 12. Lors de l'engagement de ce tirant à l'intérieur d'une cheminée verticale, ces deux ailettes 13 sont repliées contre celui-ci;dans la position représentée en traits mixtes sur la figure 3. Elles glissent alors, contre les parois internes des différents canaux verticaux 9 successifs, par l'intermédiaire de pans coupés 15 prévus à leurs extrémités. Du reste ces pans coupés assurent automatiquement le repliement voulu de ces ailettes lors del' engagement d'un tirant 12 dans une cheminée verticale.In the example shown in FIG. 3, this anchoring device is constituted by two fins 13 mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis 14 carried by the lower end of the tie rod 12. During the engagement of this tie rod with inside a vertical chimney, these two fins 13 are folded against it, in the position shown in phantom in Figure 3. They then slide, against the internal walls of the different vertical channels 9 successive, by the intermediate cut sections 15 provided at their ends. Besides, these cut sides ensure auto matically the desired folding of these fins when engaging a tie rod 12 in a vertical chimney.

Cependant lorsque l'extrémité inférieure d'un tel tirant est parvenue dans la position représentée à la figure 3, ces deux ailettes 13 pivotent automatiquement vers l'extérieur sous le simple effet de leur propre poids et leurs extrémités se placent ainsi en regard de l'épaulement 11. Plus exactement c'est un autre pan coupé 16 des extrémités de ces ailettes qui est alors situé en regard de cet épaulement, comme représenté à la figure 3.However, when the lower end of such a tie has reached the position shown in FIG. 3, these two fins 13 pivot automatically towards the outside under the simple effect of their own weight and their ends are thus placed opposite the 'shoulder 11. More precisely, it is another cutaway 16 of the ends of these fins which is then located opposite this shoulder, as shown in FIG. 3.

L'extrémité supérieure des tirants 12 est pourvue d'un organe de serrage qui permet d'appuyer les ailettes 13 du dispositif inférieur d'agrippage contre 1 ' épaulement 11 et de mettre sous tension l'ensemble du mur réalisé. Dans l'exemple représenté, cet organe de serrage consiste en un écrou 17 vissé sur un filetage 18 prévu à l'extrémité supérieure de chaque tirant 12. Cet écrou est solidaire d'une rondelle d'appui 19 et il est en plus prévu un contre- écrou 20 de blocage.The upper end of the tie rods 12 is provided with a clamping member which makes it possible to press the fins 13 of the lower gripping device against the shoulder 11 and to tension the entire wall produced. In the example shown, this tightening member consists of a nut 17 screwed onto a thread 18 provided at the upper end of each tie rod 12. This nut is integral with a support washer 19 and there is also provided a lock nut 20.

De préférence, un élément intermédiaire d'appui est prévu sur le bord supérieur du mur réalisé. Cet élément peut consister en une lisse horizontale 21, en bois ou autre matériau approprié,comportant une série de canaux verticaux 22 présentant le même écartement que les canaux 2 des blocs de construction 1. Cette lisse est positionnée et immobilisée sur le dessus du mur de la même façon que les différents lits des blocs de construction, c'est-à-dire au moyen de plots 4 d'assemblage disposés au préalable à l'intérieur des cham- brages supérieurs 3 des blocs 1 du lit supérieur de l'ensemble. On peut ainsi disposer, sur toute la longueur d'un même mur, une série de lisses 21 solidarisées les unes à la suite des autres au moyen de connecteurs métalliques. L'ensemble ainsi constitué assure un chaînage horizontal du mur sur son bord supérieur, cependant que les longrines 8 du soubassement assurent pour leur part un chaînage horizontal sur le bord inférieur.Preferably, an intermediate support element is provided on the upper edge of the wall produced. This element may consist of a horizontal rail 21, made of wood or other suitable material, comprising a series of vertical channels 22 having the same spacing as the channels 2 of the building blocks 1. This rail is positioned and immobilized on top of the wall of the same way as the different beds of the building blocks, that is to say by means of studs 4 of assembly arranged beforehand inside the upper chambers 3 of the blocks 1 of the upper bed of the assembly . It is thus possible to have, over the entire length of the same wall, a series of stringers 21 secured one after the other by means of metal connectors. The assembly thus formed ensures horizontal chaining of the wall on its upper edge, while the sills 8 of the base provide for their part a horizontal chaining on the lower edge.

Comme représenté sur la figure 1 il est possible de s'abstenir de disposer des tirants 12 dans la totalité des cheminées verticales constituées par les canaux 2 des blocs 1. En effet il suffit de disposer suffisamment de tirants pour assurer un chaînage vertical avec tous les blocs de l'ensemble. Toutefois il est également possible de disposer des tirants 12 dans toutes les cheminées verticales ainsi constituées.As shown in Figure 1 it is possible to refrain from having tie rods 12 in all of the vertical chimneys formed by the channels 2 of the blocks 1. Indeed, it suffices to have enough tie rods to ensure vertical chaining with all the blocks of the assembly. However, it is also possible to have tie rods 12 in all the vertical chimneys thus formed.

La mise sous tension de ces tirants permet d'assurer, non seulement le chaînage vertical du mur réalisé mais également de mettre celui-ci en mesure de résister aux efforts et charges qui s'exerceront ultérieurement sur lui. Or ce résultat est obtenu sans qu'il soit nécessaire de couler sur place des chaînages verticaux ou des poteaux en béton. A ce sujet il convient de noter que la mise en place des tirants verticaux est extrêmement facile à réaliser. En effet il suffit d'engager chacun de ceux-ci dans l'extrémité supérieure d'une cheminée verticale du mur correspondant et de le faire coulisser vers le bas jusqu'à ce que son dispositif d'agrippage se trouve situé au-dessous de l'épaulement d'appui 11 prévu pour celui-ci. A ce moment les ailettes 13 de ce dispositif d'agrippage se déploient automatiquement sous l'effet de leur propre poids, de sorte qu'il suffit ensuite de procéder au serrage au moyen de l'écrou 17 prévu à cet effet.The tensioning of these tie rods makes it possible to ensure not only the vertical chaining of the wall produced but also to put it able to resist the forces and loads which will be exerted on it later. However, this result is obtained without the need to pour in place vertical chains or concrete posts. In this regard, it should be noted that the installation of vertical tie rods is extremely easy to carry out. Indeed it suffices to engage each of these in the upper end of a vertical chimney of the corresponding wall and to slide it down until its gripping device is located below the support shoulder 11 provided for the latter. At this moment the fins 13 of this gripping device deploy automatically under the effect of their own weight, so that it then suffices to tighten by means of the nut 17 provided for this purpose.

Cependant, comme représenté à la figure 5, le dispositif d'agrippage des tirants 12 peut être appliqué contre la face inférieure des blocs 1 du lit inférieur de l'ensemble, au lieu de l'être contre l'épaulement 11 prévu à l'intérieur des longrines 8 du soubassement. A cet effet il convient de placer l'extrémité inférieure des tirants 12 au niveau de l'élargissement 3 de l'extrémité supérieure du canal 9 de la longrine 8 correspondante. Ainsi les ailettes 13 du dispositif d'agrippage se déploient à l'intérieur de cet élargissement pour s'appuyer de bas en haut- contre la face inférieure du bloc 1 correspondant du lit inférieur de l'ensemble.However, as shown in FIG. 5, the tie-rod gripping device 12 can be applied against the underside of the blocks 1 of the lower bed of the assembly, instead of being against the shoulder 11 provided at the interior of the sills 8 of the base. To this end, the lower end of the tie rods 12 should be placed at the level of the widening 3 of the upper end of the channel 9 of the corresponding sill 8. Thus the fins 13 of the gripping device are deployed inside this enlargement to rest from bottom up- against the underside of the corresponding block 1 of the lower bed of the assembly.

Dans le cas où un plot d'assemblage 4 est disposé à l'intérieur de l'élargissement supérieur 3 des canaux verticaux 9 de la longrine 8, les ailettes 13 du dispositif d'agrip- page viennent prendre appui contre la face interne de l'épaulement 7 du plot correspondant, comme représenté sur la figure 6. En effet la présence de ce plot ne gêne en aucune façon le déploiement et l'appui du dispositif d'agrippage 13.In the case where an assembly stud 4 is disposed inside the upper widening 3 of the vertical channels 9 of the sill 8, the fins 13 of the gripping device come to bear against the internal face of the 'shoulder 7 of the corresponding stud, as shown in FIG. 6. The presence of this stud does not in any way hinder the deployment and the support of the gripping device 13.

Il convient de noter que le dispositif inférieur d'agrip- page 13 des tirants 12 peut également être accroché en un point intermédiaire de la hauteur d'un mur pour réaliser un chaînage s'étendant seulement sur une partie de cette hauteur. Dans un tel cas, il suffit de placer le dispositif d'agrippage 13 du tirant 12 correspondant à l'intérieur de l'élargissement 3 situé immédiatement au-dessous du bloc 1 du lit contre lequel ce dispositif doit prendre appui. Les ailettes 13 se déploient alors à l'intérieur de cet élargissement comme représenté à la figure 7 pour prendre appui sur la face inférieur du bloc 1 situé au-dessus. Dans un tel cas un organe d'assemblage 4 peut être placé à l'intérieur de cet élargissement, comme représenté à la figure 8.It should be noted that the lower gripping device page 13 of the tie rods 12 can also be hung at an intermediate point of the height of a wall in order to make a chaining extending only over part of this height. In such a case, it suffices to place the gripping device 13 of the tie rod 12 corresponding to the inside of the enlargement 3 located immediately below the block 1 of the bed against which this device must bear. The fins 13 are then deployed inside this enlargement as shown in Figure 7 to bear on the underside of the block 1 located above. In such a case, an assembly member 4 can be placed inside this enlargement, as shown in FIG. 8.

Le dispositif d'agrippage,prévu à l'extrémité inférieure des tirants 12,peut alors être réalisé différemment pour autant qu'il comporte des organes susceptibles de se déployer dans leur position de travail,soit sous l'effet de leur propre poids, soit sous l'effet de moyens d'actionnement, mécaniques ou autres.The gripping device, provided at the lower end of the tie rods 12, can then be produced differently provided that it comprises members capable of deploying in their working position, either under the effect of their own weight, or under the effect of actuating means, mechanical or other.

Ainsi, à la place d'ailettes pivotantes 13, il serait possible de prévoir une plaque basculante unique susceptible de venir dans sa position de travail sous l'effet de son propre poids.Thus, instead of pivoting fins 13, it would be possible to provide a single tilting plate capable of coming into its working position under the effect of its own weight.

Cependant la figure 9 représente une autre forme de réalisation dans laquelle le dispositif d'agrippage 25,prévu à l'extrémité inférieure du tirant correspondant 12a, est constitué par un petit boîtier renfermant deux pistons 26 susceptibles de faire saillie sous l'action de ressorts de poussée 27 afin d'être en mesure de prendre appui contre l'épaulement intérieur 11 des longrines 8 du soubassement ou contre la face inférieure des blocs de construction 1.However, FIG. 9 represents another embodiment in which the gripping device 25, provided at the lower end of the corresponding tie rod 12a, is constituted by a small box containing two pistons 26 capable of protruding under the action of springs thrust 27 in order to be able to bear against the internal shoulder 11 of the sills 8 of the base or against the underside of the building blocks 1.

La figure 10 représente une autre forme de réalisation dans laquelle le tirant correspondant 12b porte, à son extrémité inférieure,un dispositif d'agrippage constitué par une plaque basculante 28 montée articulée autour d'un axe horizontal 29. Ainsi, après sa descente dans la position inclinée représentée à la figure 10, cette plaque tend automatiquement à basculer dès qu'elle parvient au-dessous du niveau des épaulements 11 prévus pour son accrochage. Il suffit alors de remonter le tirant 12b pour appliquer cette plaque contre ces épaulements (position représentée en traits mixtes)et de procéder ensuite au serrage.FIG. 10 represents another embodiment in which the corresponding tie rod 12b carries, at its lower end, a gripping device constituted by a tilting plate 28 mounted articulated about a horizontal axis 29. Thus, after its descent into the inclined position shown in Figure 10, this plate automatically tends to tilt as soon as it reaches below the level of the shoulders 11 provided for its attachment. It then suffices to raise the tie rod 12b to apply this plate against these shoulders (position shown in phantom) and then to proceed with the tightening.

La figure 11 représente une autre forme de réalisation encore du dispositif d'ancrage des tirants. Dans celle-ci l'extrémité inférieure du tirant correspondant 12c porte des saillies 30 destinées à assurer son ancrage dans une masse 31 de produit de scellement, tel que béton, mortier ou autre produit approprié. Ce produit est alors injecté à travers un canal transversal 32 ménagé dans les blocs 1, et dans la longrine 8, au-dessous du niveau des épaulements d'appui 11. Après solidification, le bloc d'ancrage ainsi constitué prend donc appui sur ces épaulements ce qui permet le serrage des tirants correspondants.FIG. 11 shows yet another embodiment of the device for anchoring the tie rods. In it the lower end of the corresponding tie 12c carries projections 30 intended to ensure its anchoring in a mass 31 of sealing product, such as concrete, mortar or other suitable product. This product is then injected through a transverse channel 32 formed in the blocks 1, and in the sill 8, below the level of the support shoulders 11. After solidification, the anchoring block thus formed therefore rests on these shoulders which allows the tightening of the corresponding tie rods.

Mais encore une fois de nombreuses autres formes de réalisation peuvent être envisagées pour le dispositif d'agrip- page prévu à l'extrémité inférieure des tirants verticaux 12, les moyens d'actionnement des organes d'appui pouvant être de natures diverses.But once again, numerous other embodiments can be envisaged for the gripping device provided at the lower end of the vertical tie rods 12, the means for actuating the support members being able to be of various kinds.

Par ailleurs, au lieu d'être constitués par des tiges rigides, les tirants verticaux pourraient consister en des câbles multibrins. Dans un tel cas le dispositif d'agrippage pourrait être monté coulissant sur chacun de ces câbles de façon à pouvoir descendre dans sa position de travail par simple gravité.Furthermore, instead of being constituted by rigid rods, the vertical tie rods could consist of multi-strand cables. In such a case, the gripping device could be slidably mounted on each of these cables so as to be able to descend into its working position by simple gravity.

D'autre part, le système de chaînage, prévu par la partie supérieure pourrait être réalisé différemment. Ainsi il serait possible d'utiliser des éléments coulés en béton, ou bien encore des éléments métalliques assemblés entre eux par soudure ou boulonnage, ou des éléments en matière plastique raccordés par tous moyens appropriés.On the other hand, the chaining system, provided by the upper part could be implemented differently. Thus it would be possible to use elements cast in concrete, or even metal elements assembled together by welding or bolting, or plastic elements connected by any suitable means.

Les éléments de construction selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés pour la réalisation des murs d'une maison d'habitation ou de tout autre bâtiment ou construction.The building elements according to the invention can be used for making the walls of a dwelling house or any other building or construction.

Claims (6)

1 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction comprenant des blocs parallèlépipèdiques présentant un ou plusieurs canaux s'étendant sur toute leur hauteur et destinés à permettre l'édification de murs par disposition côte à côte et superposition de tels blocs en formant des cheminées verticales de chaînage s'étendant sur toute la hauteur des murs réalisés, caractérisé en ce qu'en combinaison avec ces blocs (1), cet ensemble comprend des tirants (12) de post-contrainte, susceptibles d'être disposés chacun dans une cheminée verticale formée sur toute la hauteur d'un mur édifié au moyen de tels blocs (1), chacun de ces tirants comportant à son pied un dispositif d'ancrage (13, 25, 28) apte à se déployer après mise en place du tirant correspondant pour prendre appui, de bas en haut, contre un épaulement intérieur (11) des longrines (8) du soubassement ou contre la face inférieure des blocs (1) du lit inférieur de l'ensemble, ou d'un autre lit déterminé, cependant que l'extrémité supérieure de chacun de ces tirants est pourvue d'un organe de serrage (17) apte à s'appliquer, de haut en bas, sur les blocs de construction du lit supérieur, ou sur un élément intermédiaire d'appui (21).1 - Set of construction elements comprising parallelepipedic blocks having one or more channels extending over their entire height and intended to allow the construction of walls by arrangement side by side and superposition of such blocks by forming vertical chaining chimneys extending over the entire height of the walls made, characterized in that in combination with these blocks (1), this assembly comprises post-tensioning tie rods (12), each capable of being placed in a vertical chimney formed on the entire height of a wall constructed by means of such blocks (1), each of these tie rods comprising at its foot an anchoring device (13, 25, 28) capable of deploying after the corresponding tie rod has been put in place to take support, from bottom to top, against an internal shoulder (11) of the sills (8) of the base or against the underside of the blocks (1) of the lower bed of the assembly, or of another determined bed, while l upper end of ch none of these tie rods is provided with a clamping member (17) capable of being applied, from top to bottom, on the building blocks of the upper bed, or on an intermediate support element (21). 2 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les longrines (8) de soubassement comportent des canaux verticaux (9) ayant le même écartement que les canaux verticaux (2) des blocs (1), et ces canaux (9) présentent au moins un élargissement déterminant un épaulement orienté vers le bas et contre lequel peut s'appuyer le dispositif d'ancrage (13, 25, 28) porté par l'extrémité inférieure des tirants (12).2 - assembly of building elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the sills (8) of the base comprise vertical channels (9) having the same spacing as the vertical channels (2) of the blocks (1), and these channels (9) have at least one widening determining a downward facing shoulder against which the anchoring device (13, 25, 28) supported by the lower end of the tie rods (12) can bear. 3 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les canaux verticaux (9) des longrines (8) du soubassement présentent deux élargissements situés respectivement à leur extrémité supérieure et en un point intermédiaire de leur hauteur, ce dernier déterminant, dans chaque canal, un épaulement (11) contre lequel peut s'appuyer le dispositif d'ancrage (13, 25, 28) d'un tirant (12), cependant que l'élargissement prévu dans le haut permet d'appuyer le dispositif d'ancrage des tirants (12) contre la face inférieure des blocs (1) du lit inférieur d'un mur.3 - assembly of building elements according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical channels (9) of the sills (8) of the base have two enlargements located respectively at their upper end and at an intermediate point of their height, the latter determining, in each channel, a shoulder (11) against which the anchoring device (13, 25, 28) can rest against a tie rod (12), while the widening provided at the top makes it possible to press the anchoring device of the tie rods (12) against the underside of the blocks (1) of the lower bed of a wall. 4 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément intermédiaire d'appui, prévu à l'extrémité supérieure d'un mur, consiste en une lisse (21), en bois ou autre matériau approprié, comportant une série de canaux verticaux présentant le même écartement que les canaux (2) des blocs (1)4 - assembly of building elements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate support element, provided at the upper end of a wall, consists of a rail (21), of wood or other suitable material, comprising a series of vertical channels having the same spacing as the channels (2) of the blocks (1) 5 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'agrippage porté par l'extrémité inférieure de chaque tirant (12) comporte des organes aptes à se déployer en regard del'épaulement d'appui prévu pour ceux-ci et ce, soit sous l'effet de leur propre poids, soit sous l'effet de moyens d'actionnement appropriés, mécaniques ou autres.5 - assembly of building elements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gripping device carried by the lower end of each tie (12) comprises members capable of being deployed opposite the shoulder d 'support provided for them and this, either under the effect of their own weight, or under the effect of appropriate actuating means, mechanical or other. 6 - Ensemble d'éléments de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'agrippage porté par l'extrémité inférieure de chaque tirant (12c) est constitué par des saillies (30) destinées à assurer son ancrage dans une masse (31) d'un produit de scellement injecté à travers un canal transversal (32) prévu à cet effet dans les blocs (1).6 - assembly of building elements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gripping device carried by the lower end of each tie (12c) is constituted by projections (30) intended to ensure its anchoring in a mass (31) of a sealant injected through a transverse channel (32) provided for this purpose in the blocks (1).
EP85401078A 1984-06-01 1985-05-31 Set of building elements for the erection of walls by post-tensioning Withdrawn EP0165856A1 (en)

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FR8408648A FR2565278B1 (en) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 SET OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FOR POST-STRESS WALL BUILDING
FR8408648 1984-06-01

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1063434A2 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-12-27 Steffen Baden Wall anchor for reinforcing and/or securing walls
US6282859B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2001-09-04 Franciscus Antonius Maria Van Der Heijden Building system comprising individual building elements
US7556208B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2009-07-07 Max Bogl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Company KG Pre-assembled plate consisting of armoured concrete
WO2011089442A1 (en) * 2010-01-22 2011-07-28 Springair Limited Brick
EP3530832A1 (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-08-28 Erminio Mattei Modular system for making structures and procedure for setting-up said modular system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR751677A (en) * 1933-01-21 1933-09-07 Method of construction of one-story buildings
FR2116622A5 (en) * 1970-12-01 1972-07-21 Dupin Robert
FR2221012A5 (en) * 1973-03-09 1974-10-04 Shibata Mituo
DE2700022A1 (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-07-06 Schach Alfred Dr Large prefabricated wall element - has vertical concrete pillars extending through holes to link top and bottom concreted chords
FR2439848A1 (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-23 Valette Nicole Prefabricated building construction - has precast wall panels fixed by vertical tie bars in joint grooves and which also fix cleats for roof frames

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR751677A (en) * 1933-01-21 1933-09-07 Method of construction of one-story buildings
FR2116622A5 (en) * 1970-12-01 1972-07-21 Dupin Robert
FR2221012A5 (en) * 1973-03-09 1974-10-04 Shibata Mituo
DE2700022A1 (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-07-06 Schach Alfred Dr Large prefabricated wall element - has vertical concrete pillars extending through holes to link top and bottom concreted chords
FR2439848A1 (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-23 Valette Nicole Prefabricated building construction - has precast wall panels fixed by vertical tie bars in joint grooves and which also fix cleats for roof frames

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6282859B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2001-09-04 Franciscus Antonius Maria Van Der Heijden Building system comprising individual building elements
EP1063434A2 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-12-27 Steffen Baden Wall anchor for reinforcing and/or securing walls
EP1063434A3 (en) * 1999-05-20 2001-02-21 Steffen Baden Wall anchor for reinforcing and/or securing walls
US7556208B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2009-07-07 Max Bogl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Company KG Pre-assembled plate consisting of armoured concrete
WO2011089442A1 (en) * 2010-01-22 2011-07-28 Springair Limited Brick
EP3530832A1 (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-08-28 Erminio Mattei Modular system for making structures and procedure for setting-up said modular system

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FR2565278B1 (en) 1986-08-22
FR2565278A1 (en) 1985-12-06

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