KR100340624B1 - Lightweight soil of expanded perlite and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an expanded perlite lightweight soil and its construction method, wherein the unit volume weight is 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 7 to 15 vol.%, And a particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 24 to 44 vol.%. Granules having a particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 29 to 44 vol.%, A particle diameter of 0.58 to 0.30 mm of 1 to 13 vol.%, A particle diameter of 0.29 to 0.15 mm of 7 vol.% Or less and a particle diameter of 0.14 mm or less of 3 to 12 vol.%. As expansion perlite having an effective moisture of 40 vol% or more, a permeation coefficient of 188.5mm / hour or more for growing expansion perlite lightweight soil; The unit volume weight is 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 40 to 60 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 25 to 45 vol.%, A particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 5 to 15 vol.% And a particle diameter of 0.58. As an expansion perlite having granularity of 10 vol.% or less in mm, it provides a lightweight soil for expansion perlite for effective drainage of 20 vol% or more and a permeability factor of 1000 mm / hour, and provides a method of constructing it for planting trees, shrubs, and grasses. These lightweight soils have excellent soil properties such as drainage, water retention, light weight, heat insulation, and durability, which should be provided as artificial ground planting soils. Especially, they have a lot of effective moisture and excellent water permeability. In the same heavy rainfall, not only prevents colloidalization of soil due to the smooth drainage, but also prevents the loss of soil to the upper part by the heavy rainfall and maximizes the storage effect of rainwater in the soil. It is not only able to secure the resources of the storm and the urban use, but also it is suitable for the characteristics of Korea's climate such as saving the cost and time due to watering of the dryer. In addition, it also has an economical advantage in heat use because it is effective in thermal insulation performance of buildings in summer and winter. In addition, the expanded perlite lightweight soil not only maintains its own light weight, but also maintains and controls the vitality of the plant itself, thereby effectively controlling the increase in load caused by excessive growth of the plant, thereby reducing the load on the building structure. Not only that, but it also plays a big role in creating a vegetation foundation in a desolate urban building in terms of urban environment, so that plants and flowers can be grown on high-rise apartments or rooftops of buildings to improve the aesthetics of the city, as well as the quality of the water and the atmosphere. There is also an effect that can promote harmony between human and nature by purifying the environment and creating green space in the city.

Description

Lightweight soil of expanded perlite and construction method

The present invention relates to an expanded perlite lightweight soil and a construction method thereof, and more particularly, to an expanded perlite lightweight soil that can be used in the construction of a green space such as a roof of a high-rise building and a method of constructing the same.

The concentration of large populations in cities causes environmental pollution, destruction of urban ecosystems and changes in urban climate, which in turn causes serious problems for urban ecology. This is not only a result of damage to nature caused by the construction of buildings and roads due to the rapid demand for urbanization and industrialization, but also a result of serious pollution of the air and the environment due to the increase of vehicles.

The only way to solve these problems is to expand and create a pleasant green space where nature and humans can coexist under the advanced urban civilization, which is much larger than the present. Video recording is increasing, but it is still in a weak stage.

Green is the CO ₂ absorbing and releasing oxygen ^{_{and, NO 2 -, NO 3 -}} , SO 4 2- , etc. of habitats can be achieved which is capable of preventing environmental pollution by adsorbing atmospheric pollutants, as well preserve the soil ecosystem and a variety of animals and plants And food to protect the urban ecosystem, and the moisture in the soil regulates the temperature and humidity, so as to suppress the rise in atmospheric temperature, and to temporarily save the rainwater during heavy rainfall to prevent the city flooding. have.

However, considering the conditions of cities in Korea, the possibility of securing green space in the inner city where the population is concentrated is very small, so artificial artificial ground, which is not used in the existing space, is used as green space. Is becoming the most realistic and desirable way.

The artificial ground includes the upper part of the bridge, various underground facilities, the upper part of the river open space, the roof of the building, the upper part of the underground parking lot, the veranda and the terrace. However, it is worth noting that artificial ground is a spatially separated state unlike natural ground, which is an absolutely disadvantageous environment for plant growth. In addition, the artificial ground has a constraint that the load applied to the artificial ground cannot exceed a certain amount depending on the architectural characteristics. As the load of the soil placed on the artificial ground as well as the increase in the load of planted plants can increase the collapse of the artificial structure, the plant can be suppressed to the maximum and the plant growth and maintenance can be prevented. The condition that the vitality of a must be good must be met.

In general, if the soil is classified into five types, it can be classified as Saturn such as Sato, Sand Soil, Loam, White Soil, and Soil. In terms of their permeability coefficient, Sato is generally 40mm / hour or more and Sand Soil 4 ~ 60mm /. hour, loam 1 ~ 10mm / hour, loam 2 ~ 5mm / hour, loam 0.1mm / hour or less, and the effective moisture retention performance is loam (18-25%), loam (15-25%), It is reduced in the following order: loam soil (15-20%), soil (10-20%), sand (2-5%).

As can be seen from the above, Sato has a high permeability coefficient performance while low effective moisture retention performance, low water permeability performance for a loam soil having a high effective moisture retention performance. As such, in general, the soil is inversely proportional to the drainage performance and the water retention performance, so it is almost impossible to satisfy the drainage and the water retention at a certain level or more simultaneously.

While overcoming the shortcomings of the general soils, there have been efforts to construct artificial ground applied soil suitable for the environment of artificial ground.

In order to solve various problems in the case of using general soil in artificial ground, in case of using organic light soil such as conventional pit (peat), peat moss (peat), rice husk, charcoal, bark, sawdust, various compost In the early stage, the soil exhibits good soil characteristics, but the soil is eroded due to decomposition of the soil due to secular variation, which lowers the soil layer, which hinders the smooth growth of plants.

In order to make up for the shortcomings, the soil mixed with organic and light inorganic materials is used, which is more effective in the short term than the soil using only organic materials, but in the long term, the decomposition of the added organic matter plays a role of fertilizer. However, the soil layer is lowered due to the erosion of the soil, so that the growth of the plant is not smooth, and there is a problem in that a manufacturing process such as a mixing process is not necessarily economical.

That is, the planting soil to be formed on the artificial ground should be based on inorganic matters because the soil layer should be preserved even after long-term change of time, and the load of the artificial structure by restraining excessive growth of the planted plant as time passes. Since the burden should be reduced, fertilization management should be easy for the healthy growth of plants while eliminating the use of excessive organic matter in the soil. In addition, to overcome the poor environment of artificial soil for plant growth, the effective moisture content must be much higher than that of general soil, and sufficient pitcher to prevent tree conduction due to the loss of soil and colloidalization of soil even during summer heavy rainfall, which is a Korean climatic characteristic. It must have performance.

Korean Patent Publication No. 1997-9279 discloses a manufacturing method that improves water permeability by improving the surface properties of soils on topsoil, and at the same time, improves water-retaining ability.As a mineral, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, etc. Was used. The soil obtained here has a water permeability of 1.2 to 33.3 mm / hour and a water content of 31 to 35%, and the water permeability and effective moisture have been improved to some extent compared to general soil, but have insufficient problems.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1999-34842 uses lightweight foamed concrete, starch, organic materials, microorganisms, etc., and inorganic and organic materials are effective in the short term, but in the long term, the soil layer is lowered due to soil erosion. Not only smooth, but also have to go through a process such as the mixing process in the manufacturing, there was an uneconomical problem.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1998-703818 uses volcanic gravel, pumice, organic matter, bone powder, etc., and its permeability is 96-156mm / hour, which shows some improvement in permeability, and its effective water content is superior to that of general soil. There was an unsatisfactory problem in terms of the Korean climate and the environment above the artificial ground.

U.S. Patent No. 5,580,192 also consists of a hydrophobic / water-retaining / soil layer composite layer, which is a water-repellent layer of sand, waterproofing waste, hydrophobic polymer particles, and a silicone or fluorine-based waterproofing agent mixed with soil. Consists of. Although the conservatism is slightly improved here, it is suitable for relatively low rainfall terrain, and it is rarely available due to drainage problems in terrain such as Korea where heavy rainfall falls in summer.

In U.S. Patent No. 5,651,213, the soil for grass cultivation was constructed using sand and organic polymers, which is a soil and grass layer that maintains smoothness against the impact from the top, and has a permeability coefficient of 50 to 250 mm / hour, which is excellent in permeability. However, the effective moisture content of 12 to 25% of the general soil is not significantly different from the high soil soil or loam soil, which is a grass-only shrub or arbor is a problem that can not be planted.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-95735, a synthetic resin sheet is laid on the floor, and a drainage layer and a growth layer of synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyester, and acryl are formed thereon, and a surface protective layer of polyester nonwoven fabric is formed on the upper layer. It is configured to form a composite structure, which has good water permeability but effective moisture is about 5%, there is a problem in plant growth and economical material.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-172898, the lower layer and the middle layer are formed with an expanded perlite growth layer having different granularity, and a sand layer is formed at the upper layer, so that the water permeability and water retention are good compared to general soil or the above-described techniques. However, the amount of perlite particles larger than 1.4mm is distributed excessively compared to other particles, which has a performance that is short of the Korean climate characteristic of long rainfall and drier.

Similar Korean Patent Application No. 1991-165165 has a problem that the effective moisture content cannot be improved because the particle size distribution of 1.2 mm or more is at least 85% and the large particle size is ubiquitous.

When looking at the characteristics of the Korean climate, heavy rains occur during the rainy season in June and July, and the most rainfall since the beginning of meteorological observations in Korea was recorded at 145mm per hour in Suncheon on July 31, 1998. The permeability coefficient of lightweight soil applied to the upper part of soil should be at least 145mm / hour, and considering the safety factor of 30%, the permeability coefficient of expanded perlite lightweight soil should be 188.5mm / hour or more. Should be However, the water permeability coefficients of the light soils are low, such as 10 to 100 mm / hour, which causes the colloidation of soils during heavy rainfall over 100 mm / hour and may cause tree conduction of planted plants when strong winds are accompanied. . In addition, since the soil layer is light, there is a fear that the soil layer may be lost from the top together with rainwater due to the colloidation of the soil layer.

In addition, in Korea, the drier, which lasts for 2-3 months every year, is repeated every year. Therefore, it is possible to promote proper plant growth only by having a certain amount of effective moisture retention performance together with drainage performance. Therefore, the soil retains sufficient moisture even in the dryer for a long period of time by having a retention capacity of 40 vol% or more, which is about twice as much as about 20 vol% of general soil of general soil such as loam or food loam having excellent effective moisture retention performance. Plants should be able to retain as much moisture as they can use. Also, by retaining a lot of water during rainfall, it should be possible to prevent flooding due to rainwater retention and to secure rainwater resources in the city.

For the same reason, the conventional techniques have the above problems because they are not suitable for Korean climate characteristics to be applied to the artificial ground, and for this reason, the actual application is not spread.

An object of the present invention is to increase the permeability coefficient than ordinary soil and conventional lightweight soil by appropriately adjusting the particle size distribution and unit volume weight of the expanded perlite lightweight soil to prevent soil layer loss and tree conduction during concentrated rainfall, and at the same time effective water content Not only to maintain the healthy vitality in plant growth in the dryer, but also to increase the watering cycle to reduce the management cost and to obtain the excellent use of rainwater in the flood and the city by exerting the excellent storage effect during rainfall. By reducing the unit volume weight and reducing the load on the building even if the soil layer is formed, the protection of the building structure and the construction cost of the structure can be reduced, and the organic matter is hardly included and the fertilization management Maintain healthy plant vitality by controlling excessive growth of planted plants To provide a lightweight soil for the expansion perlite.

In other words, the present invention is to control the particle size distribution and unit volume weight of the expanded perlite lightweight soil at the same time the effective water content 40vol% or more, water permeability coefficient 188.5mm / hour By providing the above-mentioned performance, it is possible to provide sound soil suitable for Korea's climatic characteristics and under the structural structural environment of the artificial ground, and to promote healthy plant growth while controlling excessive plant growth by fertilization management. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an expanded perlite lightweight soil and a construction method thereof.

The expansion perlite lightweight soil for growth refers to the soil layer where the plant is planted, and is directly related to the growth of the plant. The expansion perlite lightweight soil for drainage is installed in the lower part of the expansion perlite lightweight soil for growth and passes through the growth layer expansion perlite lightweight soil. It is used for the purpose of smoothly discharging a water into the drainage space at the bottom.

In order to achieve the above object, the expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention first has a unit volume weight of 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, and has a particle size distribution of 5 to 2.38 mm, 7 to 15 vol.%, And a particle size of 2.37. 24 to 44 vol.% Of 1.19 mm, 29 to 44 vol.% Of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of particle size, 1 to 13 vol.% Of 0.58 to 0.30 mm of particle size, 7 vol.% Or less of 0.29 to 0.15 mm of particle diameter and 0.14 mm or less of particle size It is characterized by consisting of expanded perlite having a granularity of 3 to 12 vol.%, And such expanded perlite lightweight soil has the characteristics of 40 vol% or more of effective moisture and 188.5 mm / hour or more of permeability.

The unit volume weight for drainage is 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc, and the particle size distribution has a particle size of 5 to 2.38 mm of 40 to 60 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 25 to 45 vol.%, And a particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm. It is characterized in that it consists of expanded perlite having granularity of 5 ~ 15vol.%, Particle size 0.58mm or less, 10vol.% Or less, and such expanded perlite lightweight soil has the characteristics of more than 20vol% effective moisture, 1000mm / hour permeability .

1 is a cross-sectional view of a construction example applied to the planting of trees or shrubs light soil prepared according to the present invention,

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the construction example applied to the planting of lightweight soil prepared according to the present invention,

3 is a micrograph showing a cross section of microexpanded expanded perlite lightweight soil (× 200),

Figure 4 is a micrograph showing the cross-section of the expanded perlite lightweight soil (* 200),

FIG. 5 is a micrograph showing an appropriate expanded expanded perlite lightweight soil cross section (× 200),

6 is a micrograph (× 200) showing a cross section of perlite crystallization.

<Detailed Description of Major Symbols in Drawing>

11, 111-Artificial ground 12, 112-Drainage plate

13, 113-Synthetic Fiber Nonwovens

14-Drainage Perflight Lightweight Soil

15, 115-Lightweight Soil

The present invention will be described in more detail as follows.

In the present invention, the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth has a particle size distribution of 7 to 15 vol.%, 5 to 2.38 mm, 24 to 44 vol.%, 2.37 to 1.19 mm, and 1.18 to 0.59 mm The water permeability coefficient is increased to 29 to 44 vol.%, So that the permeability coefficient is increased but the effective moisture decreases when it is larger than this range, and when it is smaller than the above range, the effective moisture increases but the permeability coefficient is decreased.

On the other hand, in the small particle size, the particle size is 0.58 mm or less, and the particle size 0.58 to 0.30 mm is 1 to 13 vol.%, The particle diameter 0.29 to 0.15 mm is 7 vol.% Or less, and the particle size 0.14 mm or less is distributed to 3 to 12 vol.%, If it is larger than this range, the effective moisture increases but the permeability coefficient decreases. If it is less than the above range, the permeability coefficient increases but the effective moisture decreases.

On the other hand, the particle size distribution of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage includes those having a particle diameter of 0.59 mm or more, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 40 to 60 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 25 to 45 vol.%, And a particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm. If it is larger than this range, the permeability coefficient increases but the effective moisture decreases. If it becomes smaller than the above range, the effective moisture increases but the permeability coefficient decreases.

In the particle size of 0.58 mm or less, the particle size of 0.58 mm or less is 10 vol.% Or less, and when it exceeds this range, the effective moisture increases but the permeability coefficient decreases.

In addition, even if the particle size distribution is set as described above, the unit volume weight (0.080 to 0.120 g / cc for expanding perlite lightweight soil, 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc for drainage expanded perlite lightweight soil) in the present invention is out of range. Although the permeability coefficient satisfies to some extent, but the effective moisture decreases, the unit volume weight and the particle size distribution in the present invention are inseparably related.

In more detail, the unit volume weight within the above particle size distribution range is preferably 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc for expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth, and 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc for expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage. When the unit volume weight exceeds 0.120 g / cc of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth and 0.160 g / cc of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage, the particles of the expanded perlite are micro-expanded or sufficiently as shown in FIG. As the amount of pores in the honeycomb shape of the particles themselves is not expanded, the permeability coefficient does not change much, but the effective moisture is reduced. Also, the honeycomb shape on the surface of the particles is reduced, so that the crosslinking force between the particles is reduced. The bearing capacity is also reduced.

On the contrary, in the above particle size distribution range, when the unit volume weight is less than 0.080 g / cc for the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth and less than 0.120 g / cc for the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage, as shown in FIG. Over-expansion or over-expansion cause the honeycomb-like pores of the particle itself to become excessively large or the pores break down, thereby reducing the ability to store water, thereby reducing the effective moisture and weakening the strength of the particles. The honeycomb shape of the particle surface is mostly destroyed, and the soil subsidence occurs over a certain period of time, resulting in a lower soil layer, which causes problems in plant growth. In addition, the expanded perlite on the surface of the broken particles to block the pores of the soil layer has a problem that causes a phenomenon that the coefficient of permeability is sharply reduced.

In other words, the unit volume weight of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growing within the above particle size distribution ranges from 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, and the unit volume weight of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage should be 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc. (FIG. 3) and overexpansion (FIG. 4) can be prevented, so that an appropriate expanded perlite can be obtained as shown in FIG. 5. As a result, permeability coefficient, effective moisture, and particle strength can be properly expressed. will be.

Suitable expanded perlite having a cross section as shown in FIG. 5 has a honeycomb shape similar to that of humus, and its structure is excellent in moisture retention by maximizing the surface area of a single particle, and also excellent in breathability and drainage. .

The expanded perlite lightweight soil that satisfies these conditions may be obtained according to a conventional method, but it is preferable to use the method disclosed in the case filed as the same by the applicant.

The manufacturing method is briefly described as follows; A process of storing perlite crystals by two or more particle sizes, a process of expanding perlite crystals stored by particle size, a process of storing perlite expanded by particle size, a mixing process of mixing perlite expanded by particle size to create a mixed expanded perlite, and The process of packaging the mixed expansion perlite is carried out.

The expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention obtained by such a manufacturing method is an expanded perlite lightweight soil containing no organic matter at all. Therefore, the fertilizer may optionally include a fertilizer to help the initial sticking when planting the soil layer, specifically, it may include less than 5vol% natural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer. More specifically, 5 vol.% (Liquid fertilizer: water = 1: 0 to 1: 2000) of diluted liquid fertilizer (Nonbate) may be included in the expanded perlite lightweight soil. Lightweight soils should not contain organic matter, so that expanded perlite lightweight soils can control the growth of plants planted by fertilization at any time, depending on the growth of the plants.

The inclusion of a limited amount of fertilizer is for the initial root swelling of plants planted in light soils, and should be able to fertilize a small amount of fertilizer according to the plant's vitality. This is because when planted plants grow for several decades, the load of the plant itself due to the growth of plants in the upper and lower parts of the soil is rapidly increased, so that the load burden on the building structure can be reduced to prevent the plant's healthy vitality. Lightweight soil that can control the growth of plants according to fertilization management of plants is essential because it can play the role of plants in maintaining a pleasant surrounding environment.

An example of constructing the expanded perlite lightweight soil under such conditions is the same as that of FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 shows an example of construction for planting shrubs or trees. As shown in Figure 1, the four sides of the synthetic resin material drainage plate (300 × 300 × 25mm, 12) that is open on all sides of the artificial ground 11 of the concrete building connected to each other in a row 0.5 to 2m intervals in a row After connecting and installing the drainage of the artificial ground, cover the whole artificial ground with a fabric having a drainage function, for example, a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric 113, and install the expanded perlite lightweight soil 14 for drainage to a thickness of 10 mm or more. Then, the expansion perlite lightweight soil 15 for growth is laid in a thickness of 100mm or more, and then the trees and shrubs may be planted appropriately.

On the other hand, an example of the construction planting the grass bar as shown in Fig. 2, so that the synthetic resin material drainage permeable plate (300 × 300 × 25mm, 112) is open on all sides of the artificial ground 111 of the concrete building to each other Connect all sides with a line 0.5 ~ 2m intervals and install the drainage of the artificial ground, and cover the whole artificial ground with a fabric having a drainage function, for example, a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric 113, and then expand the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth ( 115) should be installed over 50mm thick, and the grass should be planted properly.

The synthetic resin material drainage plate is a panel having a fixing function together with a drainage function, and is not limited to the material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or acrylic material. Preferably, however, polypropylene is the main component, which is used for drainage by embedding it in artificial ground landscaping, retaining walls and tunnels, or on inner walls and floors of roofs and verandas of buildings.

And, the woven fabric having a drainage function is often referred to as nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers such as polypropylene or polyester, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, if there is concern about the erosion of the artificial structure due to the penetration of the artificial ground due to the characteristics of certain plants, the roots of the plant on the artificial ground do not erode the building structure before installing the synthetic resin drainage plate that is open in all directions. What is necessary is just to install a weatherproof sheet etc., and to perform it like the said method.

As a result of applying the roots of the grass to the expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention, the particle size distribution of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth was 7-15 vol.% For particle diameters of 2 to 38 mm, 24 to 44 vol.% For particles of 2.37 to 1.19 mm, and The amount of plant root is less than that in the particle size distribution of the present invention when 1.18 to 0.59 mm is out of the range, such as being smaller or larger than the range of 29 to 44 vol.%.

On the other hand, it is possible to prevent heat conduction to the bottom of the artificial ground in summer due to the effects of thermal insulation, which is the basic material property of the expanded perlite, and the movement of moisture in the soil installed on the top of the artificial ground, and blocking direct sunlight of planted plants. The indoor temperature is lowered to around 2 ℃ on average compared to the artificial ground, and in winter, the indoor temperature is reduced to above the artificial ground, and the indoor temperature is maintained at around 2 ℃ higher than the non-installed artificial ground. . Thus, it also has an economical advantage in heat use because it is effective in the thermal insulation performance of the building.

Hereinafter, the expanded perlite lightweight soil according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Examples 1-11

Next, in order to manufacture the expanded perlite lightweight soil for growth and the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage as shown in the following Table 2, the unexpanded perlite particles were expanded in an expansion furnace at 1,150 to 1,350 ° C (the center temperature of the flame). The expanded perlite lightweight soil was prepared as the particle size distribution and unit volume weight as shown in FIG. 2.

In addition, when the expanded perlite lightweight soil is manufactured by the present applicant filed by the same method as the expanded perlite manufacturing method, the improved perlite lightweight soil manufactured by the conventional method (a method of expanding the mixed perlite crystallization in the expansion furnace) is further improved. When briefly explaining the method of manufacturing the expanded perlite filed by the applicant, the perlite crystallization is expanded in each expansion furnace by particle size to produce expansion perlite by particle size, and the expansion perlite by particle size is mixed at a predetermined ratio. It is to manufacture an expanded perlite lightweight soil having a particle size distribution to be designed, characterized in that the progress of the process is made in the direction of gravity. Such a manufacturing method makes it easier to obtain the expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention because the proper expansion of the perlite crystallization can be adjusted according to the use than the conventional technique.

The particle size distribution of the manufactured expanded perlite lightweight soil was measured according to KS A 5101. 8 (2.38 mm), No. 16 (1.19 mm), No. 30 (0.59 mm), No. 50 (0.3 mm), No. Five sieves of 100 (0.15 mm) were used to sift each particle size, and the unit volume weight was measured by KS F 3701.

In order to measure permeability coefficient and effective moisture of expanded perlite lightweight soil, the conditions of vibration frequency 60Hz, amplitude 0.55 ~ 65mm, load weight 10.99kg, vibration time 8 minutes according to KS F2345 (1995) 'Relative Density Test Method of Non-Viscous Soil' A sample was prepared by fabricating a vibration compactor that satisfies this.

The permeability coefficient was measured by KS F 2322 (1995) 'Permeability Test Method of Soil'. Specifically, the sample that was maximum compacted with a vibrating compactor was saturated with water (impregnated for about 12 hours or more), and vacuum was applied to the inside of the sample. After removing the air bubbles in the water, the permeability coefficient was measured after 48 hours.

Effective moisture was measured by the amount of water in the pF 1.5 and pF 4.2 state according to the 'Soil Physiometry' of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and the effective moisture (%) was measured according to the following equation.

Effective moisture (%) = maximum packaged water volume (vol%, pF 1.5)-moisture content at the counterfeit point (vol%, pF 4.2)

The expanded perlite lightweight soil is connected to the roof of the concrete building on all sides with a polypropylene drainage permeable plate (300 × 300 × 25mm, 12) open on all sides as shown in FIG. After installation, cover the entire rooftop with synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric (13), install the expanded perlite lightweight soil (14) for drainage to 100mm thickness, and install the expanded perlite lightweight soil (15) for growth to 400mm thickness on it. A pine tree, an apricot plant, etc. were planted properly and the condition after 1 year was observed. At this time, a small amount of slow-fertilizing compound fertilizer was fertilized every spring and autumn, and only natural rainfall was applied without any watering.

In order to observe the growth condition, tree vitality was measured using a Shigometer, and the relative evaluation was made based on the pine tree planted on the general soil of artificial ground.

Particle Size Distribution and Performance of Expanded Perlite Lightweight Soil for Growth Particle diameter (mm) Example One 2 3 4 5 6 7 vol% 5-2.38mm 11.2 14.7 7.1 9.3 12.9 7.2 9.6 2.37-1.19mm 33.8 38.2 31.5 40.1 25.2 32.3 43.5 1.18 to 0.59 mm 37.6 37.5 31.3 43.9 30.7 30.3 39.7 0.58 to 0.29 mm 7.5 3.9 13.0 2.2 12.6 12.6 2.1 0.28 ~ 0.15mm 3.9 2.1 7.0 1.1 6.8 6.8 1.1 0.14mm or less 6.0 3.6 10.1 3.4 11.8 10.8 4.0 Unit weight (g / cc) 0.106 0.117 0.084 0.108 0.089 0.109 0.112 Permeability coefficient (mm / hr) 288.3 363.9 191.1 396.2 197.6 201.4 354.5 Effective moisture (%) 44.2 40.3 50.8 40.2 47.7 48.5 40.6 Growth Tree Vitality Diagram 12 to 20 (good to excellent) Tree vitality (㏀) indicates that the higher the value, the lower the vitality.

Particle Size Distribution and Performance of Expanded Perlite Lightweight Soil for Drainage Particle diameter (mm) Example 8 9 10 11 vol% 5-2.38mm 50.2 42.7 57.4 48.4 2.37-1.19mm 34.9 43.5 26.2 37.3 1.18 to 0.59 mm 10.0 8.7 13.9 5.2 0.58mm or less 4.9 5.1 2.5 9.1 Unit weight (g / cc) 0.144 0.122 0.156 0.140 Permeability coefficient (mm / hr) 2253 1604 1850 1921 Effective moisture (%) 22.0 21.3 22.7 20.8

Comparative Examples 1 to 13

As a particle size distribution as shown in Table 3, the water permeability coefficient and the effective moisture were measured under the same conditions as in Example 1, and growth conditions were observed.

Particle Size Distribution and Performance of Expanded Perlite Lightweight Soil for Growth Particle diameter (mm) Comparative Example One 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 vol% 5-2.38mm 11.0 20.4 3.2 27.2 1.2 Specifications Loam Loam Sato 2.37-1.19mm 34.3 48.6 15.1 43.4 11.9 1.18 to 0.59 mm 37.1 19.8 49.4 26.8 31.4 0.58 to 0.29 mm 7.3 7.6 19.7 2.1 40.5 0.28 ~ 0.15mm 4.1 2.5 9.3 0.5 10.0 0.14mm or less 6.2 1.1 3.3 0.0 5.0 Unit weight (g / cc) 0.126 0.124 0.106 0.121 0.075 1.230 1.300 1.250 1.470 Permeability coefficient (mm / hr) 289.7 427 78 450 54 35 5 9 88 Effective moisture (%) 36.4 27 52 25 53 17.4 20.6 19.6 3.5 Growth Tree Vitality Diagram 17-30 (bad or insufficient) Cs Tree vitality (㏀) indicates that the higher the value, the lower the vitality.

Particle Size Distribution and Performance of Expanded Perlite Lightweight Soil for Drainage Particle diameter (mm) Comparative Example 10 11 12 13 vol% 5-2.38mm 49.7 31.5 65.8 24.1 2.37-1.19mm 35.3 32.1 24.6 58.6 1.18 to 0.59 mm 10.4 24.3 7.9 14.9 0.58mm or less 4.6 12.1 1.7 2.4 Unit weight (g / cc) 0.163 0.145 0.164 0.118 Permeability coefficient (mm / hr) 2141 457 1802 748 Effective moisture (%) 17.2 24.4 16.1 18.9

Examples 12-20

After adding the liquid fertilizer (Nenebate, Daeyu Chemical Co., Ltd.) or solid fertilizer (Nargen, Daeyu Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a compound fertilizer, to the expanded perlite lightweight soil as in Example 1, the concrete building 2 on the roof of the polypropylene drainage permeable plate (300 × 300 × 25mm, 112), which is open on all sides, is connected in one line at 1m intervals and installed on the roof drain. After covering with a fiber non-woven fabric 113, the expanded perlite lightweight soil 115 for growth was laid to a thickness of 150 mm, and the grass was planted by closely planting, and the state after one year was observed.

At this time, only natural rainfall was applied without any irrigation. In addition, after laying the expanded perlite lightweight soil under the same conditions, grass seeding and germination were investigated. In the case of liquid fertilizer, water and an appropriate amount were diluted.

Turf Condition According to Fertilization Example 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Condition Same particle size distribution as in Example 1 Liquid fertilizer Solid fertilizer Addition amount of fertilizer (vol%) 0% 3% 5% 7% 0% 3% 5% 7% Growth Grass root weight 148 163 167 167 144 157 161 163 Germination rate (%) grass 72 80 83 84 71 76 79 80

In the results of Table 5, even when the amount of the liquid fertilizer added is 7vol%, the growth and germination rate of the grass is good, but there is no significant improvement compared to the case where 5vol% is added. It can be seen that the amount of fertilizer added is preferably 5 vol% or less.

Comparative Examples 14-22

Under the same conditions as in Example 12, the condition and germination of grass after one year were examined.

Turf Condition According to Fertilization Comparative example 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Condition Same particle size distribution as Comparative Example 1 Sheep sat Sato Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer Solid fertilizer Addition amount of fertilizer (vol%) 0% 3% 5% 7% 0% 3% 5% 7% 7% Growth Grass root weight 112 117 121 124 91 100 102 102 Cs Germination rate (%) grass 69 71 73 74 53 66 69 71 5

As a result of investigating the germination situation after sowing grass seeds, the germination rate after 30 days was about 78% in the present invention and 67% in the comparative example. After that, the growth was observed, and in the present invention, after 30 days, the average leaf length showed good growth of about 10 cm.

Looking at the performance of the expansion perlite lightweight soil for the growth of Table 1, the permeability coefficient and the effective moisture showed excellent values of 188.5mm / hour or more and 40% or more, respectively. Years later, after examining the roots of the grass (the relative weight of the roots of the grass planted in the loam to which 3 vol% of liquid fertilizer was added was evaluated relative to the examples and comparative examples), the root development of the grass within the particle size distribution range of the present invention. (The good permeability coefficient is proportional to the good breathability.) However, the comparative examples show that only the permeability coefficient is good, the effective moisture is good or both the permeability coefficient and the effective moisture are Korean climate. It is not enough to satisfy the characteristics, the development of grass roots of the expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention It developed less than the particle size distribution range.

In addition, the performance of the expanded perlite lightweight soil for drainage in Table 2 is less than 15 times as much as 20 times more than the permeability coefficient of ordinary soil, and the effective moisture is similar to that of loam and loam, It can be seen that the performance is excellent.

Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, even if they have the same particle size distribution, the unit volume weight (0.080 to 0.120 g / cc for expansion perlite lightweight soil for growth, 0.120 to 0.160 g / for expansion for ferrite lightweight soil for drainage) In case of exceeding cc), permeability coefficient is satisfied to some extent, but effective moisture decreases, so unit volume weight should be appropriate as a limit condition of particle size distribution.

As described in detail above, the expanded perlite lightweight soil of the present invention has excellent soil physical properties such as drainage, water retention, light weight, heat insulation, durability, etc., which should be provided as artificial ground planting soils. In case of heavy rainfall such as rainy season in our country every year, it not only prevents colloidalization of soil due to smooth drainage, but also prevents the loss of soil to the upper part by concentrated rainfall and maximizes the storage effect of rainwater in the soil. It is not only able to secure the resources of the storm and the urban use, but also it is suitable for the characteristics of Korea's climate such as saving the cost and time due to watering of the dryer. In addition, it also has an economical advantage in heat use because it is effective in thermal insulation performance of buildings in summer and winter. In addition, the expanded perlite lightweight soil not only maintains its own light weight, but also maintains and controls the vitality of the plant itself, thereby effectively controlling the increase in load caused by excessive growth of the plant, thereby reducing the load on the building structure. There is also.

In addition, in terms of urban environment, it plays an important role in creating a vegetation foundation in a bleak city building, so that plants and flowers can be grown on the roof of high-rise apartments or buildings to improve the aesthetics of the city, There is also an effect that can promote harmony between human and nature by purifying and creating green space in the city.

Claims (6)

Unit volume weight of 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, particle size of 5 to 2.38 mm, 7 to 15 vol.%, Particle size of 2.37 to 1.19 mm, 24 to 44 vol.%, Particle size of 1.18 to 0.59 mm, 29 to 44 vol.%, Particle size of 0.58 Lightweight soil for cultivating expanded perlite, consisting of expanded perlite with granularity of ˜0.30 mm of 1 to 13 vol.%, Particle diameter of 0.29 to 0.15 mm of 7 vol.% Or less, and particle diameter of 0.14 mm or less of 3 to 12 vol.%. The unit volume weight is 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 40 to 60 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 25 to 45 vol.%, A particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 5 to 15 vol.% And a particle diameter of 0.58. Lightweight soil for expansion perlite consisting of expanded perlite with granularity of less than 10 vol.% mm. According to claim 1, Natural fertilizers, fertilizers, expanded ferrite lightweight soil, characterized in that it selectively comprises at least one fertilizer selected from the group consisting of fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, compound fertilizers and mixed fertilizers 5vol% or less. Connect all sides at 0.5 ~ 2m intervals and install drainage hole of artificial ground with one line of synthetic resin drainage plate selected from the group consisting of polypropylene-based, polyethylene-based, and acrylic resin with open structure on top of artificial ground of concrete structure After; Covering the top of the synthetic resin drainage plate and the top of the artificial ground with a fabric such as a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric; The unit volume weight is 0.120 to 0.160 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 40 to 60 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 25 to 45 vol.%, A particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 5 to 15 vol.%, And a particle diameter of 0.58. a light weight of the expanded perlite for drainage, comprising: an expanded perlite having granularity of less than or equal to 10 vol.%, in a thickness of 10 mm or more; The unit volume weight is 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 7 to 15 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 24 to 44 vol.%, A particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 29 to 44 vol.%, And a particle diameter of 0.58. The light-weighted expanded perlite soil according to claim 1, comprising an expanded perlite having granularity of 1 to 13 vol.% Of 1 to 13 vol.%, 0.29 to 0.15 mm of 7 vol.% Or less, and 3 to 12 vol. After laying to a thickness of 100 mm or more; Construction method of expanded perlite lightweight soil, characterized by planting plants. Connect all sides at 0.5 ~ 2m intervals and install drainage hole of artificial ground with one line of synthetic resin drainage plate selected from the group consisting of polypropylene-based, polyethylene-based, and acrylic-based resins open on all sides of concrete structure After; Covering the top of the synthetic resin drainage plate and the top of the artificial ground with a fabric such as a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric; The unit volume weight is 0.080 to 0.120 g / cc, with a particle diameter of 5 to 2.38 mm of 7 to 15 vol.%, A particle diameter of 2.37 to 1.19 mm of 24 to 44 vol.%, A particle diameter of 1.18 to 0.59 mm of 29 to 44 vol.%, The expanded perlite for growth according to claim 1, comprising an expanded perlite having a granularity of 0.58 to 0.30 mm of 1 to 13 vol.%, 0.29 to 0.15 mm of 7 vol.% Or less, and 0.14 mm or less of particle size of 3 to 12 vol.%. After laying the soil to a thickness of at least 100 mm; Construction method of expanded perlite lightweight soil, characterized in that the grass planting. The method of constructing expanded perlite lightweight soil according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a waterproof sheet is installed on the artificial ground upper portion of the concrete structure before installing the water-permeable plate for synthetic resin drainage, which is open in all directions.