FI82426B - STOED VID EN LASTLUCKA FOER ETT FARTYG. - Google Patents

Description

82426

SHIP'S LOAD BRACKET - STÖD VID EN LASTLUCKA FÖR ETT FARTYG

The present invention relates to a ship's hatch bracket located between the edge of the loading port and the cargo hatch attached to either of the forces to transfer forces from the ship's hatch to the ship's hull, which moves relative to each other at sea with a slider mounted on the carrier for this movement.

Steel cargo hatches made of steel are plate-like structures with a very high rigidity against horizontal deformations. On the other hand, to facilitate loading work, the loading openings in the deck of modern vessels are so large with respect to the surface area of the deck that the stiffness of the remaining deck against horizontal deformations is small. As a result, when the loading opening in the deck of the ship is closed watertight during the voyage, for example with a steel hatch, there is a relative movement between the hatch and the hull of the ship, i.e. sliding when the ship is in rough seas.

The above-mentioned relative movement causes a variety of problems which become substantially more difficult when deck cargo, such as containers, is loaded on top of cargo hatches, as is regularly the case with existing vessels. The weight of the deck cargo on one hatch can be several hundred tons. The dynamic forces at sea caused by such deck cargo are so great that special structures, referred to herein as supports, are required to transfer them from the cargo hatch to the hull of the ship. The forces are both vertical and longitudinal and transverse to the vessel.

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To allow relative movements between the hatch and the hull, some of the support is designed so that they do not receive horizontal forces but allow sliding between the hatch and the hull. Because the vertical forces acting on the supports are very large, a large frictional force is generated during sliding, which causes strong abrasive wear on the sliding surfaces. To reduce wear, the shipbuilding industry has worked to find combinations of materials that can withstand high surface pressures and with the lowest possible coefficient of friction between them. The most promising results as a pair of steel are achieved with some plastics.

Due to the magnitude of the load, the sliding surfaces have to be made quite large. High loads also cause deflection in the steel structure of the hatch. The shape of the deflection line is such that the change in angle near the ends of the beams is greater than in the central region. This also tilts the brackets attached to the steel structure. This results in the concentration of the load on the edge areas of the sliding surfaces. This is a major problem for plastics with good sliding properties because they cannot withstand the local high pressure, resulting in damage to the sliding surface.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a ship's cargo hatch support which does not have the problems described above. The girder according to the invention is characterized in that the slider of the girder is self-positioning in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the vessel, at least with its sliding surface parallel to its mating surface also when the cargo hatch bends.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the self-positioning of the support piece 1 of the support is provided by a deformable medium arranged between the sliding surface of the slider and the body of the support.

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Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the deformable medium consists of an image element which substantially completely fills the space between the slider and the support body.

The invention provides a significant advantage over known supports. The self-positioning slider is constantly evenly against the abutment surface, so that premature and uneven wear of the sliding surface does not occur.

In the following, the invention will be explained in detail by means of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Fig. 1 schematically shows a side view of a container pallet.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of one cargo hatch.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of the vessel according to Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a support according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 shows a support according to another embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a container vessel with several hatches 7 covering cargo openings. Containers 8 are loaded on them. Figure 2 shows a top view of the structure of one cargo hatch. Accordingly, each cargo hatch 7, which extends substantially over the entire width of the ship, consists of three blocks 7a, 7b, 7c. Of these, the middle block 7b is supported only at its ends and thus behaves most clearly as a bending beam under load. The deflection is illustrated in Fig. 1 by the broken line A. In Fig. 2, reference numerals 4 82426 are schematically indicated by brackets 9 placed at the corners of each block, and thus 12 are required for one cargo hatch 7. Of course, more supports can be arranged if necessary. The cross-section of Figure 3 shows the location of the cargo hatch 7 on the cargo hold 10.

Figure 4 shows the structure and location of a preferred embodiment of the support. The slider 1 is placed with a sliding rigidity on the guide 2 surrounding it on all four sides. The slider 1 is held in place, for example, by a screw 3, which makes it possible to replace the 1 slider if necessary. The slider is preferably formed of a steel body of suitable thickness, to the lower surface of which a sliding surface 11 is attached or the slider 1 is made entirely of a lubricant. The material of the sliding surface 11 or possibly the entire sliding body is, for example, plastic or another material whose coefficient of friction against the steel surface is as small as possible. Between the base 4 of the guide, which in this embodiment is formed by the cargo hatch 7, and the slider 1, a rubber piece 5 is placed, which is the same length and width as the slider. That is, the rubber supports the slider throughout its upper surface and substantially completely fills the space between the slider and the base 4.

When the ship's hatch 7 is set to close the cargo opening in the deck 12, the sliders rest on the steel counterparts 6 mounted on the edge of the opening. The upper surface of the mating pieces is most preferably made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion. The weight of the hatch 7 and the deck cargo to be placed on it is transferred to the hull of the vessel through the mating pieces 6. When loaded, the rubber body 5 behaves like a liquid, i.e. it is almost incompressible and changes its shape so that the pressure equalizes. This means that the rubber comes into such a shape that the slider 1 settles when the rasp structure of the door tes 82426 is bent under load under the counterpiece 6 and no edge compression is generated or substantially reduced.

The edge of the cargo hatch 7 further has a seal 14 which, when the hatch is in place, is mounted against a mating piece 15, which mating piece may have a surface layer 16 of stainless material. scaling devices, however, not shown in the figures. Their purpose is to tighten the cargo hatch against the hull of the ship.

Figure 4 shows in broken lines the manner in which the cargo hatch in the sea moves (slides) relative to the deck of the ship.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a support according to the invention. The difference with the previous embodiment is that the frame of the support, in particular the guides 2, is attached to the deck structure 12 of the vessel. Thus, in this embodiment the parts are opposite to the above. Now the slider is below and its mating piece 6 is mounted on the cargo hatch 7 by means of screws 17. However, the principle of operation of the support is similar to that explained above

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, but can be varied within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, the self-positioning of the slider of the support can be thought of as being achieved in a way other than by a rubber piece. In principle, any deformable medium, such as water or another liquid, can replace the rubber body. Self-alignment can also be achieved with a pivot bearing between the bracket body and the slider. However, this is a rather expensive solution.

Claims (6)

6 82426 A carrier for a ship's hatch (7) located between the edge of the loading opening (13) and the cargo hatch (7) attached to one of the two to transfer forces from the ship's cargo hatch to the hull, the deck hatch and the hull moving relative to each other at sea. for this movement the slider has a slider (1) mounted on the support frame (2, 4), characterized in that the support slider (1) is self-positioning in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vessel, at least parallel to its sliding surface when the cargo hatch (7) bends. Support according to Claim 1, characterized in that the self-positioning of the support piece 1 (1) of the support is provided by a deformable medium (5) arranged between the sliding surface of the slide member (1) and the support body (4). Support according to Claim 2, characterized in that the deformable medium consists of a rubber element (5) which substantially completely fills the space between the slider (1) and the support body (4). Support according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the self-positioning sliding surface of the slider (1) consists of a material with a low coefficient of friction when cooperating with a steel surface (6) acting as a mating surface. Support according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sliding surface mating piece (6) in the hull of the ship is coated with stainless steel. 7 82426 Bracket according to Claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse self-positioning of the support slider (1) of the support is achieved by fastening the slider with articulated bearings to the support frame (4). 8 82426