ES2086068T3 - Bateria que utiliza membranas ceramicas. - Google Patents
Bateria que utiliza membranas ceramicas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2086068T3 ES2086068T3 ES92305208T ES92305208T ES2086068T3 ES 2086068 T3 ES2086068 T3 ES 2086068T3 ES 92305208 T ES92305208 T ES 92305208T ES 92305208 T ES92305208 T ES 92305208T ES 2086068 T3 ES2086068 T3 ES 2086068T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- maintained
- ceramic membrane
- ceramic membranes
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/12—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/287—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
SE DESCRIBE UNA BATERIA DE PELICULA FINA BASADA EN EL USO DE LA TECNOLOGIA DE MEMBRANAS DE CERAMICA. LA BATERIA INCLUYE UN PAR DE COLECTORES CONDUCTORES EN LOS QUE LOS MATERIALES PARA EL ANODO Y EL CATODO SE PUEDEN RECUBRIR DE ESPINES. EL SEPARADOR SE FORMA CON UNA MEMBRANA DE CERAMICA DE OXIDO DE METAL POROSO IMPREGNADA CON ELECTROLITO PARA QUE SE MANTENGA LA SEPARACION ELECTRICA A LA VEZ QUE, TAMBIEN, SE MANTENGA LA MOVILIDAD DE LOS IONES. LA BATERIA COMPLETA PUEDE TENER MENOS DE 10 MICRAS DE ESPESOR MIENTRAS QUE GENERA UN POTENCIAL EN LA GAMA DE 1 VOLTIO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/717,789 US5208121A (en) | 1991-06-18 | 1991-06-18 | Battery utilizing ceramic membranes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2086068T3 true ES2086068T3 (es) | 1996-06-16 |
Family
ID=24883514
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES92305208T Expired - Lifetime ES2086068T3 (es) | 1991-06-18 | 1992-06-08 | Bateria que utiliza membranas ceramicas. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5208121A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0523840B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JPH05211059A (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE137066T1 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2071435A1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69209913T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2086068T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (95)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5208121A (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1993-05-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Battery utilizing ceramic membranes |
| US5279624A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-01-18 | Gould Inc. | Solder sealed solid electrolyte cell housed within a ceramic frame and the method for producing it |
| DE4241276A1 (de) * | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-09 | Hambitzer Guenther Dr Rer Nat | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode für elektrochemische Zellen, Elektrode und wiederaufladbares Element auf Basis einer solchen Elektrode |
| US5554460A (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-09-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Multi-layered coated membrane electrodes for electrochemical cells and cells using same |
| US5705292A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-01-06 | Sony Corporation | Lithium ion secondary battery |
| US5514494A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1996-05-07 | Corning Incorporated | Battery separator |
| US5554464A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1996-09-10 | Corning Incorporated | Honeycomb battery separator |
| EP0769822A1 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-23 | Corning Incorporated | Honeycomb battery structure |
| US5738955A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1998-04-14 | Corning Incorporated | Deep-discharge battery separator |
| US5652043A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-07-29 | Baruch Levanon | Flexible thin layer open electrochemical cell |
| AU2677997A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-19 | Corning Incorporated | Alkaline battery and separator |
| CA2237457A1 (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1998-11-19 | Richard S. Bogner | Battery cell with spray-formed separator |
| US5965291A (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-10-12 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Perforated film for modifying the electrochemical surface area of a cell |
| US6153337A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2000-11-28 | Moltech Corporation | Separators for electrochemical cells |
| US6175214B1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2001-01-16 | Raytheon Company | High voltage power supply using thin metal film batteries |
| KR20050111650A (ko) * | 1999-11-08 | 2005-11-25 | 나노그램 코포레이션 | 특정 크기의 입자를 갖는 전극 |
| US6432586B1 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2002-08-13 | Celgard Inc. | Separator for a high energy rechargeable lithium battery |
| US8394522B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2013-03-12 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Robust metal film encapsulation |
| US8236443B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2012-08-07 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Metal film encapsulation |
| US8431264B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2013-04-30 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Hybrid thin-film battery |
| US8445130B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2013-05-21 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Hybrid thin-film battery |
| US7993773B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2011-08-09 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Electrochemical apparatus with barrier layer protected substrate |
| US8021778B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2011-09-20 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Electrochemical apparatus with barrier layer protected substrate |
| US20070264564A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2007-11-15 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Thin film battery on an integrated circuit or circuit board and method thereof |
| US8404376B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2013-03-26 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Metal film encapsulation |
| JP2004235111A (ja) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | Ebara Corp | イオン伝導体及びその製造方法 |
| US8728285B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2014-05-20 | Demaray, Llc | Transparent conductive oxides |
| US7396612B2 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2008-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery |
| US7914920B2 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2011-03-29 | The Gillette Company | Battery separator |
| US7557433B2 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2009-07-07 | Mccain Joseph H | Microelectronic device with integrated energy source |
| DE602005011264D1 (de) * | 2004-02-18 | 2009-01-08 | Panasonic Corp | Sekundärbatterie |
| KR100790280B1 (ko) | 2004-03-30 | 2008-01-02 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 비수전해액 2차 전지 |
| JP4781263B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-22 | 2011-09-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | 二次電池およびその製造方法 |
| KR101127370B1 (ko) | 2004-12-08 | 2012-03-29 | 인피니트 파워 솔루션스, 인크. | LiCoO2의 증착 |
| US7959769B2 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2011-06-14 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Deposition of LiCoO2 |
| US8883354B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2014-11-11 | Optodot Corporation | Separators for electrochemical cells |
| CN101523571A (zh) | 2006-09-29 | 2009-09-02 | 无穷动力解决方案股份有限公司 | 柔性基板上沉积的电池层的掩模和材料限制 |
| US8197781B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2012-06-12 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Sputtering target of Li3PO4 and method for producing same |
| US7799455B2 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2010-09-21 | The Gillette Company | Battery separator and method of making same |
| US20090291365A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-11-26 | General Electric Company | Energy storage device and method |
| US7632604B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Energy storage device and method |
| US20090233170A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-09-17 | General Electric Company | Energy storage device and method |
| US20080206632A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Wang Ruike R | Battery separator |
| TWI560928B (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2016-12-01 | Prologium Technology Co Ltd | Electricity supply system and ceramic separator thereof |
| US9231239B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2016-01-05 | Prologium Holding Inc. | Electricity supply element and ceramic separator thereof |
| US8771879B2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2014-07-08 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Lithium—sulfur battery with a substantially non-porous lisicon membrane and porous lisicon layer |
| TWI361579B (en) * | 2007-09-17 | 2012-04-01 | Htc Corp | Communication apparatus and network search method thereof |
| JP4748136B2 (ja) | 2007-10-03 | 2011-08-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 耐熱絶縁層付きセパレータ及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| US9209445B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2015-12-08 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Nickel-metal hydride/hydrogen hybrid battery using alkali ion conducting separator |
| US8012621B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2011-09-06 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Nickel-metal hydride battery using alkali ion conducting separator |
| CA2705270C (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2016-07-26 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Process for recovering alkali metals and sulfur from alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides |
| WO2009070600A2 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-04 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Substantially solid, flexible electrolyte for alkili-metal-ion batteries |
| US8268488B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-09-18 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Thin film electrolyte for thin film batteries |
| CN101903560B (zh) | 2007-12-21 | 2014-08-06 | 无穷动力解决方案股份有限公司 | 用于电解质膜的溅射靶的方法 |
| US8518581B2 (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2013-08-27 | Inifinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Thin film encapsulation for thin film batteries and other devices |
| US20090189567A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-07-30 | Joshi Ashok V | Zinc Anode Battery Using Alkali Ion Conducting Separator |
| US10320033B2 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2019-06-11 | Enlighten Innovations Inc. | Alkali metal ion battery using alkali metal conductive ceramic separator |
| WO2009124191A2 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Passive over/under voltage control and protection for energy storage devices associated with energy harvesting |
| JP2012500610A (ja) * | 2008-08-11 | 2012-01-05 | インフィニット パワー ソリューションズ, インコーポレイテッド | 電磁エネルギー獲得ための統合コレクタ表面を有するエネルギーデバイスおよびその方法 |
| US8323817B2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2012-12-04 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Alkali metal seawater battery |
| CN102150185B (zh) | 2008-09-12 | 2014-05-28 | 无穷动力解决方案股份有限公司 | 具有经由电磁能进行数据通信的组成导电表面的能量装置及其方法 |
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| US9475998B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2016-10-25 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Process for recovering alkali metals and sulfur from alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides |
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| RU2513988C2 (ru) | 2009-05-26 | 2014-04-27 | Оптодот Корпорейшн | Батареи с электродами в виде покрытия, нанесенного прямо на нанопористые сепараторы |
| CN102576828B (zh) | 2009-09-01 | 2016-04-20 | 萨普拉斯特研究有限责任公司 | 具有集成薄膜电池的印刷电路板 |
| EP2497133B1 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2018-12-26 | Field Upgrading USA, Inc. | Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator |
| US20110117413A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-19 | Yichun Wang | Alkaline Battery Separators with Ion-Trapping Molecules |
| EP2577777B1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2016-12-28 | Sapurast Research LLC | Rechargeable, high-density electrochemical device |
| PL2596538T3 (pl) | 2010-07-19 | 2019-06-28 | Optodot Corporation | Separatory do ogniw elektrochemicznych |
| US8771855B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2014-07-08 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Alkali metal aqueous battery |
| JP5858325B2 (ja) | 2010-09-03 | 2016-02-10 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 電池 |
| EP2426773B1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2017-11-29 | GS Yuasa International Ltd. | Battery |
| JP5818150B2 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子用電極、それを用いた蓄電素子、および蓄電素子用電極の製造方法 |
| EP2647080B8 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2019-05-22 | Field Upgrading USA, Inc. | Moderate temperature sodium battery |
| US10854929B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2020-12-01 | Field Upgrading Usa, Inc. | Sodium-halogen secondary cell |
| JP6032826B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-19 | 2016-11-30 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 電気化学素子用分離膜及びその製造方法 |
| WO2014179355A1 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Madico, Inc. | Nanoporous composite separators with increased thermal conductivity |
| WO2016033211A2 (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrical multilayer lamination transfer films |
| JP6030780B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-11-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 水酸化物イオン伝導性セラミックスセパレータを用いた二次電池 |
| US9508976B2 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-11-29 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Battery separator with dielectric coating |
| US10381623B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 | 2019-08-13 | Optodot Corporation | Nanoporous separators for batteries and related manufacturing methods |
| US12040506B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2024-07-16 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Nanoporous separators for batteries and related manufacturing methods |
| US10610873B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2020-04-07 | Jason D Lalli | Filtration system utilizing actuated flow control valve |
| DE102015223704B4 (de) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-10-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Membranelektrodenanordnung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, Brennstoffzelle, Abgassonde und elektrochemisches Bauelement |
| CN107275670A (zh) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-10-20 | 钟旭航 | 锂离子动力电池及其制作方法、其隔膜及隔膜的制作方法,以及用于形成隔膜的浆料 |
| JP7414709B2 (ja) | 2017-08-17 | 2024-01-16 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | オレフィンセパレータを含まないliイオンバッテリ |
| FR3080945B1 (fr) * | 2018-05-07 | 2025-05-02 | I Ten | Electrolytes mesoporeux pour dispositifs electrochimiques en couches minces |
| FR3080957B1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2020-07-10 | I-Ten | Electrodes mesoporeuses pour dispositifs electrochimiques en couches minces |
| WO2019221142A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| US11588209B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2023-02-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Ultra-thin ceramic coating on separator for batteries |
| FR3109672B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-10-14 | I Ten | Procede de fabrication d’une electrode poreuse, et microbatterie contenant une telle electrode |
| KR20240005710A (ko) | 2021-04-29 | 2024-01-12 | 24엠 테크놀로지즈, 인크. | 다수의 분리막을 갖는 전기화학 셀, 및 이의 생성 방법 |
| TW202443944A (zh) | 2022-12-16 | 2024-11-01 | 美商24M科技公司 | 用於最小化及預防電化電池中形成枝晶的系統及方法 |
| US12431545B1 (en) | 2024-03-26 | 2025-09-30 | 24M Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for minimizing and preventing dendrite formation in electrochemical cells |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB801204A (en) * | 1953-09-25 | 1958-09-10 | Erik Gustaf Hysing | Improvements in or relating to electrode constructions for galvanic batteries |
| DE1134432B (de) * | 1959-09-18 | 1962-08-09 | Accumulatoren Fabrik Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrodensatzes fuer galvanische Elemente, insbesondere elektrische Akkumulatoren, und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
| US3042732A (en) * | 1959-10-14 | 1962-07-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Anodes for alkaline cells |
| FR1441686A (fr) * | 1965-04-28 | 1966-06-10 | Comp Generale Electricite | Dispositif d'accumulation d'énergie électrique et procédé de fabrication |
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| FR1471511A (fr) * | 1965-06-14 | 1967-03-03 | Douglas Aircraft Co | Batterie pour la production d'énergie électrique |
| US3379570A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1968-04-23 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Battery containing a sintered aluminosilicate separator |
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| US5006248A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-04-09 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Metal oxide porous ceramic membranes with small pore sizes |
| US5208121A (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1993-05-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Battery utilizing ceramic membranes |
-
1991
- 1991-06-18 US US07/717,789 patent/US5208121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-06-08 DE DE69209913T patent/DE69209913T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-08 ES ES92305208T patent/ES2086068T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-08 AT AT92305208T patent/ATE137066T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-08 EP EP92305208A patent/EP0523840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-17 JP JP4157886A patent/JPH05211059A/ja active Pending
- 1992-06-17 CA CA002071435A patent/CA2071435A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1993
- 1993-05-03 US US08/056,452 patent/US5342709A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0523840B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| CA2071435A1 (en) | 1992-12-19 |
| DE69209913T2 (de) | 1996-10-24 |
| DE69209913D1 (de) | 1996-05-23 |
| US5208121A (en) | 1993-05-04 |
| ATE137066T1 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0523840A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| US5342709A (en) | 1994-08-30 |
| JPH05211059A (ja) | 1993-08-20 |
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