RU2616376C1 - Method for drainage of territories adjacent to water intake with floodland area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for drainage of the territories adjacent to a water intake with a floodland area is to determine the boundary of the periodic long-term flooding and the contour of the area 1. Within this boundary the drainage network branches 2 are laid by means of known excavating mechanisms, consisting of polyethylene pipes with increased strength. Above the pressure branches 2 of the drainage network, vertical partitions are installed with a positive slope in the soil thickness, which divide it into separate chambers. Between the partitions above the drains 2, filtering pipes with perforated openings are installed, the upper free ends of which are plugged, and the lower ends are connected to the drain housing 2. The filtering pipes are arranged in parallel above each drain 2 stepwise, starting with a smaller height at the plugged drain source to a greater height at the open end mouth of the drain 2. The ends of the drains 2 are directed into the base of the reservoir-collector 6. The reservoir-collector 6 is connected via the pipeline 7 to the well 8. The accumulating reservoir 10 is located above the reservoir-collector 6 and is divided from the floodland area 1 with the dam 11. Water is pumped to the accumulating reservoir 10 from the well 8 by means of the mobile pump station 9. Drainage flow is continuously fed into the accumulation reservoir 10, and then fed to the fields for irrigation to sprinkler machines.

EFFECT: method allows to increase the efficiency and maintaining the balance of the flood flow catchment in the floodland area, to reduce the construction work amount and to improve the environmental situation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a comprehensive reclamation of the agrolandscape of territories adjacent to a reservoir near floodplains exposed to prolonged flooding.

A known drainage system, mainly for peat bogs, including regulating and conducting networks, elements of the regulating network are located perpendicular to the direction of the maximum soil filtration coefficient (Copyright certificate SU No. 657114, ЕВВ 11/00 of 04/15/1979).

The disadvantage is that the filtration coefficient characterizes only the filtering ability of soils, but does not take into account the surface slope. In addition, an analysis of the known materials by the filtration coefficients of undrained bogs, determined at the wetland stations of the hydrometeorological service, shows that the groundwater slope corresponding to the terrain slope, for most of the non-drained bogs, coincides with the direction of the minimum filtration coefficient. Another disadvantage is, in the known system requires laborious and complex hydraulic calculations of groundwater movement for laying dehumidifiers, as well as the limited capacity.

There is a known method of draining bogs by draining drainage water with a regulating network, while determining the maximum filtration costs by which a grid of groundwater runoff lines is built, and the elements of the regulating network in the plan are perpendicular to the direction of these lines (Copyright certificate SU No. 1062337, ЕОВВ 11/00 from 12/23/1983).

However, this method of drainage is a perpendicular diagram of the directions of the lines of runoff of groundwater and laid with a large length of drainage channels, which deprives the system of universality in the adjacent groundwater drainage in floodplain areas. The discharge into the water intake from the boundaries of the site depends on the discharge of specific depressions and it is necessary to carry out complex hydraulic calculations to build grids of groundwater runoff lines, which makes it impossible to take into account complex floodplain areas by the location of such areas to the terrain, and also does not allow the accumulation of drainage water from floodplain sections of rivers, when floods of such rivers last on average about two months, while the level in the river rises and then falls again, and the floodplain of the site remains flooded for a length of linen time. At the same time, the absence of reservoirs with regulatory structures significantly reduces the environmental friendliness of the entire territory, uncontrolled overgrowing of the floodplain occurs.

There is a method of anti-erosion protection of the relief on grass polders, including the discharge of water from the polder area, which is divided into sections, and the discharge is carried out by conducting channels, while the polder area is divided into strip tapes 50 ... 60 m wide from each other parallel to the river along the longitudinal the scheme by which the runoff of surface water is delayed, in addition, the runoff of excess surface water and filtering from the soil are discharged by open waste collectors located along the river slope, while carrying out the discharge of groundwater from strip tapes through gentle slopes of the collectors with their simultaneous self-cleaning from accumulated soil during the period of flooding, the collectors of which are located along the borders of strip tapes, shrub plantings are planted on the upper edge of the collector 1.0 m wide moreover, the waste collectors are connected to a collective open discharge channel, at the end of which reinforcing structures are arranged, while the collective discharge channel is arranged with a downward slope towards the river thoron removing seats from the reset drain water in such a place where there is no influence on its flooding collectors (Patent RU №2563146, E02V 11/00, 13/16 A01V from 09/20/2015).

The disadvantage of this method is that the drain continues to flow into open collectors and discharge occurs downstream of the river over a long distance. In addition, work is complicated annually when floodplains are flooded, as a result of which the installation of open collectors and shrub plantings increase the cost of operation and require constant maintenance, and this is an additional cost and time. In addition, it does not take into account the accumulation of drainage water during the flood period in full and the further supply to upstream irrigated areas.

The closest technical solution is the method of drainage of territories adjacent to the water intake area with a floodplain, including lowering the groundwater level by dumping them into the water intake through the drainage network, before lowering the groundwater level on the floodplain, the ground flow is intercepted from the mainland by a trapping channel with a drain ground flow into the water intake, and the hunting channel is performed in plan envelope floodplain section with the conclusion of its ends in the water intake, and lowering the level I groundwater within inundated portion carried through a drainage network with zero bias, consisting of a number of artificial ponds, interconnected channels, flowing to Stalker channel (Author's Certificate SU №1693196, E02V 11/00 from 23.11.1991).

However, the well-known branching of the drainage system, although it is associated with a decrease in the general level of the floodplain, significantly increases its density and is carried out by open channels by dumping from the mainland (upstream) and, with the floodplain part of the infiltration and technical water supply. In addition, the construction of numerous artificial reservoirs on the drainage network in the form of branches of open channels with a zero slope of the bottom causes sedimentation and siltation in them. All this requires additional mechanized costs and time after the fall of the water level in the floodplain, which occurs only with a decrease in the river level in the summer. All this deprives the drainage system by regulating the level downstream near the reservoir. In addition, the main flooding in the presence of numerous reservoirs on the open branch of the canal occurs during the flood period, and after the drop in the water level, it is necessary to cleanse solid runoff (sediment), repair work, and in other cases, restore the reservoirs due to the collapse of their walls ( slopes), while it is necessary to discharge water again into the river, which deprives the system of versatility in the adjacent floodplain areas and the collection for water supply to the upstream irrigated areas, all this significantly reduces the environmental the entire territory, there is an uncontrolled drainage process.

The essence of the invention is the development of a drainage method that allows efficient use of flood accumulation in floodplain sections of the river by drainage through the soil thickness and their rational distribution near the floodplain area due to the operation of differentiated water distribution units with accumulation in the storage reservoir (storage pond).

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of maintaining the equilibrium of the catchment area, improving the ecological situation in the adjacent floodplain lands, and maintaining the natural and hydrological regimes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of drainage of territories adjacent to the water intake with a floodplain area, including lowering the groundwater level by dumping them into the water intake through a branch of the drainage network, the area of the floodplain area consists of branches of the drainage network, which is performed with a positive slope and converging at the base of the reservoir collector, in this case, for efficient collection of water into the storage reservoir, the collector reservoir is connected to a well by means of a closed pipeline and connected to a mobile pump station, the branches of the drainage network are equipped with vertical partitions on top, which divide each branch of the drainage network into separate chambers for redistributing the total volume along the length of each branch of the drain, and filter pipes with perforated holes are installed between the partitions, and the filter pipes are placed over the branches of the drainage buried in the ground networks, and the open end discharges of the filter pipes are connected in the direction of the slope with the drain, while the accumulating reservoir is located above the collector reservoir and ene with floodplains - the bulk dam.

In addition, the layout of the filter pipes with perforated holes between the partitions begins at the dead end of the drain source.

Irrigated sites are located on gentle slopes and above the floodplain away from the accumulating reservoir (storage pond). Such an arrangement makes it possible to direct the flood waters coming from the lower floodplain of the catchment drainage area to accumulate the storage reservoir for the summer period for irrigated areas, i.e. accumulation of water in an accumulating reservoir, flood drainage water can be used for irrigation, for example, by sprinkling. The accumulating reservoir is located above the reservoir-collector and is divided with the floodplain - bulk embankment.

The drainage branches of the drainage system are arranged with a positive slope and converging at the base of the reservoir-collector, which allows using a well combined with a mobile pumping station to supply water to the storage reservoir, which in turn will further reduce siltation of the drainage branches and flush them with a large drainage of drainage water coming from filter pipes with perforated holes and parallel to the branches of the drainage system that are buried in the soil and do not interfere th processing and growing grass hay and other crops (e.g. vegetable) on flood areas after the recession of flood water in a river.

The closed drainage system is interconnected by a collector pond arranged from the adjacent river bank closer to the gentle slope of the irrigated area and the terrain deviation to the field boundaries, where a well is arranged, combined with a mobile pumping station, with an accumulating pond enclosed by the location of the bulk dam.

Thus, the excess flood water (formed during floodplain flooding) drained through the thickness of the soil after a drop in the water level in the river is accumulated in an accumulating reservoir (storage pond), from where they can be fed for irrigation of this field through differentiated water distribution units to sprinklers (these nodes are not shown).

The proposed method provides several advantages that allow the efficient use of flood waters: they can be accumulated directly on the territory of gentle slopes of the floodplain towards irrigated areas fenced by a bulk dam; in the case of a lack of surface drained flood waters after a decrease in the level in the floodplain, in the thickness of the soil is still sufficiently preserved water, as well as when filtering a river bank dam with a gradual decrease in the water level in the river. These drainage waters can still enter the closed branches of the drainage system, saturated with water-soluble fertilizers, and can be fed for irrigation using sprinkler technology. Water distribution management is carried out by the maintenance personnel of this facility.

According to the patent and scientific and technical literature, no similar technical solution was found, which allows us to judge the inventive step of the proposal.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, explaining the proposed method.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a territory with a floodplain area of the described method, plan; in FIG. Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section along the length of a branch of a closed drain with installed partitions of filter pipes with perforated holes.

The width of the floodplain of the territory to be drained with the floodplain area determines the boundary of periodic long-term flooding and the contour of area 1. Then, within the known boundaries, create branches of the drainage network 2 using known earth-moving mechanisms, which are closed by drains, for example, from polyethylene pipes with increased strength. Known branched drainage systems can reduce the overall level by draining through the thickness of the soil and their density, however, the usefulness of such an operation system is low for the floodplain.

In this method, the lowering of the filtering level of groundwater is carried out by performing the pressure branch of the drain 2 with a positive slope, over the upper part of which in the thickness of the soil, vertical partitions 3 are installed over the drains 2, which divide its length into separate chambers 4. To the drainage drains 2, between the partitions 3, filter tubes 5 with perforated holes are installed above the drain 2. The free upper ends of the drain 2 are muffled, and the lower ends of the filter pipes 5 are connected on a slope with the body of the branch of the drain 2. For better collection of drained water relative to the positive slope of the drain 2, the filter pipes 5 are placed in parallel on top of each drain 2 in steps, starting from a lower height at the source of the plugged drains to a greater height at the mouth of the open end of the drain 2, the ends of the drains are directed to the base of the reservoir-collector 6. The reservoir-collector 6 is connected via a pipe 7 to a well 8 equipped with a mobile pumping station 9. the accumulating reservoir 10 is protected from the floodplain section 1 by the bulkhead 11. Using a mobile pumping station 9 near the accumulating reservoir 10 (storage pond) allows further control of the pumping of water from the well 8, which is constantly filled with water from the reservoir-collector 6 from closed drains 2. The number of beam branches of drains 2 can be different for collecting filtration water using filter tubes 5 with chambers 4 between partitions 3. Thus, filter tubes with perforated holes in the upper nke possible to fill the filter tube 5 with different pressure with discharge drains 2 stepwise, gradually filling them up to volume with water. At the same time, drainage water saturated with water-soluble fertilizers enters the mouth of the drain 2 and fills the collector reservoir 6. The flow changes from the high-speed pressure state to calm, filling the well 8 with a mobile pumping station 9.

With a hydraulic slope of the closed branches of drains 2, the relationship with the collector pond 6, the well 8 and the mobile pumping station 9, the accumulating pond 10, the amount of accumulated groundwater in the thickness of the soil and its decompression amplitude of the level fluctuation is stabilized and depends on the filtration properties of the soil; the slope of the branches of drains and stepwise placed above the drains of filter pipes located between the vertical partitions.

With this arrangement of water-holding obstacles in the form of vertical partitions for each drainage branch, the drainage drain through the soil thickness enters the filter pipes with perforated holes and flows stepwise into the drainage branch, gradually increasing the water velocity in it, respectively, there is no accumulation and deposition of sediment and nutrients to the bottom drains, then they are completely washed away towards the mouth of the drains. The accumulated water flow is used in the summer for irrigation. The floodplain area itself, freed from flood waters, having an increased concentration of soluble nutrients at a sufficient depth of groundwater, improves the natural hayfields of grasses during their ripening, when the level in the river begins to fall, and also allows other agricultural work to grow crops ( e.g. vegetable, etc.). This ensures the expansion of the reproduction of soil fertility both in floodplains and for irrigation fields, while maintaining the natural water-air regime.

The main filling of the accumulating reservoir, separated by a bulk dam from the floodplain, occurs during the flood period.

Excess water in closed drains helps to flush them with a large flow of water, which eliminates the danger of complete siltation, while the flow rates are increased, not silted, which are determined by calculation using formulas and construction standards known in hydraulics (in accordance with SNiP).

Example (practical observations)

Practice has shown, for example, that the flow of the Ob River in the suburban area from the city of Ryazan forms a large number with pronounced floodplain areas that can be used for the proposed method, and to exclude flooded areas from prolonged standing of water in them when the level in the river drops to a minimum level of depending on seasonality and hot summers, and collecting good quality herbs.

Thus, not only the accumulating area of floodplains will be used, which affects the growth of crops, but also that accumulating useful volume of runoff accumulated in the accumulating reservoir with drainage waters, which is intended for irrigation of fields, while the proposed method provides expanded reproduction of soil fertility in natural conditions, increases the yield of grasses and other crops during the drainage of floodplain floodplains; significantly increases the environmental friendliness of the entire territory, since there is no overgrowing with reeds and other weeds, and accordingly reduces malaria.

The use of water drainage technology during floodplains flooding with floods provides ecological and reclamation conditions of the territory in hot summers.

Claims (2)

1. The method of drainage of territories adjacent to the water intake with a floodplain site, including lowering the groundwater level by dumping them into the water intake through a branch of the drainage network, characterized in that the area of the floodplain area consists of branches of the drainage network, which is performed with a positive slope and converging at the base of the reservoir -collector, in order to efficiently collect water into the storage reservoir, the collector reservoir is connected to a well by means of a closed pipeline and connected to a mobile pumping station, branches of the top of the drainage network is provided with vertical partitions, which divide each branch of the drainage network into separate chambers for redistributing the total volume along the length of each branch of the drain, and filter pipes with perforated holes are installed between the partitions, and the filter pipes are placed above the branches of the drainage network buried in the ground, and open end discharges of the filter pipes are connected in the direction of the slope with the drain, while the accumulating reservoir is located above the reservoir-collector and is separated from the floodplain com - the bulk dam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layout of the filter pipes with perforated holes between the partitions begins with a dead end of the drain source.

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