FR2467928A1 - Precast building block with triple cavity - uses staggered rows transverse studs to connect successive slab leaves and studs including insulators - Google Patents

Abstract

The building block may be of precast concrete, with a triple cavity construction, and uses four parallel gap-centred vertical slabs (1,2,3,4) connected by intermittent staggered cross-wall studs (5,6). The studs may have laminar encastre' pieces (17) of insulating material, for thermal and acoustic insulation with a minimum of thermal bridging. The head (5b) and intermediate (6b) studs at definite centres, may connect slabs (2,3) at the same level but staggered relative to the studs (5a,5b and 5c,6c) connecting the slabs (1,4) to alter slabs (2,3). Insulators (17) may be filtered into the studs only, of cellular extruded PVC, and include cranked tongues for anchorage. Half of studs (5a,b,c) may project upward to provide interlocking inter-block joints.

Description

Construction processes and corresponding mechanized rubble.

 The present invention relates to methods of wall and floor construction, and the corresponding mechanized rubble.

 In the field of construction, the thermal and sound insulation characteristics are of increasing importance.

 It is known to build composite partitions using insulators such as glass wool, polyurethane foam, etc., often with an external brick facing, or a plaster partition. These known composite partitions pose problems of mounting complexity, mounting time, sealing and thermal bridging.

 One of the aspects of the present invention relates to a construction material of simple manufacture, easy installation not requiring the use of qualified labor, having excellent characteristics of thermal and sound insulation and excellent sealing characteristics.

 In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of building a floor from modular elements, and adapted modular elements.

 The mechanized rubbers corresponding to the first aspect of the invention and the modular elements corresponding to the second aspect of the invention may optionally be adapted to one another so as to be able to be used together in one and the same construction, but the two aspects of the invention can however be used independently of one another.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawing in which
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a rubble or breeze block according to the invention;
FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of a rubble according to the invention;
FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a rubble according to the invention;
- Figure 4 shows a we we above a rubble according to the invention;
- Figures 5 and 7 show a top view in section of two "breakers" according to the invention;
FIG. 6 represents a useful insulating block according to the invention;
- Figure 8 shows in section an embodiment of the floor construction elements which forms the second aspect of the invention;
- Figure 9 shows a rubble according to the invention, adapted to chaining so as to support the elements of Figure 8;
- Figure 10 shows a rubble according to the invention adapted to receive a roller shutter;
- Figure 11 shows a rubble according to the invention adapted to window sill; and
FIG. 12 shows in section an example of combination of the rubble and elements of FIGS. 1-4 and 8-11;
- Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a corner stone.

 Naturally, the exemplary embodiments and variants presented in the accompanying drawing are not limiting in nature, but only indicative.

The rubbers according to the invention (FIGS. 1-4) are characterized in that they consist of
- at least three, and very preferably four veils (1-4) in all that follows, we will limit ourselves to the case of four sails, the case with three sails deducing easily, for example3;
- joined together, transversely, by three upper series of studs (5a, 5b, 5c), the central series being offset longitudinally relative to the outer series 5a and inner 5c, so that the studs are arranged transversely staggered, this arrangement notably being visible in FIG. 4;
and by three median series of pads (6a, 6b, 6c) arranged identically to the upper series 5a, 5b and 5c.

 Most preferably, the studs 5a, 5b and Sc protrude in part to the upper part 7 of the rubble, which promotes the vertical superposition of the rubble by interlocking said protrusions in the cavities existing at the bottom 8 of the rubble placed above, between sails 1-4 taken two by two.

 When mounting the wall, the rubble of each horizontal row is offset by half a length from that of an adjacent horizontal row, in a known manner, and the wall is terminated by a half-rubble or rubble d angle, the same general configuration, this configuration is however adapted.

 The stones according to the invention form, by their design, three zones limited by the four sails: an "outer" zone formed by all the spaces 9 existing between the sails 1 and 2 and the studs 5a and 6a connecting these two sails, a "central" zone formed by all the spaces 10 existing between the sails 2 and 3 and the pads 5b and 6b interconnecting these two sails, and an "inner" zone formed by all the spaces 11 existing between the sails 3 and 4 and the pads 5c and 6c connecting these two sails. It can be seen that all the spaces 9 communicate with each other, as do all the spaces 10 and all the spaces 11, and that, in addition, the zones thus formed 9, 10 and 11 of a rubble communicate respectively, both horizontally and vertically, with zones 9, 10 and 11 of the lower, upper and lateral rubble.

 This clearly results from the geometric structure of the rubble according to the invention.

 Thus, during the mounting of the wall, we obtain three continuous air blades (9, 10, 11) formed in the thickness of this niur, without communication between them, and this over the entire height of the wall and the entire length of the Wall.

 The cornerstones retain the same general structure as the rubble described above, but are adapted in a simple manner to ensure at least the continuity of the outer air space 9.

 This provides an excellent thermal balance, and a perimeter integral decompression in the outer zone 9, including providing an air intake at the base of the zone 9 and a decompression exhaust on the roof at this same area.

 Such total thermal balancing is unknown to date.

 The staggered arrangement of the studs has the advantage of breaking the transverse thermal bridging.

 Naturally, the central zone 10 can be filled with a material suitable for the intended use, in a known manner: concrete, foam, sand, pozzolan, etc., where irons can be housed, etc.

 The rubble itself can be made for example of possibly reinforced concrete. It can especially be a calibrated molded block by vibration.

 Good results have been obtained in particular for a rubble having the following dimensions: length x width x height = 40 x 25 x 30 cm; thickness of the zone 9-: 50 mm; 10: 75 mu; 11: 50 mu.

 The thickness of the outer web 1 can be for example 25 mu, and that of other sails of 16 mu. The pads have a cross section of about 50 x 50 mu, advantageously.

 By filling the central closed zone 10 with concrete, as indicated above, it is possible to obtain in this nonlimiting embodiment a total concrete thickness close to 15 cm.

 In order to improve the thermal insulation, and also phonic, one can resort to "breakers" according to the invention, although this is not essential.

 The breakers according to the invention are insulating elements of a particular and completely new structure, which can be incorporated into the blocks, and in particular to the blocks according to the invention.

 The breakers according to the invention are insulating elements characterized in that they are constituted (Figures 5 and 7) by a flat plate 12 laterally having protrusions 13 not perpendicular to said plate (at least one, and preferably two protuberances on each face).

 Most preferably, the plate and the protective openings have a hollow structure having partitions 14 providing adequate rigidity.

 Figures 5 and 7 show in section two non-limiting examples of embodiment of breakers: in Figure 5, the length of the portion 12 is 47 mm and the total width of the breaker is 21.8 mm; in Figure 7, the corresponding dimensions are 37.4 mm and 21> 6 mm. The thickness of the plate 12 is 5.0 mm in both cases, while the angles between the plate 12 and the protuberances 13 are respectively 75 and 45.

 As indicated above, it is possible to incorporate the breakers according to the invention to the blocks or rubble which have just been described. All the rubble of the wall are then equipped with breakers, without exception, these breakers forming in each rubble the median cross section (in the longitudinal direction of the rubble, and vertically) of each stud 5a, 6a and each stud 5c, 6c (on Figure 1, the breakers are designated by reference 17).

 These breakers achieve an integral break, especially thermal, which further improves the insulation properties of the breeze block.

 Depending on the intended use, it is possible either to not use breakers, or to use two sets of breakers as indicated above, or to give up the installation of breakers in the pads of the indoor series 5c , 6c, or possibly to consider the installation of switches at the studs of the central series 5b, 6b.

 Without the breakers, the blocks according to the invention already lead to a reduction of about 40% thermal bridging, favored by the integral perimeter decompression mentioned above.

 If the stones according to the invention are equipped with breakers, the K coefficient of the wall becomes of the order of 0.30 to 0.35, and the use of insulation such as polyurethane foam, wool of glass, etc.

 The breakers according to the invention are manufactured by extrusion, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. In the case of breakers adapted to the rubble which have just been described, the product is extruded to the right width, which corresponds to the longitudinal dimension of the pad, and the extruded product is cut to the desirable length which is equal to the vertical dimension of the plot. The breakers thus obtained are placed in a charger which positions them in the mold's cores. The concrete (or, more generally, the material chosen to form the rubble) is then poured and, when the plug is taken, the breakers are definitively fixed in the center of the stud, according to the right vertical vertical section, thanks to the protuberances 13 which act as anchor pieces of the breaker in the constituent material of the rubble.

Some preferred embodiments of the rubbers according to the invention, whether or not they include breakers, are as follows:
- The inner and outer series of pads (5a, 6a and 5c, 6c) form two projections 15 at one end of the block, intended to fit into the corresponding vacuum 16 formed at the other end of the breeze block. adjacent (Figures 1 and 4);
- There is therefore, besides the vertical interlocking performed as indicated above by the studs 5a, 5b and 5c, realization of a horizontal interlocking by the projecting parts 15 and the voids 16: this double covering of the blocks between them ensures excellent sealing and easy installation;
- Grooves (Figure 3, reference r) can also be provided for dosing and the glue housing used for dry mounting, which is another advantage because it avoids the use of a mortar.

 The structural details of the rubble according to the invention, as they could appear in the accompanying figures, are not limiting.

 An adaptation of the rubble as defined above, equipped or not with breakers, has made it possible to design the chaining rubbers (18), for roller shutter (19), or window support (20) shown in FIGS. at 11, and in Figure 12.

 Other adaptations will naturally be within the reach of those skilled in the art, such as angle stones, an example of which appears in the appended FIG. 13. In this corner stone, note in particular the continuity of the outer air plate 9.

 Naturally, in FIGS. 9 to 12, the references have the same meaning as in the other figures.

 A non-limiting combination of base rubble (21) and suitable rubble is shown in Figure 12. In this figure are notably visible the three vertical air blades 9, 10 and 11. The arrows represent the possibility of decompression in the outer blade 9.

 In Figure 12 is also visible a floor 22 bearing on the chaining 18. This floor is obtained by an original method of construction, using modular elements also new, which represents the other aspect of the invention.

On reading the following, those skilled in the art will understand that the floor construction method according to the invention, and the modular elements constituting this floor, also according to the invention, are absolutely independent of the first aspect. of the invention, namely the rubble possibly provided with breakers and their assembly process. However, it is entirely possible to use both aspects of the invention in the same construction, by simply adapting a base stone to transform it into a chaining 18 capable of receiving the floor elements according to the invention. .

 The floor laying method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that adapted lower form modular elements (element B, FIG. 8) are used and upper modular elements of correspondingly adapted form (element A, FIG. 8). , by the fact that we first put all the lower elements, taking support on the wall, in this case on the chaining 18, and hanging each element to the previous element, by the play of a simple means of picking, and in that only these lower elements are then locked by the installation of the upper elements. References 23 and 24 (FIG. 12) designate a concrete casting blocking the assembly, and the reference 25 denotes a subsequently cast sealing layer, for example an epoxy pitch layer.

The lower modular element B is composed of three main parts
- a horizontal portion 26, forming a ceiling;
at one end of 26, an upstanding vertical part 27 of height substantially equal to half the total thickness of the completed floor: at the lower part of the part 27, on the outer face of the element, is provided a recess 28 which forms at the upper part of the portion 27 a spoiler 29 whose preferred shape is trapezoidal in cross section;
at the other end of the portion 26, an upward vertical portion of height greater than that of the vertical portion 27, but less than the total thickness of the finished floor: substantially in the center of this portion, is formed in the face; outside the element a recess 31 whose lower part is dimensioned to receive exactly the spoiler 29 of the adjacent element and, in the inner face, the upper part of this face, is formed a recess 32.

 Insulating elements 33 may be anchored in the material constituting element B (concrete, etc.), these elements possibly consisting of elements similar to the breakers which have just been described, the outer surface however not having any protuberances. These insulating blocks can be flexible.

 The shape of the outer faces of the parts 27 and 30 is intended to allow, the first element B being fixed to the wall, the successive attachment of all other elements B to the previous element B. We can therefore consider several geometric shapes for the two parts 27 and 30, to obtain the same result as the preferred solution which is shown in Figure 8, that is to say a trapezoidal spoiler 29 whose tip is directed towards the downwardly and outwardly, and a recess 31 whose lower part corresponds exactly to said spoiler 29.

 The recess 31 will naturally be positioned in the outer face of the part 30 so that, during the successive attachment of the elements B, the continuity of the lower faces - forming the ceiling - parts 26 is ensured.

The upper modular element A according to the invention, whose various dimensions are of course adapted to those of B, is composed mainly of
a horizontal part 34 forming a floor;
- At one end of this portion 34 located on the same side as the portion 27, a substantially vertical, downward portion 35, having at its lower part and outwardly a spoiler 36 intended to fit into the upper fraction of the recess 31 of the adjacent element B left free by the spoiler 29; the spoiler 36 forms at its upper part a horizontal platform that can receive an insulator 33, for example as shown in Figure 8 attached, the anchor protrusion can receive burrs as shown in Figure 6 attached, and said spoiler 36 is also rounded at its bottom quarter-circle 37 to allow the installation of the upper element and the locking by this element of the corresponding lower element, while the face 40 overlying the spoiler 36 is slightly inclined towards the portion 34, in slight bevel;
at the other end of the portion 34, that is to say at the vertical portion 41, a recess 38 on the lower face, corresponding to the projecting portion 39 formed on the upper face of the part 30 of the element B by the recess 32.

 After the installation of all the lower elements B, each of the elements B being hooked to the previous one by interlocking the outer faces of the parts 27 and 30, the upper elements A are placed, and for this each spoiler 36 (A) is introduced into the fraction of the recess 31 left free by the spoiler 29. For this, the element A is tilted upwards so as to make it rest on the arc of circle 37 which is then in contact with the insulation 33 at the upper part of the part 27 of the element B. The element A is then pivoted downwards, until the recess 38 comes into contact, or at quasi-contact (there may be a gap 43) of the protruding portion 39 of the element B. This rotation has the effect of also coinciding the parts 27 and 35, and 38 and 39 of the elements A and B.This pivoting also has the effect of locking the elements A and B in their final position.

 The juxtaposition of the vertical face formed by the portion 30 (B) and the face 41 (A), and the beveled face 40 of the adjacent element A forms an air wedge 42 visible in FIG. 12, which will be filled by the sealing product forming the layer 23.

The gap 43 (Figure 8) existing or may exist between the elements A and B after locking will also be filled by the product of the layer 25. The seal is then perfectly achieved.

The portion 34 of the element A most preferably has a protruding portion 46 descending, providing the desired mechanical strength and forming internal beam with the adjacent side members. The meeting and locking of elements A and
B is a crawl space 44 which can receive various pipes, and possibly be filled for example by an insulating foam pozzolan, etc.

 The elements A and B according to the invention are particularly light: they therefore allow large ranges and eliminate the need for elevators. The accuracy of installation is also very large.

 The lower face 45 of the element B can be worked in order to directly form the ceiling.

 Figure 12 shows that it is not mandatory to provide special elements for the wall support, the blocking being effected for example by the concrete screed 24.

 Those skilled in the art may make various modifications to the embodiments described above, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Moellon, characterized in that it consists of  at least three, but most preferably four vertical sails;  - joined together in pairs, in the transverse direction, by three so-called "upper" series of discontinuous studs and three so-called "median" series of discontinuous studs, the studs of the higher series being substantially in the same plane perpendicular to said sails; , at the upper part of the rubble, and the studs of the median series being substantially in the same plane perpendicular to said veils, substantially in the middle of the rubble;  - the studs of a median series connecting two sails being perpendicular vertically of the studs belonging to the upper series and connecting the same veils; and  the studs of a median (or upper) series connecting two webs being offset horizontally relative to the studs of the immediately adjacent median (or upper) series, so that in each of the two planes defined above three series are arranged in staggered rows, series by series. 2. Moellon according to claim 1, characterized in that all the studs of the upper series protrude partially to form protuberances intended to fit into the assembly in the voids between the sails taken two by two, the lower part of the rubble placed above. 3. Moellon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end studs of the two upper series and the two median series adjacent to the two opposite outer webs of the rubble form at one end of the rubble a projecting portion intended to stemboiter mounting, horizontally in the gaps left at the other extremity of the adjacent rubble, by the studs of these so-called four series, between the veils taken in pairs. 4. Moellon according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that all the studs belonging to the two upper series and the two median series adjacent to the two opposite outer webs of the rubble have substantially in their center over their entire vertical straight section. , and parallel to the webs, a breaker consisting of a plane insulating plate whose dimensions correspond exactly to those of said straight section of the pad, said plate having on each of its lateral faces at least one, and preferably two protuberances not perpendicular to said plate, anchored in the material constituting the rubble. 5. Moell according to claim 4, characterized in that said plate and said protuberances are of hollow structure having at substantially regular intervals partitions ensuring rigidity and determining internal cavities. 6. Breaker for rubble, characterized in that it consists of a flat plate of thermally insulating material, the two side faces each have at least one, and preferably two protuberances not perpendicular to said faces, intended to ensure anchoring in the material constituting the rubble during the casting then the setting of said material. 7. A breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that said protuberances and said plate are of hollow structure having at substantially regular intervals internal partitions providing rigidity and determining internal cavities.  8. A breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that it is manufactured by extrusion of rigid polyvinyl chloride, the internal cavities being. arranged in the direction of the extrusion, and resulting from the formation of the internal walls to the extrusion. 9. A method of constructing a horizontal slab forming floor and ceiling, characterized in that it consists of using modular elements each of which consists of a lower part and an upper part, the lower parts having a means to hang them together, following each other, to mount said lower parts in their final place by said means, the first lower part bearing on the wall, then to position the upper parts on the lower parts thereof operation ensuring the locking of the gracie set to the adapted shape of the lower and upper parts. 10. Modular element for horizontal slab forming floor and ceiling, characterized in that it is formed of two elements lower and upper,  a) the lower element being composed of three main parts  - a horizontal part forming a ceiling;  - at one end of this part, a first  ascending vertical portion of substantially  equal to half the total thickness of the floor  completed, and whose outer face presents its part  a spoiler of trapezoidal cross-section; and  - at the other end, a vertical part wave  ascending, taller than the first  ascending part but less than the total thickness  finished floor, having substantially in the center  of its outer face a recess whose lower part  is exactly the shape of the spoiler,  said recess being positioned in said outer face  in such a way that, by juxtaposition of that  spoiler and the lower part of said recess,  we assure the continuity of the lower faces horizon  ceiling tiles; and  b) the upper element being formed of two main parts  - a horizontal part forming floor; and  - at one of its ends, situated on the same side as the said  spoiler, a descending portion forming with said  horizontal part, by its outer face, an angle  very slightly above 900, which determines a  slight bevel, and having at the bottom of  this outer face forming bevel a second spoiler  whose outer face connects, on the one hand, to  Bevel by a horizontal platform and to the face  lower part of said falling part, on the other hand,  by an arc of a circle, said second spoiler being  dimensioned so as to fit exactly into  the upper part of said recess of the element  lower left free by the introduction of said first  spoiler;;  - the other end being designed to fit  on the upper part of the vertical end  ascending of the lower element having said  obviously, it is adapted to receive the other  end of the upper element, an adaptation  preferred consisting of the vertical ascending part  from the lower element into a setback at  the angle of the inner face and the upper face,  and, for said other end of the upper element,  in a setback at the corner of the outside face  and the underside;  - the lower face of the horizontal part of the element  upper part comprising more than one protruding part  providing the desired rigidity;  - the positioning of the upper and lower elements  leaving an internal empty space with the said  protruding part. He. Process according to claim 9 for the construction of a horizontal slab forming a ceiling and a floor, characterized in that the lower and upper elements are used as described in claim 10, in that all the lower elements taking support for the first on the wall, and by successively hooking all the elements lower than the previous element by hooking the spoiler of the lower element in the recess of the previous lower element, then in that the spoiler of the upper element is introduced, this element being inclined so as to rest on the upper face of said first vertical ascending part of the lower element by the arcuate portion of said spoiler of the upper element, in the fraction of said recess of the adjacent lower element left free by the introduction of said spoiler of the lower element lying beneath said lement upper whereupon rotates the top member downwardly into engagement with the lower member at its two vertical ascending parts, which are adapted to each other, thereby locking the two elements in position.