FI64058C - FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING FOER SEPARERING AV ETT MEDIUM I COMPONENTS WITH OLIKA PARTIKELMASSOR I TURBULENSSYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

64058

A method and apparatus for separating a medium from components having different particle masses in a vortex system. -Forfarande and anordning för separering av ett medium i komplenter med olika partikelmassor i turbulenssystem.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating a medium into components of different particle masses by centrifugal force in eddy current devices, e.g. cyclones, so that particles with a mass greater than

The term "medium" as used herein is intended to include powdered and fibrous flowing solids, flowing liquids, liquid droplets and gases, and mixtures thereof. Accordingly, the term "particle" is intended to include solid particles, liquid droplets, liquid molecules, gas molecules, or gas atoms.

The term "separation space" is intended to include various vortex chambers as well as flow tubes and flow spaces in which separation takes place by centrifugal force.

25 Free vortex flow is known in flow theory, where the tangential velocity V is obtained by the rotation radius r from the formula (1) V = k · r_1 30 Then the pressure in the central parts of the vortex is lower than in the outer parts.

In practice, in vortex separators, the tangential velocity is 35 slightly lower due to the abrasion in the vortex. In the vortex separators in use, the tangential velocity in the separating vortex is given by the formula: 2 64058

(2) V = k r11 -1 <n <O

Also in this case, the pressure in the middle of the vortex is lower than at the edges. In the separating vortex, the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy. In this specification, the term "separating vortex" means a vortex of formula (2) in which the pressure in the middle is substantially lower than at the edges. If the vortex deviates from the shape of the circle, formula (2) can only be applied approximately.

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A forced vortex is also known in flow theory, where the tangential velocity is obtained from the formula (3) V = k r 15 Then the angular velocity in different parts of the vortex is constant. In the middle of the forced vortex, the pressure is not substantially lower than in the edge portions, because there is no conversion of the pressure energy into kinetic energy. In this specification, the term "forced vortex" means a vortex of or close to formula (3). If the vortex deviates from the circle, formula (3) can only be applied approximately. A forced vortex is created by an external movement.

25 Various types of vortex separators are already known, e.g. cyclones in which the vortex is limited by cylindrical and conical surfaces. In general, the vortex chamber has a smooth surface and the wall of the chamber is continuous in the direction of the vortex flow. By placing such independently operating vortex separators 30 in parallel, e.g., multicyclones have been formed. An example of this is in U.S. Patent 3,747,306. In addition, vortex separators are known from several patents in which two vortices are tangentially connected to each other, allowing particles of a certain size to move tangentially from one vortex to another.

Finnish patent application No. 813387 discloses a method in which two or more parallel 6,64058 separating vortices are connected in pairs laterally in pairs.

A disadvantage of the known vortex separators is that the central-5 exhaust force pushes the vortex of the medium to be separated against the delimiting surfaces on the outside. In this case, friction slows down the flow of the vortex and causes turbulence in the vicinity of the walls. Friction and the resulting turbulence cause significant energy losses. Due to the reduced rotational speed, the centrifugal force and with it the separation power are reduced on the most important outer circumference for separation. In addition, turbulence re-interferes with the separation that has already taken place. Known multicyclones require a lot of space and have a large mass structure. Due to the losses due to friction ai-15, it is difficult to achieve high vortex speeds with current vortex separators.

In Patent Application No. 813387, vortex separation is performed in two or more parallel separating vortices rotating in opposite directions.

Thus, wall friction is reduced, but a strong collision of vortices partially reduces the beneficial effect in terms of energy consumption.

The object of the present invention is to reduce said disadvantages and to achieve it by the method according to the invention by generating a forced vortex alongside the separating vortex, which is supported against the separating vortex so that the separating vortex forces the forced vortex to rotate.

The devices for carrying out the method according to the invention are set out in the claims below.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a vortex system according to the invention, in which there is one forced vortex between two separating vortices.

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a vortex system 40 64058 4 according to the invention, where there is one forced vortex between the four separating vortices.

Figure 3 shows a side view of a separator system according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3.

Figure 5 shows an axial section of a separator system according to the invention 10.

Figure 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI in Figure 5.

Figure 7 shows an axonometric form of a flow divider.

Figure 8 shows another form of flow divider axonometricly.

Figure 9 shows the cross-sectional variation of the flow divider in Figure 8.

Fig. 10 shows a section along the axis of rotation along the line X-X in Fig. 8.

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Fig. 11 shows a side view of an arrangement of the tangential feed in Fig. 6.

Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a separator system according to the invention in which the vortices are conical.

Figure 13 shows axonometric flow dividers in a separator system where the vortices are conical.

Fig. 14 shows an axonometric view of a separator system according to the invention, in which the vortices are staggered in the axial direction.

The main object of the present invention is to reduce the contact between the separating vortex and the surface delimiting it on the outer circumference, whereby the disadvantages caused by it are eliminated. To this end, part of the surface 5 delimiting the vortex on the outer circumference is removed. The support effect of pushing the surface vortex inwards is compensated by causing the separating vortex and the forced vortex to collide with each other in a rotational movement, whereby they push each other. Vortices that collide at a small angle do not generate turbulence and there is almost no friction between them if the rotational speeds are the same. The separating vortex can be formed almost circularly due to its greater centrifugal force, thus reducing the energy loss due to the angular shape.

In the following figures, some embodiments of the invention are shown by way of example and the mode of operation of the invention is illustrated. In reality, a large number of different embodiments can be found for the invention. The shapes and dimensions of the devices according to the invention are selected according to the respective application. Experimental studies and theoretical studies can be used as an aid.

The names of the parts shown in the figures are 25 1. the surface defining the vortex on the outer circumferential side 2. the path of the separating vortex in general 3. the path of the forced vortex in general 10. the vortex chamber for separating vortex or forced vortex 30 12. tangential feed tube from for particles after separation 14. axial outlet pipe for high mass particles 35 after separation 39. flow divider to separate the different vortices 40. collision zone where the separating vortex and the forced vortex 6 64058 collide with each other 47th vortex chamber cover

Figures 1 and 2 show how the separating vortices 2 in rapid rotational motion rotate a forced vortex 3 between them. The forced vortex 3 draws its energy from the separating vortices 2 around it. The forced vortex 3 acts like a bearing between the separating vortices 2 without actively participating in the separation event itself. The substance of the forced vortex 3 can, in principle, rotate almost continuously in its own path. In practice, the material mixture of the forced vortex 3 also gradually changes. The forced vortex 3 tends to accumulate primarily a heavier component from the mixture to be separated. To remove it, a separate outlet can be provided for the forced vortex if desired. Generally, the lid and bottom of the forced vortex are closed, but their shape can be e.g. dome-shaped or cup-shaped.

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The side view shown in Figure 3 shows a vortex system according to the invention with 4 x 4 vortices combined. The figures do not show the feeders. The feed of the medium to be separated can take place axially or tangentially. In the case shown in Figure 3, the separated fractions are removed in the axial direction, but tangential removal arrangements are also possible. The supply of the separating vortices 2 can also take place via the forced vortices 3.

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In the sectional drawing of the vortex system shown in Figure 4, the individual vortex combs 10 are seen to be of the same size. The flow dividers 39 in this case are formed of four smooth parts of the cylinder surface. The flow dividers 39 in this case are formed of four smooth parts of the cylinder surface. The size of the flow dividers 39 can vary considerably. Very small flow dividers 39 are also possible.

7 64058

The section shown in Figure 5 shows the tangential feeds 12 of a vortex system located between the separating vortex 2 and the forced vortex 3.

Figure 6 shows the corresponding tangential feeds 12 from above.

Figure 7 shows a flow divider 39 in which the flow directions of the vortices 2 and 3 have trough-like grooves and sharp ridges between them. With such a shape, the shape of the axial section of the vortex 2 can be changed at different stages of the rotational movement. In the collision area 40 of the different vortices 2 and 3, the interface of the vortices is linear in the axial direction. As the particles travel to the vortex divider 39 shown in Fig. 7 15, the particles also have to move partly in the axial direction. In this case, the particles of different masses can more easily move past each other in the desired separation directions. The flow divider 39 can only be made of a half-20 surface of the separating vortex 2. The trough-shaped part of the forced vortex 3 is smooth.

In the type of flow divider 39 shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the axial section is undulating. Between the undulating bumps 25 there are recesses into which the vortices 2 and 3 are forced. The regular shaping of the vortex 2 in the axial and radial directions promotes separation.

Figure 11 shows a detail of one possibility of arranging the tangential supply 12 in the case according to Figures 5 and 6.

Figures 12 and 13 show an arrangement of conical vortex chambers. The width of the collision area 40 can be selected to the desired size. The flow dividers 39 may be smooth conical surfaces or may be made wavy in the direction of travel of the vortex 2 or grooved in the axial direction.

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Figure 14 shows a vortex system according to the invention, in which the vortices are staggered in the axial direction. The medium to be separated is fed to the uppermost middle vortex, from which the particle-5 can be partially transferred from the sides to the other vortices below.

Claims (12)

1. A method for dividing a medium into components with different particle masses by means of centrifugal force 5. an equipment operating with free turbulent flow, e.g. cyclones, such that large mass particles are concentrated during the rotational movement in the outer portions of a separating vortex (2) and smaller mass particles are concentrated in those parts of the separating vortex (2) which are located closer to the center of rotation (49), vortex separation is carried out in one or more swirls (2, 3) and two or more parallel swirls (2, 3) are laterally contacted with each other so that they collide with each other at an angle of 0 - 90 ° and thereby rotates in opposite directions, characterized in that adjacent a separating vortex (2) produces a forced vortex (3) which is caused to abut the separating vortex (2) so that the separating vortex (2) forces the forced vortex (2). 3) to a rotating motion. 20 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel swirls (2, 3) form a swirl system in which centers of rotation form a rectangular net, seen in the axial direction. 25 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel swirls (2 and 3) form a swirl system in which the forced swirl (3) is peripherally surrounded by a plurality of separating swirls (2). 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel-separated separating and forced vortexes (2 and 3) form a vortex system in which the separating vortexes (2) are peripherally surrounded by a plurality of forced vortexes (3). 64058 Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any of claims 1-4, in which device parallel swirl carriages (10) are located in pairs in part for the construction of collision areas (40), the colliding parallel swirls (2 and 3) rotating in opposite directions, characterized in that only a portion of the vortex chambers (10) are provided with means (12, 13, 14) for introducing a separating medium and / or discharging the separated blank during vortex separation. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a medium to be separated is supplied (12) in the collision area (40) between the vortex chambers (10). 15 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the vortex chambers (10) are located in a rectangular mesh pattern parallel to each other. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a vortex chamber (10) is peripherally surrounded by other vortex chambers (10). Apparatus according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that between four parallel vortex chambers (10) a flow divider (39) having a cross-section of four arms or legs is arranged. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow divider (39) is provided with a lock in the direction of movement of a separating vortex (2). 11. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow divider (39) is corrugated in the direction of movement of a separating vortex (2). 12. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to the patent.