FI98878B - Watering system - Google Patents

Description

98878

Irrigation system - Bevattningssystem

The invention relates to an irrigation system, and in particular to an irrigation system in which a drain is also used for irrigation and in which a control well is connected to the drain for adjusting the water level.

A common problem in drained areas is that they often suffer from lack of water. To alleviate this problem, in some solutions the drains have been accompanied by the regulation of their drying effect. The aim of such regulation is to reduce the amount of water discharged from the ditch by means of built-in dams or control wells. Adjustment wells can be used to regulate the groundwater level.

In spring, for example, during meltwater, the drying effect is adjusted so that the field dries as quickly as possible. After sowing, the drying effect is reduced by raising the water surface by means of control wells, whereby some of the spring meltwater is saved for the plants. For example, during 20 autumn rains, the drying effect can again be maximized by means of control wells so that the wetness does not throw the crop.

··· Solutions are also known in which drainage pipes and control wells or the like are actively used in irrigation systems; in a system into which irrigation water is introduced. One such system is described in GB-A 2 036 521.

. ... ·% ...

. . The irrigation system of the publication uses the so-called • · · operating wells. distribution boxes • · · · * * 30 and outlet drain pipes. The water is led from the irrigation water tank to the main water line and the branches • · --7 _ ........

separately for each distribution box. From each distribution box, one or more drainage pipes leave the land to irrigate the land. Distribution area acting as a control well -... ·,.

. ···. The 35 sticks can be used to adjust the • · · '' T water level affecting the drain pipes. When the water level rises in the dispenser- »··· ♦ ··· • · * · * * ·«. ....

2 98878 to the level set in the stick, the water supply to it is closed. The system also acts as a drainage system, and the distribution boxes are connected to each other by an excess water pipe that acts as an outlet pipe for the entire system. The release of solution-5 su is quite complicated. A separate water supply booth is introduced into each distribution box, and means are required in each distribution box to close the supply pipe in response to the set level of the water surface. Sewer pipes are also connected directly to the distribution box, and in addition to the distribution box, connections to the domestic water pipe are required.

The object of the invention is to provide a simplified irrigation system based on the use of drains and control wells, which can also be used for drying. It is a further object of the invention to provide an irrigation system which optimizes the amount of water required for irrigation and thus reduces the leaching of nutrients, for example nitrogen and phosphorus, into the environment. It is a further object of the invention 20 to provide an irrigation system by means of which the soil moisture conditions can be kept as even as possible regardless of weather variations.

These and other objects of the invention are achieved by an irrigation system, which is characterized by what is set forth in claim 1. Other claims define various embodiments of the invention.

• M · ». .

• · '·· •' ·: In the irrigation system according to the invention, the land area ··· ......

V · 30 has a water tank high enough for the highest required water level. Ve-: the inner tank leaves a sufficiently large pipe • M · .....

: T: a line that runs through the entire irrigated area to its pi- *. preferably in the middle of it.

··· ·; "35 Adjustment wells are placed at appropriate intervals on the pipeline, ** ·· * each of which is responsible for adjusting the water level m 9 · * • ···· • · '· • * <3 98878 back from the adjustment well in question to the water tank, or The so-called trunk pipe forming the pipeline is brought directly into the control well close to its bottom and leaves the control well further from a height that can be adjusted between the level of the inlet pipe and one of the levels above it in the area preceding each control well. in a direction perpendicular thereto, depending on the type of soil, at appropriate intervals to drain pipes connected to the run-10 knockout.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the line-terminating control well is the so-called control wells. In addition to having an arrangement for setting the highest water level 15, the guide well is provided with at least one water level level and detection means for detecting a decrease and / or rise of the water level to a corresponding set level. When the water level rises to the level set for it, the detector means instructs to close the supply of water 20 to the water tank. When the detector means detect a drop in the water level to the level set for it, the supply of water to the water tank is restarted.

A preferred embodiment of the water tank is formed in the ground **. : 25 pool sealed with, for example, • ·· plastic film against the ground. It is also preferred that the water tank. located at the highest point of the irrigated area. The · ····· .1 / irrigation system is the best way to irrigate tabbed J · · ........ ...

: terrestrial, straight or curved, an area the other end of which lies at the highest point of the area.

The body tube is tight in itself, as are its connections

: Τϊ to the well, and also the walls of the control well are made in the way I

V or another close. In each control well, the body tubes- I

....

35 ken the outgoing end is set at the height at which the water surface I

T is desired to be more or less in the area before the well.

B

··· B

· · 4 98878 The adjustment range can be, for example, 50 cents in the adjustment well. The drain pipes may be straight pipes transverse to the body tube, or they may be arranged ribbed with respect to the body tube.

5

The irrigation system according to the invention is particularly suitable for use on flat and slightly sloping soils with a slope of the order of 0 to 3%. As already stated above, the irrigation system 10 according to the invention can be connected to a drying system, i.e. it can be converted into a drying system with suitable easy-to-perform adjustments, and in its implementation it is possible to take advantage of the existing drainage. The piping can be dimensioned so that when the settings are set to the lowest level, the drainage of water from the area is absolutely certain. The primary advantage of the irrigation system according to the invention is the simplicity of its implementation; the same body pipe supplies irrigation water to the system, removes excess water from the system, and acts as a means 20 for adjusting the water level in the ground. The favorable humidity conditions provided by the system according to the invention improve the quality and quantity of the crop. The need for fertilization is reduced because the plants make efficient use of fertilizers. At the same time reducing the environment ····; 25 amount of leachable nutrients. The above-mentioned advantages of • ·· Ι ·· β are particularly affected by the fact that in the first embodiment of the invention, which also includes a control well, the amount of irrigation water supplied to the cultivation area can be | · · ··; / daan optimize. The operating costs of the irrigation system *** * 30 according to the invention are low after its establishment. Equipment maintenance and monitoring is also available for many other irrigation · .; »Low compared to systems.

· ♦ · .........

• · · • · · - i '·

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: • · ··· ··· ··· * • · · • ♦ 5 98878 Figures 1 and 2 schematically show an embodiment of an irrigation system according to the invention, respectively Fig. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of an irrigation system according to the invention seen from the side and part of the system omitted from the figure for the sake of clarity; Fig. 4 schematically shows an embodiment of a pipeline terminating control well in an irrigation system in which the water supply to the system is controlled. Figures 5 and 6 show, respectively, Figures 1 and 2, a practical implementation of an irrigation system according to the invention; Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a control well; Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a possible arrangement of drainage pipes. . Irrigation system according to the invention, "** Figure 9 shows a control well a second embodiment *.! * • · and 25 · ψ ····· ... ...

Figure 10 schematically shows an implementation of an Ψ - ·.! irrigation system according to the invention.

An embodiment of an irrigation system according to the invention is explained below in general terms with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 schematically shows this embodiment.

. as a sectional view, the sectional plane of which runs vertically along a pipeline belonging to the irrigation system or * ·· ** 35 body pipes. Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of this embodiment of the invention. The irrigation system ·· «·· • · 6 98878 comprises a water tank 1, the preferred embodiment of which is a basin formed in the ground as shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2, the walls of which are sealed with, for example, a plastic film against the ground. The water tank 1, 5, such as a basin, is positioned so that the water surface can be kept in it somewhat higher than the highest water level which it is desired to maintain in the area to be irrigated. It is advantageous to place the water tank 1 at the highest point of the area to be irrigated, since the irrigation water discharges from the basins 10 by gravity at a pressure of approximately 0.01 to 0.05 bar down the body pipe into the area to be irrigated. The tank is supplied with the amount of water required to maintain irrigation, and it is good for the tank to be large enough to be filled, for example, from a pressurized water line and to act effectively as a buffer and flow equalizer between the pump and the body. The replenishment of the amount of water in the tank 1 is shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 by means of a pipe 10 from the source 9 and a valve 11 therein.

The water required for irrigation can in principle be introduced into the tank 1 in any way, but it is advantageous to provide a control in the irrigation system by means of which the water is automatically introduced into the tank 1 as required. Or- ···· .·. embodiments of the invention are discussed in more detail below.

♦ · · ·· »·· /. * Tank 1 leaves the entire» »» «· # · extending through the irrigation system. pipeline 2, which in this application is also referred to as a V-body. The body tube 2 is placed in the ground at a depth approximately equal to the depth at which it is; the spouts in that area are placed. The usual depth is on the order of 1.0 to 1.2 meters. For pipeline 2 si-. * ·. the required number of adjustment wells is placed 3. As a rule of thumb, it can be considered that there is a height difference of approx. 25 cm between * successive wells. In baptismal areas where the ground is more or less flat, wells ····· φ · 7 98878 are placed less frequently, and where the land spends more, the above-mentioned 25 cm height difference can be used as a basis for the placement of the wells. The control wells 3 represent a technique known per se. Some preferred embodiments of the control film and some other implementations are discussed in more detail below.

The body pipe 2, in which the direction of water flow is naturally away from the tank 1, enters the control well close to its bottom. The body pipe 2 leaves the well further from a height that can be adjusted. The water level in the well remains at the height at which the outlet or inlet of the body pipe 2 is set. The level in the control well can thus be set on either the incoming or outgoing pipe side 15. The control well is sealed either by means of a surrounding dense layer of soil or in some other way, and the body pipe 2 is tightly connected to it on both the inlet and outlet sides. On both the inlet and outlet side of the control diaphragm, the body pipe 2 is a uniform, tight and unbranched pipe 20 at a distance of 3-6 meters. Between the water tank 1 and the first control membrane 3 and then the successive control wells 3, drainage pipes 4 intersecting at approximately the height of the body pipe 2 are arranged, which are ···· connected to the body pipe 2. The intersecting drainage pipes 4 are ···. 25 preferably located just above the body tube 2. even horizontally, preferably slightly ascending the frame. . as it moves away from the pipe or, if necessary, in accordance with the shape of the ground surface. If necessary, irrigation or absorption pipes are drawn from a curved surface topographic shape 30, especially when the pipes are long, for example • ·: more than 20 meters, and when the area is undulating (Fig. 10).

··· '........— ...........

•: -ϊ ::: ....... ...... ·: The nearest drain 4 is from the control well at least said 3-6, • * · -, ί.

«· * Meters away, and the soil types of the area, cultivated« ϊ ϊ .......

*! * 35 plant water needs and the desired water absorption and · * · - ·.

‘Depending on the discharge capacity, the drains are placed every 5 to 15 meters 8 98878. In sandy or loamy soils with good flow, the distance can be 12 to 20 meters. In sand or loamy soils, it is best to have drains at intervals of less than 10 meters. In coarse mineral soil, through which water easily drains, 5 drains should be even denser, even at intervals of about 5 meters. It has already been pointed out above that the drainage systems act as an irrigation system for irrigation, the purpose of which is to soak the irrigation water in the ground so that the internal water level in the ground in the pre-well part of the irrigated area remains at about the level of the well.

On the other hand, the drainage system and the entire irrigation system are also intended to function as a drainage system if necessary, and therefore the body pipe in particular is dimensioned large enough to be effective in removing water from the area if necessary. The implementation of the irrigation system is reversed to the implementation of the drainage system in that the body pipe is large enough from the beginning and it may be advantageous to implement it even larger at the beginning than at the end, when the drainage system is typically smaller at the beginning of the system. pi, and is extended towards the end. Suh- * *! ’*. in a technically small area, for example 1-2 hectares::.

In a comprehensive implementation of an irrigation system I .. 25, the body pipe 2 1 2 3 4 can be, for example, a pipe with a diameter of 80 mm throughout and drainage pipes with a drainage pipe with a diameter of, for example, 40!.! I mm. On the other hand, in an irrigation system covering a large block, for example 20 ha, the body pipe can be 140 mm in diameter and the drain pipes, for example 50 mm, if they extend a longer distance, for example 50 m. Long drainage pipes can also be used upstream. ... -.....

. . for example, a 50 mm tube and a 40 mm tube at the end.

* l \ * The catchers 4 may join the trunk pipe at some angular * ·; · * 35 angular intersection with it, or they may emerge from the sunk- 3 ϊΤί pipe 2, for example radially or to some extent 4 • · 9 98878 radially and pass slightly irregularly in the shape of the field surface. and according to the block to be irrigated. Essential to their placement is that they cover the entire irrigated area at suitable relatively even intervals. As can be seen in Figure 2, the ends of the drain pipes 4 can be left at a suitable distance from the ditch 8a surrounding the area to be irrigated, in order to avoid the flow of irrigation water through the drain or suction ditches 4 into the perimeter. Also in this respect, the irrigation system according to the invention differs from the house-like drainage system, in which the drainage pipes are extended to the circumference and are often still made slightly to be carried towards the circumference. In the irrigation system, the drainage pipes are preferably made to rise gently towards the perimeter. The preferred embodiments of the drains are discussed in more detail below in connection with Figure 8. After the area to be irrigated and the last control well 3 of the irrigation system, the body pipe 2 can be led, for example, to a mains 8, to which water that may overflow from the irrigation system or leave the area when used for drying is led.

It is advantageous to implement the irrigation system according to the invention in such a way that it is combined with an operation of the feedback type which controls the supply of water to the water reservoir. 25 through 1 to the irrigation system. In one such implementation, the irrigation system is a pipe and control well. the control well terminating the line operates in the so-called ohjauskaivona. Figure 1 '! *. * 3 schematically shows one such implementation. In the control well 3a terminating the line, which is now the so-called control well 30, there are detector means 12 in response to the water surface.

: to lower the head height in the control well 3a to the level Li an- V * control signal C. The supply of water to the water tank 1:. ·, the control valve is now in this schematic representation • · · - · ........ · ·· ♦ ·

. ···. automatic valve which controls the control signal C

'· · 35 when discharging water into the water tank 1, for example for a certain period of time or until the stack of water in the water tank 1 has reached a certain height. The control and the control well 3a can also be implemented as illustrated in Fig. 4. ___

The control well 3a now has detector means 12, 13, 14 which give a first control signal C in response to lowering the water level to L1, which controls the release of more water into the water tank 1, and a second control signal C in response to water level rise above L1. , '' which cuts off the supply of water to the water tank 1. As detection means, electronic limit switches can be used, which can be adjusted to different heights, either individually or in combination with the height of the body pipe outlet, ie the water level, for example by means of a mercury lever or float-based switch. limit switch, and those skilled in the art 15 will know that many other ways and means are available to implement the necessary detection means, in particular control based on the principle described in Figure 4 can optimize the amount of water supplied to the irrigation system. In this respect, it should be noted that for its operation as described, it is necessary that the level of the water is adjusted on the side of the pipe leaving it, as shown in Figures · * · 3 and 4. After the implementation of this principle · # · ...... ..

* .j The practical irrigation system is explained in the following vii- ···. 25 thus to Figures 5 and 6.

• ». Figure 5 shows a schematic sectional side view of the irrigation system as in Figure 1 :: -S: ·· '* and Figure-:: .. ..¾.

· * * Sa 6 schematically seen from above. The basin 1 formed in the ground as a water tank is sealed to the ground surface • ...

The end of the body pipe 2 leaving the basin 1 is protected by a screen 16 to prevent debris from entering the irrigation system. The body tube 2 is a diameter ···. for example, an 80 mm solid tube, preferably 35 plastic tubes, and the slope of the tube in the example described is. * * 0.15%. Figures 5 and 6 show by way of example one secret drainage pipe 4, which is a conventional drainage pipe 40-60 mm in diameter with a tissue coating. There are drains in the system every 10 to 15 meters, and it is a good idea to have a larger amount of medium than normal, for example a gravel to ensure even absorption of irrigation water from the area to be irrigated and drainage in the event of heavy rainfall. A suitable amount of gravel is, for example, 1 n »3 gravel per 20 meters of drainage. As indicated in Figure 5, there is an indicative height difference of 25 cm between the adjustment wells. In connection with the control well 3 of Fig. 5, a control range of 0 to 60 cm is also marked, with which the water surface in the control well can be adjusted. The control well terminating the line, i.e. the so-called in connection with the guide well 3a there are detector means 12, 13, 14 which, as previously described, indicate on the one hand a water level drop to a certain level and on the other hand a water level rise to a second level higher than the previous level, the detector means being connected by a cable 19 to a control center 20 is placed in the electric pole 22. The electric line 23 supported by the electric pole 20 is powered by a cable 23a to an electric meter 21 and via a cable 24 to a pump 27 driven by an electric motor 26 which, under the control of the control center 20 * ·· • ϊ, supplies water along a pipe 10 to a pool 10 98878 for the distance during the summer up to a pipe with a diameter of 75 to 100 mm in an area of 4 to 5 hectares to the need for irrigation water corresponding to a rainfall of 30 'nun, whereby the energy demand is about 1000 kWh. A sufficiently large and deep pre-basin 51 acts as a pressure equalizer for the pumped water before it passes into the body pipe 2 leaving the lower part of the basin.

Since the water level rises in the last control well, i.e. the guide well, only after a certain, relatively long delay after the lower level has been reached and more water has been supplied to the pool 1 10, it is possible to enter the pool! be as shown in Figures 5 and 6 an overflow pipe 18 to, for example, a nearby open ditch 17. The cycle during which the water level rises to the upper level in the last control well after starting pumping can be about 2 hours, depending on weather conditions, and during the driest summer, when water evaporates a lot , the situation may be such that the water level in the control well remains constantly below the upper level, and thus the pump continuously supplies water to the system. The overflow pipe 18 in the basin 1 is a good solution in the case of Figures 5 and 6, where water is available from the river 9 in principle indefinitely. If water. is available to a limited extent, it is also advantageous to provide a detector in the pool 1 which cuts off the water supply when ** the water level in the pool rises to a certain level.

* »· * 25

• -I

Figure 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the control well 3. The connection of the dense body pipe 2 to the well is sealed at both the inlet and outlet sides at 29. The well 3 may be a cast concrete well, and then it must be sealed from the outside, for example by enclosing it in a dense layer of earth 30. Figure 7 is only is illustrative, and the dense soil layer can be: extended up to several meters from the control well · 3. The body pipe 2 is shown in Figure 7 directly into the well *. 35, but in practice the connection to the well may be ·· 13 98878 good to make on both the inlet and outlet side with a separate short pipe to which the body pipe is tightly connected. It is a good idea to leave a space of 30 - 40 cm below the connections of the main pipe 2 in the control well in case of precipitation accumulation.

5 The control well 3 can also be made of plastic, in which case it is tight in itself and can also be pre-equipped with connecting connections projecting from it, to which the body pipe 2 can be easily connected tightly. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the height of the orifice of the body tube 10 exiting or entering the control well can be adjusted with a wide variety of solutions. Figure 7 shows a solution in which a flexible and flexible accordion or spiral type tube 31 is connected to the body tube leaving the control well, which can be bent and positioned relatively freely in the control well and thus adjust the height of its orifice 33 to the height of the incoming body tube opening and for example 60 cents above it. between the available height. Fig. 7 shows only an illustrative means 35 which enters through the cover 34 of the control well 3 and by means of which the height of the mouth opening 33 of the outlet body 20 can be adjusted in the well either continuously or stepwise depending on how the means 35 is implemented in practice. The means 35 may be based on the use of lever arms and / or cables or ropes. The part of the pipe 31 used to adjust the level of the water V * can also be, for example, a pivoting pipe or a telescopic pipe, or it can comprise two overlapping pipes, which are suitably provided with openings, so that The openings at different heights »'· *: open when the overlapping pipes are rotated relative to each other. The solution may be t. ·. 30 also a height-adjustable wall or the like, such as J * ··. GB-A 2 036 521, but it is difficult to implement this and many other solutions ί.ί: so that the control height is obtained between the inlet and a sufficiently higher level when there is space for both the bottom area of the 35 wells and the with respect to the space below the level of the body tube, quite little is available for arranging the adjustment 14 98878. A flexible and flexible tube 31 as shown in Figure 7 feels advantageous in this respect. ,, ..... ······ ···· ·: · 7 -.--- from the simplest and easiest solution, and can be implemented with many different available flexible and. · r. ··· ..... ···.

5 ..... using flexible tubes. As the above-ground adjustment well interferes with work, especially spring sowing, harvesting and plowing, the adjustment well can be implemented ..... .. ····;. ·· · .- · - - .-: ------ 71 also so that it is completely below the surface of the ground and, for example, a plowing layer about 30 cm thick. One such implementation of an adjustment well is explained below with reference to Figure 9.

· ♦ -.- · ... 7. . y ·

The adjusting well of Fig. 9 is made of a base ring 36 with a diameter of about 1 meter and a concrete conical ring 38 connected to it by a longitudinal seal 15 37, on top of which a cover 39 made of, for example, concrete or cast iron is provided. The cover has a hole 40 for an adjusting rod 35. handle 41 actions. The adjusting rod can be set stepwise at different heights on the spindles 42 in the adjusting rod 42. The lower end of the adjusting rod is attached to the end of the spiral tube 31 for adjustment. The extension of the control rod at the upper end is a signaling device 43, which • can be separated from the crop during the growing season and from which the S ...

** to which height the groundwater in the well in question is • .........

5 25 provided. Prefabricated ** plastic fittings 44 have been molded into the bottom of the concrete well, into which the body pipe 2 can be inserted directly from the outside and sealed with a rubber seal *; 45 using. The flexible plastic tube 31 with thin steel wire reinforcement is fixed with a clamp 46. 30 to the alga body pipe side fitting 44. In this embodiment of the control well, the water level is set on the incoming pipe side, which is advantageous in particular because the outgoing pipe then remains on the water surface »..... ..... .... . .

, * below, and does not attempt to clog due to floating debris.

·. 35 The well is covered with a layer of gravel or sand of about 30 cm, j 47 and during the irrigation season this layer is removed and the water level 98878 π 15 nan can be adjusted to the target height by lifting the handle 41 of the control rod 35. At the end of the irrigation season the control rod handle 41 is returned and the well is covered with a layer of gravel, so that the field work can be carried out on the well completely normally.

In principle, any drainage pipe solution can be used as a drainage or absorption pipe in the irrigation system according to the invention, but a flexible drainage pipe with a perforated roll and a water-permeable tissue coating which prevents ground particles from entering the pipe or thus punching the drain and clogging the pipes. If the soil type is favorable, i.e. suitably permeable to water, it is sufficient to use a mere pipe, but in general, as stated above, it is advisable to use a more abundant suitable medium, Salao-jasor, wood chips, peat or the like around the pipe. -20. If the area to be irrigated is surrounded by a ditch, as is usual, the ends of the drain pipes can be left a few meters away from the perimeter, as shown in connection with Figure 2. A suitable distance may be, for example, 3-5 meters. Another possibility is to use salaoj auxiliary pipes ϊ ··; 25 at the ends of the sealed tube, as shown in Fig. 8. with signs 4a, and raises these near the perimeter 8a tu- *****. . the algae ends curve upwards, so that the water does not reach the end of the drain until its level exceeds V! the level of the level set by means of the control well. If, due to the quality of the soil, 30 systems require the possibility to • rinse the rust precipitate out of the piping, it is arranged in the same way as the drainage systems. a sack, that is to say, for example, by passing from the drains to its perimeter a closed tube of branches which are normally plugs - *; · 35 tuja and which can be opened at the time of removal of the rust precipitate:

In the following, the operation and application possibilities of the irrigation system according to the invention will be examined in even more detail. The desired height of the irrigation water surface can be set to the area to be irrigated by means of the control wells 3 by means of manual control. It is, of course, a prerequisite for maintaining the desired surface height that it is possible to supply sufficient irrigation water to the irrigation system. By means of the control 10 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of irrigation water supplied to the irrigation system can be optimized so that only the amount of water required to maintain the surface height is introduced into the system. As has been shown above, the implementation and operation of the irrigation system seeks to ensure that the irrigation water leaves the irrigation area as little as possible, other than by means of the desired adjustments through the irrigation system. The operation of the control can also be adjusted to suit each case by setting the levels L1 and L2 at which the detector means cause the supply of water to the irrigation system to be switched on and off, respectively. The water level in the irrigated area can be adjusted, for example, to gradually decrease. as the growing season progresses. This allows the plants- ... ». . grows throughout the growing season without water shortages 25 as well as other growth factors allow. The irrigation water used by the plants evaporates into the air at a rate corresponding to a daily precipitation of 0-5 mm, depending on the daytime temperature, • · ....... .. ’: · :: wind and lush vegetation. Irrigation water supply: for example, the pump and the irrigation water line are dimensioned so that their capacity corresponds to the maximum: e: *: water transfer capacity satisfactory for the additional need for continuous irrigation water ** · *:. As already stated above, irrigation water • .................. - ..... ....... .....

, in any case a relatively small amount of energy * ··· * 35 is required to supply the irrigation system s according to the invention. Depending on the density of the subsoil, a very large part of the irrigation water can be made available to plants. When using the irrigation system according to the invention 17 98878, it is very necessary to monitor the weather information during the growing season.

The amount of approaching low-pressure precipitation should be able to accommodate - in the irrigation area without the risk of crop drowning. Therefore, the boundary heights of the water surfaces of the 5 control wells and the guide well are then adjusted down, if necessary to the depth of the body pipe. In this case, the excess water brought about by precipitation quickly escapes from the area of the irrigation system.

The irrigation system according to the invention must be designed and. always be carried out according to the conditions prevailing at the site. It can be implemented as a small-scale system with only a few control wells, or it can be implemented as a larger one, for example with 10 to 20 control wells. In the implementation, it is possible to take advantage of the previous drainage system, but it still has to take into account the special requirements for the required irrigation and the necessary accessories. Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the implementation of the irrigation system 20 according to the invention in a slope area with a large number of different soil types. The diagram shows a sloping area for which the irrigation system according to the invention is to be implemented, and in particular the operation and placement of the pipes depending on the soil type and topography, i.e. e.g. the orientation of the drainage pipes towards the slope. tetrachloride. To the top left, which is the highest point in the area, ····· -,. a water basin 1 is arranged, from which a line formed by the body pipe 2 and the control wells 3 terminates in the guide well 3a. Drain pipes 4, only some of which are provided with reference numerals 30, are marked in the figure in a thin uniform • · · ·; on that line. The elevation curves are indicated by thick wise butters, of which solid lines indicate full meters ’·. ice, dash / dotted lines half a meter dotted lines four- «· * sub-meters. Next to each height curve, the difference is marked * 1 * 35 with respect to the highest Ö curve. The control wells are located according to the 25 can rule. The main pipe from the line m ··· - ·· e ···· * · 18 98878 to the right is marked with circled letters in the figure for the soil type of each sub-area, and the implementation of the irrigation system according to soil types and other conditions from the beginning of the system is described below.

5 The area closest to Basin 1 is sandy HK and then fine sand HHK. Such areas do not normally require drainage because they are usually inherently too dry. By means of the irrigation system according to the invention, they can be put to efficient use by placing a specially perforated absorption or irrigation pipe every 5 to 10 meters. These pipes use much less routing than a normal drain pipe, the density of which must be assessed separately in each case and can only be done at the installation stage. These tubes are also placed at a higher depth than usual, at a depth of about 60 to 80 cm. The following soil types are coarse sand KHt, sand Ht and fine sand HHt. With these types of soil, the impregnation piping for controlled irrigation can be implemented in exactly the same way as the nor-20 paint drainage piping is made for these types of soil.

However, ditch spacing is dimensioned somewhat denser than normal drainage to ensure that water <if is sure to be absorbed up to the middle of successive ditches ** ’*, and on the other hand to prevent rainfall during the irrigation season.

*;. ** 25 allows excess water to be absorbed into the ditch as quickly as possible. Absorption is also increased by surrounding the drains with more gravel, wood chips or other medium than normal. • · ........ .....

: on the floor. In addition, the necessary points can be made:; gravel meshes 48. The distance between the ditches in these areas is 10 - 30 18 meters. Leakers, for example longer than 50 meters, • may be at the beginning of a 50 mm pipe and at the end of ··· · ...

. * · * · At the end of a 40 mm tube. These soil types are suitable for hike. *, due to their ability, are also the best applications for the irrigation system according to the invention. The following type of soil is ... ·

··· * Part 35 contains sand HS, which is a difficult type of soil for the application of the invention. The absorption compartment must have a large number of suitable · ····· • · 19 98878 chips, chips or the like and definitely tissue-coated absorption tubes. In addition, the ditches must be dense, at intervals of about 10 to 12 meters. The last type of soil in the diagram is real clay AS, where the optimal ditch spacing is 8 to 12 meters-5, and this type of soil also requires abundant use of gravel, wood chips or the like in impregnation dams. Clay is also a problematic soil type for the use of the invention, because water flows in it slowly and because the density of the soil type impairs the function, for example in the event of heavy summer rains. Urpaslay, on the other hand, are favorable areas for the use of the method. They have a relatively good natural water flow and can use ditch spacing of 15 to 20 meters.

The irrigation system according to the invention is best suited for use in low-lying areas where the soil types are relatively easily permeable to water. In Finland, Ostrobothnia and the extensive coastal strip of the Gulf of Finland are such areas.

20

Some embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but it is clear that the possibilities for carrying out the invention are not limited to these. The invention may “**. vary within the range defined in the appended claims.

* · • *. ........

·: * ·:: IT: •: · »· ...... .......

s ϊ: /: ·.

··· i: ··· ··· :::

Claims (12)

20 98878 An irrigation system for maintaining a desired water level in the ground in an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprising: a water tank (1) in which the water level can be maintained above said desired level, piping water from one or more control wells (3) connected to the piping, characterized in that the piping for supplying water from the water-15 tank (1) to the irrigation system and distributing it to the irrigation system and for discharging excess water from the irrigation system comprises: a sealed pipe (2) leaving the water tank (1) runs at a depth of substantially 20 in a direction gently sloping with respect to the horizontal plane or substantially horizontally in succession of said one or more adjustments through the brain (3) through the area of the irrigation system and is tightly connected both to enter and leave each of the control wells, and drainage pipes (4) from the pipe (2), which ··· · cover substantially the entire area of the irrigation system and · * connected to the pipe (2) so that water can enter. pass between the pipe (2) and the drain pipe (4). ··· ... • ···· '. ..... ...... - · ...... ··· ..... ..... ··· .......... .. • · · · ** 30 Irrigation system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each control well (3) has a pipe, · * ·. (2) means (31, 35) connected to the inlet or outlet to allow water to enter the control well or. * · * · * From the height to be set forward of the well at which the water level is to be maintained. . ~ ·, · '. • / • '3 21 98878 3. A reference system according to claim 2, which comprises a network of devices (3a) which are connected to a line (2) and a device (3) 20 by means of a sensor (12) with a detector and a non-controllable account for the day (LI) and for some of the Respons on the sensor body (12) the detector and the corresponding account are set to £ (*) for ** ** *, the total number of accounts (1). • · · ·. *: 25 ·· · _ ........: 4. Bevattningssystem enligt patentkrav 1,2, 3 or 3, »kännetecknat av att i regullerbrunnen (3a) som avlutlutar en .. ·. · · Linje bestäende av röret ( 2) och regullerbrunnama (3) sT: finns sensororgan (13) som detekterar en uppgäng av vac- 30 tennivän account en inställd andra nivä (L2) and att som en ϊ *. ^ Respons to the sensor organ (13) in the detection field [·; ·. av vattennivä account den inställda andra nivän (L2) frän- • · · .... * · 'kopplas vattentillförseln account vattenbehällaren (1). ··· ...... · ♦ * · ··· Irrigation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control well (3a) terminating the line formed by the pipe (2) and the control wells (3) has detector means (12) for detecting the lowering of the water surface to the set first level (Li), and that in response to the detection means (12) detecting that the water level has dropped to the set first level (LI), the supply of irrigation water to the water tank (1) is started. Irrigation system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the control well (3a) terminating the line formed by the pipe (2) and the control wells (3) has detector means (13) for detecting the rise of the water level to the set second level ( L2), and that in response to the detection means (13) indicating that the water level has risen to the set second level (L2), the supply of irrigation water to the water tank (1) is cut off - 5. Bevattningssystem enligt nägot av föregäende patent-. ·· *. krav, kännetecknat av att vattenbehällaren (1) är en • · ..... bassäng med tätade väggar nedsänkt i Marken. • · 98878 24.] '. "J Baptismal system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water tank (1) is a wall-sealed basin. . Irrigation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water tank (1) comprises means for limiting the rise in water level in the tank (1). 'e ........... ····· •. m 6. A reference system comprising a patented device, comprising a reference to the water supply (1). ..5 ...... ...... -.....; · “··· ν. ···. · ^ 7. A water supply system according to claim 6, which comprises an arrangement for the use of a water supply and a water supply (1). . ... 10 Irrigation system according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for limiting the rise of the water level in the water tank (1) comprise an overflow pipe (18). e '··' ''. e ...... eee i · · ·. Irrigation system according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for limiting the increase in the water level in the water tank (1) comprise limit switching means which cut off the supply of water to the water tank (1). '· · - ·· -' * · '----- - - ·' Λ. ”" - · • 'r ~' r '-' T ...... _ ---- 98878 22 8. A water supply system according to claim 6, which comprises an organ for a water supply and a water supply (1), which comprises a water supply to the water supply (1). 15 9. A system of means according to the preceding claims, which comprises the use of a control device (3, 3a) with a ring (2) and an anniversary. 20 Irrigation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water level / can be adjusted in the control wells (3, 3a) between the level of the pipe (2) and a higher level. Irrigation system according to claim 9, characterized in that said higher level is of the order of 50 cm above the level of the pipe (2). 10 il. Irrigation system according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the water level can be set separately in each control well (3, 3a). Irrigation system according to Claim 10, characterized in that it acts as a drying system when the water level in all control wells (3, 3a) is set at the level of the pipe (2). 20 l. Water supply system for self-propelled water systems in the market for water supply systems, other water supply systems · ·· ···! en vattenbehällare (1) i vilken vattennivä kan • · · 25 hällas ovanför nämnda önskade vattennivä, ··· ..... v; *: **: hällaren (1) account for wattage systems and the number of wires for the wattage system. * · * · flödigt vatten vorten borfratt wattenbe och 30 (3) has an account: ·, rörsystemet, • e · kännetecknat av att rörsystemet för att Mata vattnet frän *. wattenbehällaren (l) account bevattningssystemet och fördela .. * · * det pä omrädet för bevattningssystemet samt för att leda 35 överloppsvatten bort frän bevattningssystemet bildas av: ett rör (2) med This väggar, som utgär frat vat - ***. tenbehällaren (l) och löper väsentligt pä täckdikesdjup i en lätt sluttande riktning mot horizontalplanet eller 23 98878 väsentligt horisontalt, successivt via nämnda en eller flera reglerbrunnar (3) genom omrädet av bevattningssys- ΖΓ _ - reglerbrunn, och ..... 5 täckdikesrör (4) utgäendefrän rörft (2) och. - the back-end is equipped with a back-up system and a copy of the backrest (2) and then the backrest (2) and the back-end (4). · 10 2.Bevattningssystem enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att i respektive regullerbrunn (3) finns organ (31, 3j) i förbindelse med rörets (2) ingängs- eller utgängsmyn-Ning, med vilka vattnet släpps i reglerbrunnen eller vidare fränän den inställda höjd head vilken 15 vattennivan skall hällas. 10. Bevattningssystem enligt patentkrav 9, kännetecknat av att hämnda högre nivä ligger ca 50 cm ovanför rörets. (2) niv. ··· ··· «.....’ · ”25 11. Use of a patent system according to claims 8 or 9, claim-by: according to which a claim is made in the form of a cover (3, 3a). : T: 12. Bevattningssystem enligt patentkrav 10, kännetecknat 30 av att det det fungerar som torksystem dä vattennivan ställts i1. ## in pä samma nivä som röret (2) i samtliga reglerbrunnar O1 1 e V -Ί "........- i -'- r: ···. ..... ...... ...... .............. * ·· ... ... .. t: ··· ··· ........:: ··· .... ..... e ···· .... • e