FR2614336A1 - PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION, IN PARTICULAR FLOOR ELEMENT, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENT WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION, IN PARTICULAR FLOOR ELEMENT, INCLUDING AN INSULATING BLOCK 10 OF ELONGATED SHAPE IN A THERMALLY INSULATING MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE, AND A RESISTANT RIB IN THEREIN, IN PARTICULAR OR PREVIOUSLY INCLUDED. INSULATING BLOCK AND CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE PREFABRICATED BEAM 22 WITH AN UPDATED T SECTION WHICH IS NESTED IN A LONGITUDINAL GROOVE 20 OF ADAPTED SHAPE WHICH IS CONTAINED IN THE INSULATION BLOCK OVER ITS ENTIRE LENGTH AND WHICH OPENS ON ONE FACE OF THE INSULATION BLOCK .

Description

Prefabricated building element with thermal insulation

  integrated, in particular floor element, and method

for its manufacture.

  The invention relates to a prefabricated building element.

  with integrated thermal insulation, which can in particular constitute a floor element, as well as a process

for its manufacture.

  The building element according to the invention is of the type comprising an insulating block of continuous elongated shape

  in a thermally insulating material, in particular in polys-

  expanded tyrene, and a resistant rib, in particular in reinforced or prestressed concrete, integrated in the length

of the insulating block.

  We already know construction elements of this type which are intended to constitute floor elements,

  such as interjoists, or elements of sub-

  roof. Such elements are designed to allow a reach in one piece between two elements

  support, for example, between two support walls.

  The blocks of insulating material which are part of these known construction elements generally have a length of several meters for a width generally less than one meter, for example of the order of 60 cm.

  These known building elements are obtained usually-

  Lement by pouring a material such as concrete into an appropriately shaped groove formed by insulating blocks butted along the length to obtain the span of the floor, reinforcements such as reinforcements of reinforced concrete being, if necessary, embedded in the

  fresh material poured into the groove.

  These known construction elements have different

  many drawbacks, especially with regard to their manufacture. Indeed, the independent insulating blocks in which the ribs are cast constitute particularly bulky molds which occupy an important place in the manufacturing plant, especially

  during the manufacture and also the storage of these elements

  and which require excessive handling linked to the difficulty of industrializing this manufacturing process. Furthermore, it is difficult to adapt the length of these construction elements to the desired span since it is necessary each time to provide a mold of appropriate length or else cut the rib to the desired length after hardening of the material which

constitutes it.

  The invention aims in particular to avoid the drawbacks

  building elements with internal thermal insulation

prior art.

  To this end, it proposes a prefabricated construction element of the type defined above, in which the

  rib consists of at least one prefabricated beam

  quée with inverted T section which is fitted into a longitudinal groove of suitable shape which is formed in the insulating block over its entire length and which opens onto a large face or top face of the insulating block, the prefabricated beam comprising a foot, again called "core", arranged on the side of the top face of the insulating block and a heel arranged on the side of the other

large face or sub face of the block.

  Thus, in accordance with the invention, it is possible to simply produce, in the factory or on site, prefabricated construction elements with integrated thermal insulation from beams and insulating blocks coming from

  from stocks and industrially produced.

  The manufacture of such elements is particularly simple to implement since the main operation consists of fitting the beams into the insulating blocks. This avoids the material casting operations, necessary in the prior art,

  which can only be used in a production plant

  tion. In addition, in accordance with the invention, the construction elements can be adapted to the desired length by choosing commercial joists from stock of length corresponding to the desired span, these commercial joists usually being available with a whole range of lengths s spreading by

example of 5 in 5 cm.

  In a first embodiment of the invention,

  the groove has an internal inverted T section corresponding

  dant substantially to the outer section of the prefabricated beam and opening onto the top face of the insulating block by a connecting zone whose section widens progressively from the groove towards the top face of the insulating block, the latter being provided with slots or notches which open into the bottom of the groove, which makes it possible to elastically deform the insulating block to widen the groove, then introduce the prefabricated beam in the widened groove and allow the insulating block to return to its initial configuration not deformed to thus trap the beam

prefabricated in the groove.

  In a second embodiment of the invention, the groove has an inverted internal T-section of internal section which is wider than the external section of the prefabricated beam and opens onto the top face of the insulating block by a connection zone the section widens gradually from the groove to the height of the beam to obtain a profile called "seam allowance" and is connected to the top face of the insulating block, wedging means being provided for

  block and immobilize the beam in the groove.

  These wedging means may comprise a filling mass made of a more or less rapid setting material or else they may comprise a wedging profile or shims having a cross section of shape complementary to that of the beam to ensure blocking without

  play of the beam in the groove.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the element

  building construction further comprises an underside plate attached to the underside of the insulating block, for example by gluing or by connecting means

  mechanical crossing the thickness of the insulating block.

  According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the building element comprises a concrete slab covering at least partially the top face of the block

  insulating and ensuring a connection with the foot of the beam

the prefab.

  This concrete slab can be cast in the factory or

  on site after installation of the construction element

tion in its final position.

  According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building element such as

  defined above, this essential process consisting of-

  LEMENT to fit the prefabricated beam in the

groove of the insulating block. -

  To manufacture a construction element in accordance with the aforementioned first embodiment, the insulating block is deformed to widen the groove, the prefabricated beam is introduced into the enlarged groove and the insulating block is allowed to return to its initial undeformed configuration to trap the prefabricated beam in the groove. Deformation of the block

  insulation can be done manually or on an assembly table

blage.

  In the case of the manufacture of a construction element

  tion according to the second embodiment above

  tee, we introduce the prefabricated beam in the groove, we move it laterally in the bottom of the groove and we then put in place the means of

wedging one side of the beam.

  As a variant, it is possible to introduce the beam into a groove with a generally rectangular section and then to place wedging means on the two sides of the beam,

  without lateral displacement of this beam.

  This last operation can consist in pouring a filling mass in a more or less fast setting material or else in introducing a wedging profile or shims in the free space (s) provided (s)

  between the prefabricated beam and the groove.

  It also falls within the scope of the invention of combinations

  ner a manufacturing process by deformation of the insulating block with a manufacturing process using

wedging means.

  In the following description, made only as

  example, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a building element according to the first embodiment mentioned above, in which the insulating block is in the deformed state and the beam is being introduced into the groove; - Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 after introduction of the beam in the groove of the insulating block, an underside plate being in the process of being placed on the insulating block, if necessary; - Figure 3A is a corresponding view of the completed building element; - Figure 3B illustrates a variant of the element of Figure 3A; - Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a building element according to the second embodiment above, showing the establishment of a beam in the groove of the insulating block and the establishment of a plate under face; - Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 4 showing the establishment of the wedging means; - Figure 6 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 5 showing the establishment of a soffit plate; - Figure 7 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 5, showing the establishment of another underside plate allowing the attachment of a plaster coating; - Figure 8 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure-6 showing the building element after pouring a concrete slab; - Figure 9 is. a detail of the longitudinal assembly of two construction elements in accordance with FIG. 8; - Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a building element according to the second embodiment mentioned above, which can constitute a roofing element; - Figure 11 is a partial end view showing the longitudinal assembly of two insulating blocks; - Figure 12 is a partial end view showing another longitudinal assembly of two insulating blocks; - Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of two construction elements according to the invention receiving a reinforced concrete slab and forming a floor; - Figure 14 is a sectional view on a beam along the line XIV-XIV of Figure 13; - Figure 15 is a sectional view on an insulating block along the line XV-XV of Figure 13; - Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a building element according to the invention forming

support for a wooden floor.

  First of all, reference is made to FIG. 1 showing a construction element according to the invention during its manufacture. This building element, which may in particular constitute a floor element, comprises an insulating block 10 of continuous elongated shape, made of a thermally insulating material, preferably of expanded polystyrene. This block has the general shape

  of a parallelepiped of substantially rectangular cross-section

  laire and includes a large face or face from above

  12 and another large opposite face or underside 14.

  The two faces 12 and 14 are plane and parallel to each other when the block 10 is in its normal configuration

not distorted.

  Furthermore, the block 10 is bounded laterally by two longitudinal edges 16 and 18, parallel to each other, and having complementary profiles so as to allow assembly, by their longitudinal edges

  two adjacent building elements.

  In the thickness of the insulating block 10 is formed a longitudinal groove 20 which opens, over its entire length, on the top face 12 of the insulating block 10

  and which also leads to the two end faces

  transverse half (not shown) of the insulating block 10.

  The rib 20 is intended to receive by interlocking a prefabricated beam 22, with inverted T section,

  which, in the example, is a precast concrete beam

  traint which can be chosen from beams of different heights in the same family. The joist

  22 includes a foot 24 and a heel 26 and is provided with arma-

  longitudinal prestressing tures 28. The beam 22 may also include reinforcements 29 which protrude outside the foot 24 to facilitate connection

  "seam" between the beam and a concrete slab.

  Such prefabricated beams are commercially available in a range of lengths

can be spread from 5 to 5 cm.

  In the non-deformed configuration of the insulating block 10 (FIGS. 2 and 3) the groove 20 has an inverted T-shaped internal section corresponding, to within the height, to the external section of the prefabricated beam, this groove opening onto the top face 12 by one

  connecting zone 30, the section of which progressively widens

  from the groove 20 to the top face 12.

  This connection zone is bounded laterally by two inclined edges 32 and 34 which are connected, at the level

  - from the entrance to groove 20, at two other edges, respectively

  36 and 38. The edges 36 and 38 are intended to bear respectively on the lateral sides

and 42 of foot 24 of the beam.

  Towards their lower part, edges 36 and 38 become

  cord with two shoulders 44 and 46 intended to cooperate

  with the lateral sides of the heel 26 of the beam.

  The edges 44 and 46 are attached to a bottom wall 48 parallel to the face 14 and suitable for receiving the face

limiting the heel of the beam.

  In addition, the insulating block 10 is provided with slots or notches 52 and 54 which open into the bottom of the groove 20 and which extend laterally the bottom wall 48 of the groove 20 and two notches 53 and 55 which also open in the bottom of the groove and which are in line with the shoulders 44 and 46. These slots or notches extend parallel or perpendicular to the underside 14 and over a sufficient depth to allow deformation

  of the insulating block as shown in Figure 1.

  In addition, on the top face 12 of the insulating block 10 are formed two parallel longitudinal grooves 56 and 58 whose function will be explained later,

  in the case of mounting an underside plate.

  The insulating block 10 constitutes a modular element of constant section, honeycombed or full, which can preferably be produced by continuous molding in a single or double profile mold. The insulating block 10 can be obtained according to standard widths and thicknesses, for example with a width of the order of 60 cm for

  thicknesses of 15 to 25 cm, and with a continuous length

  naked adapted to the desired range. This block is made of an insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene, which has sufficiently elastic properties to allow its deformation from its normal configuration to a deformed configuration as shown in Figure 1, and this for the introduction of the

beam 22 in groove 20.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the deformation of the block 10 takes place thanks to the elasticity of the insulating material and to the presence of the slots or notches 52, 53, 54 and 55 which make it possible to separate the edges 36 and 38 of the groove 20 so that the distance between these two edges is at least equal to the width of the heel 26 of the beam 22. After deformation of the insulating block, it suffices to introduce the beam 22 as indicated

  by arrow F in FIG. 1 or vice versa

  ter the insulating block on the beam. When the face of the beam 22 is in abutment on the bottom of the groove, the insulating block 10 is allowed to return to its

  initial configuration not deformed so as to imprison-

  ner the beam 22 in the groove 20 (Figure 2).

  In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the height of the groove 20 is substantially equal to the minimum height of the beam 22 so that the face 60 of

  the lowest beam is at the connection

  of edges 32 and 36 and of the connection of edges 34 and 38 of block 16. In the connection zone 30 may

  be poured later, either at the time of manufacture

  cation, either on site, a concrete table (not shown

  felt) which will be in connection with the beam 22 by the seam reinforcements 29 protruding outside the face 60, which ensures the anchoring between the table

of concrete and the joist 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the insulating block 10 can include pre-cutouts 62 close to the connection zone to allow removal, depending on the type of mounting, of excess parts of the insulating material and thus widening the connection contour. , We then obtain a connection of the concrete table with the concrete of the beam 22 only by adhesion, which eliminates the seam reinforcements 29 for beams from

  11 cm high (seam allowance).

  It should be noted that the connection between the beam 22 and the insulating block 10 can be improved by placing an adhesive in the groove 20 before the introduction of the

beam 22.

  We now refer to FIG. 2. After positioning the beam 22 in the insulating block 10, it is possible to attach to the underside 14 of the block

  an underside plate 64. This underside plate

  face, fire-resistant protection, can be realized

  in particular in reinforced plaster, in rock wool, or in other

  very materials. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the underside plate 64 is bonded by bonding to the underside 14 by means of adhesive pads 66 arranged

  beforehand on the internal face 68 of the plate 64.

  In the variant embodiment of FIG. 3A, the subface plate 64 is linked to the insulating block 10

  by means of mechanical connections crossing the thick-

  of this block, which makes it possible to complete the connection in the case of resistance to fire. In the example, these are metal nails 70 introduced successively at

  through the thickness of the plate 64 and through the thick-

  Sister of the insulating block 10. The head 72 of each nail is embedded in the plate 64 and the tip 74 crosses

  the bottom of one of the grooves 56 and 58 and is then used

  open after immobilization by clips introduced on the rods of the nails until contact with the insulating material. The respective points 74 of the nails 70 can

  thus come to anchor in the concrete table (not shown

  which will be poured later on top of the

insulating block 10.

  In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 3B, metal lines 75 are used which surround the insulating block to ensure the fixing of the plate

underside 64.

  Referring now to Figure 4. In this embodiment, the block 10 has the general shape of the block shown in Figures 1 to 3. It has a longitudinal groove 76 which extends over the entire length of the block and which is intended to receive by interlocking a beam 22, but without prior deformation of the

block 10.

  The groove 76 has the general shape of an inverted T and it opens onto the top face 12 of the insulating block by a connecting zone 78 whose section widens progressively from the groove 76 towards the face of

  above 12. This connection zone 78 is limited laterally-

  ment by inclined and straight faces 80 and 82 which are connected on the one hand to the face 12 and on the other hand to two continuous support spoilers 84 and 86 respectively. The spoiler 84 is capable of coming to bear on one of the sides of the beam 22, while the spoiler 86 is capable of coming to bear on wedging means 88 (FIGS. 5 to 7), the latter being adapted to come

  resting on the other side of the beam 22.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the two support spoilers 84 and 86 are connected to a flat wall 90 constituting the bottom of the groove and suitable for receiving the heel 26 of the beam 22, the width of the wall 90 being

  greater than that of the heel of the beam.

  Furthermore, the free space provided between the two spouts

  support quets 84 and 86 facing each other has a width L

  (Figure 4) at least equal to that of the heel of the beam-

  the. To introduce the beam 22 into the groove 76, it suffices to move the beam in the direction indicated by the arrow F so that its face 60 comes to bear on the bottom wall 90. Then it suffices to move the beam 22 laterally so that the heel 26 comes into abutment and wedge under the support spoiler 84. It is also possible, with a groove of width L less than about 1 cm to the width of the heel of the beam, to introduce either the beam or the insulating block by relative tilting around the support spoiler 86 while taking support in the connection angle of the foot 24 and the heel 26. This fitting operation being completed, the wedging means 88 are put in place as shown in the Figure 5. As can be seen, the height of the groove 76 is substantially less than the height of the beam 22 so that its foot 24 extends in part in the connection area 78, which ensures the connection of the concrete table with the beam lle 22, only by adhesion and therefore to remove the seam reinforcements on the

  beams from 11 cm high.

  The wedging means 88 may consist of a filling mass with a more or less rapid setting.

  for example polyurethane foam, plaster cel-

  lular, in light mortar, etc., this mass being poured into the free space provided on one side between the

beam 22 and groove 76.

  As a variant, these wedging means can be constituted by a profile or by shims made of a resistant material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, these wedging means consist of a profile made of the same material as the insulating block 10, this wedging profile can be obtained integral with the insulating block 10 during its manufacture, preferably by molding. This wedging profile can be attached to the insulating block 10 by narrow bridges of material, which allows the profile to be detached by breaking just before

its use.

  It is possible to also provide wedging means intended to be inserted on both sides of the beam,

  and not on one side as described above.

  In the embodiments of FIGS. 4 to 10, it is also possible to glue the beam 22 in the groove 76 and, if necessary, to glue the

  wedging profile in the groove and against the beam.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the building element receives a sub-face plate 64 glued to the sub-face 14, as described previously in

reference to figure 2.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the construction element receives a sub-face plate 64 which is fixed to the insulating block by mechanical connection means, as described previously with reference

in Figure 3.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the building element receives, on the underside, a plate 92

26 1 4336

  made of expanded metal which is fixed to the insulating block 10 by means of lines 94, regularly spaced, which pass through the thickness of the insulating block. These lines

  94 open into grooves 56 and 58 and are now

  naked by clips 96. This operation is advantageously carried out on an assembly table performing

  the simultaneous penetration of all of these lines.

  As shown in Figure 8, a building element as described above with reference to Figure 6 subsequently receives a table or slab 98 of reinforced concrete which extends over the entire extent of the building element. This reinforced concrete slab fills the connection zone 78 as well as the grooves 56 and 58 for anchoring the points 74 of the fixing nails of the plate. underside 64. Furthermore, given the fact that the height of the groove 76 is less than the height of the beam 22, the concrete of the slab 98 establishes

  the concrete connection around the base 24 of the beam 22.

  We now refer to Figure 9. In the slab 98 and parallel to the longitudinal edge 16 of the block is anchored at mid-range a punctual metal plate

  fitted with anchoring frames 102. Correspondingly

  dante, in another adjacent building element is anchored a punctual metal plate 104 which extends parallel to the longitudinal edge 18, this element 104 being held in the concrete of the slab

by reinforcements 106.

  The plates 102 and 104 positioned at mid-range are arranged so as to make an angle of 45 relative to the general plane of the element, which then makes it possible to link the two adjacent elements by an angle 108 whose two wings form a angle of 90. In this way, two adjacent building elements can

  be assembled together on site by welding the cor-

  nière 108 on plates 100 and 104. This can be done after adjusting the general level of the floor using a laying device consisting of a strip passing through the joint of the elements and tensioned for leveling with the using a screw jack bearing on the top of the floor and a stop on the underside of the floor. The building element as described with reference to Figure 8 is intended more particularly to form a finished floor element which already has a slab

  in reinforced concrete ready to receive a floor covering.

  Of course, for this particular application, the concrete slab can be poured on site so

  to extend over several building elements

contiguously arranged.

  Referring now to FIG. 10. In this embodiment, the insulating block 10 receives, during manufacture,

  a reinforced concrete slab or table 110 which covers only

  part of the width of the insulating block. This partial slab 110 only fills the connection area 78 and its upper surface 112 is coplanar with

  the top face 12 of the insulating block. The 110 slab partici-

  pant to the mechanical performance of the assembly also serves as anchoring to a counter-batten 114 provided with anchoring frames 116 or attached by fixing. Such an element

  can be used as a sub-element

  roof or as a floor element. In the first case, the counter battens are used for fixing roof battens for a ventilated roof, and in the second case, the counter battens are used for fixing

a wooden floor.

  Referring now to Figure 11. In this embodiment, the longitudinal edge 18-1 of a building block 10 has a profile118 in the shape of a tenon suitable for fitting into a profile 120 in the form of mortise that has the longitudinal edge 16-1 of another insulating block 10. The profiles 118 and 120 are of complementary shapes and have a section

  general in the form of an isosceles trapezoid.

  Referring now to Figure 12. In this embodiment, the longitudinal edge 16-2 of a building block 10 has a profile 122 in the form of a rib limited by two edges at right angles of different widths. This rib 122 is suitable for fitting into a groove 124 of corresponding shape that includes

  the longitudinal edge 18-2 of another construction element

tion 10.

  As shown in Figure 13, two building blocks

  tion 126 and 128 are nested one inside the other by their adjacent longitudinal edges. In the example, the construction element 126 comprises a single beam 22 while the construction element 128 comprises two beams 22 parallel to each other, the width of the element 128 being substantially twice that of the element 126 The elements 126 and 128 receive a reinforced concrete slab 130 which is poured in situ on the two elements and in which a trellis is embedded.

welded 132.

  As shown in Figure 14, the length of the beam 22 of the element 126 is greater than that of the insulating block

  , so that the beam protrudes at both ends

  tees of the insulating block 10. Figure 14 shows one of these support parts 134 which comes to rest on a support wall 136. This support part 134 protrudes from the insulating block over a distance D of at least 3 cm. The slab

  made of concrete 130 covers all of the construction elements

  tion and extends to the right of the outer wall 138 of the wall 136. A chain 140 and a frame 142 are

  also embedded in the slab 130 in the axis of the beam -

the 22nd.

  It will be noted that the prestressing armatures 28 of the beam 22 protrude beyond its end and are also embedded in the slab 130 to anchor it. FIG. 15 shows the total thickness of the insulating block and the detail of the length cut between walls, the reinforced concrete slab 130 and the chaining 140 remaining identical

in the case of figure 14.

  Referring now to Figure 16. In this embodiment, the insulating block 10 comprises a single prefabricated beam 22 and a partial table 144 of concrete. The building element serves as a support

  to joists 146 on which a plane is mounted

  expensive 148 formed for example of parquet or panels

derived from wood.

  The building elements of the invention can be used in particular for the construction of individual houses to constitute a crawl space, a top of the basement with bare fireproof underside or even a top of the basement with fitted underside. of a

underside plate.

  Such elements can still be used in the construction of collective buildings, offices, etc.,

  for example to form crawl spaces with

bare face.

  Finally, these building elements also find a

  application to make attic or attic

  tures, the elements then preferably being provided

  an underside plate, for example plaster.

Claims (21)

- Claims   1. Prefabricated building element with thermal insulation   integrated, in particular a floor element, comprising S an insulating block of elongated continuous shape made of a thermally insulating material, in particular of expanded polystyrene, and a resistant rib, in particular of reinforced or prestressed concrete, integrated in the length of the insulating block, characterized in that the rib is constituted by at least one prefabricated beam (22) with inverted T section which is fitted into a longitudinal groove (20, 76) of suitable shape which is formed in the insulating block (10) over its entire length and which opens onto a large face or top face (12) of the insulating block, the prefabricated beam (22) comprising a foot (241 disposed on the side of the top face (12) of the insulating block and a heel (26) disposed of the side of the other big face or underside (14) of the insulating block.   2. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (20) has a section - internal inverted T substantially corresponding to the external section of the prefabricated beam (22) and opening onto the top face (12) insulating block   (10) by a connecting zone (30) the cross section of which   progressively git from the groove (20) towards the top face of the insulating block and in that the insulating block is provided with slots or notches (52, 53, 54, 55) which open into the bottom of the groove ( 20), which makes it possible to elastically deform the insulating block for   widen the groove (20), introduce the prefabricated beam   brick (22) in the enlarged groove and to allow the insulating block to return to its initial undeformed configuration to thus trap the prefabricated beam in the groove.   3. Building element according to claim 2, characterized in that the height of the groove (20)   is substantially equal to the minimum height of the beam   (22) and can accommodate different beams from the same family.   4. Construction element according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating block (10) has pre-cutouts (62) close to said connection zone (30) to allow removing parts of insulating material and widening the cross-section of the connection zone (30). 5. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (76) has an inverted T-shaped cross section wider than the external section of the prefabricated beam (22) and opening onto the top face (12) of the insulating block (10) by a   connecting area (78), the section of which progressively widens   from the groove (76) towards the top face (12) of the insulating block (10) and in that wedging means (88) are provided for wedging and immobilizing the   beam (22) in the groove (76).   6. Building element according to one of claims   4 and 5, characterized in that the height of the groove * (76) is substantially less than the height of the prefabricated beam (22) so that the foot (24) of the beam partially extends in the area of bond   (78), with a view to obtaining montages in "special derogation   ture "which removes the seam reinforcement on the beam.   7. Construction element according to one of the claims   tions 5 and 6, characterized in that the groove (76) is laterally limited by two support spoilers (84, 86) one of which is capable of coming to bear on one side of the prefabricated beam (22) and the other of which is capable of coming to bear on the wedging means (88), the latter being capable of coming to bear on the other side of the beam (22).   8. Building element according to claim 7, characterized in that the two support spoilers (84, 86) are connected to a flat wall (90) constituting the bottom of the groove and suitable for receiving the heel (26) of the beam (22), the width of which is greater than that of the heel of the beam, and in that the free space provided between the two inlet ribs (84, 86) has a width (L) at least equal to that of the heel (26) of the beam.   9. Building element according to one of the claims   tions 5 to 8, characterized in that the setting means (88) of the prefabricated beam (22) comprise a   filling mass made of a setting material.   10. Building element according to one of the claims   tions 5 to 8, characterized in that the wedging means (88) of the prefabricated beam (22) comprise a wedging profile or shims having a cross section of shape complementary to that of the beam to ensure the blocking without play of the beam in the groove (76).   11. Building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the wedging profile or the shims are made of the same material as the insulating block   (10) and came from manufacturing with this one.   12. Building element according to one of the claims   1 to 11, characterized in that glue is   provided for bonding the prefabricated beam   quée (22) in the groove (20, 76).   13. Building element according to one of the claims   1 to 12, characterized in that it further comprises   an underside plate (64) attached to the underside   face (14) of the insulating block (10), for example by gluing or by mechanical connecting means (70) passing through the thickness of the insulating block.   14. Construction element according to one of the claims   tions 1 to 13, characterized in that it further comprises a concrete slab (98, 110) covering at least partially the top face (12) of the insulating block (10) and   ensuring a connection with the foot (24) of the beam the prefab (22).   15. Method of manufacturing a building element   according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in   what we fit the prefabricated beam (22) in   the groove (20, 76) of the insulating block (10).   16. The method of claim 15, for the manufacture-   tion of a building element according to one of the claims   cations 2 to 4, characterized in that the insulating block (10) is deformed to widen the groove (20), the prefabricated beam (22) is introduced into the widened groove and the insulating block is allowed to return to its initial configuration not deformed to trap the beam prefabricated in the groove.   17. The method of claim 15, for the manufacture-   tion of a building element according to one of the claims   cations 5 to 11, characterized in that the prefabricated beam (22) is introduced into the groove (76), it is moved laterally in the bottom of the groove and   then the wedging means (88) are put in place.   18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the wedging means (88) are put in place by pouring a filling mass made of a material in the free space provided between the prefabricated beam and the groove.   19. Method according to claim 17, characterized in   what we put in place the wedging means by introducing   sant a wedging profile or shims in space   free formed between the prefabricated beam and the groove.   20. Method according to one of claims 15 to 19,   characterized in that an adhesive is placed in the groove (20, 76) before the introduction of the beam ' prefabricated (22).   21. Method according to one of claims 15 to 20,   characterized in that a concrete slab (98, 110) is poured over at least part of the top face (12) of the insulating block to ensure a connection with the   foot (24) of the prefabricated beam (22).