FI65218C - Foerfarande foer att tillvarataga cr2o3 ur en kromhaltig loesning - Google Patents
Foerfarande foer att tillvarataga cr2o3 ur en kromhaltig loesning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI65218C FI65218C FI783740A FI783740A FI65218C FI 65218 C FI65218 C FI 65218C FI 783740 A FI783740 A FI 783740A FI 783740 A FI783740 A FI 783740A FI 65218 C FI65218 C FI 65218C
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- solution
- extraction
- ore
- cao
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 37
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)C CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical group O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FEIXNIOTSKFSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium Chemical class N.N.O[Cr](O)(=O)=O FEIXNIOTSKFSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFSKIUZTIHBWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cr] QFSKIUZTIHBWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/34—Compounds of chromium
- C09C1/346—Chromium oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/02—Oxides or hydrates thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/14—Chromates; Bichromates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)
Claims (7)
1. Förfarande för att tillvarata Cr2C>3 med hög renhetsgrad frän krommalm, varvid det i form av Na2Cr2C>7 eller Na2CrC>4 bringade kromet extraheras ur en sur vattenlösning med en organisk förening, avdrivs ur den organiska fasen med NH4OH, och glödgas, kanne-t e c k n a t därav, att vattenlösningen av kromat framställs genom att man a) rostar i en oxiderande gasatmosfär en blandning av krommalm med Na2CC>3 och CaO vid en temperatur inom omrädet ca 600...1100 °C under ca 0,5...6 timmar, varvid mängden Na2C(>3 Mr sädan, att man fär ca 1,4...4,2 kg Na2C03/kg Cr203 i malmen, och mängden CaO är sldan att man fär ca 0,6...1 kg CaO/kg 0^03 i malmen, b) lakar i vatten det rostade materialet frän steg a) vid en temperatur mellan ca 5 °C och vattnets kokpunkt under ca 5 minuter till 5 timmar och c) tillsätter syra tili lakningsvätskan frän steg b) för att ästadkomma ett pH-värde om ca 3...9,5, för att fälla ut aluminium-föroreningar och separerar dessa föroreningar frän lakningsvätskan.
2. Förfarande enligt patentkravet 1, kännetecknat därav, att rostningstemperaturen i steg a) är ca 950 °C och rost-ningstiden är ca 2 timmar.
3. Förfarande enligt patentkravet 1, kännetecknat därav, att man utnyttjar ett aggregat om ca 1,9 kg Na2Co3 och 0,6 kg CaO/kg Cr203 i malmen.
4. Förfarande enligt patentkravet 1, kännetecknat därav, att man i steg c) använder ett pH-värde om ca 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US85751177A | 1977-12-05 | 1977-12-05 | |
| US85751177 | 1977-12-05 | ||
| US96380578 | 1978-11-30 | ||
| US05/963,805 US4230677A (en) | 1978-11-30 | 1978-11-30 | Recovery of Cr2 O3 from a chromium bearing solution |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI783740A FI783740A (fi) | 1979-06-06 |
| FI65218B FI65218B (fi) | 1983-12-30 |
| FI65218C true FI65218C (fi) | 1984-04-10 |
Family
ID=27127410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI783740A FI65218C (fi) | 1977-12-05 | 1978-12-05 | Foerfarande foer att tillvarataga cr2o3 ur en kromhaltig loesning |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5496000A (sv) |
| BR (1) | BR7807952A (sv) |
| CA (1) | CA1119383A (sv) |
| DE (1) | DE2852198A1 (sv) |
| ES (2) | ES475703A1 (sv) |
| FI (1) | FI65218C (sv) |
| FR (1) | FR2410628A1 (sv) |
| GB (1) | GB2009132B (sv) |
| IT (1) | IT7852184A0 (sv) |
| NO (1) | NO784065L (sv) |
| SE (1) | SE7812449L (sv) |
| TR (1) | TR20672A (sv) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4310609A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1982-01-12 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Metal oxide composite cathode material for high energy density batteries |
| RU2012131057A (ru) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-01-27 | ЛЕНКСЕСС Дойчланд ГмбХ | Способ получения оксида хрома (iii) |
| CN102811952B (zh) | 2010-03-23 | 2014-12-10 | 朗盛德国有限责任公司 | 用于制备氧化铬(iii)的方法 |
| EP2565162A1 (de) | 2011-09-05 | 2013-03-06 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chrom(III)-oxid |
| AR084183A1 (es) | 2010-12-08 | 2013-04-24 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Procedimiento para la produccion de oxido de cromo (iii) |
-
1978
- 1978-12-02 DE DE19782852198 patent/DE2852198A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1978-12-04 JP JP14990478A patent/JPS5496000A/ja active Granted
- 1978-12-04 NO NO784065A patent/NO784065L/no unknown
- 1978-12-04 FR FR7834126A patent/FR2410628A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-12-04 GB GB7847010A patent/GB2009132B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-04 BR BR7807952A patent/BR7807952A/pt unknown
- 1978-12-04 ES ES475703A patent/ES475703A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-12-04 SE SE7812449A patent/SE7812449L/sv unknown
- 1978-12-04 IT IT7852184A patent/IT7852184A0/it unknown
- 1978-12-05 CA CA000317412A patent/CA1119383A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-05 FI FI783740A patent/FI65218C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-12-05 TR TR20672A patent/TR20672A/xx unknown
-
1979
- 1979-02-01 ES ES477395A patent/ES477395A1/es not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5496000A (en) | 1979-07-28 |
| SE7812449L (sv) | 1979-06-06 |
| BR7807952A (pt) | 1979-07-31 |
| FI65218B (fi) | 1983-12-30 |
| GB2009132B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| IT7852184A0 (it) | 1978-12-04 |
| JPS5755656B2 (sv) | 1982-11-25 |
| NO784065L (no) | 1979-06-06 |
| ES477395A1 (es) | 1979-10-16 |
| DE2852198A1 (de) | 1979-06-07 |
| CA1119383A (en) | 1982-03-09 |
| GB2009132A (en) | 1979-06-13 |
| ES475703A1 (es) | 1981-09-01 |
| TR20672A (tr) | 1982-04-21 |
| FR2410628A1 (fr) | 1979-06-29 |
| FI783740A (fi) | 1979-06-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORP |