RU2293650C1 - Method of manufacture of the building structures and the building structure manufactured by this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building industry; methods of manufacture of the building structures.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of building industry, in particular, to the methods of manufacture of the building structures, in particular, to manufacture of the hollow building boards with utilization of the extruder. The technical result of the invention consists in provision of the higher quality of the molded reinforced concrete products, enhancement of the concrete density and strength in the hardware product due to the concrete improved plasticity and the reduced frictional properties of the fed concrete mixture directly on the boundaries of the concrete mixture and the contacting with it working surfaces of the hollow forming tools and the spiral vane of the extruder screw. The method of manufactures of the construction structures - mainly the hollow building boards by extrusion on the manufacturing line, which includes the formwork with the underpan and the extruder with the hopper for the solidifying material and the working tool. The method provides for mounting of the reinforcement on the underpan of the formwork, the loading of the solidifying material in the hopper and the material feeding on the underpan of the formwork with densification and molding. At that for the densification and molding of the solidifying material use the working tool of the extruder, which one consists, at least, of one working component including the body and the mounted coaxially to the guiding rod - the hollow forming tool, the hollow vane feed screw and the external and internal spindle shafts. One of the spindle shafts is rotated and the axial vibration is transmitted to the second spindle shaft. At that the rotated spindle shaft transmits the rotation to the other spindle shaft through the fitting ensuring at that the free motion of the spindle shafts with respect to each other in the axial direction. The spindle shaft, to which the axial vibration and rotation are transmitted, is rigidly mounted with the feed screw, the free end of which is pivotally connected to the hollow forming tool fixed on the rod with the capability only of the axial vibrations. The building structures are manufactured are manufactured by the above described method.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the higher quality of the molded reinforced concrete products, the enhancement of the concrete density and strength in the hardware product due to the concrete improved plasticity and the reduced frictional properties of the fed concrete mixture directly onto the boundaries of the concrete mixture and the contacting with it working surfaces of the hollow forming tools and the spiral vane of the extruder screw.

15 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of manufacturing building structures, mainly hollow core slabs, using an extruder.

The prior art building structures and a method of manufacturing building structures, mainly hollow core slabs, by extrusion on a production line including formwork with a pallet and an extruder with a hopper for hardening material and a working body (see EP 0152166 A1, 08.21.1985, B 28 V 7 /thirty).

The prior art building structures and a method of manufacturing these building structures, mainly hollow core slabs, by extrusion on a production line containing at least an extruder with a hopper for hardening material and a formwork in the form of a pallet (see RU 2013205 C1, 08.23.1985, B 28 B 5/02).

The disadvantages of the known methods and, accordingly, the designs is the reduced quality of the extrusion of concrete into the product and the low productivity of concrete supply per unit power of the extruder with insufficient density and strength of concrete in the fabricated structure due to irrational for the extrusion system of concrete supply and laying, in which there is no longitudinal axial vibration processing of concrete at the exit from the extruder.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the productivity of the method and the quality of manufactured products.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of manufacturing building structures, mainly hollow core slabs, by extrusion on a production line including formwork with a pallet and an extruder with a hopper for hardening material and a working body, according to the invention, the method involves installing fittings on a formwork pallet, loading hardening material into the hopper and feeding it to the formwork pallet with compaction and molding, moreover, an extruder is used for compaction and molding of hardening material An era consisting of at least one working element comprising a housing, a core former, hollow blade auger, external and internal spindles installed coaxially with the guide rod, one of the spindles being rotated and axial vibration transmitted to the second spindle, while the rotatable spindle transmits rotation on the other by means of a device, while ensuring the free movement of the spindles relative to each other in the axial direction, the spindle to which the axial vibration is transmitted, as well as rotation, It is tightly connected to the screw, and the screw with its free end is pivotally connected to the hollow core, mounted on the rod with the possibility of only axial vibrations.

During the extrusion of the hardening material, the extruder can be moved above the formwork due to repulsion from the compacted hardening material.

They can rotate the external spindle, and transmit the vibration to the internal one, and transfer the rotation from the external spindle to the internal one by means of a device, for example, in the form of a tooth on one spindle entering the axially elongated groove of another spindle, or by means of a key mounted in the axially elongated direction spindles grooves.

The auger can be rigidly attached to the inner spindle.

They can rotate the internal spindle, and transmit vibration to the external, moreover, the rotation is transmitted from the internal spindle to the external one by means of a device, for example, in the form of a tooth on one spindle entering the axially elongated groove of another spindle, or by means of a key mounted in the axially elongated grooves spindles.

In this case, it is preferable that the screw is rigidly attached to the external spindle.

As hardening material can use heavy concrete.

Pre-stressed building structures can be manufactured on the production line, for which the reinforcement is stressed before the hardening material is extruded.

They can use a hollow core with a thickness less than the thickness of the molded building structure.

On the production line, building structures can be made in the form of hollow slabs with mainly round or oval hollow cross sections, for which a hollow or round oval hollow core is used.

On the production line, building constructions can be made in the form of hollow slabs with voids in the cross section in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners, for which a hollow former having a cross section in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners is used.

They can use a pore former with a thickness not less than the thickness of the molded building structure.

On the production line can produce extended building structures, such as I-beams.

Can use the working body of the extruder, consisting of at least two working elements, and the blade of the screw of each adjacent working element has the opposite direction of rotation.

The above-described method makes a building structure, which is the second independent object of the invention.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to provide higher quality molded reinforced concrete products, increasing the density and strength of concrete in the product by also increasing ductility and reducing frictional properties of the supplied concrete mixture directly at the interfaces of the concrete mixture and the working surfaces of the hollow formers and spiral contacting with it extruder screw blades.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows an extruder, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a fragment of the working body of the extruder, a side view with a partial cutaway;

figure 3 is a fragment of the working body, top view;

figure 4 is a cross section of an extruder in the area of a chain transmission;

figure 5 is a working element, a side view with a partial section;

figure 6 - node a in figure 5;

Fig.7 is an extruder made in a different way - the second option, a view in a perspective view;

on Fig is a fragment of the working body of the extruder according to the second embodiment, a side view with a partial cutaway;

in Fig.9 - extended building structures manufactured on the production line - I-beams, cross section;

figure 10 - is made on the production line of extended building structures - beams, cross section;

in Fig.11-16 - fragments made on the technological line of building structures in the form of hollow slabs with different voids in cross section.

A method of manufacturing building structures 1 by extrusion on a production line (not shown in the drawings), including formwork (not shown) with a pallet (not shown) and an extruder 2, including a hopper 4 mounted on a supporting frame 3 for hardening material, such as heavy concrete, and a worker body 5, consisting of one working element 6, comprising a housing 7, mounted coaxially to the guide rod 8, hollow core 9, hollow blade auger 10, external and internal spindles 11 and 12, respectively. The method involves installation reinforcement (not shown) on a pallet (not shown) of formwork (not shown), loading of hardening material into the hopper 4 and feeding it onto a pallet (not shown) of formwork with sealing and molding. For compaction and molding of the hardening material, the working body 5 of the extruder 2 is used, consisting of at least one working element 7, comprising a housing 8, a hollow core 9 installed hollow to the guide rod 8, a hollow blade screw 10, an external 11 and an internal spindle 12. One from spindles, for example, external 11, rotate, and on the second, internal, spindle 12 transmit axial vibration. In this case, the rotatable external spindle 11 transmits the rotation to the internal spindle 12 by means of a device ensuring the free movement of the spindles in the axial direction, for example, by means of a key 13 installed in the axially elongated grooves 14 of the spindles 11 and 12.

The internal spindle 12, to which the axial vibration and the rotation are transmitted, is rigidly connected to the blade screw 10, and the screw 10 is pivotally connected to the hollow core 9 with the free end 9, fixed on the shaft 8 with the possibility of only axial vibrations.

Or use an extruder in which the inner spindle 12 is rotated, and on the second - the external spindle 11 transmit axial vibration. In this case, the rotatable inner spindle 12 transmits rotation to the external spindle 11 by means of a device providing free movement of the spindles in the axial direction, for example, or by means of a key 13 installed in the axially elongated grooves 14 of the spindles 11 and 12.

The external spindle 11, to which axial vibration, as well as rotation, is transmitted, is rigidly connected to the blade screw 10, and the screw 10 is pivotally connected to the hollow core 9 with a free end 9, mounted on the shaft 8 with the possibility of only axial vibrations.

Use the working body 5 of the extruder 2, consisting of six working elements 6, and the blade of the screw 10 of each adjacent working element 6 has the opposite direction of rotation.

During the extrusion of the hardening material, the extruder moves over the formwork due to repulsion from the compacted hardening material.

Pre-stressed building structures 1 are made on the production line, for which the reinforcement is tensioned before extrusion of the hardening material.

Can use a hollow core 9 with a thickness less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1.

On the production line, building structures 1 are made in the form of hollow slabs 15 with mainly round 16 or oval 17 cross-sectional voids, for which a round or oval hollow former 9 is used in cross section.

Or, on a production line (not shown in the drawings), building structures are made in the form of hollow plates 15 with voids in a cross section in the form of a rectangle 18, a triangle 19 or a star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings), for which a hollow core with a cross section is used in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings).

Or they can use a pore former with a thickness not less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1.

On the production line, extensive building structures are made, for example, beams 20, including I-beams 21.

The extruder in the implementation of the method works, for example, as follows.

From the engine through the device for rotating the external spindle, made in the form of an asterisk for chain transmission, rotation is transmitted to the external spindle.

A hydraulic system, including a hydraulic station (not shown in the drawings), through a distributor by means of a rotor rotation (not shown in the drawings) applies hydraulic fluid pressure to the piston rod and produces axial vibration transmitted to the internal spindle.

The rotation of the rotor (not shown in the drawings) of the hydraulic distributor (not shown in the drawings) is carried out by means of a belt drive from the engine to a pulley secured for rotational movement (not shown in the drawings).

Rotation is transmitted from the external spindle to the internal by means of the device. The device is made in the form of a tooth (not shown in the drawings) on one spindle, which is included in the axially elongated groove of the other spindle, and allows the spindles to move freely relative to each other in the axial direction.

The internal spindle is connected to the auger, and the auger is pivotally connected to a core former, which has a degree of freedom relative to the housing of the working element in the direction of its axis.

The rotation and axial vibration of the internal spindle is transmitted to the blade screw, and the void generator performs axial vibrations on the rod, which has a square cross section at the attachment point of the void forming element, which allows axial movements transmitted to the void generator from the screw and preventing the rotation of the void forming agent.

Concrete from the hopper is fed to the auger and compacted by a working body. During the extrusion of the hardening material, the extruder moves over the formwork due to repulsion from the compacted hardening material.

Thus, on the technological line, building structures 1 are made, for example hollow core slabs, with the formation of the required number of voids of the required shape in the finished product, as well as extended building structures, for example beams 20, including I-beams 21.

Can use a hollow core 9 with a thickness less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1.

On the production line, building structures 1 are made in the form of hollow slabs 15 with mainly round 16 or oval 17 cross-sectional voids, for which a round or oval hollow former 9 is used in cross section.

Or, on a production line (not shown in the drawings), building structures are made in the form of hollow plates 15 with voids in a cross section in the form of a rectangle 18, a triangle 19 or a star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings), for which a hollow core with a cross section is used in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings).

Or they can use a hollow core with a thickness not less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1, and then extended building structures, for example beams 20, including I-beams 21, are made on the technological line.

Also, when implementing the method, the extruder can work as follows. From the engine mounted on the extruder, rotation is transmitted to it through the device for rotating the internal spindle.

The external spindle, by means of a device transmitting rotation from the internal to the external, is also set in motion, this ensures their free movement relative to each other in the axial direction, and with the help of a device for transmitting axial vibration to the external spindle, it also gives reciprocating motion.

An external spindle transmits rotation and axial vibration to the auger, and the auger is pivotally connected to a hollow core, which has a degree of freedom relative to the housing of the working element in the direction of its axis and produces reciprocating movements.

Concrete from the hopper is fed to the screw and compacted by the working body with the formation of the required number of voids in the finished product.

Concrete from the hopper is fed to the auger and compacted by a working body. During the extrusion of the hardening material, the extruder moves over the formwork due to repulsion from the compacted hardening material.

Thus, on the technological line, building structures 1 are made, for example hollow core slabs, with the formation of the required number of voids of the required shape in the finished product, as well as extended building structures, for example beams 20, including I-beams 21.

Can use a hollow core 9 with a thickness less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1.

On the production line, building structures 1 are made in the form of hollow slabs 15 with mainly round 16 or oval 17 cross-sectional voids, for which a round or oval hollow former 9 is used in cross section.

Or, on a production line (not shown in the drawings), building structures are made in the form of hollow plates 15 with voids in a cross section in the form of a rectangle 18, a triangle 19 or a star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings), for which a hollow core with a cross section is used in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners (not shown in the drawings).

Or they can use a hollow core with a thickness not less than the thickness of the molded building structure 1, and then extended building structures, for example beams 20, including I-beams 21, are made on the technological line.

By making building structures in the described way, a high quality of molded reinforced concrete products is achieved, increasing the density and strength of concrete in the product by also increasing ductility and reducing the frictional properties of the supplied concrete mixture directly at the interfaces of the concrete mixture and the working surfaces of the void formers and the spiral blade of the screw of the extruder in contact with it.

Claims (15)

1. A method of manufacturing building structures, mainly hollow core slabs, by extrusion on a production line including formwork with a pallet and an extruder with a hopper for hardening material and a working body, characterized in that it provides for the installation of fittings on the formwork pallet, loading of hardening material into the hopper and feeding it on the formwork pallet with compaction and molding, moreover, for the compaction and molding of hardening material using the working body of the extruder, consisting of at least one working of its element containing the housing, the hollow core-forming element aligned with the guide rod, the hollow blade screw, the external and internal spindles, one of the spindles being rotated, and axial vibration transmitted to the second spindle, while the rotatable spindle transmits rotation to the other by means of a device that provides free axial movement of the spindles relative to each other, the spindle to which the axial vibration is transmitted, as well as rotation, is rigidly connected to the screw, and the screw is free end m pivotally connected to the core, mounted on the rod with the possibility of only axial vibrations. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the extrusion of the hardening material, the extruder moves over the formwork due to repulsion from the compacted hardening material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the external spindle is rotated, and vibration is transmitted to the internal, and rotation is transmitted from the external spindle to the internal by means of a device, for example, in the form of a tooth on one spindle, entering an axially elongated groove of another spindle , or by means of a key mounted in axially elongated grooves of the spindles. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the screw is rigidly attached to the inner spindle. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal spindle is rotated, and vibration is transmitted to the external, and rotation is transmitted from the external spindle to the external by means of a device, for example, in the form of a tooth on one spindle, entering an axially elongated groove of another spindle , or by means of a key mounted in axially elongated grooves of the spindles. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the screw is rigidly attached to the external spindle. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the hardening material using heavy concrete. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that pre-stressed building structures are made on the production line, for which the reinforcement is tensioned before the hardening material is extruded. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use a core former with a thickness less than the thickness of the molded building structure. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that on the technological line building structures are made in the form of hollow slabs with mainly round or oval hollow cross sections, for which a hollow former is used round or oval in cross section. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that on the production line building structures are made in the form of hollow slabs with voids in cross section in the form of a rectangle, triangle or star with rounded corners, for which a hollow former having a cross section in the form of a rectangle is used, triangle or stars with rounded corners. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use a pore former with a thickness not less than the thickness of the molded building structure. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that on the production line produce extended building structures, for example, I-beams. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that use the working body of the extruder, consisting of at least two working elements, and the blade of the screw of each adjacent working element has the opposite direction of rotation. 15. A building structure, characterized in that it is made by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

Images