FI96015B - Convertible cargo space construction in freight wagons - Google Patents

Description

96015

The invention relates to a convertible load compartment structure for transporting a load in at least a coil form for transport, the load compartment structure to obtain a base shape and an approximately uniform base shape on the other hand.

A cargo space structure or transport pallet of this type suitable for transporting a modified type of load is known, for example, from GB-1 266 689. A pallet consisting of a pallet of the size of a standard transport container with standard corner pieces for handling a pallet like a conventional transport container is shown here. The corners of this pallet have columns with which its height is also made consistent with a conventional container, and there are also conventional corner pieces at the upper end of these columns. In this publication, the bottom of the pallet has horizontal relatively wide edge areas and at the inner edges of these 20 edge areas facing each other a hinge mechanism to which wedge-shaped pieces are hinged to pivot about the longitudinal axial lines of the pallet. These wedge-shaped pieces are dimensioned so that when they are turned down between the edge areas, a flat bottom is formed on the pallet at the height of the edge areas. When these wedge pieces are turned outwards, an inclined support surface is exposed below them, which is extended by the other surface of the wedge pieces outwards as the wedge pieces rest on the edge areas. In this case, a longitudinal trough is formed on the transport platform, in which coil-like goods can be transported while the V-shaped trough supports them in the transverse direction of the transport platform. Here, therefore, a trough-shaped shape is created on the transport pallet by lifting the wedge pieces upwards to the sides of the carriage, and in an alternative mode of operation a flat base for transporting other goods is created by lowering the wedge pieces down the middle of the carriage. Other goods mentioned in the reference publication are packing boxes and the like, such as packaged foodstuffs. This structure according to the reference publication has numerous disadvantages. First, if a pallet according to the reference publication is to transport unpackaged bulk goods, such as steel scrap, some edges must be provided on the pallet in a manner not described in the reference publication to hold the goods on the pallet, which is both expensive and cumbersome. If, for example, scrap has been transported in the pallet according to the reference publication, scrap residues are easily left in the structure shown, which damage the surface of the coiled products to be placed in the gutters later. In addition, the coil chute structure of the reference publication is easily damaged when transporting non-coils, for example when loading and unloading heavy scrap. Such scrap is unloaded from the wagon with a grab or magnet, which requires a strong and flat 5 base.

The object of the invention is to solve the problems described above, and the starting point of the invention is to provide a load compartment structure which is particularly suitable for use in a steel plant. After all, in the use of a steel mill, steel scrap is often transported to the mill, i.e. pulp, and steel strip coils and / or long steel products, such as bars, profiles and pipes, are transported away from the steel mill. The object of the invention is thus to provide a load compartment structure which is suitable for transporting both coil-like products as well as rod-like products and bulk cargo. Another object of the invention is such a load compartment structure, in which the conversion of the load compartment from one operating space to another, i.e. from bulk transport to coiled and rod-like products and vice versa, does not require the use of special accessories but must take place at least mainly by moving permanent parts. A third object of the invention is such a cargo space structure in which the components acting as transport vessels for coiled products and rod-like products do not collect contaminants which damage the surface of the products, but are preferably self-cleaning or easy to clean. A fourth object of the invention is to provide such a load compartment structure, the structural parts of which are not damaged, for example, by the loading of steel scrap or the unloading of steel scrap by handrails or magnets. A fifth object of the invention is such a load compartment structure which can be formed to be detachable from the transport means, whereby it can be removed from the transport means or loaded onto a transport means, which is typically a railway carriage.

The disadvantages described above can be eliminated and the objectives 30 defined above are achieved by the load compartment structure according to the invention, which is characterized by what is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The main advantage of the invention is that the load compartment structure according to it can be modified without essential components imported from elsewhere for coiled or rod-shaped products on the one hand and for the transport of bulk goods on the other hand. Another advantage of the invention is that the structure is simple and strong, so that it is not damaged. the loading and unloading methods applied to the load compartment structure by the high forces used in connection with the steel scrap. Another advantage of the invention is that the surfaces of the load compartment structure which come into contact with the coiled or rod-like product are easy to keep clean, so that the surfaces of these products are not damaged.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows the load compartment structures according to the invention placed in a railway carriage and in a space suitable for the transport of coiled and rod-like products seen from the side of the railway carriage from the direction I of Figure 3.

10

Figure 2 shows the load compartment structures according to the invention in a railway carriage and in a space suitable for the transport of bulk goods in the same view as in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 shows the load compartment structures according to the invention placed in a railway carriage and in a state suitable for the transport of bulk goods from the top of the freight wagon as seen from the direction II of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 shows on a larger scale a cross-section of the second outer side of the load compartment structure 20 according to the invention along the plane III-III of Fig. 3.

Figures 1-3 show an embodiment of the invention in which the load compartment structure 1 is an independent and detachable unit which is fastened to the frame of the respective transport means. In this case, the means of transport is a rail freight wagon 22 and 25, especially a freight wagon suitable for the intended use, because due to the high specific weight of steel the wagon load can be made relatively low and narrow even when transporting bar-like products 6, coils 5 and scrap 7. Preferably, the load compartment structure according to the invention has at least horizontal outer dimensions, i.e.

30 in length T and width B according to the dimensions of a standard transport container. In this case, the load compartment structure has, at least in its lower corners, standard container corner pieces 23, of which the load compartment structure is attached in this case to the frame of the rail freight car 22 in a manner known per se. Such rail freight wagons are designed to carry either two or three sea containers, the load part of the freight wagon being of the order of 12 m or 18 m. In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, longer freight wagons with three sea containers of length T and width B convertible cargo space structure 1. This described dimensioning is preferred, but nothing in 96015 4 precludes the dimensioning of cargo space structures according to the invention from other starting points, and using fastening methods other than those used in containers. Of course, it is also possible to form the load compartment structure as a structural part of the transport means, in which case it is not detachable but forms a part fixedly connected to the frame.

It can be seen from Figure 1 how a load 5 in coil form, such as steel strip coils or rod-like products 6, such as rods, profiles or pipes, can be transported in the convertible load compartment structure 1 according to the invention in a state representative of the first base shape P1. It can be seen from Figures 2 and 3 how, in this load compartment structure according to the invention, it is alternatively transportable, when in a space with edges representative of the second base form P2, bulk material 7, such as steel scrap.

For this convertibility, the load compartment structure 1 according to the invention comprises a fixed base part 3 having at least an approximately flat top surface 8 and two opposite outer edges 4a and 4b of length T and width B. Usually said outer edges 4a and 4b are sides parallel to the length T of the base part 3. , but other types of embodiments can be considered in a special case. In addition, the load compartment structure 20 comprises a plurality of trough parts 2 which can be wound around the horizontal pivot axis lines 9 to obtain a trough-like bottom shape P1 with side surfaces extending on the one hand and an approximately flat bottom shape P2 on the other hand. The number of trough parts 2 may vary and the figures show an embodiment in which four of them are arranged along the length of the sea container for conveying four products in the coil shape 25. It is clear that the number of gutter parts depends on the respective external dimensions of the load compartment structure and the outer diameter of the transported coils, whereby there may be, for example, only two gutter parts 2 or considerably more than the four shown.

The trough parts 2 according to the invention consist mainly of structurally homogeneous components, the thickness S of which is substantially smaller than either of the following dimensions, either length L or width W. Thus, the trough parts 2 are relatively flat pieces so that their thickness S is at most about one third of the three-way length L of the gutter parts or not more than one third of their width 35 W. This maximum dimension is based on the fact that a very large thickness S would unnecessarily limit the load volume when the gutter parts are turned to a vertical position and form a load compartment structure 12. about one-twelfth of the length L of the chute 96015 5 or one-twelfth of the width W of the chute parts, which in turn is due to the fact that when the chute parts 2 are turned horizontally to the position P1 to support the coiled products 5, the height of the sides of the chute en, i.e., the depth D of the school form must be sufficient for the gutter to sufficiently prevent the coils from moving due to the accelerations occurring during transport ai-5. Typically, the thickness S of the gutter parts 2 is of the order of 1/8 -1/4 of the length L and the width W of the gutter parts. Thus, typically the thickness of the gutter parts is of the order of 200-300 mm. In addition, the depth D of the school shape is as close as possible to the thickness S of the trough part for both of the above reasons, so that the trough parts are made as thin as possible and at the same time sufficiently support the products in coil shape. The gutter part 2 is also preferably completely or almost closed in its thickness direction S, whereby closed edges are obtained for the load compartment structure with the gutter parts raised vertically, whereby a load space P2 with an approximately flat bottom surface is formed. However, there is no obstacle to having small holes in the trough part 2, for example for drainage 15.

Thus, in the structure according to the invention, the thickness S of the integral trough parts 2 is delimited by two opposite surfaces, of which the first surface 10 is concave for cylindrical products in the form of a coil and the second surface 11 is at least approximately flat. In principle, for spherical products, the concave surface could be spherically concave, but such an application is so rare that in practice it is not practical to shape trough parts for it. Thus, in practice, the trough parts are always cylindrically concave. This concave first surface 10 and the opposite flat second surface 11 may be formed of, for example, 25 metal plates, such as solid metal plates, fastened to each other, for example along the edges 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b of the trough part in a manner known per se. The longitudinal L edges of the trough of the concave surface 10, which are away from the flat surface 11 of the trough thickness S, are supported in the rest of the trough by either three-way L edges 24a and 24b or perpendicular wedge-shaped portions 30 between the first surface 10 and the second surface 11 or both. It is clear that gutter parts 2 of this shape can be constructed per se in many different ways, • which is normal construction work, so the internal structure of the gutter parts will not be described in more detail in this application than described above.

Each trough part 2 having a cylindrically concave first surface 10, the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical shape of which is denoted by L, has edges 24a, 24b parallel to this longitudinal direction and edges 25a, 25b perpendicular to this trough longitudinal direction 1. The trough parts 2 are fastened from one of these longitudinal directions L

96015 6 against its perpendicular edge 25b to the bottom part 3 of the slag space structure 1 by hinges 19 in the region of the outer edges 4a, 4b of the bottom part. In this case, the trough parts can be pivoted to the vertical position P2 shown in Figures 2 and 3 by means of these hinges 19, the pivot axes 9 of which are thus parallel to the outer edges 4a and 4b of the base part, thereby forming a flat bottom volume 12 in the vertical part 12 of the load compartment structure. P2 is shown in Figure 4 in solid line. Conversely, the trough parts can be pivoted about the pivot axes 9 of these hinges 19 to the horizontal position P1 seen in Fig. 1, indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 4, the concave first surface 10 of the trough part being arranged to point upwards. In this case, the gutter parts act as gutter-like base shapes P1 with guide side surfaces, on which the coil-like products 5 can be placed. There are usually the same number of trough-like base shapes as trough parts. Since the length L of the school shape is also transverse to the length T of the load compartment structure, rod-like products 6 can also be loaded on this base shape P1 15, since the width W of the trough parts is small compared to the length of the rod-like products 6. The rod-like products thus rest on a sufficiently flat surface formed by the tops of the first surfaces of the concavities.

As can be seen from the figures, the trough parts 2 and in particular the surfaces 10 and 11 delimiting them are arranged so that when the trough part points horizontally its concave first surface upwards and the opposite approximately flat surface 11 abuts the upper surface 8 of the base part 3 and when turning the trough parts 4a, 4b, around the pivot axis lines 9 in the vertical position, the concave first surface 10 points outwards from the load compartment structure 1, and the opposite second surface 11 points towards the central area 12 of the load compartment structure 1, delimiting the load space for the bulk cargo 7. In this way, when the concave first surface 10 is in no way in contact with the bulk material and is furthermore in this loading state P2 vertically, it remains very clean. If necessary, this concave first surface can also be cleaned in an upright position and / or, if necessary, it can be raised to an upright position for cleaning operations.

· (

When the trough parts 2 are in the lower position, forming a trough-containing base shape P1, as in Fig. 1, the troughs extend substantially over the entire width B 35 of the base part 3 as uniform trough-like first surfaces. Preferably, these gutter parts 2 are divided along the longitudinal centerline 26 of the load compartment structure into two equal and mirror-symmetrical parts, the three-way length L of each gutter part being of the order of half the width B of the base part 3. These two mirror parts 96015 are 7 meter gutter sections 2a and 2b thus position to obtain a trough-like bottom shape in a horizontal position so that their longitudinal directions L are an extension of each other and are hinged to the bottom part 3 in the regions of its opposite outer edges 4a and 4b, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. The exact length L of these two mirror-symmetrical trough parts 2a and 2b 5 with respect to the width B of the base part depends on the distance of the pivot axis line 9 from the outer edges 4a and 4b of the base part 3 in the embodiment in question. With this embodiment, gutters extending over the entire width of the bottom part are obtained with the gutter parts lowered and edges without openings in the bottom part when the gutter parts 2 are raised to a vertical position.

10

Figure 4 illustrates in more detail the hinge attachment of the trough parts and their pivoting mechanism. The pivot axis lines of the gutter hinges 19 are preferably at a distance E1 indicated by the thickness S of the gutter parts from the respective outer edge 4a or 4b of the bottom part 12 to the bottom center portions 12, so that the outermost points of the concave first surface of the gutter parts are flush with the outer edges 4a . These pivot axis lines 9 are also preferably at a distance E2 from the top surface 8 of the base part either upwards or downwards, at most indicated by the thickness of the trough parts, so that the flat second surface 11 20 of the trough parts rests on the bottom surface 8 in their lowered position P1 and simultaneously in the vertical position P2 no gaps are formed between the base part 3. These extreme positions P1 and P2 defined above are achieved by a different arrangement of the pivot axis line 9, but the structure becomes more complicated and expensive.

. As already mentioned above, the hinges 19 of the trough parts are arranged on opposite outer sides 4a and 4b of the load compartment structure and so that in this longitudinal direction T the pivot axes 9 of the adjacent trough parts 2 are extensions and the trough direction L of the troughs is perpendicular to these pivot axes. In addition, the load compartment structure according to the invention comprises at least one vertical end wall 15 at its ends perpendicular to the longitudinal sides 30a or 14b. Preferably, the end walls are detachable, whereby end walls can be removed between successively arranged load compartment structures as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, in the embodiment of Figure 1, only the distal ends of the outermost load compartment structures have end walls 15 into which the trough parts 2 raised to the vertical position P2 can be locked, thus creating a uniform space formed by the three load compartment structures. Figure 2 shows a uniform side wall formed by the trough parts corresponding to this situation. However, there is nothing to prevent the use of an end wall, if necessary, also at the opposite ends of the load compartment structures 1, as shown by reference numeral 16 in Fig. 3. In this case, each load compartment structure forms its own independent volume 12. The detachability of the end walls 15, 16 allows flexibility in the combinations of load compartment structures for different and different dimensions of loads. However, there is nothing to prevent the use of fixed ends as well.

In principle, the trough parts 2 can be turned to the vertical position P2 and lowered to the horizontal position P1 by any means known per se. This could also take place with external devices at the loading or unloading location, but it is advantageous to arrange the pivoting mechanism in the load compartment structure itself. Preferably, such a turning mechanism can be formed by using hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or similar force members 17 located in the base part 3 and in particular inside their thickness C. Typically, the direction of action 18 of such a force member 17 is parallel to the upper surface of the base part, i.e. the plane 8 of the base part and perpendicular to the pivot axis lines 9 of the hinges. Between the movable component 28 of these force members 17 and the trough part 2 there is a lever member 20, in this case formed by an extension of the trough part 2 on the opposite side of the pivot axis 9, which extension is articulated in the operating direction 18 to the moving member part 28. the outer edge 20a or 4b, respectively, the trough part pivots to the horizontal position P1, which is illustrated in Fig. 4 by dotted lines, forming a trough-like bottom shape. When the operating direction 18 is from the outer edge 4a or 4b, respectively, toward the center portions 12 of the load compartment structure, the trough portion pivots from a horizontal position to a vertical position P2, as shown in solid lines in Fig. 4, forming a flat bottom load. 25 volume for bulk goods.

In particular, in order to protect the surface of the load in the form of a coil, it is advantageous to coat the concave first surfaces 10 of the trough parts 2 with at least a slightly resilient protective layer 21, which also protects these surfaces from corrosion. Possible coatings 30 are wood or various plastics, of which polyurethane is preferably suitable for this purpose. Although the above-mentioned upper surface 8 of the base part 3 is mentioned above as well as the second surface 11 of the chute parts 2, this definition does not necessarily mean flatness, but these surfaces may have, for example, rigidity-increasing ridges or grooves as long as their height in the base direction thickness C and in the chute part thickness direction S. are small in relation to the depth D of the trough shape.

Il

Claims (11)

96015 9 A convertible load compartment structure (1) for transporting a load (5) in at least a coil shape for transport, the load compartment structure comprising a fixed bottom part (3) having an upper surface (8) and outer edges (4a, b) and trough parts (2) 5 to obtain a trough-like bottom shape (P1) with side surfaces extending around the horizontal pivot axes (9) on the one hand and an approximately flat bottom shape (P2) on the other hand, characterized in that the trough parts (2) consist mainly of continuous pieces with a thickness (S) substantially less than their length ( L) and width (W) and whose thickness is delimited by a concave first surface (10) and an at least approximately flat second surface (11) opposite it and that these integral gutter parts (2) are attached to the bottom part (3) of the load compartment structure (1) with hinges (19) in the region of the outer edges (4a, 4b) of the base part so that they can be lowered horizontally in the area of the base part (3) j a can be raised to a vertical position in the region of the outer edges (4a, 4b) of the base part. 15 Convertible load compartment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the concave first surfaces (10) are cylindrically concave, the pivot axes (9) of the hinges (19) are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (L) of this trough and thus parallel to the hinge mounting edge (4a, 4b) and that said different first and second surfaces (10, 11) of the trough parts (2) 20 are arranged relative to each other so that when each trough part is in a horizontal position (P1) its concave first surface (10) points upwards and the trough part is in a vertical position (P2) points to its flat second surface (11) towards the central area (12) of the load compartment structure covered by the base part. 25 Convertible load compartment structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pivot axes (9) of the gutter hinges (19) are at a distance (E1) from the respective outer edge (4a or 4b) of the bottom part and at most approximately the thickness (S) of the bottom part. ) from the upper surface (8) of the base part and that the gutter-length length (L) of each trough part is part of the width (B) of the base part in the same mouth. Convertible load compartment structure according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the gutter-like length (L) of the gutter parts (2) is of the order of half the width (B) of the base part (3) in the same direction, the two gutter parts (2a and 2b) (L) as an extension of each other and are hinged (19) to the bottom portion in the regions of its opposite outer edges (4a and 4b). 96015 10 Convertible load compartment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness (S) of the gutter parts (2) is at most about one third but at least about one twelfth of the length (L) or width (W) of the gutter parts, preferably of the order of 1/8 to 1/4 length (L) or width (W), that the depth (D) of the school form 5 is as close as possible to the thickness (S) of the trough part and that the trough part is substantially closed in its thickness direction (S). Convertible load compartment structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hinges (19) of the trough parts (2) are arranged on the longitudinal outer sides (4a, 4b) of the load compartment structure (1), the load compartment structure further comprising longitudinal sides (4a, 4b) against the perpendicular ends (14a, 14b) I stand the end wall (15) in which the trough parts (2) raised to the vertical position (P2) can be locked and that all end walls (15 and 16) are removable. Convertible load compartment structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the base part (3) has hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or similar force elements (17) of thickness (C), the direction of action (18) of which is in the direction and perpendicular to the hinge pivot lines (9). ) having lever members (20) between the force members (17) and the trough parts (2) for raising the trough parts to a vertical position (P2) and for lowering them to a horizontal position (P1), respectively. Modifiable load compartment structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the concave first surfaces (10) of the trough parts (2) are coated with at least a slightly resilient protective layer (21), such as wood or plastic and preferably polyurethane. 25 Danish. • · Convertible load compartment structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load compartment structure (1) is an independent unit which can be attached to and detachable from the frame of the respective means of transport, such as a rail freight wagon (22), and has at least horizontal dimensions in accordance with a standard transport container. with dimensions and with standard container corner pieces (23) at the corners for securing the load compartment structure. Convertible load compartment structure according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the load compartment structure (1) forms a structural part of the means of transport in question, such as a railway freight wagon (22). 11 96015