ES2336528B2 - ARCHITECTURAL WALL FOR PREFABRICATED HOUSES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Architectural wall for prefabricated houses, which involves a sandwich structure, consisting of: a series of sandwich panels (1); an external protection of said panels consisting of a stony paint (7) and / or natural stone or artificial (6) conveniently adhered or fixed on said panels (1); a series of battens or slats of wood (2) by the interior of said sandwich panels (1); a series of boards wood particles (2) that define the inner face of the wall; Y a layer of polyurethane (4) projected on the face of the boards of particles (2) located outwards and between two slats (3) Consecutive, which determines between this layer and the sandwich panel (1) an air chamber (5).

Description

Architectural wall for houses prefabricated

Object of the invention

The present invention, as its own title indicates, refers to a wall structure that is used in the construction of prefabricated houses. It is also the subject of present invention a method of manufacturing walls for Prefabricated houses of this type.

Background of the invention

There are currently several types of prefabricated houses. Starting from a primitive wooden construction, other materials have gradually been introduced until reaching the current situation in which prefabricated houses, at least internally, are little differentiated from an on-site construction by the diversity of materials and finishes used.

The architectural walls of a house Prefabricated are mostly built using panels conventional sandwich type, which are constituted by paths metal sheets joined in the manufacturing process to a core fibrous, which can be rock wool, polystyrene or polyurethane. The panels join to form a wall, aligned with each other, through of guide recesses near the ends, by means of screws or nailing on the wall structure, arranged by the exterior a flashing plate that protects and conceals the joint.

The problem with the walls Conventional of this type is that, despite the insulating material existing between the sheets that make up the sandwich panel, being these metallic, a great condensation is formed on the inner face of the wall, which is very difficult to avoid especially in climates wet and cold

Description of the invention

Thus, the present invention aims at an architectural wall for prefabricated houses that presents some equivalent or even better insulation characteristics than Any traditional building. This wall comprises a sandwich structure that, in cross section, comprises the following layers or elements:

to)

A series of conventional sandwich panels, consisting of two metal sheets joined in the manufacturing process to a fibrous polyurethane core. These panels are aligned by conventional means. The situation of these panels in the wall assembly of the present invention is forming a outer face, which in this case will be conveniently protected.

b)

A protection of said panels on the outside, consisting of a stone and fire retardant paint and / or natural or artificial stone, conveniently adhered or fixed on said sandwich panels conventional, constituting the face seen from the Exterior.

C)

A series of battens or slats of wood, located inside said sandwich panels, which are used for fixing, placed aligned and separated from each other a precalculated distance. In In principle these slats are placed horizontal, although it does not exist a technical impediment that prevents its vertical placement or even a reticular assembly.

These slats they constitute the internal structure of the wall and are fixed in a frame perimeter, which usually also consists of slats of this type, and serve as a means of support and immobilization, while the wall manufacturing process lasts and later, of the window and door frames that are place on the wall section in question.

d)

A wood particle board, or wood, that defines the face inside the wall of the building, which is fixed on the battens or slats mentioned above, standing on a plane parallel to conventional sandwich panels, on the inside of the architectural wall, forming a double wall, separated by the wooden slats that act in this case as bridges of thermal break between the two walls or partitions of the wall.

and)

A polyurethane layer, which is projected on the outer face of the particle boards, between two consecutive slats, which determines between it and the conventional sandwich panel located in front of an air chamber that isolates the inner surface of the wall, outside.

With this structure you get a double wall, formed by a first conventional wall placed towards the exterior, conveniently protected from the weather, and a second interior wall, of wood or chipboard, with an insulating layer and a intermediate air chamber, joined only by the rails of wood, so that thermal break is achieved existing between both walls, which prevents the formation of condensation inside, while getting better thermal and acoustic insulation.

The wall manufacturing procedure Architectural for prefabricated houses described above also It is the subject of the present invention. This process consists of following phases or stages:

to)

Arrange a frame in a vertical plane perimeter of the dimensions of the wall of the prefabricated house to build, accessible from both sides.

b)

Assemble within said framework, in the suitable area, window frames and / or doors provided in that wall, through a series of wooden slats, conveniently separated, which occupy the free spaces of the existing doors and windows that also serve to maintain frames of said doors and windows in position while Build the wall.

C)

Pin up on these slats, on the inside, a series of boards of particles aligned and joined together by tongue and groove of their edges to define an interior wall.

Stages b) and c) can also be done in reverse, that is, it can be mounted first a partition of boards, conveniently tongue and groove and on this partition fix by adhesives or by mechanical means the wooden slats that make up the structure inside.

d)

Project on the slats and the particle board, from the outer face, foam polyurethane to form a uniform layer of a thickness less than the width of the slats. Before performing this operation, proceed to cover the outer edge of the slats with a band adhesive, easily removable when the foam is not yet finished to harden, which allows to leave the outer surface of the clean and smooth themselves ready to fix any element on it structural.

and)

Pin up on the slats or battens, once clean of remains of the foam projected on them, conventional sandwich panels, using screws or screws, covering the joints by means of a press fit plate.

F)

Finally, the facade is finished exterior of the wall applying fire retardant stone paint and / or plates natural or artificial stone. In a preferred embodiment, apply both finishes, the stone forming the base, the corners and the environment of the windows and doors, and the paint on the surface remainder of the facade, although the nature and distribution of These compounds are not limiting for the present. invention.

The manufacturing process described above is can develop in a factory, starting from a base structure which corresponds to the floor of the prefabricated house, are manufactured the walls with the consequent windows and doors in the places preset following the phases indicated above. Finally I know fix the cover and the interior finishes are made, the water, sanitation and electricity facilities and is furnished, if It is considered necessary, resulting in a prefabricated house that it is necessary to transport to the location, where it is only necessary to have a concrete plate dimensions according to the floor of the house and the corresponding ones connections to the facilities mentioned above.

Description of the figures

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to facilitate the understanding of characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive a set of drawings in which, for illustrative purposes and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view. of an architectural wall made according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows a view also in section transverse, perpendicular to the previous one, and by the junction zone of two sandwich panels (1).

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

As can be seen in the figures referenced the architectural wall object of the present invention comprises, from the outside in, the following layers or structural elements:

to)

A outer covering, which optionally consists of natural or artificial stone slabs (6), or stone paint e flame retardant (7). This cladding material is fixed on panels sandwich type (1), all or part of its surface, being able to logically placed in an equivalent way to a conventional house, that is, for example the stone (6) in the areas of the socket or the environment of windows, doors and / or corners and paint in the remaining surface, either, paint or stone in its entirety, or stone in the socket only and paint in the rest. Definitely, the combinations are multiple and are not the subject of this invention therefore they are not a restrictive characteristic for same.

b)

A series of conventional panels (1) sandwich type, formed by two metal sheets (12), joined by a padding are polyurethane expanded (11) during its manufacturing process. These panels (1) present at the ends (see figure 2)), on the outer face, guide recesses (13) on which washers and about screws or screws (8) through which they are fixed on wooden battens (3). Once immobilized the joint is covered by middle of a sheet (9) that engages under pressure and is normally at the same height, so that the outer surface is continuous with the outer panel sheet (11).

C)

TO then there is an intermediate air chamber (5), which remains compartmentalized by wooden battens (3) and delimited by conventional panels (1) and an expanded porespan layer (4) projected against boards (2) that make up the wall inside.

d)

How indicated above, the inside face of this wall is constituted by a series of particle boards (2), which preferably they join each other by tongue and groove of their songs, defining a smooth and continuous interior surface. Internally, between these and the outer face defined by the sandwich panels (1) there is a foam lining (4) and the air chamber (5), establishing the union between both faces, exterior and interior, by means of the wooden slats (3), which constitute a bridge of thermal breakage that prevents the formation of condensation on the face inside the wall, despite the temperature and humidity existing.

Once nature is sufficiently described of the invention, as well as a preferred embodiment, for the appropriate purposes that the materials, form, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not imply an alteration of the essential features of the invention claimed in continuation.

Claims (2)

1. Architectural wall for prefabricated houses, which includes a sandwich structure, characterized in that it comprises:

to)

a series of sandwich panels (1), conventional, consisting of individual plates (12) between which a fibrous core (11) is arranged, preferably expanded polyurethane, joined aligned with each other in quía recesses (13) near the ends, by means of screws or nailing on the wall structure and through a sheet flashing (9) that protects and hides the union by the Exterior;

b)

a protection of said panels on the outside, consisting of a stone painting (7) and / or natural or artificial stone (6) conveniently adhered or fixed on said panels (1), constituting the exterior finish of the wall;

C)

a series of battens or slats of wood (2), located by the interior of said sandwich panels (1), which are used for fixing, placed aligned and separated from each other a distance precalculated, which constitute the internal structure of the wall and a thermal break bridge between the two faces of the wall;

d)

a series of wood particle boards (2) that define the face inside the wall, fixed on the rails (2) and located in a plane parallel to the sandwich panels (1), which define the face interior of the wall of the building;

and)

a polyurethane layer (4) projected on the face of the boards particles (2) located outwards and between two slats (3) Consecutive, which determines between this layer and the sandwich panel (1) located in front of an air chamber (5), which insulates the surface inside the exterior wall.

2. Procedure for manufacturing architectural walls for prefabricated houses, characterized in that it comprises the following phases or stages:

to)

provide a perimeter frame with the dimensions of the prefabricated house wall to build;

b)

mount within said frame, in the suitable area, window frames and / or doors provided in that wall, and a series of wooden slats (3) conveniently separated, which occupy the free spaces of the doors and windows existing;

C)

pin up on said slats, on the inner side, particle boards or of wood (2), aligned and joined together by tongue and groove his songs;

d)

polyurethane foam projection (4) from the outer face, on the slats (3) and the boards (2) to form a uniform layer of a thickness less than the width of the slats (3);

and)

pin up on the slats or battens (3), once cleaned of debris from the foam projected on them, conventional sandwich panels (1), using screws or screws (8), and cover the seals existing between them by means of a sheet (9) that engages under pressure in a conventional manner;

F)

exterior facade termination of the wall, by applying fire retardant stone paint (7) and / or natural or artificial stone plates (6).