FI85350B - GLIDGJUTMASKIN FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV BETONGELEMENT OCH ISYNNERHET HAOLELEMENT. - Google Patents

Description

d 5,350

Sliding casting machine for the manufacture of concrete elements, in particular hollow elements - Glidgjutmaskin för fram-ställning av Betongelement och isynnerhet hälelement

The invention relates to a sliding casting machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

In particular, sliding casting methods are already known for producing hollow core slabs from concrete, in which the concrete is continuously pressed from the hopper into the mold by means of a screw conveyor and the concrete is compacted by a high-frequency vibrator in contact with the mold walls or core elements. The disadvantage of these methods is that the concrete compacts unevenly and insufficiently, especially if the wall thicknesses of the building element vary. In addition, there is heavy wear of the mold parts and the vibrator and the noise generated is considerable. In addition, due to the vibrators, the manufacturing equipment becomes complicated in structure, because the transfer of the energy of the vibrator to the walls of the mold requires expensive constructions.

In addition, sliding methods are known in which the concrete is fed in layers into the mold under pressure and compacted. In this case, the disadvantages are the limited use possibilities, in particular with regard to the achievable structural height of the building element, and the lower strength of the concrete. This method also causes a high noise level.

The following is a brief reference to some prior art publications.

FI 64 072 concerns the so-called poikittaishiertotiivistystä.

GB 560 105 relates to a mold made of a flexible material which is deformable by means of a movable piston.

SU 766 660 relates to a conventional expandable design member.

SU 808 297 also applies to a conventional design element.

2 85350 SU 863 348 relates to a piston structure with which concrete can be compacted e * sim. when casting beams.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,143,782 relates in principle to a similar structure.

DE 631 780 relates to a rotary shaping member for in-situ casting.

DE 2 225 413 relates to a conventional longitudinally vibrating screw.

CH 477 964 relates to an internal vibrating beam with a vibrating movement having a longitudinal, transverse and vertical component.

EN 67 320 applies to machining by means of a synchronized parallel rotation of the formwork walls.

PI 74 648 relates to changing the thickness of a shaped mandrel by means of an internal wedge surface system.

The invention provides a sliding casting machine for the production of hollow core slabs and other structural elements, preferably of concrete, whereby by avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages a high sealing efficiency and a good uniformity of the sealing of the structural material are obtained while the noise level is low.

The sliding casting machine according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1. In this way, the modification work required in each case for the individual mold walls can be transferred in a directed manner to the structural material, so that a particularly good and uniform sealing of the structural material and the high strength of the resulting structural elements are achieved. The sealing operation can be performed with relatively slow movements compared to the known vibration, whereby the wear of the manufacturing equipment and the mold parts is negligible. Relatively slow compaction movements also allow for a significant reduction in noise levels. In particular, dry concrete can be used and worked, in which case even better homogeneity and strength of the structural material and thus of the structural element can be achieved.

In this case, the structural material is fed under pressure into the mold by means of one or more conveying screws or other suitable conveying device, and one or more cavities arranged in the cavity provide axial reciprocating movement to the structural material, and in particular the entire cross-section of the mold. The movement of the thread, threads or thread parts preferably takes place in the longitudinal direction of the structural element and thus allows an unobstructed flow of concrete to the sealing point. In contrast to the known methods in which compaction is performed by means of vibrators, in the method according to the invention the compaction is achieved by friction and pressure, which results in an improvement in the uniformity and strength of the structural material and thus of the structural element. In low-frequency work movements, the structural material is compacted very well by means of special threads or core parts, in particular wedge-shaped ones.

The machine according to the invention not only achieves an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products (structural elements), but also creates an opportunity to manufacture new types of products from concrete or concrete-like structural materials of the required quality.

On the other hand, simple wedge-shaped sealing pieces can be used to provide frictional sealing, which can be formed to expand or contract in the flow direction of the structural material. On the other hand, threaded parts assembled from wedge- or conical elements can be used, whereby tapers are created on the contact surfaces of the elements. Sealing can be achieved with one single

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with a wedge or conical element or also with several elements of this type arranged side by side and / or in succession.

In addition to hollow core slabs, the device according to the invention can also be used to produce, among other things, solid plates, in particular of concrete and of the desired quality, in which case one or possibly more screw conveyors are sufficient as the transport device.

An embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section.

Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a machine for making hollow core slabs according to the invention, seen from the end of the machine, the device being adjusted to produce three-hole hollow core slabs.

Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a horizontal longitudinal section of the screw conveyors and threads of the hollow core manufacturing device according to the invention in the second limit position of the reciprocating movement of the device.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a horizontal longitudinal section of the screw conveyors and threads of the hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention in a second, opposite limit position of the reciprocating movement of the device.

Figure 5 schematically shows the wedge shaping by means of two adjacent shaping parts and illustrates the principle for compacting concrete.

Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section in a reciprocating motion of a hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention

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5 65350 of an application example of a screw conveyor and threaded parts, the threaded parts being surrounded by a resilient hose.

Fig. 7 shows, as a use example, a cross-section corresponding to Fig. 2 for the manufacture of concrete supports or beams.

Fig. 8 shows, as a use example, a section corresponding to Fig. 2, showing the manufacture of supports or beams.

The application example of the hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 has a concrete silo 1 from which the concrete falls onto a screw conveyor 2. By means of the screw conveyors 2 the concrete is evenly distributed and the required pressure is applied to the concrete. As can be seen from Figures 1 and 3, a plurality of screw conveyors 2 together with the sealing part and the threaded parts 4, 5 are arranged in parallel in a horizontal plane in parallel in the application example 3, whereby the screw conveyors 2, the sealing part 3 and the threaded parts 4, 5 are arranged in succession. However, the order can also be such that the screw conveyors 2 are arranged between the threaded parts 4, 5 together with the sealing part 3 for conveying bearing or from top to bottom obliquely. Instead of the screw conveyors 2, other suitable conveyors capable of providing a sealing pressure can also be used. The joint between the rotating screw conveyor 2 and the non-rotating shaped part consisting of the sealing part 1 and the threaded parts 4, 5 is sealed with respect to the concrete in order to prevent the penetration of concrete inside the screw conveyor 2 and possibly inside the shaped parts 3, 4, 5. The joint between the screw conveyor 2 and the form piece 3, 4, 5 is also sealed against the penetration of concrete in the case where the form piece 3, 4, 5 moves back and forth in the longitudinal direction in the fixed screw conveyor 2. A known labyrinth seal, a lip seal or a similar seal made of a resilient material can be used for sealing.

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The bearing of the screw conveyors 2 and the threaded parts 4, 5 takes place in the guide part 6, 7, which allows a longitudinal sealing movement, see arrow in Fig. 1, with respect to the machine body 16, cf. Figure 2, and the rotation of the screw conveyors 2. The guide part 6, 7 consists of an axially displaceable rod 6, to which the threaded parts 4, 5 are fixed, and a cavity shaft 7, to which the screw conveyor 2 is fixed. The screw conveyor 2 is rotated by means of a drive unit 8 by means of a drive belt, a chain or similar drive members which engage the cavity shaft 7. The longitudinal reciprocating movement of the threaded parts 4, 5 is effected by an eccentric device of the drive unit 9.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, sealing spaces 10 are formed between the threaded parts 4, 5 and the side plates 11 arranged on their sides, which are delimited at the bottom by the mold bottom (fixing path) 18 and at the top by a tension plate 14. The side plates 11 form side profiles. The side plates 11 are formed in this way, cf. Figure 3 that they help in the frictional compaction of the concrete. For this purpose, the side plates 11 are movable in the controller 12 of the drive unit 9 or also of the separate drive units 13, cf. Figure 2, by means of the longitudinal direction. The traction plate 14 is used to form the upper surface of the element. The tension plate 14 can also be shaped so as to promote frictional sealing. In the illustrated embodiment, the tension plate 14 moves transversely to the flow direction of the concrete, cf. arrow in Figure 2, by means of the drive unit 15, to smooth the surface of the element. The hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention is supported by a machine body 16 which can be moved on the wheels 17 relative to the mold base 18.

with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5, the operation of the hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention will be described below, the principle of which is based on the friction sealing of the concrete when forming the elements.

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The threaded part 5 is delimited in the longitudinal direction by parallel wall surfaces and said part forms the inner shape of the cavities in the elements. The cross-sectional shape of the threaded parts 5 can be seen in Fig. 2. Next to the threaded parts 5 there are threaded parts 4 with a constriction, in the application example a central constriction formed by two approximately conical pieces. Alternatively, the threaded parts 4 can also be made of wedge-shaped pieces. Also, several similarly shaped thread parts 4 can be arranged in succession so that several constrictions follow one another in the longitudinal direction.

The side plates li have recesses corresponding to the shape of the constrictions of the threaded parts 4.

The constrictions in the threaded parts 4 and the recesses in the side plates 11 form work surfaces which delimit the sealing space 10 and cause a sealing event. In this case, the sealing spaces 10 expand and contract periodically due to the longitudinal movement of the threaded parts 4, 5 and possibly also of the side plates 11 already described above. Concrete fed under pressure between the work surfaces is then compressed as the compaction spaces narrow, whereby solid particles (such as stone granules) in the concrete rub against each other. This results in a very efficient compaction of the concrete and a very high final strength, and in addition it is also possible to process dry concrete very cheaply.

The longitudinal movement of the threaded parts 4, 5 and possibly the side plates 11 is determined in such a way that the adjacent parts move in opposite directions. In Fig. 3, the middle thread part 4, 5 together with the side plates 11 is shown moved in the flow direction of the concrete and both side thread parts 4, 5 are shown moved in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the concrete. In this position, the sealing spaces 10 are at their smallest. In Figure 4, all the parts are in the opposite position, whereby the sealing spaces 10 are expanded.

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The deformation of the sealing space 10 is shown in Fig. 5. The intact lines show the expanded shape of the sealing space 10, the broken lines its compressed shape. In this case, it should be noted that the enclosed concrete compresses along parallel lines and moves at the interfaces relative to each other. 10 Sealing the contraction mode takes place in the direction of the upper kiernaosan the direction of arrow 4 in Figure 4 by a movement, wherein according to Figure 5 the lower kiernaosaa 4 (adjacent kiernaosista 4, 5) can be considered as a solid.

The depth and length of the conical or wedge-shaped surfaces are suitably adjusted according to the sealing work required for the design of the wall parts of the element. Flat wedge surfaces are suitable for thin wall sections, steep wedge surfaces for thick wall sections. The most suitable value for reciprocating movement is between 5 and 50 mm. and the frequency of movement is preferably about 1 to 10 beats per second.

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment consisting in part of a shaped body arranged at the end of the screw conveyor 2 shown, which is assembled from a sealing part 3 and threaded parts 4, 5. The sealing part 3 and the threaded part 5 are connected to each other by an elastic hose 20 surrounding the threaded part 4. the distance between the sealing part 3 and the threaded part 5 is then so large that the threaded part 4 can move back and forth in the axial direction in order to perform the sealing operation. The screw conveyor 2, the sealing part 3 and the threaded part 5 are fixedly mounted in the axial direction. Kiernaosassa 4 has the lateral surface formed by the two conical taper so that the sealing space 10 of the contraction and laajenminen is provided kiernaosan 4 retracting means 6 in accordance with kiernaosan four upper half is moved Jolion pattern in the direction of the arrow (right in the drawing) and has created in accordance with the compression space 10 contraction, and wherein Figure 6 kiernaosan The lower half 4 is moved in the direction of the arrow (to the left in the figure) and leave

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9 65350 causes the sealing space 10 to expand. The threaded part 4 slides along the inner surface of the hose 20 as the described axial movements take place. The function of the hose 20 is then to seal the spaces between the core part 4, the sealing part 3 and the core part 5 against the penetration of concrete. In order to support the hose 20 against the pressure of the concrete, the spaces between the threaded part 4, the sealing part 3 and the threaded part 5 can be filled with pressure fluid. At the jacket surface of the threaded part 4, there is a hose 20 slidably against the threaded part 4.

The hollow core slab manufacturing device according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 is used for the production of three-hole hollow core slabs, while Fig. 7 shows the use of the method according to the invention for massive supports such as I-profile roof girders. machining.

According to Figure 7, three I-profile beams are manufactured simultaneously side by side. To form the side walls of the beams, profiled side plates 11 and threads 5 'between the side plates 11 are used, respectively, whereby the lower surface of the beam is formed by means of a mold base 18 and the upper surface by means of a tension plate 14. In this case, similarly to the production of hollow core slabs, wedge-shaped recesses are provided in the side plates 11 and the turns 5 ', which together with at least the intermittent movement of the turns 5' cause compaction of the concrete fed between the side plates 11 and the turns 5 '.

According to Fig. 8, two supports or beams are manufactured in the same way as the beams according to Fig. 7. The side plates 11 and the thread 5 'are arranged according to the cross-sectional shape of the supports or beams, while the mold base 18 and the tension plate 14 in the same way as in Fig. 7 correspond to the lower and upper surfaces of the supports or beams.

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In the application examples according to Figures 7 and 8, the concrete can also be fed by screw conveyors, the mouth openings of which can be on the upper surface of the cavities of the beams or supports.

The machine according to the invention for the production of hollow core slabs, supports, supports or beams and the like also for solid elements is intended in particular for the processing of concrete, but it can also be used for concrete-like structural materials and for structural materials which require compaction. Particularly advantageously, the machine according to the invention can be used to process low-moisture concrete, the compaction of which in a mold generally causes great difficulties. By compacting the concrete at the shaping point of the manufacturing process, the machine according to the invention can also be used to manufacture components with a complex cross-sectional shape as homogeneous and high-strength and difficult to manufacture with sufficiently high quality by conventional methods. In addition, the need for a binder such as cement is clearly reduced.

In particular, in the production of hollow core slabs, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow spaces can be modified in the desired manner with the machine according to the invention in accordance with the given requirements or norms and material-saving efforts. In this way, in particular due to the higher strength achieved by the concrete, material can be clearly saved, which also applies to solid parts.

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Claims (11)

1. A sliding casting machine movable relative to a casting base for the manufacture of concrete elements and, in particular, heel elements, comprising an at least one screw conveyor (2) for obtaining pressure in the concrete intended for casting and at least one of the screw conveyors (5). 5, 5 ') for obtaining a desired heel profile, characterized by at least two relative to each other in the casting direction and liters of movable adjacent wedge and / or cone devices (4), of which at least one Sr is provided in connection to the mandrel (5, 5 ') and whereby the compression space (10) located between them, due to the reciprocating movement, is constantly changing, causing a compressive grinding movement of the concrete contained therein. 2. A sliding casting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each wedge and / or cone device (4) adjoins its cross-section Sr Stminstone approximately v-shaped. Sliding molding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wedge and / or cone device is constituted by a tapered part (4) located between the screw conveyor (2) and the mandrel (5). 7, 9) for effecting the reciprocating movement. 4. A sliding casting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that each screw conveyor (2), the associated mandrel (5) and the tapered part (4) located therebetween are arranged to carry out the reciprocating movement as a whole. i4 ^ 5 350 5. A sliding casting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner surface of the mold side plates (11) is provided with recesses which function similarly to so-called chill surface devices. Sliding molding machine according to claim 3, with at least two screw conveyors (2) with associated mandrels (5), characterized in that the reciprocating movement of the tapered (4) reciprocating movement is arranged in the opposite phase. 7. Sliding molding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that each tapered part (4) is arranged to perform its reciprocating movement in a reciprocal manner to the sliding molding machine between the axially movable screw conveyor (2) and the mandrel (5) ( Figure 6). Sliding molding machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the tapered part (4) is connected axially through the screw conveyor (2) for driving the reciprocating movement and arranged to move within a flexible hose part (20) which joins screw conveyor (2) and mandrel (5) with each other (Figure 6). 9. A sliding casting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one wedge and / or cone surface device is of an explosive type. 10. A sliding casting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude of the reciprocating motion is 5 ... 50 mm and frequency 1 ... 10 Hz. 11. Sliding molding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the direction of feeding, the first surface strengthens at a steeper angle relative to the casting direction than the second surface (4) adjoining thereto. li