FR2520260A1 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING USING THE CENTRIFUGAL TOURBILLONARY FORCE, A MEDIUM IN ITS COMPONENTS AT DIFFERENT MASSES - Google Patents

Abstract

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING, USING THE VENTILATED CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, A MEDIUM IN ITS CONSTITUENTS HAS DIFFERENT PARTICULAR MASSES. THE TOURBILLON SEPARATOR OF CHAMBERS 2 DRIVES A FORCED ROTATION A TOURBILLON 3 PLACED IN AN ADJACENT CHAMBER, AND PART OF THE WALL BETWEEN CHAMBERS HAS BEEN REMOVED. THE WALL SUPPORT ACTION IS REPLACED BY THE COLLISION OF A PARALLEL VIRGIN TURNING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION. BEDROOMS 2, 3 CAN FORM A REGULAR SQUARE NETWORK, WITH ALTERNATION OF SEPARATOR 2 VIRGES AND FORCES 3. APPLICATION: GAS SEPARATION OR LIQUIDS AND OR SOLIDS.

Description

The present invention relates to a separation method and apparatus

a condensed fluid substance

  in its constituents having different specific masses

  with centrifugal force in turbulent flow devices, for example in cyclones, so that during the rotation the particles of great

  mass are concentrated in the outer parts of a tower-

  logon separator and the lower mass particles are concentrated in the parts of the separator vortex

  which are closer to the center of rotation.

  As used herein the term "condensed fluid" refers to solid, powdery and fibrous fluids, liquid streams, liquid drops and mixtures thereof. Thus, the term "particles" refers to solid particles,

  drops of liquid, molecules of liquid, molecules of

  gas or gas atoms The term "separation chamber" refers to various turbulence chambers as well.

  although tubes and circulation chambers in the-

  which a separation is carried out under the effect of the centrifugal force.

  We know about fluids dynamic flow

  free turbulent behavior, such as the tangential velocity V

  is given as a function of the radius r of rotation by the

  mule: V = k r (1) Therefore, in the central parts of a vortex or "vortex", the pressure is lower than that prevailing

in the external parts.

  In practice, in vortex separators, the tangential velocity is slightly reduced because of the friction that occurs in a vortex.

  vortex separators usable on the scale

  industrial, the tangential velocity, in a separating vortex, is given by the formula: V = k rn 1 <N <O (2)

  In this case too, the pressure in the middle of

  place of a vortex is less than that existing in the peripheral areas In a vortex separator,

  the pressure energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

  In the present specification, the term "separating vortex" refers to a vortex satisfying the formula (2), and in which the pressure is very much lower in the center than in the peripheral zones if the shape of a vortex is different from the circular form the

  formula (2) can only apply approximately.

  We also know in fluid dynamics a

  forced swirling flow, whose tangential velocity

  tielle is given by the formula: V = K r (3)

  The angular velocity is thus constant in

  parts of a vortex In the middle of a forced vortex, the pressure is not much lower than that prevailing in the peripheral zones, since there is no

  transformation of pressure energy into kinetic energy.

  In this specification, the term "forced vortex" refers to a vortex corresponding precisely or roughly to the formula (3). If such a vortex does not have a circular shape, the formula (3) can not be used. apply that approximately A forced swirl is due to the action

of an external movement.

  Several types of separators are already known

  swirls, like cyclones, in which the

  lon is confined by cylindrical and conical surfaces.

  Generally, a turbulence chamber has sur-

  smooth faces, and the wall of such a chamber is continuous in the direction of the turbulent flow For example, multiple cyclones were constructed by arrangement of

  such vortex separators operating in a

  dependent, in parallel to each other An example

  such an arrangement is described in US Pat.

  In addition, several patents describe sepa-

  vortices in which two vortices are in tangential contact with one another, so that

  particles of a certain size can pass tangen-

  from one swirl to another.

  Finnish Patent No. 813,387 discloses a method in which two or more separating vortices arranged in parallel are brought into pairs and laterally in contact. A disadvantage of the vortex separators of the prior art is that the centrifugal force pushes in a vortex of a fluid substance to be separated against the external surfaces which delimit it. Thus, the friction

  slows the movement of a whirlwind and causes a tur-

  bulence in the vicinity of the walls Friction and tur-

  resultant bulence create considerable energy losses.

  Because of the decrease in the speed of rotation,

  the centrifugal force and therefore the separating power decreases

  the outer periphery, which is the most important area for separation. Moreover, this turbulence

  re-mix some of the already separated parts

  The multiple cyclones of the prior art require

  so a lot of room; they are heavy and bulky.

  Because of friction losses, it is very different

  to obtain, in the case of

  currently known, high speeds of turbidity

  lonnement. In the aforementioned Finnish Patent No. 813,387, the friction on the wall is reduced, but the violent vortex collision partially reduces the effect.

  beneficial on energy consumption.

  The present invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks and concerns for this purpose a method according to which a separating vortex and a forced vortex are set

  in contact laterally and in pairs, so that they can

  collide at an angle of 0 to 900 while rotating in opposite directions.

  parallel form advantageously a set in the-

  which centers of rotation are arranged according to a

  regular square bucket, in cross-section.

  a forced vortex is advantageously surrounded, at its periphery, by a plurality of separating vortices, or a separating vortex is surrounded, at its periphery, by

several forced whirlpools.

  The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the above method and comprising

  parallel chambers of turbulence or vortices,

  paired, partially interpenetrating and forming

  collision zones, parallel tourbillons

  in such a separating apparatus

  by vortex, the fluid to be separated can be

  troduced in the common area or collision of vortex chambers These last advantageously form a

  square regular network and are parallel to each other.

  A whirlpool chamber can thus be surrounded, at its

  periphery, by other vortex chambers.

  The current titrator is advantageously arranged between four parallel vortex chambers, and has a four-branched shape in section; he may also have throats

  or grooves, or undulations, in the direction of

  of a separating vortex In an apparatus of separation

  partion according to the invention, vortex chambers ad-

  can be shifted in the axial direction.

  The invention will be described in more detail, by way of illustration and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

  Fig 1 is a section of an apparatus according to

  vention, forming a forced vortex between two

separators.

  Fig 2 is a section of an apparatus according to

  vention, forming a forced tourbillon between four

separator ridges.

  Fig 3 is a side elevation of a

  separating wire according to the invention.

  Fig 4 is a section along line IV-IV

of Figure 3.

  Fig 5 is an axial section of a separation apparatus

  paration according to the invention. Fig 6 is a section along the line VI-VI

of Figure 5.

  Fig 7 is an axonometric perspective of a

  embodiment of a current distributor.

  Fig 8 is an axonometric perspective of a

  another embodiment of a current distributor.

  Fig 9 is a plan view showing the variation

  section of a current distributor according to the

8.

  Fig 10 is an axial section along the line

X-X of Figure 8.

  Fig 11 is a side elevation of an embodiment of a tangential feed for

the apparatus of Figure 6.

  Fig. 12 is a perspective of a separate apparatus

  according to the invention, wherein the vortices are tapered.

  Fig 13 is an axonometric perspective of

  current carriers of a separation apparatus in which the vortices are tapered; and Fig 14 is an axonometric perspective of a

  separating apparatus according to the invention, forming

  ridged ridges in the axial direction.

  One of the essential aims of this invention is

  tion is the reduction of contact between a single vortex

  parator and a surface which delimits it at its periphery,

  and eliminating the disadvantages due to such contact.

  For this purpose, a part of the surface delimiting the tower

  billon at its periphery is removed The support effect of

  the surface, tending to push the vortex towards the

  interior, is replaced by the collision of a

  paratrooper and a forced vortex during their rotation,

  so that these whirlpools repel each other.

  By hitting each other at small angles, the

  swirls do not create turbulence and rub them

  It is insignificant as long as the rotational speeds are equal A separating vortex takes on a shape

  almost circular because of its stronger central force

  trifuge, so that the loss of energy due to a confi-

angular guration is reduced.

  The attached figures represent, as an ex-

  For example, some embodiments of the invention, and they illustrate the implementation of the invention.

  the invention has several different forms of embodiment.

  The shapes and dimensions of the apparatus according to the invention

  are chosen according to the intended final application.

  Experimental research and theoretical studies can

  contribute to facilitating this choice.

  In the attached figures, the numerical references

have the following meaning

  1 surface that delimits the whirlpool on the side of its

external governance;

  2 general direction of the journey of movement of

dividing billon;

  3-general direction of travel of a tour-

forced billon;

  a tourbillon chamber housing a separate whirlpool

tor or a forced vortex;

  12 tangential inlet tube, through which particles

  to separate them enter a space of separation; 13 axial outlet tube of low mass particles, after separation; 14 axial output tube of large particles, after separation;

  39 current distributor intended to separate various

let's cut each other up;

  49 collision zone, in which a separate whirlpool

  tor and a forced whirlpool collide; 47 turbulence chamber cover or vortex; and

  49 center of tourbillon rotation.

  Figures 1 and 2 show separating vortices 2 which are rotated at high speed and which rotate between them a forced vortex 3

  forced whirlwind 3 receives its energy from the

  paratroopers 2 surrounding it The Forced Whirlwind 3 has a

  role of separator vortices 2 and not

  does not actively participate in the actual separation In principle, the material found in the forced vortex

  3 could travel almost continuously through its orbit.

  In practice, the composition of the material subject to

  forced billon 3 is gradually changing

  the heaviest constituent of a separate mixture.

  which can accumulate in this forced whirlwind 3 An individual exit can be created in the forced vortex for the evacuation of this heavy constituent.

  and the base of a forced vortex are usually fer-

  but their configuration may be, for example, in

me dome or cup.

  The lateral elevation of FIG. 3 represents a vortex apparatus according to the invention, comprising 4 × 4 coupled vortices. The feeding devices have not been shown in the figures.

  of the fluid substance to be separated can be carried axially

  or tangentially In the case shown on the

  Figure 3, the fractions to be separated go in the direction of

  xiale (13, 14) but a tangential provision is also

  It is also possible to feed the separate vortices.

  2 may also be carried out through

swirls for cés 3.

  The section of a vortex apparatus shown in FIG. 4 indicates that the individual chambers 10 with turbulence or vortices have equal dimensions.

  In this case, the current distributors 39 are formed by four

  smooth sections of a cylindrical surface.

  The distribution of dispatchers 39 can vary widely.

  read even very small current distributors 39.

  The section of FIG. 5 represents a vortex apparatus comprising tangential inlets 12 which are arranged between a separating vortex 2 and a

forced whirlpool 3.

  Figure 6 shows in plan the entries tan-

12 corresponding gentes.

  FIG. 7 shows a distribution splitter 39

  which has in the directions of flow of

  lons, canal-shaped gorges separated by nerves

  Such a shape allows the shape of the axial section of a vortex 2 to be modified at various stages of rotation.

  individual vortices 2 and 3, the interface of these

  lons is linear in the axial direction.

  particles arrive on a splitter 39, as represented

  shown in Figure 7, they are also obliged to

  partially move in the axial direction.

  ticles with different masses can be easier

  cross in the desired directions of separation.

  In a current splitter 39, only the turn surface

  born to a whirlpool separator 2 can be channel-shaped however that part turned to a whirlpool

forced 3 can be smooth.

  In the type of current distributor 39 represents

  8, 9 and 10, the axial section has an undulating shape. The vortices 2 and 3 are driven towards the cavities separating the rounded ridges.

  is better when vortex 2 has a regular shape

  re in the axial direction as in the radial direction.

  FIG. 11 represents a detail of a realization

  possible a tangential entry 12 in the case

  shown in Figures 5 and 6.

  Figures 12 and 13 show an embodiment of conical chambers with swirls The width

  a collision zone 40 can be chosen at will.

  Current separators 39 may have co-faces

  smooth surfaces, these surfaces may be corrugated or sinuous in the direction of vorticity flow.

  may include one or more grooves axially

  the. Figure 14 shows a vortex apparatus

  according to the invention, in which the vortices are

  in the axial direction The substance to be separated is introduced

  in the upper central vortex where some particles may pass in a lateral direction to others

  swirls having lower positions.

Claims (9)

  1 Process for separating a fluid substance   condensed into its constituents having different masses   with centrifugal force, using free turbulent flow devices, for example   cyclones, so that during the movement of   the large particles are concentrated in the outer parts of a separating vortex (2) and the lower mass particles are concentrated in the parts of a separating vortex (2) closer to a center of rotation (49), characterized in that   that it includes contacting, two to two, and lateral   of a separating vortex (2) and a forced vortex (3) so that they collide with one another.   angle from 0 to 900 while turning in opposite directions.   Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the vortices (2 and 3) arranged parallel to each other   form an assembly in which, in cross-section,   versale, the centers of rotation (49) form a network regular square.   3. Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the vortices (2 and 3) arranged parallel to each other   form a whole in which the swirl   (3) is surrounded, at its periphery, by several separator bolts (2).   4. Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the separating vortices (2 and 3)   placed in parallel form an assembly in which the separating vortex (2) is surrounded at its periphery by several forced whirlpools (3).   Apparatus for implementing a   process according to any one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that parallel chambers (10) of tur-   bulges or whirlpools penetrate partially, one   in the other in pairs in formanit areas (40) of col-   between the parallel vortices (2,3) that rotate in opposite directions. 1.1   Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized   in that the fluid to be separated is introduced   in the closed collision zone (40) between the chambers trunnions (10).   Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized   in that the vortex chambers (10) are parallel   and form a regular square network.   Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized   in that a vortex chamber (10) is surrounded by   other rooms (10) with whirlpools.   Apparatus according to any of the claims   5 to 7, characterized in that a distributor (39)   current having a cross-sectional shape of four   is arranged between four parallel chambers (10) to vortices.   Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized   characterized in that the current distributor (39) has one or more grooves in the direction of travel a separating vortex (2).   Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized   in that the current distributor (39) is corrugated in the direction of movement of a separating vortex (2). 12 Apparatus for implementing a   method according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized   in that the adjacent vortex chambers (10)   are offset in the axial direction.