ES2863424T3 - Procedure for the preparation of a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer as well as a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for the preparation of an organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen, characterized by the following stages: a) facilitating manure, b) spreading the manure on an air-permeable soil up to a height that does not exceed a predefined maximum height of 2 meters, c) incubate the manure at a temperature of 15 ° C to 30 ° C for a first period of time amounting to 1 week to 10 weeks, during which air is conducted through the spread manure and the air-permeable soil and manure presents during the first period of time a moisture content of 60% or more, so that through incubation the mass of fungi of the group of coprinoid fungi increases in the manure, d) mix the incubated manure with an organic liquid that contains nitrogen, which has a solids content of at least 50% and a nitrogen content of at least 2%, after the first period of time has elapsed and e) drying the incubated manure and Mix it with the organic liquid that contains nitrogen, where only manure already previously incubated can be added to the manure, apart from this, however, no microorganisms are added.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Procedure for the preparation of a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer as well as a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as to a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer according to the preamble of claim 10.

Numerous organic fertilizers are known from the state of the art, often consisting of processed manure. However, the nutrient composition is problematic in these organic fertilizers. Thus these organic fertilizers regularly contain too little nitrogen to allow the plants which are fertilized with this a sufficient nitrogen feed.

According to the state of the art, therefore, organic fertilizers are frequently mixed with inorganic, synthetic fertilizers, which have a higher nitrogen content. This is however expensive and requires complicated mixing of an inorganic fertilizer.

It is further known from the state of the art to fertilize a surface to be fertilized first with an organic fertilizer and then with an inorganic fertilizer, in order to provide sufficient nitrogen enrichment. This procedure is also complicated, since two fertilization stages are necessary.

For a nitrogen input into a soil, it is also known to plant plants such as, for example, lupins, which live in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, in a cultivation area and then plow them (green manuring). However, this process is also proportionally expensive, since no other plants can be planted in the corresponding cultivation area during green manuring.

Document WO 2013/109153 A1 describes a bioorganic fertilizer, which has a defined composition of certain microorganisms. For the preparation of this fertilizer, it is planned to mix manure with a diluted activated microbiological formulation to obtain the desired composition of microorganisms in the fertilizer. Document WO 2013/128080 A1 describes a fertilizer composition, which has a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen being within a defined range.

Document WO 91/17130 A1 describes a fertilizer composition containing organic manure, a moisture content of the composition being found to be less than 20% and a fiber content of the composition being between 10% and 70%.

DE 102012112898 A1 describes a process for the preparation of biogas from biomass containing lignocellulose.

WO 2013/028776 A1 describes a process for treating animal waste as well as fertilizers contained therefrom.

In DE 10 2008 019 299 A1 the preparation of sterile soil substrate from composted animal excrement is described.

DE 102004017876 A1 describes a process for the preparation of inorganic or organic-inorganic fertilizers.

In AT 110536 B a process for the processing of stable manure, silage forage and other fermentable substances is described.

GB 179198 A describes stable manure or other organic material for use as a fertilizer. The present invention is based on the objective of presenting a simplified process for the preparation of a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer as well as providing a corresponding nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer.

This objective is achieved with a process with the characteristics of claim 1. A process of this type, preparing an organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen, has the steps explained below.

First, manure is provided. This manure can be collected, for example, in different stables where it is produced. This can be done by so-called autoloaders. In stable installations more large, in which containers for the collection of manure are placed, the collection of the manure can be carried out without problems through the existing container system.

The manure is then spread on a surface in the form of an air-permeable soil. In this regard, care is taken that the manure spread in this way does not exceed a predefined maximum height of 2 meters.

After this the manure spread in this way is incubated for a first period of time. Incubation is carried out under defined and controlled conditions. Due to this there is a growth of fungi that are already present in the manure. In particular incubation. Incubation is carried out in such a way that a growth of fungi from the group of coprinoid fungi occurs. Coprinoid fungi have the property of fixing nitrogen from the environment through their own growth. Incubation-induced fungal growth consequently leads to nitrogen fixation, which is contained in manure, by fungi. As a result, this nitrogen is extracted from processes that decompose nitrogen in manure and nitrogen flushing separations from manure. Nitrogen fixation is therefore carried out in the manure, so that the manure treated in this way can be better used for fertilizer purposes such as manure, in which nitrogen compounds can easily be decomposed, without being previously absorbed by plants, to whose subscriber is actually provided manure.

Good fungal growth is achieved because manure incubation takes place at a temperature at which fungi, particularly coprinoid fungi, can grow well. The procedure is therefore carried out in such a way that the temperature is maintained during the incubation in a range from 15 ° C to 30 ° C, in particular from 20 ° C to 25 ° C. A temperature range of 23 ° C to 27 ° C is particularly preferred in this regard.

The first period of time is from 1 week to 10 weeks, in particular from 2 weeks to 9 weeks, in particular from 3 weeks to 8 weeks, in particular from 4 weeks to 7 weeks, in particular from 5 weeks to 6 weeks or other discretionary period of time that can be formed from the numerical values mentioned above. (for example from 4 weeks to 6 weeks, etc.). A first period of one week to 3 weeks is especially suitable.

Since fungi require a certain humidity for adequate growth, the procedure is carried out in such a way that the manure presents during the first period of time a moisture content or water content of 60% or more. The moisture content or the water content is preferably in a range from 60% to 95%, in particular from 70% to 90%, in particular from 75% to 80%.

At least during the incubation stage, air is led through the spread manure and the air-permeable soil. For this purpose, air can be blown or sucked through manure and soil. For example, a blower may be arranged adjacent to or in an air-permeable cavity below the soil and may blow or suck air through the soil and manure. Such an air duct favors aerobic growth conditions for microorganisms that are contained in manure.

After the development of the first period of time, an organic liquid containing nitrogen is added to the hatched manure. This nitrogen-containing organic liquid has a solids content of at least 50% and a nitrogen content of at least 2%. By means of this addition the total nitrogen content of the manure is increased, being able to bind a significant proportion of the nitrogen through the growth of fungi achieved during the incubation in the fungi and being able to release after the spreading of the organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen from the fungi and being able to absorb by plants for growth. At the same time, the nitrogen of the organic liquid containing added nitrogen serves to facilitate the more rapidly available nitrogen, so that a broad spectrum of availability of nitrogen compounds results with the use of the corresponding fertilizer.

The manure incubated and mixed with the organic nitrogen-containing liquid is now dried and can then be processed into the form determined for your application.

During the entire procedure, pre-incubated manure can be added to the manure if necessary. The process is carried out, however, in such a way that other microorganisms cannot be added to the manure apart from this. In particular, pure microorganism solutions such as for example bacterial solutions are not added to the manure to influence the bacteriological composition of the manure. Rather, only those species of microorganisms that were initially contained in the manure are found in the manure after incubation. By incubation, the proportion of certain microorganisms can be raised by natural growth processes, while the proportion of other microorganisms can be reduced. However, no active influence is exerted on this. Due to this, the claimed process in question can be carried out clearly more economically and in a way that requires less control than the processes known from the state of the art, in which a certain composition of microorganisms must be achieved within the generated fertilizer.

In a variant, no previously incubated manure is added to the manure during incubation. In this variant, therefore, the addition of microorganisms to the manure to be incubated is completely dispensed with.

All percentage indications are to be understood - as long as the opposite is not the case in the respective context or the opposite has been explicitly stated - as a percentage by mass.

In a variant of the method, the predefined maximum height of the manure during spreading is 1.5 m, in particular 1 m, in particular 75 cm, in particular 60 cm, in particular 55 cm, in particular 50 cm, in in particular at 40 cm, in particular at 30 cm, in particular at 20 cm, in particular at 10 cm. A suitable maximum height can be, for example, in the range of 10 cm to 1 m or in another arbitrary range of the values mentioned above (for example 20 cm to 75 cm). A particularly suitable maximum height is in the range of 40 cm to 60 cm.

Manure usually has straw, wood and animal excrement as the main constituent parts or is made up entirely of these constituent parts. In the claimed process according to the invention the presence of wood is not harmful. This is therefore particularly advantageous since manure mixed with wood must generally be collected in a costly manner. In carrying out the claimed method according to the invention, this costly disposal of the manure is eliminated. In addition, nitrogen-enriched manure is prepared at the same time, which can then be used as an organic fertilizer.

To mix the manure further with naturally occurring fungi in the manure, it can be added to the manure in a variant already stored substrate, ie manure already incubated in the past to achieve fungal growth. In this way, an improved fungal growth is regularly carried out during the incubation, since the starting mass of the fungi to be reproduced during the incubation is already higher. This ultimately results in better nitrogen fixation of the nitrogen contained in the manure.

To provide optimal fungal growth, the manure is ground in a variant of the incubation stage. In this connection, grinding can be carried out in such a way that a maximum length of the constituent parts contained in the manure is 5 cm, in particular 4.5 cm, in particular 4 cm, in particular 3.5 cm, in particular in 3 cm, in particular in 2.5 cm, in particular in 2 cm, in particular in 1,5 cm and very especially in 1 cm. The maximum length of the constituent parts contained in the manure can be, for example, in a range of 1 cm to 5 cm or other arbitrary range of the values mentioned above (for example 1.5 cm to 4.5 cm). A particularly suitable maximum length is in the range of 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm.

As already mentioned, fungal growth is achieved by incubation. In this case, in particular, there is an increase in the mass of fungi from the group of coprinoid fungi. Coprinoid fungi are especially suitable fungi for fixing nitrogen in manure and releasing it during the subsequent spreading of fertilizer prepared from manure. Coprinoid fungi can be subdivided into the genera Coprinus, Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, and Parasola. In a variant, after incubation the mass of coprinoid fungi from one, several or all of the above-mentioned genera is high.

Spreading the manure up to the predefined maximum height provides in particular aerobic growth conditions during the incubation time, which are especially suitable for fungal growth. Anaerobic fields are preferably completely avoided within the hatchery manure, so that no anaerobic decomposition processes can take place in the manure.

In another variant, the manure is kept during incubation at a pH value from pH 5.0 to pH 9.0, in particular from pH 5.5 to pH 8.5, in particular from pH 6.0 to pH 8, 0, in particular from pH 6.5 to pH 7.5, in particular from pH 6.8 to pH 7.3, in particular from pH 7.0 to pH 7.5. For this purpose, the pH value of the hatchery is preferably monitored regularly (for example at certain time intervals or, however, continuously). When the pH value rises to a value which is above the range mentioned above, pH reducing agents, such as for example acid reacting substances or acids, must be added to the hatchery manure. If the pH value is lowered to a value below the range mentioned above, substances that increase the pH, such as bases or alkaline substances, must be added to the manure. Also by adding sugar, the pH value can be influenced, since the supply of sugar influences the growth of bacteria that takes place in the manure during incubation, so that an indirect influence is exerted on the pH value.

For good fungal growth, it can be advantageous if trace elements are added to the manure, as provided for in a variant of the method. Suitable trace elements for addition are molybdenum, vanadium, iron, sulfur, copper, chromium, manganese, selenium, zinc etc.

In a variant, the organic nitrogen-containing liquid has a solids content of at least 55%, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, in particular at least 75%, in particular at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, in particular at least 85% and most especially at least 90%. Suitable solids proportions are therefore in a range of 50% to 90% or in another arbitrary range, which can be formed from the values mentioned above (for example 55% to 85%). A particularly suitable solids content is in the range from 50% to 65%.

In a variant, the organic nitrogen-containing liquid has a nitrogen content of at least 2.5%, in particular at least 3%, in particular at least 3.5%, in particular at least 4%, in particular at least 4.5%, in particular at least 5%, in particular at least 6%, in particular at least 7% and very especially at least 8%. Suitable proportions of nitrogen are in a range of 2% to 8% or in another arbitrary range, which can be formed from the values mentioned above. A nitrogen content of 2% to 4% is particularly suitable for this.

In a variant, the nitrogen-containing organic liquid is potato water, barley dregs such as, for example, bagasse, molasses and / or stillage. Potato water can be used for example in the form of a potato water concentrate, which is also known by the abbreviation PPL (for the English term "potato protein liquid").

In a variant of the process, the organic nitrogen-containing liquid is added to the manure in an amount of 0.1 kg to 1 kg, in particular 0.2 kg to 0.9 kg, in particular 0.3 kg to 0, 8 kg, in particular from 0.4 kg to 0.7 kg, in particular from 0.5 kg to 0.6 kg per kilogram of manure.

In a variant, the biological and / or chemical activity of the manure is interrupted before drying as long as biological or chemical reactions can no longer be carried out in the nitrogen-enriched manure during the drying process. This interruption can be carried out for example because acids or bases are added to lower or increase the pH value, to largely destroy all microorganisms in the incubated manure. Alternatively or additionally, a brief increase in temperature (such as, for example, pasteurization) is also possible. For example, the incubated manure can be heated for a few minutes (approx. 1 minute to 10 minutes, in particular 2 minutes to 9 minutes, in particular 3 minutes to 8 minutes, in particular 4 minutes to 7 minutes, in particular 5 minutes to 6 minutes) up to a temperature of more than 100 ° C, in particular more than 120 ° C, in particular more than 130 ° C and very especially more than 150 ° C.

To provide easy use of the nitrogen-enriched fertilizer, the nitrogen-enriched manure is pelleted or granulated in a variant after drying to provide a suitable shape or structure of the organic fertilizer, which simplifies its use. The structuring method is preferably selected according to energy points of view in order to keep the energy required for this as low as possible. In another variant, an additive for the soil is added to the manure already incubated after the first period of time, to optimize the properties of the organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen generated not only in relation to its nitrogen content, but also in relation to other requirements of the earth. The soil additive can be, for example, biological carbon or bentonite or other clay mineral.

In a variant, the incubated manure is dried rapidly, so that the ammonium / ammonia balance is not altered and so that nitrogen losses cannot occur. In the case of an alteration of the ammonium / ammonia balance, a release of the previously fixed nitrogen could occur, so that the efficiency of the nitrogen enrichment of the process would be altered. When the biological and / or chemical activity of the incubated manure has already been interrupted, the drying itself can also be carried out slowly.

In a variant, the manure is first fed to a biogas plant before incubation, to generate biogas from the manure. Because of this, it is possible in a particularly advantageous way to use a part of the energy, which is contained in the manure, but is not necessarily required for the organic fertilizer, for the generation of biogas.

The biogas generated in this way can be used in another variant, for example for drying already incubated manure. In other words, in this variant it is possible that the energy necessary for the drying process of the incubated manure is obtained from the manure itself to be dried. This allows for a highly energy efficient performance of the procedure. In addition, the manure undergoes by means of the generation of biogas and a structure adaptation, which is advantageous for the subsequent incubation and makes possible an easier growth of the fungi within the manure structured in this way.

Although basically different types of manure can be used (either pure or as a mixture) it has been particularly advantageous to use horse manure as manure, since horse manure represents a particularly suitable substrate for fungi, in particular coprinoid fungi. Furthermore, horse manure is basically very suitable as an organic fertilizer. Through nitrogen fixation and nitrogen enrichment, horse manure undergoes a significant recovery in this respect, which makes it no longer The use of additional inorganic nitrogen-containing fertilizers is necessary.

As discussed above, the manure is spread prior to the incubation step on air-permeable soil. For example a crevice pavement such as for example a partial crevice pavement or a complete crevice pavement, as is regularly used in animal stables, is suitable as an air-permeable floor. That is, the process can be carried out on soil that is generally available in any case in the agricultural sector.

In a variant, not only during the incubation stage, but for example also during the stage of mixing the manure with the organic nitrogen-containing liquid and / or during the drying stage, air is guided through the spread manure and the permeable soil. in the air. For this purpose, air can be blown or sucked through manure and soil. For example, a blower may be arranged adjacent to or in an air-permeable cavity below the soil and may blow or suck air through the soil and manure. Such an air duct favors aerobic growth conditions for microorganisms that are contained in manure. The claimed invention in question also relates to a nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer, which can be obtained by a process according to the previous explanations. An organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen of this type differs from inorganic fertilizer or synthetic fertilizer because it is made up of purely natural substances, that is, it is a natural fertilizer. Such a natural or organic fertilizer can be used particularly advantageously in organic farming, where the use of synthetically generated fertilizers is not allowed. It is possible with the nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer described and claimed in question, therefore, to allow with compliance with the regulations for organic farming an improved nutrient supply of ecologically generated plants.

In a variant the present invention therefore also relates to the use of nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer in organic farming (also called organic farming, eco-farming or alternative farming). In a variant, the nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer has a nitrogen content of 2% to 12%, in particular 3% to 11%, in particular 4% to 10%, in particular 5% to 9%, in particular from 6% to 8%, in particular from 4.5% to 7%. This nitrogen content refers to this as the percentage by mass of the total mass of the dried nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer, which has a residual moisture of not more than 20%, in particular of not more than 15%, in particular of a maximum of 12%, in particular of a maximum of 10%, in particular of a maximum of 8%, in particular of a maximum of 6% and very especially of a maximum of 4%. For example, the residual humidity can be found in a range of 4% to 20% or in another discretionary range, which can be constituted by the residual humidity values mentioned above, (for example in a range of 6% to 15% etc.).

Claims (11)

1. Procedure for the preparation of an organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen, characterized by the following stages: a) facilitate manure, b) spreading the manure on air-permeable soil to a height not exceeding a predefined maximum height of 2 meters, c) incubate the manure at a temperature of 15 ° C to 30 ° C for a first period of time amounting to 1 week to 10 weeks, in which air is conducted through the spread manure and the air-permeable soil and the manure has a moisture content of 60% or more during the first period of time, so that through incubation the mass of fungi from the group of coprinoid fungi in the manure increases, d) mixing the incubated manure with an organic liquid containing nitrogen, which has a solids content of at least 50% and a nitrogen content of at least 2%, after the first period of time has elapsed and e) drying the incubated manure and mixing it with the organic liquid containing nitrogen, where only manure already previously incubated can be added to the manure, apart from this, however, no microorganisms are added. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a proportion of a manure already previously incubated during the first period of time is added to the manure provided in step a). Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the manure is ground before step b) in such a way that the individual constituent parts of the manure do not exceed a maximum length of 5 cm. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manure has a pH value which is maintained for the first period of time in a range from pH 5.0 to pH 9.0. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manure has a moisture content of not less than 60% during the first period of time. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manure has a temperature which is maintained for the first period of time in a range from 15 ° C to 40 ° C. 7. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrogen-containing organic liquid is selected from the group consisting of potato water, barley dregs, molasses and stillage. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organic nitrogen-containing liquid is added to the manure in an amount of 0.1 kg to 1.0 kg per kg of manure. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manure is horse manure. 10. Organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen, obtainable by a process according to one of the preceding claims. 11. Organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen according to claim 11, characterized in that it has a nitrogen content of 2% to 12%, with respect to the total mass of the organic fertilizer enriched with nitrogen dried with a residual humidity of at most 20% .