ES8308576A1 - Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degradacion por radiacion ultravioleta. - Google Patents

Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degradacion por radiacion ultravioleta.

Info

Publication number
ES8308576A1
ES8308576A1 ES514080A ES514080A ES8308576A1 ES 8308576 A1 ES8308576 A1 ES 8308576A1 ES 514080 A ES514080 A ES 514080A ES 514080 A ES514080 A ES 514080A ES 8308576 A1 ES8308576 A1 ES 8308576A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
polymers
light stabilizers
novel light
oligomers
useful
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
ES514080A
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Other versions
ES514080A0 (es
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wyeth Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
American Cyanamid Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Cyanamid Co filed Critical American Cyanamid Co
Publication of ES514080A0 publication Critical patent/ES514080A0/es
Publication of ES8308576A1 publication Critical patent/ES8308576A1/es
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
ES514080A 1981-07-20 1982-07-16 Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degradacion por radiacion ultravioleta. Expired ES8308576A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/284,882 US4331586A (en) 1981-07-20 1981-07-20 Novel light stabilizers for polymers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES514080A0 ES514080A0 (es) 1983-10-01
ES8308576A1 true ES8308576A1 (es) 1983-10-01

Family

ID=23091873

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES514080A Expired ES8308576A1 (es) 1981-07-20 1982-07-16 Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degradacion por radiacion ultravioleta.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4331586A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0070358B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5818378A (enExample)
AT (1) ATE25085T1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE3275187D1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES8308576A1 (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA825147B (enExample)

Families Citing this family (105)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4436524A (en) 1981-05-16 1984-03-13 Sandoz Ltd. After treating composition for direct or reactive dyeings on cellulose
US4461861A (en) * 1981-07-20 1984-07-24 American Cyanamid Company Polymer compositions stabilized with triazinyl-piperidine compounds
US4439565A (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-03-27 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Oligomeric esteramides containing pendant hindered amine groups
IT1193659B (it) * 1983-02-04 1988-07-21 Chimosa Chimica Organica Spa Composti piperidinil-triazinici utili come stabilizzanti per polimeri sintetici
EP0214507B1 (en) * 1985-09-10 1992-01-15 American Cyanamid Company Outdoor films stabilized against chemical attack
DE3676400D1 (de) * 1985-09-16 1991-02-07 Ciba Geigy Ag Verzweigte polyester.
US4863981A (en) * 1986-06-30 1989-09-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Synergistic mixture of stabilizers
US4985479A (en) * 1986-11-27 1991-01-15 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd. Stabilized polyolefin composition
IT1215455B (it) * 1987-05-05 1990-02-14 Ciba Geigy Spa Composizione stabilizzante per polietilene comprendente composti contenenti gruppi piperidinici e composti metallici
CS270846B1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-08-14 Vass Frantisek New polyaminotriazines and method of their preparation
US4981964A (en) * 1988-12-15 1991-01-01 Ici Americas Inc. Oligomeric polyesters and polyamides containing dipiperidyl triazine groups
US4889882A (en) * 1988-12-15 1989-12-26 Ici Americas Inc. Tetramethyl piperidyl terminated triazine oligomeric esters and amides
IT1230968B (it) * 1989-07-03 1991-11-08 Mini Ricerca Scient Tecnolog Composizioni polimeriche autoestinguenti.
IT1237129B (it) * 1989-11-10 1993-05-18 Valerio Borzatta Composti piperidin-triazinici atti all'impiego come stabilizzanti per materiali organici.
IT1237541B (it) * 1989-12-28 1993-06-08 Ciba Geigy Composti piperidin-triazinici atti all'impiego come stabilizzanti per materiali organici
US5324834A (en) * 1990-06-13 1994-06-28 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Piperidine-triazine co-oligomers for use as stabilizers for organic materials
JP2903739B2 (ja) * 1990-06-29 1999-06-14 住友化学工業株式会社 Ｎ，ｎ′−ビス（２，２，６，６−テトラメチル−４−ピペリジル）アルカンジアミンの製造法
IT1246170B (it) * 1990-07-24 1994-11-16 Ciba Geigy Spa Composizione stabilizzante per polipropilene comprendente composti triazinici contenenti gruppi piperidinici e composti metallici
IT1243374B (it) * 1990-07-27 1994-06-10 Ciba Geigy Spa Composti piperidin-triazinici contenenti gruppi tetraidrofuranici o tetraidropiranici atti all'impiego come stabilizzanti per materiali organici
US5256787A (en) * 1990-09-03 1993-10-26 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Tri-piperdine compounds as stabilizers for organic materials
IT1243433B (it) * 1990-10-03 1994-06-10 Ciba Geigy Spa Composti piperidin-triazinici atti all'impiego come stabilizzanti per materiali organici
US5232965A (en) * 1991-03-22 1993-08-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stabilized polyacetal compositions
US5149723A (en) * 1991-03-22 1992-09-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stabilized polyacetal compositions containing a mixture of hals having tertiary functionality
JPH05156094A (ja) * 1991-12-11 1993-06-22 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd 安定化ポリオレフィン組成物
IT1263892B (it) * 1993-02-11 1996-09-05 Graziano Vignali Composti piperidin-triazinici atti all'impiego come stabilizzanti per materiali organici
EP0736064A1 (en) * 1993-12-02 1996-10-09 Bayer Antwerpen N.V. Stabilizer system for non yellowing polymer composition
US5624982A (en) * 1993-12-02 1997-04-29 Bayer Antwerpen Sa/Nv Stabilizer system for non yellowing polymer composition
TW302377B (enExample) 1993-12-24 1997-04-11 Sumitomo Chemical Co
EP0709426B2 (de) 1994-10-28 2005-01-05 Ciba SC Holding AG Synergistisches Stabilisatorgemisch
DE59508533D1 (de) * 1994-10-28 2000-08-10 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Synergistisches Stabilisatorgemisch
TW401437B (en) 1995-02-10 2000-08-11 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Synergistic stabilizer mixture
TW358820B (en) * 1995-04-11 1999-05-21 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Synergistic stabilizer mixture
TW360678B (en) * 1995-05-03 1999-06-11 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Synergistic stabilizer mixture for polyolefins
TW390897B (en) * 1995-07-21 2000-05-21 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Synergistic stabilizer mixture
IT1275584B1 (it) * 1995-07-21 1997-08-06 3V Sigma Spa Composizioni per la stabilizzazione di polimeri sintetici
EP0782994B1 (en) * 1995-12-04 2003-02-05 Ciba SC Holding AG Block oligomers containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl groups as stabilizers for organic materials
US6046304A (en) 1995-12-04 2000-04-04 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Block oligomers containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl groups as stabilizers for organic materials
TW438849B (en) * 1996-04-01 2001-06-07 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Polytriazine derivatives containing polyalkyl-piperidinyloxy or polyalkylpiperidinylamino groups
DE59712257D1 (de) * 1996-07-17 2005-05-12 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Ozonresistente Langzeitstabilisatoren
DE69719004T2 (de) 1996-12-24 2003-07-24 Ciba Speciality Chemicals Holding Inc., Basel Triazinverbindungen die 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidingruppen enthalten als Stabilisatoren für organische Materialen
TW509683B (en) * 1997-05-27 2002-11-11 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Triazine derivatives containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl groups
ES2165792B1 (es) 1997-05-27 2003-10-01 Ciba Sc Holding Ag "oligomeros de bloque conteniendo grupos 1-hidrocarbiloxi-2,2,6,6-tetrametil-4-piperidilo como estabilizadores para materiales organicos"
JP4366669B2 (ja) 1997-05-27 2009-11-18 チバ スペシャルティ ケミカルズ ホールディング インコーポレーテッド 有機材料のための安定剤としての１−ヒドロカルビルオキシ−２，２，６，６−テトラメチル−４−ピペリジル基を含むブロックオリゴマー
TW491872B (en) * 1997-05-27 2002-06-21 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Block oligomers containing l-hydrocarbyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl groups as stabilizers for lower polyolefin
TW428008B (en) 1997-05-27 2001-04-01 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Block oligomers containing 1-hydrocarbyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethy1-4-piperidyl groups as stabilizers for organic materials
TW589341B (en) 1997-05-27 2004-06-01 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Block oligomers containing 1-hydrocarbyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl groups as stabilizers for organic materials
IT1292040B1 (it) * 1997-05-30 1999-01-25 Ciba Spec Chem Spa Processo per la preparazione di prodotti politriazinici contenenti gruppi 2,2,6,6-tetrametil-4-piperidile
BR9813425A (pt) * 1997-12-08 2000-10-10 Cytec Tech Corp Composto, composição estabilizadora compreendendo uma mistura de compostos, processos para estabilizar um material orgânico contra degradação e para preparar uma composição compreendendo uma mistura de compostos
US6051164A (en) 1998-04-30 2000-04-18 Cytec Technology Corp. Methods and compositions for protecting polymers from UV light
EP1089986B1 (en) 1998-06-22 2005-03-30 Ciba SC Holding AG Poly-trisaryl-1,3,5-triazine carbamate ultraviolet light absorbers
IL140446A0 (en) 1998-06-22 2002-02-10 Cytec Tech Corp Red-shifted trisaryl-1,3,5-triazine ultraviolet light absorbers
CA2408651C (en) * 2000-05-31 2012-10-16 Ciba-Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Stabilizer mixtures
US6433088B1 (en) 2000-08-04 2002-08-13 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Clear and printable polypropylene films
US6355733B1 (en) 2000-10-13 2002-03-12 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Polyethylene blends and films
US6747077B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2004-06-08 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Stabilized metallocene polypropylene
US6867250B1 (en) 2000-10-30 2005-03-15 Cytec Technology Corp. Non-yellowing ortho-dialkyl aryl substituted triazine ultraviolet light absorbers
US6492521B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-12-10 Cytec Technology Corp. Hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6545156B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2003-04-08 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6727300B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2004-04-27 Cytec Technology Corp. Polymeric articles containing hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds
US6414155B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-07-02 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6613841B2 (en) 2002-01-28 2003-09-02 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Preparation of machine direction oriented polyethylene films
US20030225191A1 (en) 2002-04-12 2003-12-04 Francois Gugumus Stabilizer mixtures
US6649698B1 (en) 2002-05-17 2003-11-18 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Polyethylene blends
US20030236325A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2003-12-25 Michela Bonora Agricultural articles
CA2483781A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2003-12-11 Michela Bonora Stabilized articles
US7482397B2 (en) * 2003-01-13 2009-01-27 Eastman Chemical Company Polycarbonate compositions
US20040143041A1 (en) * 2003-01-13 2004-07-22 Pearson Jason Clay Polyester compositions
US7297735B2 (en) * 2003-03-05 2007-11-20 Eastman Chemical Company Polycarbonate compositions
KR101158123B1 (ko) * 2003-03-05 2012-06-19 이스트만 케미칼 컴파니 자외선 흡수 화합물을 함유하는 중합체 조성물
ATE390460T1 (de) * 2003-03-05 2008-04-15 Eastman Chem Co Polymerblends
US20040192813A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-30 Pearson Jason Clay Polymer compositions containing an ultraviolet light absorbing compound
US20040183053A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-23 Pearson Jason Clay Process for the preparation of a hindered amine light stabilizer salt
US20040180994A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Pearson Jason Clay Polyolefin compositions
US20050277713A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2005-12-15 Pearson Jason C Polymer blends
US7338992B2 (en) * 2003-03-05 2008-03-04 Eastman Chemical Company Polyolefin compositions
US6903162B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-06-07 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Preparation of polyethylene films
US7175918B2 (en) * 2004-04-27 2007-02-13 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Polyolefin compositions
KR20070116990A (ko) 2005-04-07 2007-12-11 사이텍 테크놀러지 코포레이션 환형 올레핀 공중합체의 광분해를 예방하는 조성물 및 방법
US7608327B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-10-27 Equistar Chemicals, Lp High tear strength film
JP5528332B2 (ja) * 2007-05-31 2014-06-25 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア ４−ホルミルアミノピペリジン誘導体の製造方法
ITMI20080739A1 (it) * 2008-04-23 2009-10-24 3V Sigma Spa Ammine stericamente impedite oligomeriche e loro uso come stabilizzanti per polimeri
ITMI20080747A1 (it) 2008-04-24 2009-10-25 3V Sigma Spa Miscele di ammine stericamente impedite per la stabilizzazione di polimeri
EP2130854B1 (en) * 2008-05-09 2016-10-19 MCA Technologies GMBH Polytriazinyl compounds as flame retardants and light stabilizers
IT1393333B1 (it) * 2009-02-09 2012-04-20 3V Sigma Spa Nuove ammine stericamente impedite e loro uso come stabilizzanti per polimeri
US20120145236A1 (en) 2009-08-18 2012-06-14 Basf Se Uv-stabilized photovoltaic module
US20110045265A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Haley Jeffrey C Polyolefin composition and film thereof
IT1399477B1 (it) 2010-03-15 2013-04-19 3V Sigma Spa Miscele di ammine stericamente impedite per la stabilizzazione di polimeri
US20120010335A1 (en) 2010-07-12 2012-01-12 Basf Se Stabilisierte acrylnitril/styrol/butadien formmassen
CN103080202B (zh) 2010-07-12 2014-09-24 巴斯夫股份公司 老化稳定的丙烯腈共聚物成型组合物
US8637607B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2014-01-28 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Polyethylene blends and films
IT1403086B1 (it) 2010-10-28 2013-10-04 3V Sigma Spa Nuove ammine stericamente impedite polimeriche e loro uso come stabilizzanti per polimeri
ITMI20110802A1 (it) 2011-05-10 2012-11-11 3V Sigma Spa Miscele di ammine stericamente impedite per la stabilizzazione di polimeri
US8889769B2 (en) 2011-06-27 2014-11-18 Basf Se Weathering-resistant polyester molding compositions with styrene copolymers
JP5933708B2 (ja) 2011-06-27 2016-06-15 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ スチレンコポリマーを有する耐候安定性のポリエステル成形コンパウンド
WO2013045205A1 (de) 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Styrolution GmbH Stabilisierte formmassen aus polyamid und asa-copolymeren
WO2013045206A1 (de) 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Styrolution GmbH Stabilisierte polycarbonat acrylnitril/styrol/acrylester formmassen
EP2766429A1 (de) 2011-10-13 2014-08-20 Styrolution GmbH Stabilisierte polyamid-abs formmassen
EP2647664A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-09 Cytec Technology Corp. Method for stabilizing polyolefin films against UV degradation
SA116370295B1 (ar) 2015-02-20 2016-12-06 باسف اس اى رقائق، وأشرطة وفتائل أحادية من البولي أوليفين مثبتة للضوء
WO2017016942A1 (en) 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 Basf Se An additive mixture
IT201700073726A1 (it) 2017-06-30 2018-12-30 3V Sigma Spa Ammine impedite polimeriche
CN111051428B (zh) 2017-07-05 2023-04-07 英力士苯领集团股份公司 抗紫外线能力增强的热塑性苯乙烯共聚物树脂组合物
CN111094445B (zh) 2017-07-05 2023-12-19 英力士苯领集团股份公司 抗紫外线能力增强的热塑性树脂组合物
KR102514323B1 (ko) 2017-07-05 2023-03-27 이네오스 스티롤루션 그룹 게엠베하 개선된 uv 내성을 갖는 열가소성 수지 조성물
IT201700078234A1 (it) 2017-07-11 2019-01-11 3V Sigma Spa Ammine impedite

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE412071B (sv) * 1975-03-21 1980-02-18 Montefibre Spa Stabiliserade polyolefinbaserade polymerkompositioner och motsvarande stabilisator
IT1061551B (it) * 1975-11-18 1983-04-30 Chimosa Chimica Organica Spa Compositi poliureici utilizzabili per la stabilizzazione di polimeri sintetici e procedimento per la loro preparazione
IT1052501B (it) * 1975-12-04 1981-07-20 Chimosa Chimica Organica Spa Composti politriazinici utilizzabili per la stabilizzazione di polimeri sintetici e procedimento per la loro preparazione
CH626109A5 (enExample) * 1976-05-11 1981-10-30 Ciba Geigy Ag
DE2961381D1 (en) * 1978-02-08 1982-01-28 Ciba Geigy Ag Polyalkylpiperidine derivatives of s-triazines, their use as stabilizers for polymers and polymers thus stabilized
DE2839711A1 (de) * 1978-09-13 1980-03-27 Hoechst Ag Neue polyalkylpiperidinpolymerisate, ihre herstellung und verwendung
US4315859A (en) * 1979-01-15 1982-02-16 Ciba-Geigy Corporation 1,3,5-Triazines containing at least one piperidine radical
US4265805A (en) * 1980-04-01 1981-05-05 American Cyanamid Company Polymeric light stabilizers containing tetralkyl piperidine moieties

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0070358B1 (en) 1987-01-21
US4331586A (en) 1982-05-25
ATE25085T1 (de) 1987-02-15
ZA825147B (en) 1983-05-25
EP0070358A1 (en) 1983-01-26
DE3275187D1 (en) 1987-02-26
JPS5818378A (ja) 1983-02-02
ES514080A0 (es) 1983-10-01
JPH0112753B2 (enExample) 1989-03-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES8308576A1 (es) Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degradacion por radiacion ultravioleta.
AU534133B2 (en) Triazine derivatives used as stabilisers for synthetic polymers
IT1194812B (it) Composizioni siliconiche polimerizzanti per addizione
ATE30920T1 (de) Selbstverloeschende polymerzusammensetzungen.
DE3276700D1 (en) Novel light stabilizers for polymers
GR3022079T3 (en) Preparation of substituted piperidines
GB2136805B (en) Piperidine compounds as uv light stabilisers for polymers
IT1209416B (it) Composizioni stabilizzanti per alogenuri di vinile migliorate.
ES8300122A1 (es) Procedimiento para estabilizar polimeros contra la degrada- cion por la luz
FI881609A0 (fi) Dihydropyridinamider, foerfarande foer deras framstaellning och deras anvaendning i laekemedel.
ES2000320A6 (es) Procedimiento para la preparacion de compuestos de 1-oxa-3-oxo-4,8-diaza-espiro (4,5) decano
ES8701159A1 (es) Procedimiento para la obtencion de derivados de piperidina con actividad cardiovascular.
ES477852A1 (es) Procedimiento de preparacion de nuevas amidas derivadas de acidos carboxilicos-5-pirimidinicos.
AU2371184A (en) 2-imino-pyrrolidines
DE3276113D1 (en) Piperidine groups containing esters,methods for their preparation, their use as stabilising agents for polymers, and polymers containing these compounds
ES2002663A6 (es) Procedimiento para la preparacion de diazaoxaespirodecanos sustituidos como estabilizadores para polimeros
FI830096L (fi) Foerfarande foer framstaellning av 2-acyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2h-pyrazino /2,1-a/-4-isokinolinooch mellanprodukter
EP0448774A3 (en) Triazinic compounds
ES2058196T3 (es) Derivados de azacromano.
PT87563A (pt) Process for the preparation of vinylcephalosporins useful as medicaments
AU553922B2 (en) Poly-bis-triazinylimides as light stabilizer for polymers
FI935641L (fi) Menetelmä uusien korkean kiintoainepitoisuuden omaavien vedettömien polymeerikoostumusten valmistamiseksi
DE3269955D1 (en) Novel light stabilizers for polymers
EP0465405A3 (en) Substituted pyrroles used as stabilisers for chlorine containing polymers
EP0160642A4 (en) POLYMERIC LIGHT STABILIZING AGENTS CONTAINING POLYALKYLPIPERIDINE GROUPS.