JPH0230301B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a device such as a cyclone to rotate powder particles, etc., by centrifugal force acting together with a free vortex flow, so that particles with a larger mass are rotated out of the vortex for separation. A method for separating powder and granular materials by mass, and vortex separation, for separating particles into components having different particle masses by gathering particles with smaller masses in the vicinity of the center of rotation of a separating vortex. It is related to the device.

Hereinafter, "powder, etc." means a flowing solid substance such as pulverized fibers, a flowing liquid, liquid droplets, gas, and mixtures thereof. Similarly, the term "particle" refers to solid particles, liquid droplets, liquid molecules, gas molecules, gas atoms, and the like. “Separation chamber” means the various vortex chambers as well as feed pipes and flow chambers, inside which:
Separation is performed by centrifugal force.

Various types of eddy current separators are known in the art, such as cyclones having cylindrical or conical surfaces that confine eddy currents. Typically, the vortex or swirl chamber has a smooth surface and the walls of the vortex chamber are continuous in the flow direction of the vortex. By positioning such independently operated vortex separators parallel to each other, it has been possible, for example, to construct a multi-cyclone. Such an example is disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,747,306. In addition, several patent publications disclose eddy current separators in which two vortices touch each other to form a tangential flow path for particles of a predetermined size from one vortex to the other. Also known are vortex systems in which the powder or granules to be separated are fed tangentially between two vortices. An example of this is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,148,699.

A drawback of the conventional vortex separator described above is that the centrifugal force pushes the vortex of the powder or the like towards the outside of the confinement surface. Therefore, friction will slow down the movement of the vortex and turbulence will occur in the vicinity of the wall. Friction and the generated turbulence result in significant energy losses. By decreasing the rotational speed, the centrifugal force and therefore the separation capacity will weaken. Additionally, turbulence will remix some of what has already been separated. Traditional multi-cyclones take up a lot of space and their construction has a large mass. Due to losses caused by friction, it is difficult for vortex separators to effectively obtain the high velocity vortices required to separate gases from, for example, a gas mixture. Friction increases rapidly with increasing speed. Due to the braking effect caused by friction, the powder or granules cannot sustain rotation, and therefore the separating action must be continued for a very long time to be effective.

The object of the present invention is to alleviate this drawback by generating two or more parallel separating vortices in pairs and laterally in contact with each other, so that the separation The above object can be achieved by the method according to the invention, in which the vortices collide with each other at an angle of 0 to 90° while rotating in opposite directions.

The central objective of the invention is to reduce the contact between the separating vortex and the surrounding surface enclosing this vortex and to eliminate the disadvantages of such contact. To this end, some or all of the surrounding surfaces that confine the vortex have been removed. The supporting function of the surface in pushing the vortices inward is compensated by causing two adjacent vortices to rotate and collide with each other, thereby pushing the vortices inwardly toward each other. Vortices that collide with each other at small angles do not cause turbulence, and the friction between them is essentially zero if their rotational speeds are equal.

Still another object of the present invention is to separate particles and the like by the radial vibration movement generated within the vortex when they collide. This radial oscillatory movement contributes to the separation of particles with different masses. By adjusting the collision point to a certain distance from both sides, the particles propagate substantially in the radial direction of rotation, and particles such as powder and granules can be selectively moved closer or further away from each other in the radial direction of rotation and separated. This makes it possible to generate regular waves within the vortex. A radial impact from the outer circumference to the inner circumference, similar to centrifugal force, can force lighter particles toward the center of rotation at higher speeds than heavier particles, which have greater inertia.

The following drawings illustrate some of the embodiments of the invention, as well as the method of operation of the invention. In fact, many different embodiments of the invention are possible. The shape and dimensions of the device according to the invention are determined according to the intended end use. Experimental exploration and theoretical research can be used as a supplement.

The following terminology is used for the components shown in the figures.

1: Surface that limits the separation space towards the outer periphery 2: Schematic course of the separation vortex in the absence of vibration effects 10: Separation space where particles with different masses separate from each other, i.e. the vortex chamber 12: Powder Tangential inlet pipe 13 for particles etc. to enter the separation space: Axial outlet pipe 39 for particles with a small mass after separation: Flow separator 40 for separating the various vortices from each other: Separation Collision area 47 where the vortices collide with each other: Lid of the vortex chamber 48: Axial feed pipe 49: Center of rotation of the separating vortex 60: Smaller flow distributor 490: Center of rotation of the centrifuge. FIG. 1 shows a swirl chamber system according to the invention, in which the swirl chambers are located next to each other along a mesh of equal-sized squares. The swirl chambers or separation spaces 10 laterally touch each other, so that approximately half of the walls of the central swirl chamber are removed. In the part of the wall that has been removed, a collision area 40 is formed in which the vortices of the various vortex chambers collide with each other. In the case shown, the number of vortices is 4×4, but the vortex system can include any number of vortices 2 laterally in pairwise contact with each other. In the example of FIG. 1, between the vortices there remains a flow distributor 39 with a four-branched cross-section and variable dimensions. Also,
The shape of flow distributor 39 is also variable. For example, corrugated shapes intensify vibrations.

Figure 2 shows how each vortex 2 is used to strengthen the radial impact.
is oval. 1 shows a vortex system according to the invention; In the case of FIG. 2, the long axes of the ellipses are perpendicular to each other. Optionally, the long axes of the ellipse can be parallel. The vortex system according to the invention may also be formed by vortices of several other shapes, such as a shape resembling a rounded triangle, a shape resembling a rounded square, etc.

In the side view shown in FIG. 3, a cyclone system according to the invention is depicted having 4×4 cyclones, ie an array of cyclones, combined into one system. The figure does not show any supply means for the cyclone. The powder or granular material can be fed into the cyclone in the axial direction or in the tangential direction. In the case shown in FIG. 3, the separated parts exit axially, but it is also possible to provide a tangential exit.

The cross-sectional view of the cyclone system shown in FIG. 4 depicts each swirl chamber 10 being of equal size. This is also preferable from the point of view that the impact forces are equal in the various vortices. In this case, the flow distributor 39 consists of four smooth sections with cylindrical surfaces.

The cross-section shown in FIG. 5 illustrates a tangential inlet 12 to the cyclone system, said inlet 12 being located between each vortex 2.

Figure 6 shows the entrance 1 in the tangential direction seen from above.
2 is shown.

FIG. 7 shows a flow distributor 39 with grooves running in the flow direction of the vortices and sharp ribs between each groove. Such a shape allows the vortices 2 to form at various stages of rotation.
It becomes possible to modify the shape of the axial cross section. Within the impingement area 40 of each vortex 2, the intermediate plane of said vortex is a plane, ie the axial cross-section of the vortex 2 is a straight line. When the particles reach the vortex distributor 39 shown in FIG. 7, they are partially and axially displaced. As a result, particles with different masses can more easily pass through each other in the desired direction for separation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the flow distributor can be, for example, circular or oval.

Flow distributor 3 shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10
In type 9, the cross section including the axis is wavy. Between the peaks of the waveform there is a depression where the vortex 2 is pushed away.
A regular shape of the vortex 2 in the axial and radial directions facilitates separation.

FIG. 11 shows details of an example of the arrangement of the tangential inlets 12 in the case shown in FIGS.

Figures 12 and 13 show an example of an arrangement of conical swirl chambers. The width of the collision area 40 can be determined as desired. The flow distributor 39 may be a flat conical surface, or it may be corrugated or wrinkled in the direction of travel of the vortex 2, or it may be grooved in the axial direction.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the walls between each vortex 2 are completely removed. The vortices 2 are created and maintained by tangential inlets 12 provided between the vortices 2, as directed by the arrows. Each vortex 2 rotates at a constant speed, is of equal size, and overlaps each other laterally. The lateral friction between the vortices 2 is very small. In the case of FIG. 14, the rotation centers 49 are parallel. Also, the inlet or feed is provided in the axial direction.

FIG. 15 shows a vortex system according to the invention in which one large vortex 2 is surrounded by a large number of smaller vortices 2. Within the collision area 40, the tangential velocity of the larger vortex 2 and the smaller vortex 2 are equal, and the angular velocity of said smaller vortex 2 is higher. Compared to the larger vortex 2, the centrifugal force of the smaller vortex 2 decreases due to its smaller rotating mass, but increases due to its smaller radius. Vortices 2 of different dimensions are therefore balanced with respect to centrifugal force. In the example of Figure 15, the particles of the larger vortex 2 will collide 18 times during one cycle. In FIG. 15, the collision area 40 located outside the larger vortex 2 is located at the collision point 40.
It is made tangentially to have the same length as the part in between. Therefore, the larger vortex 2 is caused to undergo regular wave motion.

FIG. 16 shows a cyclone system according to the present invention in which a plurality of cyclones are arranged slightly offset in the axial direction. The inlet for powder and granular materials is provided in the central cyclone located at the highest position, from where the particles are partially deflected to the collision area 4.
0 and can proceed into the cyclone at a lower location. It is the particles with greater mass that are collected at the top of the vortex chamber 10 that proceed to the lower cyclones. Heavier particles best collect in the last, axially lowest cyclone in the series. What is obtained from the cyclones located at different axial heights is a collection of heavy and light particles that pass through the outlets 13, 14 and collect in various grades. In order to make this graded collection effective, some of the collected material can be passed through the central cyclone again via the inlet pipe 12. By adjusting the size and pressure of the cyclone outlets 13, 14 located at different heights, the particle composition of the various cyclones can be controlled. Thus, a central cyclone is surrounded by 3, 4, 5 or other cyclones at regular intervals, and the latter cyclones can be expanded by other cyclones, creating a cyclone system or array of cyclones. be able to.

Figure 17 shows the rotation center 4 of the inner circumference of the centrifuge.
9 shows a cyclone system according to the invention arranged around 90; The rotation of the centrifuge coupled with the rotation of the cyclone creates an oscillatory motion within the cyclone vortex, thereby activating the separation. Vibrations are also intensified by adjacent vortices colliding with each other.

FIG. 18 shows a cross section including the axis of the centrifuge. The angle between the center of rotation 49 of the cyclone and the center of rotation 490 of the centrifuge can be varied depending on the conical or cylindrical shape of the cyclone and according to the desired length of the impingement area 40.

FIG. 19 shows, in a cross section including the axis, the walls between each vortex being removed in the upper part of the vortex 2;
The mutually symmetrical positions of the rotation centers of the conical vortex 2 are shown. In this case, the position of the center of rotation 49 within the square mesh is measured along the spherical surface 47.

FIG. 20 illustrates the case where instead of one large flow distributor 39, four vortices 2 are located between two small distributors 60. In this way,
The friction surface that confines the vortex 2 will make it smaller. Between the vortex 2 and the small flow distributor 60 there will be a counter-flow vortex supporting the separating vortex 2 laterally.

FIG. 21 shows the reverse flow flow formed between the separation vortices in the absence of any flow distributors 39, 60. Each vortex naturally expands and maintains internal balance. In fact, the vortex can assemble very complex conditions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a vortex system according to the invention, in which separating vortices arranged in parallel are in pairs and laterally in contact with each other, and FIG. 2 shows a system in which the vortices are oval. A vortex system according to the invention is shown, FIG. 3 is a side view of the cyclone system according to the invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along the line - in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an axial cross section of a cyclone system to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 6 is a cross section taken along the line - in FIG. FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the flow distributor using an axonometric projection method.
9 shows the variation of the cross-section of the flow distributor of FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a cross-section along the axis of rotation on the line - of FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 shows the tangential supply in FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a cyclone system according to the invention in which the vortices are conical; FIG. 13 is an axonometric projection of a flow distributor in a cyclone system in which the vortices are conical; FIG. Fig. 14 is an axonometric projection view of the vortex system according to the present invention in which no wall is provided between each vortex;
Fig. 5 is a cross section of a vortex chamber according to the present invention in which one vortex chamber is surrounded by a plurality of other vortex chambers, and Fig. 16 is a cross section of a vortex chamber according to the present invention in which powder, granules, etc. are supplied to a central cyclone. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a centrifugal separator having a cyclone system according to the present invention around the center of rotation, and FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view along the - line in FIG. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view including the axis of the cyclone according to the present invention, in which the vortices are conical and the walls between each vortex are almost omitted, and FIG. A schematic diagram of the vortex in the vicinity is shown, and FIG. 21 shows a schematic diagram of the vortex in the absence of a flow distributor. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Separation vortex, 10... Swirl chamber, 12... Inlet piper, 39... Flow distributor, 40... Collision area, 6
0...Flow distributor, 490...Rotation center.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. For example, by centrifugal force in a free vortex flow in a device such as a cyclone, particles with a larger mass are rotated and collected outside the separation vortex 2,
In a method for separating particles by mass, such as powder or granular materials, in which particles of smaller mass are collected at the center of rotation of the separation vortex 2, 2
Alternatively, by arranging more separating vortices 2 in contact with each other in pairs laterally, the separating vortices 2 collide with each other at an angle of 0 to 90 degrees while rotating in opposite directions. A method for separating powder and granular materials by mass, characterized by: 2. The separation vortices 2 are arranged side by side and form a vortex system that forms a square mesh having a constant rotation center 49 when viewed from the axial direction. A method for separating powder and granular materials by mass. 3 The separating vortices 2 are arranged side by side to form a vortex system in which a large number of separating vortices 2 are arranged around one separating vortex 2. A method for separating powder and granular materials by mass as described in Scope 1. 4. characterized in that the separation vortices 2 are arranged side by side and form a vortex system in which the rotation center 49 of the separation vortex 2 is located symmetrically with respect to the rotation center 49 of one of the separation vortices 2; A method for separating powder or granular materials by mass according to claim 1. 5 For example, by centrifugal force in a free vortex flow in a device such as a cyclone, particles with a larger mass are rotated and collected outside the separation vortex 2,
In a vortex separator that separates powder and granular materials by mass, particles with smaller mass are collected at the center of rotation of the separation vortex 2. In a vortex separator that separates particles by mass, the vortex chambers 10 of the vortex separators are paired in parallel to each other. A vortex separator characterized in that a collision area 40 is formed in a part of the interior where parallel vortices 2 rotating in opposite directions collide. 6. Claim 5, characterized in that the separation vortices 2 are arranged side by side and form a vortex system that forms a mesh of squares with a constant rotation center 49 when viewed from the axial direction. vortex separator. 7 The separating vortices 2 are arranged side by side to form a vortex system in which a number of separating vortices 2 are arranged around one separating vortex 2. The eddy current separation device according to scope item 5. 8. The separating vortices 2 are arranged side by side and form a vortex system in which the center of rotation 49 of the separating vortex 2 is located symmetrically with respect to the center of rotation 49 of one of them. A vortex separator according to claim 5, characterized in that: 9 The supply section 12 for the powder and granular material etc. is connected to the swirl chamber 1.
6. The eddy current separation device according to claim 5, wherein the eddy current separation device is provided toward the collision area 40 from between 0 and 0. 10. A vortex separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the vortex chambers (10) are located parallel to each other within a fixed square mesh. 11. The vortex separation device according to claim 5, wherein the vortex chambers 10 are arranged such that one of the vortex chambers is surrounded by another. 12. A vortex separation device according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the vortex chambers (10) are parallel to each other and the wall (1) between them is removed. 13. Claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the swirl chamber 10 has one flow distributor 39 with a square cross section between four mutually parallel chambers.
The eddy current separation device according to any one of paragraphs. 14. The vortex separation device according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the vortex chamber 10 has two small flow distributors 60 between the two mutually parallel chambers. . 15. The vortex separation according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the vortex chamber 10 has one flow distributor 39 with a circular cross section between four mutually parallel chambers. Device. 16. The eddy current separation device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the flow distributor 39 is provided with grooves in the propagation direction of the separation vortex 2. 17. The eddy current separation device according to claim 13, wherein the flow distributor 39 is provided with wrinkles in the propagation direction of the separation vortex 2. 18. The eddy current separation device according to claim 8 or 11, wherein the vortex chambers 10 are provided adjacently at different heights in the axial direction. 19. The vortex separator according to claim 5, wherein the vortex chamber 10 is arranged around the center of rotation of the centrifugal separator.