ES1301380U - System of prefabricated panels for self-supporting enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

System of prefabricated panels for self-supporting enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated, to generate an enclosure in the construction of buildings, comprising: - standard panels (1), each of which has the following structure: - individual blocks (4 , 5) made of polystyrene, fixed parallel to each other, forming the outer and inner walls of the panel (1), - a series of galvanized steel profiles (6), with an omega section, parallel and arranged vertically inserted on the outer faces of said blocks (4, 5), facing those on the outside with those on the inside and joined together by means of a plurality of threaded steel rods (7) that are fixed in the profiles (6) facing each other, - a protective layer (8) that covers the outer face of the panel; - Corner panels (2) made up of a polystyrene block, with a rectangular section, with an angle cut in one of its vertices and in at least one of its outer faces with a profile (6) of galvanized steel, with a cross-section omega, inserted vertically along the entire length of said panel; - Panels to form a window opening, which have the structure of the standard panels (1), of which the following are required in each hole: - Two separate side panels (12) that have a lateral profile (6) that make up the respective jambs of the preencirclement of the hole, - respective lower (10) and upper (11) panels to the opening, which respectively define the upstand and the lintel of said opening, shaped by cutting standard panels (1) with the desired height. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

System of prefabricated panels for self-supporting enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated

Technical sector

The sector in which the invention falls is the manufacture of building structures; for example, partitions; rooftops; ceilings; floors; insulation and other building protections. More specifically, construction elements of relatively thin thickness for the construction of parts of buildings, such as sheet materials, slabs or panels, and elements that provide thermal or acoustic insulation, absorption or reflection of heat or sound.

The purpose of this report is the description of a prefabricated modular panel to generate an enclosure in the construction of buildings, which resolves in a single work unit the integration of the structure, the closure of vertical walls and incorporating auxiliary profiles to complete and facilitate its interior and exterior finishing, as well as the pre-frames necessary for fixing the exterior carpentry. The panel is part of a construction system that is made up of these panels and some auxiliary parts.

The purpose of this report is the description of a prefabricated panel for acoustically and thermally insulated self-supporting or structural enclosure, designed for use in buildings, which resolves in a single work unit the integration of the structure, the closure of vertical walls and incorporating auxiliary profiles to complete its interior finish with plasterboard and the exterior with any existing material on the market and suitable for this use, and the fixing of the exterior carpentry.

state of the art

In Spain, a large part of the homes built between 1950 and 1980 present very inefficient energy conditions, since they do not have thermal insulation or an intermediate air chamber in their enclosures, which generates a large energy expenditure to achieve thermal comfort. similar to that presented by later constructions, since, A properly insulated building provides greater comfort and consumes less energy by better preserving the temperature inside.

On the other hand, the increase in energy costs associated with various socioeconomic factors, causes the construction of new homes to always be faced with the aim of achieving the best possible insulation for it, so that its future users can enjoy greater comfort. , with the lowest possible energy consumption.

Therefore, facing a rehabilitation or the construction of a building from the energy point of view, can help to improve the quality of life inside homes, reducing discomfort effects such as very cold rooms (for example those located on the North) difficult to heat, feeling cold with inadequate room temperature (due to the low surface temperature of walls and windows), very hot houses, unwanted cold drafts due to not very tight carpentry, appearance of humidity and lifting of paint on walls and windows etc

Currently, the actions aimed at improving the quality and comfort of homes are aimed at improving the insulation on facades, roofs, openings and the elimination of thermal bridges or including sun protection elements, which can improve these situations.

To thermally insulate a house, the aim is to ensure that its elements in contact with the outside air (facades, roofs, openings and thermal bridges) increase their resistance to the transfer of energy inside/outside, which is achieved by incorporating insulating materials ( generally: mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, flexible foams, among others).

The applicant is aware of the existence of various solutions apart from those exposed to solve the problem described, an example of this is the Spanish patent ES 2628 326 that describes a prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures of the type that comprises a metallic framework formed by a plurality of vertical and horizontal profiles and profiles in the form of recesses and projections for tongue-and-groove joints between adjacent panels, which incorporates a filling with a thermo-acoustic material characterized in that all the metal profiles that are part of the frame have "KLouver" type grilles arranged in their longitudinal direction in order chequering, made by deformation in the metal sheet by means of a punching procedure, generating a unilateral window on the surface.

The applicant is also aware of application ES2775022, of her invention, referring to a prefabricated panel for self-supporting or structural enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated, comprising at least one layer of thermal insulation, associated with galvanized profiles receiving a layer of elasto- cement by means of primer, and that is designed to be used both as a structural enclosure, and to be used as a thermal shelter in constructions; whether it is the rehabilitation of an existing construction or a new home. However, it is not described in this invention that the panel is modular and that it is designed with tongue and groove joints for easy and quick installation. The profiles of the panels described in the aforementioned invention are not designed to issue the assembly between each panel with the one immediately above it, allowing its connection and continuity by means of screwed plates.

Explanation of the invention

Based on the prior art, an objective of the present invention is to provide a system of prefabricated panels for a self-supporting enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated, to generate an enclosure in the construction of buildings, which has the characteristics of claim 1.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is to achieve a self-supporting prefabricated panel system that, used in construction, solves in a single work unit the simultaneous execution of the metal, concrete or wood supporting structure, the closing of the façade with the holes of lights and passage, and the thermal and acoustic insulation, leaving the aforementioned enclosure ready for its interior finish by means of plasterboard stitching and the exterior finish by means of support and fixation of any suitable material for use on exterior walls, as well as the exterior carpentry.

The materials that make up the panel and the versatility in its manufacture, comfortably comply with the technical standards and current regulations regarding structures, thermal and acoustic insulation.

This panel system includes a panel that we will call standard since it meets the characteristics of the majority of the set of panels that make up this system. This panel has the following characteristics:

- It is made up of two polystyrene blocks, which define the exterior and interior face of the panel, parallel to each other, forming two walls, interior and exterior, attached or separated by a regular distance.

- A series of galvanized steel profiles, with an omega section, parallel and arranged vertically inserted into the outer faces of said blocks, so that those on the outer face face those on the inner face to be joined together by means of a plurality of threaded steel rods, which are fixed in two facing profiles.

- A protective layer that covers the outer face of the panel, preferably made of a fireproof material.

In addition to the standard panels, other panels are necessary to form the corners of the enclosure. These panels have a block of polystyrene, with a rectangular section, with an angle cut in one of its vertices and in at least one of its outer faces with a galvanized steel profile, with an omega section, inserted vertically along the length of the panel. panel. As its own name, these panels make up the corners of the enclosure, focusing on the vertical structure or band of this structure.

Finally, other panels are arranged to form a window hole where necessary, which have the structure of standard panels, of which the following is required for each hole:

■ Both side panels that have a lateral profile, which make up the respective jambs of the pre-frame of the opening in question.

■ Two lower and upper panels to the opening that respectively make up the parapet and the lintel of said opening, which are obtained by cutting standard panels at the desired height.

The panels recommended here, allow to obtain in a single element or work unit an enclosure and a thermally and acoustically insulated structure, ready to receive the interior and exterior finishes, which considerably reduces the cost of material and labor for new construction. In addition, the main advantage and difference compared to other state-of-the-art solutions is that it is modular and has been designed with tongue and groove joints for easy and quick installation, due to the fact that its internal block is displaced laterally with respect to the internal block that makes up each panel. Likewise, it has been provided that the interior block has a lower height than the exterior block, in order to accommodate the horizontal structure of the enclosure in the hole that remains above the interior (See Fig. 1).

It has also been planned that the incorporated galvanized steel profiles allow the assembly between each panel with the one immediately above it by protruding from the upper edge of the interior or exterior panel in which it is located, and that it also allows the connection of the panels to the load-bearing structure. of the building.

In this way, the horizontal assembly of each modular panel with the adjoining one and vertical assembly with the one immediately above it allows a quick and simple construction of the enclosure.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to this specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

- Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an enclosure with a standard panel (1) and a corner panel (2) fixed to the structure (3) of an enclosure.

- Figs. 2 and 3 show various elevation views from the inside and rear face, profile and horizontal section of the respective panels (1), of which the one in Fig. 3 has spacer bushings (9) that create a chamber between the inner (4) and outer (5) blocks that make up the panel (1).

- Fig. 4 represents an elevation and section view according to a horizontal plane of an area in which a window is going to be mounted, in which the characteristics that the panels (10, 11, 12) must meet are shown. that make up that gap.

- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of one of the corner panels (2).

- Fig. 6 is a section of a standard panel (1), which has some hexagonal connectors (13), which allow metal structures to be subsequently fixed to them to form a support for ventilated facades.

Realization of the invention

As can be seen in the referenced figures, the system of prefabricated panels for self-supporting enclosure of the present invention allows the generation of an enclosure in the construction of buildings, with light and passage openings, as well as thermal and acoustic insulation, so that it remains ready for its interior finish using plasterboard plates and the exterior finish by supporting and fixing it on the existing profiles of a ventilated façade or any other exterior facing.

This system essentially comprises a plurality of standard panels (1) of fixed width and height, such that they make it possible to form a wall from the floor to the ceiling of the enclosure. In a preferred embodiment these panels are manufactured with a width of 1.2 m and a height of 3.3 m, cutting them to the required width and height, if necessary. Each of these standard panels (1) has the following structure:

- It is made up of separate blocks (4, 5) of polystyrene, fixed parallel to each other, forming the outer and inner walls of the panel (1). Polystyrene is a material structured in small black beads of polystyrene granules with expanding agents (EPS), with high thermal insulation properties.

- Parallel and arranged vertically on the outer faces of said blocks (4, 5), a series of galvanized steel profiles (6) with an omega section are inserted, with those on the outer face facing those on the outer face. interior, joining together by means of a plurality of threaded steel rods (7) that are fixed in the profiles (6) facing each other, on the exterior and interior faces to form together with the two blocks (4, 5) a panel ( 1), which once assembled constitutes a self-supporting unit with high thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics.

- On the outer face of the panel, a protective layer (8) is fixed that covers it in its entirety. In a preferential embodiment, this protection layer (8) is made of a fireproof material.

As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 5, this system also includes some panels (2) to close the corners. In general, these panels have a rectangular section, with a cut (21) at an angle in one of its vertices and in at least one of its outer faces with a profile (6) of galvanized steel, with an omega section, inserted vertically along the entire length of said panel, similar to those placed on the inside and outside faces of the standard profiles (1).

Finally, to complete this system, panels are also needed to make a hole for a window. These panels have the structure of the standard panels (1) and, in each hole, the following panels are required:

■ Two side panels (12) that have the same configuration as a standard panel (1), with the addition of a lateral profile (6) located on the side where the hole is to be, to form the respective profiles between both profiles. jambs of the pre-encirclement of said hole.

■ Two lower (10) and upper (11) panels to the opening, which respectively make up the parapet and the lintel of said opening. These panels are also of the standard type (1), and are cut to the desired height depending on whether there is a hole to be created.

In a preferential embodiment, the blocks (4, 5) that make up a panel (1) are displaced laterally with respect to each other, so that they can be attached by tongue and groove.

Preferably, the inner block (4) that makes up the standard panels (1) has a lower height than the outer block (5), so that there is a horizontal hole above said inner block (4) in which the the horizontal structure or hoop (3).

As can be seen in Figs. 3, 4 and 6, the blocks (4, 5) that make up the standard panels (1) have the same thickness; however, other embodiments are also possible in which the outer blocks (5) are thicker than the inner ones (4), depending on the insulation needs that are required.

In one embodiment, the inner (4) and outer (5) blocks that make up the standard panels (1) are attached to each other, joined through threaded rods (7). However, another embodiment is also feasible in which said blocks (4, 5) are arranged separated by bushings (9) inserted in the rods (7), forming a separation chamber between them, capable of being filled with various materials. such as mortars or thermal/acoustic protection.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the threaded steel rods (7) have hexagonal connectors (13) fixed to them on the outside of the panels (1), which in turn allow subsequent fixing to them. of metallic structures that serve as a means of support for a ventilated façade.

Once the nature of the invention has been described, as well as a preferred embodiment example, it is evident that the invention is capable of industrial application, in the indicated sector.

Likewise, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not imply an alteration of the essential characteristics of the invention that are claimed below:

Claims (7)

1. - System of prefabricated panels for self-supporting enclosure, acoustically and thermally insulated, to generate an enclosure in the construction of buildings, which includes: ■ standard panels (1), each of which has the following structure: - respective blocks (4, 5) of polystyrene, fixed parallel to each other forming the outer and inner walls of the panel (1), - A series of galvanized steel profiles (6), with an omega section, parallel and arranged vertically inserted into the outer faces of said blocks (4, 5), those on the outer face facing those on the inner face and joined together yes, by means of a plurality of threaded steel rods (7) that are fixed in the profiles (6) facing each other, - a protective layer (8) that covers the outer face of the panel; ■ Corner panels (2) made up of a polystyrene block, with a rectangular section, with an angle cut in one of its vertices and in at least one of its outer faces with a galvanized steel profile (6), with a cross-section omega, inserted vertically along the entire length of said panel; ■ Panels to form a window opening, which have the structure of standard panels (1), of which the following are required for each opening: ^or respective side panels (12) that have a lateral profile (6) that make up the respective jambs of the pre-encircle of the opening, ^or respective lower (10) and upper (11) panels to the opening, which respectively define the upstand and the lintel of said opening, shaped by cutting standard panels (1) with the desired height. 2. - System according to claim 1, in which the blocks (4, 5) that make up the standard panels (1) have the same size in width but are displaced laterally, generating a tongue-and-groove structure. 3. - System according to any of the preceding claims, in which the inner block (4) that makes up the standard panels (1) has a lower height than the outer block (5), leaving a horizontal gap above said block. interior (4) in which the horizontal structure or strap (3) is housed. 4. - System according to any of the preceding claims, in which between the inner (4) and outer (5) blocks that make up the standard panels (1) are arranged some separator bushings (9) inserted in the rods (7), forming a separation chamber between them, capable of being filled with various materials such as mortars or thermal/acoustic protection. 5. System according to any of the preceding claims, in which the outer blocks (5) that make up the standard panels (1) have a thickness equal to or greater than the inner blocks (4) that make up the same panel (1). . 6. - System according to any of the preceding claims, in which in the threaded steel rods (7), on the outer face of the panels (1) are arranged hexagonal connectors (13), which allow subsequent fixing in the same of metallic structures to form means of support of a ventilated façade. 7. - System according to any of the preceding claims, in which the protective layer (8) that covers the outer face of the standard panels (1) is made of a fireproof material.