FR2523165A1 - IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS, RAILWAYS, AND RAIL MOUNTING ARRANGEMENTS ON RAILWAY RAILWAYS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE RAILWAY TRACKS 2 TO WHICH A CONVEX OR CONCAVE GEOMETRICAL SHAPE IS DETERMINED OVER THE ENTIRE WIDTH OF THE PAD, CONVEXED BY THE CONCRETE CROSSBODY 5, AND ALSO CONCERNS THE FASTENING FASTENERS OF THE RAIL ON THE CROSSBODY. THE MAJOR PART OF THE EFFORTS TRANSMITTED TO THE RAIL ARE THUS RECEIVED THROUGH THE CROSS-BODY, THUS AVOIDING ANY RISK OF CROSS-RIPPING OR TRACK DIVISION BY SPILL WHEN PASSING TRAINS, ESPECIALLY IN CURVES, OR DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. FINALLY, THE GEOMETRIC SHAPE OF THE SHOE OF RAIL 2 CONSIDERABLY REDUCES THE VERTICAL TRACTION STRENGTHS ON THE FIXING BOLTS OF RAIL 6, 12. THIS TYPE OF TRACK ON CONCRETE sleepers IS PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR HEAVY AND FAST TRAINS WITH HIGH TRAFFIC.

Description

I 2523165

  The present invention relates to improvements to rails, sleepers and members intended to ensure the attachment of rails on sleepers or on any infrastructure, these improvements aimed more particularly, but not exclusively rails, sleepers and fasteners for

  normally to equip railway tracks.

  The current railways are equipped with flat-footed "Vignole" rails, fixed on wooden sleepers. However, the majority of modern roads on which high-speed or high-speed trains run are equipped with concrete sleepers, much more

resistant to high loads.

  However, in curves, the transverse forces related to the centrifugal force, are transmitted by the wheels of the trains mainly to the rail of large radius of the track This rail is thus particularly subjected to a torque, called spurting torque of the rail which is transmitted to fasteners and fastenings of the rail, as well as other lateral forces, vertical, etc., which results in the existence of tensile forces on the bolts or rail / crossbar fasteners, lateral forces on the fasteners , tensile or compressive stresses on these different E organs, etc. Bolts, fasteners, various devices for fastening rail / cross-member and cross-member proper tire and work abnormally, and therefore only partially fill

their respective roles.

  One of the aims of the invention is therefore to give back to each constituent element of the railway its normal role and its function, that is to say to the rail to transmit directly to the crossbar the efforts it receives when passing trains (in straight connection, and curved), and the fasteners and bolts their exclusive role of fixing the rail on the crossbar Another object of the invention is to allow a central

  directly from the rail to the crossbar (without the interposition of an inter-

  centering means) thus ensuring the precise and constant spacing of the track in all circumstances modern railways are now built with sufficient radii allowing the two rails of the railway to be at a permanent distance, mimic

curve.

  These different aims are achieved by determining, according to the invention, over the entire lower part of the rail shoe a concave or convex (for example travèzoldale, oval,

  c: rascular, prismatic, etc.) cooperating with a corresponding form

  the upper surface of the orrane receiving the

  rail slider for fixing, such as concrete crossbar.

  The various features and advantages of the invention will emerge

  of the description that follows, of four of its possible forms

  It is clear that this is only

  examples, and that all other forms, proportions and

  could be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention.

  In the course of this description, reference is made to the drawings

joints that show:

  Fig I, 2, 3, 4 of the half-views in section of four forms of reali-

  of the invention, applied to a rail on a concrete infrastructure, Fi "5 a sectional view of a rail according to Fie I, placed on a

  concrete crossbar, and fastened by bolts-bolts bonded.

  Fig 6 the diagram of the spill force existing at the runner of a rail Virnole (including rail of the large radius of a curved track) Fig 7, the same diagram as Fig 6, at the foot of a rail according to Fir 5

  In the embodiment shown in FIG.

  mine a trapezoidal shape over the entire width of the rail runner (giving the shape of an inverted Y) symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis XX 'of the rail 2 The upper face 3 a of the runner of the rail is parallel to the underside Ia, or forms a reduced angle C with the face Ia In all cases, a relatively flexible plate 4 can be inserted between the lower face of the shoe of the rail 2 and the upper face of the crosspiece 5 These forms are easy to perform both on rolling rail, than for railway sleepers

  concrete and allowing immediate centering of the rail on the crossbar.

  In the embodiment shown Fim 2, the outer face 3b is different from the previous one, and makes it possible to adopt

  other rail / crossbar fasteners.

  In A are represented the forces applied to the flange of the rail 2, in curve, by a wagon wheel (for the ease of the problem we shall consider this contact as being instantaneous and punctual): the force Fl being the vertical load (manse), the force F 2 the forces due to the centrifugal force, the force R is the result of Fl and F 2 If we report the point of application of the resultant R to the vertical in B on the bearing surface Ib of the pad of the rail, the direction of R being variable but approximately

  perpendicular to the face lh, the resulting forces R are distributed

  4 hours weave over the entire surface Ib in contact with the sole 4,

  then on the surface in contact with the crosspiece 5 properly so-called.

3 2523165

  In the embodiment shown Fim 3, a trapar Azoidal Ic shape is also determined over the entire length of the ramp of the inverse rail of the preceding one, and symmetrical with respect to the X axis X

  of the rail 2 The upper face 3c of the runner of the rail 2 may be apnr

  approximately parallel to the lower face Ir, or can marry another form shown by way of non-limiting example Fir 4 k The Fim 5 shows the rail 1 fixed to the crossbar 10 with the help of bolts-screwsfonds 2, 3, 9 bolt 9 being screwed into

  a special trim 8 and glued in 7 to the concrete of the crossbar.

  IO A flange of insulating and rigid material 5 tightened by an elastic washer 4 is supported on one side on the upper face of the

  runner of the rail 1, and of the other on the top of the crossbar concrete 10.

  A preformed sole 6 made of flexible material is interposed between the

  skid of the rail 1 and the crossbar concrete 10.

  This feature shows in particular the function "centering" l played by the concrete cross member 10 on the rail 1, and the respective role of each element of the flight.

  1) the shoe of the rail 1 receives all the vertical forces and transverse

  transported by the wheels of the trains, in a straight line

curve.

  2) the concrete crossbar 10 receives all the forces of the rail 1 by

  through the flexible plate 6.

  3) the bolts 2.9 and the flanges 4.5 only exert a clamping force on the runner of the rail 1 thus ensuring a regular and constant pressure of the rail on the sleepers, and they undergo only tensile forces very reduced under heavy loads. With regard to the vertical tensile forces exerted on the fixing bolts of the rail of the track during the passage of a train forces related to the discharge of the rail in curve, and for R (Fie 2) constant, one has according to Fie 6 (case of the normal rail with flat shoe) the

  instantaneous center of rotation (called C I R) being in O at the extreme

  outer half of the rail runner; and according to Fie 7 (case of rail to

  Trapezoidal pad according to previous descriptions) the CIR being in O '

  offset by distance 00 ': vertical distance between the underside of the horizontal portion of the pad and the outer portion of the pad

  the following formula OA A Fl = (O '0 + OA) ^ F 2 = Constant.

  This formula clearly shows that F 2 <F1, and therefore that the tensile forces exerted on the fasteners of the rail are smaller with the trapezoldal type of rail shoe than with the conventional flat shoe type, especially when there are efforts to

rail spill.

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  The ar Dlication of such rails, sleepers and assembly devices Fes rail / cross corresponding is particularly suitable when loads and forces in action are important and frequent (heavy trains, fast, etc) allowing the constitution of a way railway ensuring

  a perfect hold of all its constituent elements.

2523165

Claims (4)

  1 Improvements made to rails, sleepers and orranes for fixing the rail to the cross-piece of a railway characterized in that they consist in determining over the whole part   bottom of the runner of the rail a geometric convex or concave shape.   cooperating with a corresponding shape that presents the upper surface of the crossbar, and the bearing surfaces on the rail of the rails of tightened rail from the rail, so that most of the forces applied to the rail during the passage of the trains is thus transmitted to the surfaces of geometric shapes of the crossbar receiving the runner rail or infrastructure, thus greatly reducing the efforts and constraints suffered by the organs of rail / crossbar clamping.   2 improvements according to 1 / according to which the shape formed on the runner of the rail is convex and cooperates with a shape   concave presented by the cross.   3 Improvements according to 1 / according to which the shape formed on the runner of the rail is concave and cooperates with a shape   convex presented by the cross.   4 Improvements according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that the constant spacing of the railway is ensured and obtained thanks to the geometrical direct center of the pad of each of the two rails on the crosspieces, thus avoiding any possibility of transverse shifting to the track of one or the other rail, or of the two rails when they are subjected to forces or constraints related for example to the loads of the trains, to the radii of the curves, to the atmospheric temperature, etc. Improvement according to the claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that the vertical tensile force exerted on the fasteners rail / rail during the passage of a train, linked to the discharge of the rail curved, is considerably reduced by the shift of the instantaneous center of rotation related to the shape of the rail shoe and the relative position of the instantaneous center of rotation relative to the point of application of this vertical traction force on the rail / cross member.