FR2371238B1 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- FR2371238B1 FR2371238B1 FR7731779A FR7731779A FR2371238B1 FR 2371238 B1 FR2371238 B1 FR 2371238B1 FR 7731779 A FR7731779 A FR 7731779A FR 7731779 A FR7731779 A FR 7731779A FR 2371238 B1 FR2371238 B1 FR 2371238B1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3442—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a cone having the same axis as the outlet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/0055—Containers or packages provided with a flexible bag or a deformable membrane or diaphragm for expelling the contents
- B65D83/0061—Containers or packages provided with a flexible bag or a deformable membrane or diaphragm for expelling the contents the contents of a flexible bag being expelled by the contracting forces inherent in the bag or a sleeve fitting snugly around the bag
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1333776A CH616350A5 (en) | 1976-10-21 | 1976-10-21 | Diffusing device |
| CH151977A CH612101A5 (en) | 1977-02-03 | 1977-02-03 | Valve for dispensing a product under pressure |
| CH454177A CH614867A5 (en) | 1977-04-12 | 1977-04-12 | Diffuser container |
| CH960777A CH618355A5 (en) | 1977-08-02 | 1977-08-02 | Diffuser container |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2371238A1 FR2371238A1 (fr) | 1978-06-16 |
| FR2371238B1 true FR2371238B1 (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00185.png) | 1984-10-05 |
Family
ID=27428205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7731779A Granted FR2371238A1 (fr) | 1976-10-21 | 1977-10-21 | Dispositif diffuseur pour produits gazeux, liquides ou pateux, et procede pour sa fabrication |
Country Status (19)
Families Citing this family (73)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR8008802A (pt) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-06-23 | Everpure Sa | Dispositivo e processo para o fornecimento de meios liquidos ou cremosos pressurizados |
| US4423829A (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1984-01-03 | Container Industries Inc. | Apparatus for containing and dispensing fluids under pressure and method of manufacturing same |
| US4387833A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1983-06-14 | Container Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for containing and dispensing fluids under pressure and method of producing same |
| US4458830A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1984-07-10 | Werding Winfried J | Appliance for discharging a non-compressible liquid, creamy or pasty product under pressure |
| CH653969A5 (de) * | 1981-05-20 | 1986-01-31 | Werding Winfried J | Behaelter zur ausgabe von fluessigen oder cremigen produkten mit einer vorrichtung zur verminderung der ausgabeverluste. |
| US4440319A (en) * | 1981-07-21 | 1984-04-03 | Nitchman Harold L | System, apparatus, and method of dispensing a liquid from a semi-bulk disposable container |
| US4419096A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1983-12-06 | Alza Corporation | Elastomeric bladder assembly |
| GB2146076B (en) * | 1983-09-02 | 1987-09-30 | Corrugated Prod Ltd | Containers for carbonated liquids |
| US4964540A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1990-10-23 | Exxel Container, Inc. | Pressurized fluid dispenser and method of making the same |
| GB8504930D0 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1985-03-27 | Corrugated Prod Ltd | Packages for carbonated beverages |
| CA1291731C (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1991-11-05 | Terrence Loychuk | Aerosol power system |
| US5123560A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1992-06-23 | Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ltd. | Two-chamber dispenser for a gas-pressurized or non-pressurized package |
| US5111971A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1992-05-12 | Robert Winer | Self-pressurized container having a convoluted liner and an elastomeric sleeve |
| DE3923297A1 (de) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-01-24 | Lothar Dipl Ing Grzybowski | Dosiergefaess fuer die abgabe pasteuser bis hochfluessiger medien |
| GB2262312A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1993-06-16 | Irene Beardmore | The dispensing of liquid and viscous substances |
| US5671884A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-09-30 | D.B. Smith & Co., Inc. | Backpack sprayer with an expandable accumulator chamber |
| DE19536902A1 (de) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-04-10 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | Vorrichtung zur Hochdruckerzeugung in einem Fluid in Miniaturausführung |
| US5779156A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1998-07-14 | Par-Way Group | Spray dispenser and system for spraying viscous liquids |
| US5769282A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-06-23 | Quoin Industrial, Inc. | Pressure generation system for a container |
| DE19756442A1 (de) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-06-24 | Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg | Spender für Medien |
| US5992765A (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1999-11-30 | Summit Packaging Systems, Inc. | Mechanical break-up for spray actuator |
| FR2782024B1 (fr) * | 1998-08-04 | 2000-10-13 | Valois Sa | Tete de distribution et dispositif de distribution de produit fluide comportant une telle tete |
| GB2344621B (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2001-03-14 | Bespak Plc | Improved seal arrangements for pressurised dispensing containers |
| US6164492A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-12-26 | Quoin Industrial, Inc. | Readily deformable pressure system for dispensing fluid from a container |
| US6325246B1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2001-12-04 | Robert A. DeMars | Hand operated water gun |
| DE10006370A1 (de) * | 2000-02-12 | 2001-08-16 | Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg | Austragvorrichtung für Medien |
| DE10011717A1 (de) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Crown Cork & Seal Tech Corp | Pumpvorrichtung für eine Flüssigkeitssprühvorrichtung sowie Ventilelement und Überkopfventil für diese Pumpvorrichtung |
| US6689279B1 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2004-02-10 | Elizabeth F. Train | Device for separating and dispensing high viscosity fluid from low viscosity fluids |
| FR2830778B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-11 | 2004-07-09 | Oreal | Dispositif de pulverisation d'au moins un produit sur un support, notamment un support keratinique tel que la peau |
| EP1201317B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-24 | 2008-05-14 | L'oreal | Dispositif de pulvérisation comportant au moins deux orifices de sortie de gaz vecteur |
| FR2818101B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-09-26 | Oreal | Dispositif pour la pulverisation d'un produit cosmetique |
| DE10130368A1 (de) * | 2001-06-23 | 2003-01-16 | Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg | Spender zum Austragen eines fluidischen Mediums |
| ITMI20020839A1 (it) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-20 | Idealpack S R L | Sistema per l'estrazione di liquidi e creme con flusso regolare e continuo |
| ATE491521T1 (de) * | 2002-09-06 | 2011-01-15 | Philip Morris Usa Inc | Aerosolerzeugungsvorrichtungen und verfahren zur erzeugung von aerosolen mit gesteuerten teilchengrössen |
| FR2852301B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-13 | 2006-02-10 | Valois Sas | Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide |
| DE10343329A1 (de) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-07 | Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh | Dosiervorrichtung mit einem ein- oder mehrteiligen Dosiergehäuse |
| DE102004005881A1 (de) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-08-04 | Karl Bosch | Vorrichtung zum Vernebeln von strömbarem Füllgut |
| WO2005018588A2 (de) * | 2004-08-18 | 2005-03-03 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Kompakthaarspray |
| DE102005029746B4 (de) * | 2005-06-24 | 2017-10-26 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Zerstäuber |
| EP2018132B1 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-12-09 | Medmix Systems AG | Dispensing device with a spray assembly |
| FR2911175B1 (fr) * | 2007-01-08 | 2009-05-08 | Taema Sa | Collerette de montage d'un chapeau de protection et ensemble de stockage et de delivrance de gaz comportant un telle collerette |
| US7841087B1 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2010-11-30 | Walker Jr Mark S | Connector for use with inflatable tubing |
| BE1017888A3 (nl) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-10-06 | Kerstens Peter | Een verdeler en samenstelling voor het bereiden van ijskoffie. |
| US8468716B1 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2013-06-25 | Mary A. Walker | Pressurized drying system |
| AU2013273737B2 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2015-04-09 | Spray Nozzle Engineering Pty Ltd | Clasp assembly for spray nozzle |
| CN102131588A (zh) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-07-20 | 喷雾咀工程股份有限公司 | 喷射喷嘴组件的改进 |
| US8070017B2 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-12-06 | Green Ronald D | Unified mounting cup and valve stem assembly |
| EP2153906B1 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2017-01-25 | Akron Device Technologies LLC | Sprayer and media cartridge therefor |
| US8631970B2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2014-01-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-chamber material dispensing system and method for making same |
| CA2756754C (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2014-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Valve and dispenser comprising same |
| US20150158715A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2015-06-11 | Peter Kerstens | Dispenser and composition to make ice coffee |
| US20100314137A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-16 | Chemguard Inc. | Fire fighting foam proportioning devices and systems having improved low flow performance |
| GB2475393B (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2012-10-24 | Univ Salford | Aerosol spray device |
| KR101004628B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-01-03 | 정해룡 | 디스펜서 |
| DE102010013329A1 (de) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-02-16 | F. Holzer Gmbh | Dosiervorrichtung, Verfahren zur dosierten Abgabe sowie Verwendung der Dosiervorrichtung |
| US9409698B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2016-08-09 | Greenspense Ltd. | Propellant-free pressurized material dispenser |
| US9758641B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2017-09-12 | T.G.L. S.P. Industries Ltd. | Nanoclay hybrids and elastomeric composites containing same |
| PL2916962T3 (pl) * | 2012-11-06 | 2022-04-25 | Dispensing Technologies B.V. | Systemy i sposoby do precyzyjnego regulowania ciśnienia wyjściowego w buforowanych rozpylaczach |
| BR112015016141A2 (pt) | 2013-01-16 | 2017-10-03 | Greenspense Ltd | Dispensador de material pressurizado sem propulsor |
| EP2945983B1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2021-09-08 | Greenspense Ltd. | Elastomeric composites exhibiting high and long-lasting mechanical strength and elasticity and devices containing same |
| USD732972S1 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-06-30 | Natura Cosmeticos S.A. | Flask |
| US9216853B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-12-22 | Avanti U.S.A. Ltd. | Flexible bushing |
| US9199784B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2015-12-01 | Avanti U.S.A. Ltd. | Spring-biased flip top case for an aerosol canister |
| US9573737B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2017-02-21 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Flexible container with a spray valve |
| US10377555B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-08-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Flexible container with a spray valve |
| WO2016186488A1 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2016-11-24 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
| EP3359461A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-08-15 | Unilever Plc. | Device |
| EP3408192B1 (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2022-08-17 | Greenspense Ltd. | Aerosol valve configurations |
| NL2016779B1 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule and a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule |
| NL2019254B9 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2018-09-10 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
| NL2019253B1 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-28 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Assembly of a capsule and a brew chamber, brew chamber, beverage preparation machine, capsule and use of a capsule. |
| USD859998S1 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-09-17 | Pum-Tech Korea Co., Ltd | Cosmetic container |
| US11825974B1 (en) * | 2020-03-01 | 2023-11-28 | Michael O. Murphy | Expandable strainer insert for bottles |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3791557A (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1974-02-12 | Plant Ind Inc | Non-aerosol container with expansible bladder and expelling force providing sheath |
| US3876115A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1975-04-08 | Plant Ind Inc | Double expansible bladder container |
| US3961725A (en) * | 1974-04-09 | 1976-06-08 | Clark Richard A | Method and apparatus for dispensing fluids under pressure |
| US4121737A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1978-10-24 | Kain's Research and Development Co., Inc. | Apparatus for pressure dispensing of fluids |
| IT1094411B (it) * | 1977-08-02 | 1985-08-02 | Werding Winfried J | Ugello spruzzatore,dispositivi comprendenti tale ugello e procedimento per la loro produzione |
-
1977
- 1977-10-14 CA CA288,724A patent/CA1077001A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-17 NO NO773554A patent/NO773554L/no unknown
- 1977-10-18 PT PT67172A patent/PT67172B/pt unknown
- 1977-10-20 ES ES463402A patent/ES463402A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-10-20 FI FI773112A patent/FI64060C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-10-20 BR BR7707026A patent/BR7707026A/pt unknown
- 1977-10-20 DE DE19772747045 patent/DE2747045A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-10-20 DK DK467677A patent/DK467677A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-10-20 SE SE7711838A patent/SE7711838L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-10-21 BE BE181972A patent/BE860002A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-10-21 JP JP12669477A patent/JPS5389011A/ja active Pending
- 1977-10-21 AR AR269681A patent/AR216108A1/es active
- 1977-10-21 IE IE2148/77A patent/IE45893B1/en unknown
- 1977-10-21 FR FR7731779A patent/FR2371238A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-10-21 GB GB43927/77A patent/GB1593878A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-21 IT IT28858/77A patent/IT1086918B/it active
- 1977-10-21 NL NL7711580A patent/NL7711580A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-08 IN IN1593/CAL/77A patent/IN149201B/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-10-12 US US06/084,506 patent/US4251032A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE45893L (en) | 1978-04-21 |
| NO773554L (no) | 1978-04-24 |
| DK467677A (da) | 1978-04-22 |
| FI64060B (fi) | 1983-06-30 |
| US4251032A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
| DE2747045A1 (de) | 1978-04-27 |
| SE7711838L (sv) | 1978-04-22 |
| PT67172B (fr) | 1979-03-21 |
| FR2371238A1 (fr) | 1978-06-16 |
| AR216108A1 (es) | 1979-11-30 |
| GB1593878A (en) | 1981-07-22 |
| FI773112A (fi) | 1978-04-22 |
| BR7707026A (pt) | 1978-07-18 |
| PT67172A (fr) | 1977-11-01 |
| ES463402A1 (es) | 1978-12-16 |
| BE860002A (fr) | 1978-04-21 |
| IE45893B1 (en) | 1982-12-29 |
| IT1086918B (it) | 1985-05-31 |
| FI64060C (fi) | 1983-10-10 |
| IN149201B (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00185.png) | 1981-10-03 |
| NL7711580A (nl) | 1978-04-25 |
| CA1077001A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
| JPS5389011A (en) | 1978-08-05 |
Similar Documents
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |