FR2515528A1 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING A MEDIUM FROM COMPONENTS OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE MASSES - Google Patents

Abstract

TO SEPARATE LARGER PARTICLES CONCENTRATED IN THE OUTSIDE PARTS OF A VORTEX SEPARATOR 2 FROM LIGHTER PARTICLES CONCENTRATED IN THE PARTS OF A VORTEX SEPARATOR 2 WHICH ARE CLOSER TO A ROTATION CENTER 49, TWO VORTEX SEPARATORS ARE PROVIDED 2 OR MORE, ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE, GET IN SIDE CONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER PER PAIR SO THAT THE SAID VORTEX SEPARATORS 2 COME INTO A COLLISION AT AN ANGLE OF 0 TO 90, WHILE TURNING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus

  reil to separate a medium into components having different masses of particles using centrifugal force in

  devices, for example cyclones, operating with a flow

  free turbulent, so that particles of higher mass are concentrated during rotation in the

  external parts of a separating vortex and only parts

  cells with a lower mass are concentrated in the parts of a separating vortex which are closer to the

center of rotation.

  The term "medium" used in the present description

  is intended to relate to flows of pulverulent and fibrous solid substances, to flows of liquid, to drops of liquid and to gases as well as to mixtures of the abovementioned materials Likewise, the term "particles" is relates to solid particles, liquid drops, liquid molecules, gas molecules and gas atoms The term "separation chamber" refers to different turbulence chambers

  as well as drain pipes and flow chambers

  in which the separation is carried out by means of a

centrifugal force.

  We know in the prior art different types of separators-operating by turbulence, such as cyclones and conical

  having cylindrical / turbidity limiting surfaces

  Usually a turbulence chamber has a smooth surface and the wall of the chamber is continuous in the direction of turbulent flow.

  turbulence separators operating individually parallel-

  ment between them, it has been possible to produce, for example multicyclones. An example of such devices has been described in US Pat. No. 3,747,306 In addition, in several patents, separators operating by turbulence have been described in which two vortex separators are tangentially related

  between them so as to allow the tangential passage of parti-

  cules of a certain size from one separating vortex to another We also know a turbulence system in which a medium to be separated is introduced tangentially between two separating vortexes An example of such an apparatus

  has been described in US Patent 4,248,699.

  A drawback encountered with such known turbulence separators consists in that the centrifugal force pushes the separating vortex formed by the medium to be separated into

  direction of the outer delimitation surfaces

  quence, the friction produces a deceleration of the movement of the vortex and creates a turbulence near the walls The friction and the resulting turbulence generate considerable losses of energy Due to the decrease in speed

  of rotation, the centrifugal force, and therefore the efficiency

  city of separation, are reduced In addition, it occurs

  by turbulence a new mixture of the already separated constituent.

  Multicyclones of a known type require a large amount of space.

  and their structures have a high mass Due to the losses caused by friction, it is difficult, with the turbulence separators available, to achieve the high turbulence speeds which are necessary for the separation, for example, of gases from gas mixtures The friction increases a lot with an increase in speed Due to the braking effect caused by friction, a medium to be separated cannot remain in rotation and is therefore subjected to

  effective separation for very long periods.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a method in which two or more parallel separating vortexes are brought in pairs and laterally in contact with one another so that said separating vortexes make an angle between

  them from 0 to 90 while rotating in opposite directions.

  The apparatus for carrying out the

  the invention is described in detail below.

  The invention is illustrated, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig 1 shows a turbulence system according to

  the invention in which the separating vortices arranged side by side

  side by side are arranged in pairs and laterally in contact with one

the other.

  Fig 2 shows a turbulence system according to the invention in which the vortices are in the form of an ellipse. Fig 3 is a side view of a cyclone according to the

present invention.

  Fig 4 is a section taken along line IV-

  IV of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is an axial section of a cyclone device according to the invention,

  Fig 6 is a section taken along line VI-

VI of fig 5,

  Fig 7 is an axonometric view of a mode of reaction

  reading of a flow divider, FIG. 8 is an axonometric view of another embodiment of a flow divider,

  Fig 9 is a sectional view of a variant of the divi-

  flow drain of fig 8, Fig 10 is a section taken along the axis of rotation along line XX of fig 8, Fig It is a side view showing an arrangement of a tangential supply in accordance with fig 6, Fig 12 is a perspective view of a cyclone device according to the invention in which the vortices are conical, Fig 13 is an axonometric view of flow dividers occurring in a cyclone device in which the separator vortices are conical, Fig 14 is an axonometric view of a turbulence system according to the invention in which no wall is provided between the individual separating vortices, Fig 15 is a sectional view of a chamber system Es of tubulence according to the invention in which a turbulence chamber is surrounded peripherally by several other turbulence chambers, Fig 16 is an axonometric view of a cyclone system according to the invention in which the introduction of a medium into the cyclone takes place eu in its center,

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  Fig 17 is a sectional view of a centrifuge which is provided on its periphery and around its center of rotation with a cyclone system according to the invention, Fig 18 is an axial sectional view taken along line XVIII -XVIII of Fig 17, Fig 19 is an axial sectional view of a cyclone according to the invention in which the separating vortexes are conical and the walls between the separating vortexes are largely omitted, Fig 20 represents, in their principle, small

  flow dividers and vortex separators placed at.

  proximity, and Fig 21 represents in principle vortices

  separators for which no splitter is foreseen

lem & aib.

  The essential object of the present invention is to reduce the contact between a separating vortex and a surface delimiting said separating vortex on the outer periphery,

  the disadvantage of such contact is therefore eliminated.

  For this purpose, a part of the surface which delimits the separating vortex on the external periphery, or else the entire surface, is removed. The action of the support of the surface pushing the separating vortex inwards is compensated by making it penetrate two separating vortexes adjacent to each other during rotation, so that each of them pushes the other inward The separating vortexes penetrating into each other at a small angle do not create

  no turbulence and the friction established between them is

  partially zero, provided that the rotational speeds are

equal.

  Another object of the present invention is to set in movement of radial oscillation a medium to be separated in the vortex at the moment when the collisions occur. This movement of radial oscillation contributes to the separation of particles having different masses By arranging the points collision at uniform distances from each other,

  it is possible to produce in the separating vortex a movement

  a regular wave which spreads essentially

  in the direction of the radius of rotation and which ensures alterna-

  tively the bringing together and the distance of the particles from the medium to be separated from each other in the direction of the radius of rotation An impact directed radially from the outer periphery towards the inner periphery is capable of giving the light particles a greater speed in the direction of the center of rotation than that given to heavy particles whose inertia and the

centrifugal force are greater.

  The figures represent, by way of example, certain embodiments of the invention and they also serve to illustrate the operating mode of the invention In reality, a large number can be envisaged for the invention.

  of different embodiments Shapes and dimensions

  sions of the device according to the invention are chosen according to a given end use To facilitate the task, it is possible to involve research

  experimental and theoretical studies.

  The following terminology is used for the components

  sants shown in the figures: 1 a surface defining the separation space in the direction of the outer periphery,

  2 the displacement path of a general separator vortex

  ally without oscillation effect, a separation space in which particles having different masses separate from each other, or else a turbulence chamber, 12 a tangential inlet pipe through which the particles to separate enter the separation space, 13 an axial outlet pipe for particles having a small mass after separation, 14 an axial outlet pipe for particles having a large mass after separation, 39 a flow separator for separate different vortices from each other, a collision zone where the separating vortices penetrate into each other, 47 a cover for said turbulence chamber 48 an axial supply pipe, 49 the center of rotation d '' a separating vortex, a small flow divider,

  490 the center of rotation of a centrifuge.

  Figure 1 shows a turbo chamber system.

  bulence according to the invention, in which the chambers indicate

  turbulence vessels are located side by side in an assembly having the shape of a regular square Turbulence chambers l or separation spaces 10 are laterally in contact with each other so that approximately half of 1 surface of the wall of the central chambers is removed In the area of a wall surface removed, a collision zone 40 is formed in which the vortexes of different chambers penetrate into each other In the case shown in the figure, the number of vortex is 4 x 4 but the system of turbulence chambers can comprise an arbitrary number of vortex 2 which comes into contact in pairs with each other in a lateral direction In the example of figure 1, there remains between the vortices of the dividers

  flow 39 having a cross section with 4 branches and different

  different dimensions Also, the shape of the dividers

  Lement 39 can vary For example, a wavy shape improves oscillation.

  Figure 2 shows a turbulence system

  form of the invention, in which the individual vortices 2 have

  the shape of an ellipse to intensify the radial impacts.

  In the case shown in fig 2, the longest diago-

  nales of said ellipses are perpendicular to each other.

  As a variant, the longest diagonals of an ellipse can be made parallel. A turbulence system in accordance with the invention can also be formed by means of vortexes of any other shape, for example vortexes resembling a rounded triangle, vortexes resembling to a rounded square, etc. In the side view of FIG. 3, a cyclone system according to the invention is represented comprising 4 x 4 cyclones combined in the form of a cyclone system or network. The figure shows no means of supplying the cyclones L feeding cyclones with a medium to be separated can be carried out axially or tangentially In the example shown in fig 3, the separated fractions exit in an axial direction but it is also possible

  to consider arrangements with tangential outlets.

  The sectional view of a cyclone system shown

  in fig 4 shows that the individual turbulence chambers-

  the 10 have equal dimensions This is preferable so that

  the impact forces in different vortices become equal.

  In this case, the flow dividers 39 consist of

  four uniform sections of a cylindrical surface.

  The section shown in Fig 5 shows the tangential inlets 12 of a cyclone system, said

  inlets being arranged between the individual vortices 2.

  Fig 6 is a top plan view of the entrances

corresponding tangentials 12.

  FIG. 7 shows a flow divider 39 which is provided, in the directions of flow of said vortices, with grooves in the form of channels between which ribs and sharp edges are disposed. With the aid of such a profile, it is possible to modify the shape of an axial section of the vortex 2 in different stages of rotation Within the collision zone 40 of the individual vortexes 2, the interface of said vortices is a plane, that is to say that the axial section of vortex 2 is linear When the particles arrive in a vortex divider 39 shown in fig 7, said particles are

  forced to move partially also in a direction

  Axial tion Consequently, particles having different masses are more easily able to pass respectively in desired directions of separation. The cross-sectional shape of a flow divider can also be by

example a circle or an ellipse.

  In the flow divider types -39 shown-

  felt in Figures 8,9 and 10, the axial section has a wavy shape Between the ribs of wavy shape, there are provided recesses in which vortex 2 are pushed The regular profiling of a vortex 2 in an axial direction and in a radial direction improves separation. Fig 11 shows in detail a possibility

  arrangement of a tangential input 12 in the cases shown

seen in Figures 5 and 6.

  Figs 12 and 13 represent a mode of arrangement of conical turbulence chambers One can choose at will

  the width of a collision zone 40

  also 39 may have planar conical faces or else

  we can give them a ripple in the direction of pro-

  paging the vortex 2 or grooving them in one direction

axial.

  Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of the invention.

  tion o the walls between the individual vortexes 2 are completely removed The vortexes 2 are created and maintained using tangential inputs 12 made between the vortexes 2, as indicated by the arrows The individual vortexes 2 swirl at the same speed and with the same dimensions and they penetrate laterally into each other The lateral friction between vortex 2 is very low In the case of fig 14, the centers of rotation 49 are parallel The entry

  or the feeding can also be carried out axially.

  Fig 15 shows a turbulence system according

  to the invention, in which a large vortex 2 is surrounded periphery-

  rique by several small vortex 2 Inside the collision zone 40, the tangential speed of the big vortex

  2 and that of the small vortices 2 are equal, the angular velocities

  laires of said small vortex 2 being greater The centrifugal force of the small vortex 2 is reduced by a smaller rotating mass compared to the large vortex 2 but, on the other hand, the centrifugal force of the small vortex 2 is increased by a smaller radius, compared to that of the large vortex 2 Consequently, the vortexes 2 of different dimensions are in equilibrium as regards the centrifugal forces In the example of fig 15, the mass of

  particles of the large vortex 2 is subjected to 18 impacts of col-

  reading during a cycle In fig 15, the areas of col-

  lision 40 placed in the outer parts of the large vortex 2 are oriented in a tangential direction so as to have the same length as the sections between the collision points 40 Consequently, the large vortex 2 is forced

  to execute a regular wave movement.

  FIG. 16 represents a cyclone system according to the invention in which the cyclones are staggered in an axial direction The entry of a medium to be separated is carried out in the central cyclone placed completely at the top and from which particles can penetrate in laterally in cyclones placed in positions

  lower through collision zones 40.

  It enters the lower cyclones a concentrated fraction

  located in the upper section of a turbulence chamber and in the form of particles having a large mass The particles of large mass are mainly concentrated in the last cyclones, placed axially

  completely down a chain of cyclones.

  Fractions of heavy and light masses are obtained at the outlet of the cyclones placed, in an axial direction, at different levels, and which are concentrated to different degrees so as to be discharged via the outlets 13 and 14 Some of the said fractions can be recycled in the central cyclone via an inlet pipe 12 in order to increase the concentration By regulating the dimensions and pressures in the outlets 13, 14 of the cyclones placed at different levels, it is possible to control the particle composition of

  various cyclones In correspondence, it is possible to

  ser cyclone systems or networks in which the central cyclone is surrounded by 3,4,5 etc cyclones distributed at regular intervals and which are themselves followed by

other cyclones.

  Fig 17 shows a compliant cyclone system

  to the invention, which is arranged in a peripheral centrifuge

  rically around a center of rotation 490 The rotation of a centrifuge generates, in combination with the rotation of cyclones, an oscillating movement in the vortices of the cyclones, thereby improving the separation. The oscillation is also increased by the fact that the adjacent vortices come in

collision with each other.

  Fig 18 is an axial section of a centrifuge.

  The angle formed between the centers of rotation 49 of the cyclones and that 490 of the centrifuge can vary depending on the conicity or cylindricity of the cyclones and the length of a desired collision area 40 Fig 19 shows the symmetrical arrangement of the centers of rotation 49 of conical vortexes 2 relative to each other axial notch, the walls existing between individual vortices being removed from the upper sections of the vortices 2 In this case, the position of the centers of rotation 49 in a square network is measured along with a spherical surface 47.

  Fig. 20 represents a case where four vortex 2 com-

  carry two small flow dividers 60 instead of one large

  flow divider 49 As a result, a friction surface

  tally delimiting the vortex 2 is richer Between the vortex 2 and the small flow dividers 60, antagonistic vortexes are provided which laterally support the vortex

separators 2.

  Fig 21 represents the antagonistic vortices which are formed between the separating vortices in the case where it is not

  provided no flow divider 39; 60 The individual vortices

  duels develop in a natural way and they reach an internal balance In reality, said vortexes can form

a very complicated entity.

Claims (12)

  1 Process for separating a medium into components having different masses of particles by means of a centrifugal force in an apparatus involving free turbulent flow, for example cyclones, so that particles having a large mass are concentrated during the rotational movement in the outer parts of a separating vortex (2) and that particles of a larger mass   are concentrated in the parts of a separate vortex   tor (2) which are closer to a center of rotation (49), characterized in that two or more separating vortices (2), arranged side by side, come into lateral contact with each other in pairs so that said separating vortices (2) collide with each other at an angle   from 0 to 90 'while turning in opposite directions.   2 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said separating vortices (2) arranged side by side establish a system of turbulence in which the centers of rotation (49) form a regular square, considering them in an axial direction.   3 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said separating vortexes (2) arranged side by side establish a turbulence system in which it is provided around the periphery of a separating vortex (2) several other separating vortices (24.   4 Method according to claim 1 ', characterized in that said separating vortices (2) arranged side by side establish a system of turbulence in which the centers   of rotation (49) of vortex separators (2) are arranged symmetrically   tracing in relation to one of the centers of rotation '49).   Apparatus for implementing the method according to   any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that   as turbulence chambers (10) of turbulent separators   parallel parallels are arranged in pairs partially one inside the other, creating collision zones (40) with the   colliding parallel vortices (2) rotating in directions opposing tions.   6 turbulence separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the introduction (12) of a medium to be separated is carried out between said chambers   turbulence (10) in a collision zone (40).   7 Turbulence separation apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that said chambers   turbulence (10) are positioned as a regular square link parallel to each other.   8 Turbulence separation device according to the   claim 5, characterized in that a turbulent chamber   lence (10) is peripherally surrounded by other chambers turbulence (10).   9 Turbulence separation device according to one   any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that   walls of the chambers (1) are removed from the areas located   between the parallel turbulence chambers (10).   Turbulence separation device according to one   any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it   between four parallel turbulence chambers (10) is provided a flow divider (39) of square cross section. 11 Turbulence separation device according to one   any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it   is provided between four parallel turbulence chambers (10)   two small flow dividers (60).   12 Turbulence separation device according to one   any of claims 5 to 7 characterized in that it   is provided between four parallel turbulence chambers (10)   a flow divider (39) of circular cross section.   13 Turbulence separation device according to one   any of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a   flow divider (39) is grooved in the direction of   propagation of a separating vortex (2).   14 Turbulence separation device according to the   claim (10), characterized in that a flow divider   ment (39) is wavy in the direction of propagation of a separator vortex (2).   Apparatus for carrying out the method according to   one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the   adjacent turbulence chambers (10) are staggered in an axial direction.   16 Apparatus for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chambers   turbulence of a separator operating by turbulence are available   around the center of rotation of a centrifuge.