ES2352932A1 - Plant coating device for fixing and vegetation of slopes and revegetation procedure of surfaces, including rock or concrete. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant coating device for fixing and vegetation of slopes and revegetation procedure of surfaces, including rock or concrete. The invention relates to a plant coating device as well as to a surface revegetation process, preferably in the fixing of slopes. The device comprises a plant substrate (5), composed of organic material, fibers of vegetable origin and binder, which is applied by hydropneumatic or dry route projection, fixing with the help of a retaining mesh (6). On this substrate (5) there may be a direct growth of vegetation or induced by a subsequent hydroseeding (8). A geotextile mesh (2) drainage allows the elimination of water caused by excessive irrigation or rainfall. The meshes (6) and (2) are separated from one another by means of spacers (4), and the assembly is seated on the wall (1) to be covered by various bolts (3) with the corresponding fixing systems (10). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Plant coating device for slope fixation and vegetation and revegetation procedure of surfaces, even rocky or concrete.

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a device of vegetal cover, preferably in the fixing of slopes, its vegetation and surface erosion control, as well as a surface revegetation procedure.

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Prior art

Road construction, mining to open sky, public works in general that involve the excavation of lands, entail the generation of earth slopes and rock, of more or less pronounced slopes, exposed to the action of atmospheric agents The colonization of these slopes by the flora requires a certain time, variable according to the time of the year and the climatology of the area. During this time the erosive action of the atmosphere through wind, rain and the corresponding runoff water, ice, etc. can cause the crumbling of the slope with the consequent inconveniences for the circulation next shot, homes, operators, etc.

The fixing of these slopes has been carried out in different ways in the past. In the first place, reinforcement means, generally of metal, were used in the form of anchors, alone or combined with meshes, which were mainly intended to prevent rockfalls. They did not prevent, however, the progressive collapse of smaller materials, such as boulders, sand, etc. The added problem is that when these finer granulometry materials collapsed, acting by caking the larger rocks, they eventually collapsed as well, deforming and even breaking the meshes. Examples of these systems are described in WO 94/23133, WO 94/29532, WO 91/06713. Together with these metal reinforcements, a layer of fragrable material, usually concrete, which was used to fix sandy materials and that, in a first phase, protected them from erosion, was often spread on the slope. Over time, the concrete itself also suffered the erosive effect. In addition, from an aesthetic and landscape point of view, these first solutions were not
attractive.

To partially alleviate the unsightly effect of these types of coatings, the so-called geotextiles began to be used. These covers, generally based on plastics, had the advantage of their low vulnerability by atmospheric agents, together with their easy assembly, transport and low total cost. However, they were still foreign elements to the natural environment and hardly biodegradable. Examples of geotextiles are also frequently found in the patent literature, for example in EP 307720, WO 93/24315. Some of these geotextiles already include a layer where they can germinate vegetable seeds EP 621377, WO 92/05316. Also, the latter type of geotextiles can also be combined with armor elements (see EP 557496). Subsequently, the dispersion in these slopes of fluid substrates was introduced in the sector, with a high percentage of organic matter, from which a plant layer can be regenerated that retains the mineral layer of the slope and gives it a totally natural appearance. EP 437171, EP 451088, ES 2024382 and WO
92/09193.

In other cases, when the substrate of coating presents appropriate conditions to climatologies Iberian Peninsula type, with greater thermal oscillations and less rainfall regime, and is projected similarly, as in the case of ES 2024382, the coating lacks a component of hydroseeding relying on revegetation to the spontaneous action of the nature.

In relation to patent ES 2063685, whose composition reminds of the one used in the present invention, it must verify the fact that the specific weight of this coating is far superior to that used herein invention. This is mainly due to the high content in inorganic material, which causes its detachment from the substrate ore to be coated. Also the stabilizer used in the The referenced patent differs totally from that of the device object of the invention and which determines its optimum adhesion to substrate to be coated. In addition, when projecting the substrate directly on the wall before birth, part is lost by washing Due to runoff.

Probably the state of the art more close to this invention can be found in document ES 2109181. However, experience has shown that certain difficulties with the technology described in that document, such as runoff washing, partial deterioration of some plastic fibers, as well as certain rooting problems of the vegetation. To solve these circumstances, the present invention presents novelties that solve the mentioned problems about.

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Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to provide a new device for slope revegetation and solve some of the above problems through a substrate vegetable composed of organic matter, with fibers of plant origin and binder that is applied by hydropneumatic projection or via dry fixing with the help of a retaining mesh. The substrate is deposited on the drainage geotextile mesh, previously placed on the slope, projecting it through the support mesh or retainer Direct growth can occur on this substrate of vegetation or induced by subsequent hydroseeding. Be therefore obtains an effective surface coating, avoiding its collapse when the sloped terrain slopes are accused, with added landscape value, being a coating to vegetation base and adapted to high dry weather conditions and of pronounced temperature changes. Also, its versatility, allows each coating to be adapted to a particular ecosystem through a previous study of the vegetation of the area.

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Description of the invention

The invention relates to a new device of plant cover, of the type used in the surface revegetation, which includes:

to

 \: 

-

a substrate, based on vegetable compost, fine sand and vermiculite, and vegetable fiber mixture fertilized,

b

 \: 

-

a binder, based on seaweed flour, cement, clay and a retainer humidity,

C

 \: 

-

a component of hydroseeding, water based, mulch, humus (light organic substrate based on peat mainly composed of matter organic and humic acids), moisture retainers of gels Acrylics and minerals, and seeds of herbaceous plants.

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This vegetal coating is applied on the wall of a slope or surface to be covered by:

-

a geotextile drainage mesh, which is fixed to the surface by some bolts, so that on the surface they have made a series of holes in which each of the bolts,

-

a retaining or retaining mesh, which provides retention sufficient to the substrate on the applied surface, and is fixed to the surface by the help of each bolt,

-

a series of separators that are located between the geotextile mesh of drainage and clamping mesh, to ensure a space enough between them, so that the mesh of support provides sufficient rigidity to support the entire substrate and thus preventing said fastening mesh from collapsing towards the area of the geotextile drain mesh.

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In this way, the substrate is applied together with the binder on the holding mesh. In addition, said plant cover has an irrigation device located by self-compensating drip, with a superficially arranged pipe, with an irrigation controller and autonomous valve and with a timer and timer. Likewise, the plant cover consists of a device for emptying the pipes, in order to avoid breakage of the freezing lines during winter, so that both the irrigation system and the emptying system are controlled by solenoid valve.
the.

The composition of the substrate is given by:

-

40-60% compost vegetable,

-

10-20% fine sand and vermiculite,

-

20-30% mixture of plant fiber fertilized with organic fertilizers and inorganic,

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while the composition of the binder for each m 3 of the mixture with the substrate is:

-

30-50% flour algae,

-

10-20% stabilizer of natural hydrocolloids of plant origin,

-

25-40% retainer moisture of acrylic origin,

-

10-20% of clays bentonitics and heat treated diatomaceous earths,

-

3-10% of cement,

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and the hydroseeding composition per m2 of slope surface is given by

-

Water: 2 l / m2

-

mulch: 0.5 kg / m2

-

humus: 4 l / m2

-

gel moisture retainers Acrylics and minerals: 35-100 g / m2.

-

herbaceous plant seeds of appropriate species for average rainfall, temperature and slope orientation in the amount of 30-40 g / m2 according to the study of previous vegetation.

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The clamping mesh can be wire galvanized or a polyethylene geogrid.

The invention also describes a process. of surface revegetation comprising applying a compound which includes:

to

 \: 

-

a substrate, based on vegetable compost, fine sand and vermiculite, and vegetable fiber mixture fertilized,

b

 \: 

-

a binder, based on seaweed flour, cement, clay and a retainer humidity,

C

 \: 

-

a component of hydroseeding, water based, mulch, humus, moisture retainers of acrylic and mineral gels, and plant seeds herbaceous,

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on the wall of a slope or surface to be covered by projection of the substrate on a geotextile mesh of drainage, previously placed on the slope, through a mesh of restraint or retainer. The system will also preferably carry the corresponding separators between them and the irrigation system and emptying of pipes already mentioned.

The revegetation procedure according to The invention can be applied wet or by machine Dry air hydropneumatic.

The plant cover composition is Performs in several layers. A first stage consists of the substrate plus the binder and then another layer with the component Hydroseeding (8).

The revegetation procedure uses some substrate compositions, binder mixed with the substrate, and Hydroseeding per m2 of slope surface according to Proportions already mentioned.

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Description of the figure

The unique figure represents a section cross section of the device used for plant cover. The numerical references that appear correspond to the following elements:

one -

Surface to be coated (section cross).

2 -

Geotextile drain mesh.

3 -

Pin fixing to the wall.

4 -

Separator.

5 -

Projection of substrate.

6 -

Clamping mesh.

7 -

Irrigation devices located.

8 -

Hydroseeding or planting.

9 -

Average thickness of the coating.

10 -

Surface fixing system a coat.

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Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

As already noted, the purpose of the invention is a new plant coating device to be fixed on the wall of a slope or similar surface (1). He substrate (5) to be applied consists mainly of a mixture of organic material from residues of plant origin, inorganic filler based on sand and natural fibers of origin vegetable. This substrate (5) is applied together with a binder based on seaweed flour, cement, clay and a moisture retainer, on a fastening mesh (6) either wire, or geogrid of polyethylene, passing through it, so the size of the particles that make up the substrate must be smaller than the opening of the retaining mesh.

On the slope or surface wall (1) a cover a geotextile mesh (2) of drainage is installed; said mesh geotextile (2) is fixed to the surface (1) by means of bolts (3), so that on the surface (1) a series of holes in which each of the bolts (3) is inserted. A fixing system (10), integrated by a nut device, washer and locknut, allows fixing the mesh of geotextile (2) to each of the bolts (3).

Subsequently the support mesh is arranged (6), whose objective is to provide sufficient retention to the substrate (5) on the surface (1) applied. Said clamping mesh (6) is fixed to the surface (1) by the help of each of the bolts (3), so that the clamping mesh (6) is imprisoned between the nut and the washer of the fixing system (10); the locknut of the set allows the final tightening of all the assembly A series of separators (4) are located between the mesh Geotextile (2) drainage and clamping mesh (6), to ensure a sufficient space between them, so that the mesh of clamp (6) provides sufficient rigidity to support all the substrate (5). This prevents said support mesh (6) from collapsing towards the area of the drainage geotextile mesh (2).

The substrate application procedure (5) It can be done wet or with hydropneumatic machine by dry way. To facilitate the growth of the stratum vegetable, on this fixed substrate can be carried out a Hydroseeding (8) of seeds of plants conditioned in a medium which contains organic germination material formed by straw, organic seed development material formed by peat and cellulose, and a moisture retainer based on an acrylic polymer. In order to favor the initial grip and growth of the stratum vegetable, a localized irrigation device (7) has been included that it will allow the contribution of nutrients to the substrate (5).

The localized irrigation device (7) is a self-compensating drip irrigation system with pipe disposed of superficial form, even in isolated slopes and without the possibility of have an electric current, with irrigation controller and valve autonomous and with programmer and clock (elements not represented in the figure). Both irrigation and emptying are controlled by solenoid valves, the drainage system being essential in this Vegetable coating composition to prevent breakage of freezing irrigation lines in winter.

Watering is done in sections longitudinal, being able to collect the excess by runoff to subsequent use if necessary. Each solenoid valve is program for each longitudinal section, not transverse, because it you should consider that the application is done on sloped slopes, and the lower lines receive runoff water from the superior; Therefore, programming is done so that the sum of the sections have a similar flow over the entire surface of the slope

The retaining mesh (6) used for the substrate retention (5) on the applied surface can be type triple twisted galvanized wire mesh, or a geogrid of polyethylene. The projection of substrate and binder on the mesh (6) it can be done through a machine Hydropneumatic or dry way. An average thickness is projected on a drainage geotextile (2) previously placed on the slope to avoid runoff falls due to runoff, according to a study of vegetation of the previous area and through the retaining mesh projects the substrate, so it has to have an opening minimum of 50 mm.

Table 1 shows the main characteristics that the geotextile mesh (2) of sewer system.

Hydroseeding can be carried out later to the projection of the substrate (5), as a complement to the projection. Seeds can also be included in the substrate (5), giving good results, since the substrate (5) contains moisture that It is maintained thanks to the built-in moisture retainers. Said moisture retainers (not shown in the figure) are acrylic gels that are incorporated in both the substrate (5) and in Hydroseeding (8), and having the ability to store moisture in a very high proportion depending on its volume. This is used when plants do not receive external input.

In this way, it is average thickness (9) of the entire coating, integrated by the drainage geotextile mesh (2), substrate (5), triple twist mesh and hydroseeding or Plantation (8), is of the order of between 8 and 20 cm.

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Execution Example of the Invention

Below is an example of non-limiting execution of the invention. A substrate will be used (5) whose composition will be:

-

40-60% compost vegetable,

-

10-20% fine sand and vermiculite,

-

20-30% mixture of plant fiber fertilized with organic fertilizers and inorganic

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0-3 kg of binder will be added to each m3 of the previous substrate mixture. The composition of said binder will be the following:

-

30-50% flour algae,

-

10-20% stabilizer of natural hydrocolloids of plant origin,

-

25-40% retainer moisture of acrylic origin,

-

10-20% of clays bentonitics and heat treated diatomaceous earths,

-

3-10% of cement.

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Hydroseeding, or sowing by projection is Performs in several layers. The following components and quantities they must be part of the hydroseeding mixture per m2 of slope surface

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Water: 2 l / m2.

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Mulch: 0.5 Kg / m2 (Vegetable fibers).

-

Humus: 4 l / m2.

-

Gel moisture retainers Acrylics and minerals: 35-100 g / m2.

-

Herbaceous plant seeds from appropriate species for average rainfall, temperature and slope orientation in the amount of 30-40 g / m2 according to the study of previous vegetation.

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TABLE 1 Features of the mesh or geotextile of sewer system

one

Claims (15)

1. Plant cover device, from type of those used in surface revegetation, which understands:

to

 \: 

-

a substrate (5), based on vegetable compost, fine sand and vermiculite, and vegetable fiber mixture fertilized,

b

 \: 

-

a binder, based on seaweed flour, cement, clay and a moisture retainer, Y

C

 \: 

-

a component of Hydroseeding (8), water based, mulch, humus, retainers Moisture of acrylic and mineral gels, and plant seeds herbaceous,

characterized in that the device further comprises:

-

a geotextile mesh (2) drainage, suitable to be fixed to the surface (1) by means of bolts (3) to be inserted in some surface holes (1),

-

a clamping mesh (6) to provide sufficient retention to the substrate (5) on the surface (1) applied, and

-

a series of separators (4) located between the geotextile mesh (2) of drainage and clamping mesh (6) to ensure a space sufficient between them, such that the mesh of support (6) provides sufficient rigidity to support the entire substrate (5) and thus prevent said support mesh (6) from collapsing towards the Geotextile mesh area (2) drainage.

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2. Device according to claim 1, which It also includes a drip irrigation device (7) self-compensating, with superficially arranged pipe, with irrigation controller and autonomous valve and with programmer and clock, as well as another emptying device to prevent breakage of freezing irrigation lines in winter, and with solenoid valves to control both the irrigation system and the emptying system. 3. Plant coating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composition of the substrate (5) is:

-

40-60% compost vegetable,

-

10-20% fine sand and vermiculite,

-

20-30% mixture of plant fiber fertilized with organic fertilizers and inorganic

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4. Plant coating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composition of the binder for each m3 of the mixture with the substrate (5) is:

-

30-50% flour algae,

-

10-20% stabilizer of natural hydrocolloids of plant origin,

-

25-40% retainer moisture of acrylic origin,

-

10-20% of clays bentonitics and heat treated diatomaceous earths,

-

3-10% of cement.

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5. Plant cover device according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the hydroseeding composition (8) per m2 of surface (1) of slope is as follows:

-

Water: 2 l / m2

-

mulch: 0.5 kg / m2

-

humus: 4 l / m2

-

gel moisture retainers Acrylics and minerals: 35-100 g / m2.

-

herbaceous plant seeds of appropriate species for average rainfall, temperature and slope orientation in the amount of 30-40 g / m2 according to the study of previous vegetation.

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6. Plant cover device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening mesh (6) is made of galvanized wire. 7. Plant cover device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the clamping mesh (6) is made of polyethylene geogrid. 8. Revegetation procedure through projection on a support mesh (6) of a composition that understands:

to

 \: 

-

a substrate (5), based on vegetable compost, fine sand and vermiculite, and vegetable fiber mixture fertilized,

b

 \: 

-

a binder, based on seaweed flour, cement, clay and a moisture retainer, Y

C

 \: 

-

a component of Hydroseeding (8), water based, mulch, humus, retainers Moisture of acrylic and mineral gels, and plant seeds herbaceous,

characterized in that the vegetal covering is applied on the wall of a slope or surface (1) to be covered by fixing:

-

a geotextile mesh (2) drainage, which is fixed to the surface (1) by means of bolts (3) inserted in a series of holes made on the surface (1),

-

a clamping mesh (6), which provides sufficient retention to the substrate (5) on the surface (1) applied, and which is fixed to the surface (1) by the help of each of the bolts (3), Y

-

a series of separators (4) are located between the geotextile mesh (2) of drainage and clamping mesh (6) to ensure a space enough between them, in such a way that the support mesh (6) provides sufficient rigidity to support the entire substrate (5) and thus prevent said support mesh (6) from collapsing towards the area of the drainage geotextile mesh (2),

characterized in that the substrate (5) together with the binder are deposited on the drainage mesh (2) projecting them through the clamping mesh (6).

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9. The revegetation method according to claim 8, characterized in that the substrate together with the binder are applied wet. 10. The revegetation process according to claim 8, characterized in that the substrate together with the binder are applied dry with a hydropneumatic machine. 11. Revegetation method according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the plant coating composition is applied in several layers. 12. The revegetation process according to any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that in a first stage the substrate (5) plus the binder are applied and then the hydroseeding component (8) is applied. 13. Revegetation method according to any of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the composition of the substrate (5) is:

-

40-60% compost vegetable,

-

10-20% fine sand and vermiculite,

-

20-30% mixture of plant fiber fertilized with organic fertilizers and inorganic

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14. The revegetation process according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the composition of the binder for each m3 of the mixture with the substrate (5) is:

-

30-50% flour algae,

-

10-20% stabilizer of natural hydrocolloids of plant origin,

-

25-40% retainer moisture of acrylic origin,

-

10-20% of clays bentonitics and heat treated diatomaceous earths,

-

3-10% of cement.

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15. The revegetation process according to any of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the hydroseeding composition (8) per m2 of surface (1) of slope is as follows:

-

Water: 2 l / m2

-

mulch (vegetable fibers): 0.5 kg / m2

-

humus: 4 l / m2

-

gel moisture retainers Acrylics and minerals: 35-100 g / m2

-

herbaceous plant seeds of appropriate species for average rainfall, temperature and slope orientation in the amount of 30-40 g / m2 according to the study of previous vegetation.