WO2012105821A1 - System for constructing buildings without cement, using sip-type panels - Google Patents

System for constructing buildings without cement, using sip-type panels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012105821A1
WO2012105821A1 PCT/MX2011/000019 MX2011000019W WO2012105821A1 WO 2012105821 A1 WO2012105821 A1 WO 2012105821A1 MX 2011000019 W MX2011000019 W MX 2011000019W WO 2012105821 A1 WO2012105821 A1 WO 2012105821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
construction
panels
sip
building
buildings
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PCT/MX2011/000019
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manuel BENITEZ PEREZ
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PCT/MX2011/000019 priority Critical patent/WO2012105821A1/en
Publication of WO2012105821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012105821A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the branch of the construction industry and in particular to the construction of buildings without cement that mainly use SIP panels (Sandwich Insulation Panels or Sandwich Insulated Panels) comprising the use of an insulating core, dress of mineral chipboard boards.
  • SIP panels Sandwich Insulation Panels or Sandwich Insulated Panels
  • reinforced concrete material arising from the integration of concrete with steel that allowed to take advantage and complement the benefits of each material.
  • the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel as well as the affinity and adhesion between them resulted in such a discovery.
  • reinforced concrete has played a preponderant role since it has allowed the creation of prefabricated construction systems, resulting in various forms of production in the search for efficiency, in reducing the weight of the elements and with it the decrease of the costs.
  • construction has not solved two basic problems faced by dissimilar construction systems today: the high weight of the elements and the high production and construction costs.
  • SIP type panels that are pieces consisting of an insulating material covered by two bonded sheets of various types of materials that allow the creation of a sandwich panel of multiple dimensions and ease of installation. cutting, handling and assembly.
  • These techniques have not achieved high durability and resistance panels because wood, playwood, OSB, or fiber cement sheets, or lightened cements are generally used as cladding boards and in many cases they are not very durable or have high production and construction costs.
  • document 4,918,895 discloses a system of sandwich-type wall panels comprising an insulating core, two metal cladding adhered to the core face and an associated edge portion that extends along a longitudinal edge of each of the metal liners where the free ends of said edge portions extend in a spaced parallel relationship with each other, to define a flanged central flange through a pair of channels and extends from the longitudinal edge of the panel.
  • it includes a pair of parallel separate legs formed by the marginal portions of said coverings and projecting beyond the core on the opposite longitudinal edge of the panel, where said legs are spaced to form a groove to receive the tongue of an adjacent panel in shape.
  • document ES2050932 refers to an invention consisting of a coupling between two interlaminar structure panels, where each comprises: an insulating layer that is covered on one of its sides with a first metal plate and on its other side with A second metal plate, each of the panels having a prismatic connection edge for coupling by means of the connection elements of another panel similar to said connection edge.
  • One of the purposes of the invention is to design a coupling of this type, in such a way as to effectively stimulate the interior ventilation and the transport of steam in the space joined by the plates, while, nevertheless, they are not affected by Adverse form properties, such as a partition of two coupled panels.
  • the sandwich panel that this invention reveals is intended as a coupling component within a system that
  • WO8401792 discloses a system for the construction of structures, in particular box-like structures, such as shelters, containers, etc., of panels comprising sandwich units with thermal insulation in their core, for example, cellular plastic, with outer foil, for example, reinforced plastic bonded thereto;
  • the panels are intended for coupling together with the edge members of heat insulating material and provided with at least one side, preferably two sides with two separate lateral flanges that project angularly if to join the panels.
  • the panels have grooves on the edge of the surfaces intended to be attached to edge members; the grooves being intended to receive the lateral flanges of the respective edge member and always in direct relation to the internal surfaces of the outer sheet of the respective panel;
  • the distance between the outer side surfaces of the flanges corresponds to the distance between the inside of the outer sheet in the grooves.
  • the thickness of the side flanges is substantially equal to the width of the grooves.
  • WO2008106859 discloses a construction technology of the sandwich-insulated thermal panel, mounted on an aseismic frame consisting of assembling the sandwich-insulated thermal insulation wall panel (1) in the seismic frame with a projection engaged in a groove ordinally, where the wall panel is formed by two outer panels (2,4) made of fireproof and waterproof boards and a core (5) made of thermal insulation material, and one side of the wall panel It has a slot (3) adjusting a projection (6) of the other part, then fixing the steel meshes (12) on both sides of the panel to connect with the preset steel cables of the seismic frame (8) and plaster grout of cement.
  • This document is not relevant because it is also a type of panel for which metal channels are used in its installation in which the pieces are inserted. This type of product is used to make light walls and then put metal sheets on the roof. With this type of piece, totally durable buildings cannot be built and it is fundamentally identified with the temporary type construction.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to use SIP panels in this construction system, as well as the use of construction elements that are made of high durability materials and excellent characteristics such as fire resistance, environmentally friendly, resistant to moisture and recyclable, obtaining very varied designs with multiple shapes and dimensions that allow designers the most diverse facades of buildings present in any type of construction project, and thanks to its versatility in terms of interconnection with each other through simple joints to erect buildings with an immense plurality in terms of types and designs.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a construction system where easily manipulable parts are used both manually and industrially, thus achieving very high productivity in the factory, and Due to the fact that this system does not use commercial cement for its coupling, a more efficient and clean building is achieved in the construction process avoiding obtaining and generating little or no construction waste. Also, the transportation of its elements is simple, has great ease of installation and provides very short assembly times, thereby allowing greater constructive speed in the works it offers.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a construction system that uses SIP-type panels which is lightweight, clean, fundamentally composed of a material in the core that is recyclable or recycled such as expanded polystyrene, PET, polyurethane.
  • the outer sheets include an adhesive or glue on the inner side and sheets of mineral agglomerates from magnesium oxide.
  • Another objective of the present invention is the use of SIP panels which are resistant to moisture and as a consequence do not allow the development of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • Figure 1 shows an expanded polystyrene sheet (1) and two sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) that will be glued to the plate using a previously selected special glue.
  • Figure 2 shows a panel (3) already created from these two agglomerate sheets adhered to the core of the insulating material and a "spline" (4) or beam formed by three or more sheets (2) adhered together which will be the element that facilitates the interconnection between the different parts of the system.
  • Figure 3 shows a polystyrene core and four sheets (2) glued together forming a column (5) and a polystyrene section and two sheets integrated into two spline (4) forming a beam (6).
  • Figure 4 shows a variety of pieces previously created to form a building, slabs (7), wall panels (3) window panels (8), door panels (9), columns (5).
  • Figure 5 corresponds to a section showing the type of interconnection between a wall load panel (3), a beam (6), a mezzanine slab (7), an upper panel placed on the first floor (3) and a cover slab (10). All the pieces are constructed of the same composite material and in all cases the spline (4) appears as a piece of interconnection and continuity throughout the structure.
  • Figure 6 represents a detail of the interconnections between the wall panels and the foundation where it is presented as a spline interconnection element (4) that is anchored to the foundation by means of expansion bolts and the panel (3) is connected to the spline by means of the glue (11).
  • Figure 7 represents a section in details showing the complementary materials used, the glue (11), the fixing screws (12) interconnected through the spline (4).
  • FIG 8 the section in a two-story building is represented in isometric where the different elements of the construction system that have been placed through joints or joints designed for it appear that allow the erection of any building.
  • Figure 9 shows several parts of the system used interchangeably as building materials in a building in which the structural support is made of metal. Facade panels (3), mezzanine slabs (7), interior panels (13) all placed as complementary pieces to the metal structural system of that building represented by metal columns (14) and metal beams (15).
  • Figure 11 shows how the new panel (3) will be inserted to the previous one already installed, a second spline (4) is placed on the one that had been left in the groove of the previous panel (3) and the glue is applied.
  • the reinforcements (18) will be placed and a panel with the spline will be inserted into the recess of the new panel by using the glue.
  • Figure 12 shows the glue (11) on the foundation spline that is placed on the foundation (20), all the spline (4) that will be the interconnections between two panels and a new panel (3) at 90 are shown degrees, for which a waiting spline (4) has been placed.
  • Figure 13 shows the glue (11) applied on the slit that will receive the enclosure (18) that will be formed by the spline (4) that will be placed on the top of the wall (19) by means of temporary fixing nails ( 17)
  • Figure 14 shows how the spline (4) is placed by means of glue (11) in the groove in the upper part of the wall (19) and then receive the cover slab (10).
  • Figure 15 shows the placement of a sloping roof by means of glue (11), fixing nails, spline (4) and roof slabs (10). In this case an additional panel has been placed on the wall to give the height of the inclination of the roof slabs (10)
  • Figure 16 shows all the components of a type of window panel, expanded polystyrene (1), sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) cut according to design, the spline (4), the glue (11), all this for form the window panel (8).
  • Figure 17 shows three different designs of decorative panels for buildings such as window panels (8) to which finishing materials (22) have been applied, another decorative panel to which a carving procedure has been applied ( 21) combined with a finishing material (22) and a third panel to which a finishing material (22) and a longitudinal carving (21) have also been applied to give a selected decorative shape.
  • Figure 18 shows how a panel (3) placed on the second floor will be inserted, for which the glue (11), the splines (4), the beam (6), the mezzanine slab (7) are also used , the fixing screws (12), all placed on the wall (19)
  • Figure 19 shows a finished house in which no cement has been used, and decorative elements (23) all of the same material of sheets of mineral agglomerates (2) cut in different shapes have been placed.
  • the present invention is a system of construction that does not use conventional cement and that, in other things, uses a new composite material, which allows a structural design to be obtained that can be subjected to various loads and functions, which consists in achieving the balance between the actions of the loads to which it will be exposed and the reaction of the construction pieces to said loads, ensuring that each piece first supports its own weight, also supports the task entrusted to it within the structure and that It also forms a part of a whole that is the building, which at the same time has been designed for the fulfillment of a specific function.
  • each piece also has a specific function and must also guarantee stability, resistance to the environment, resistance to fire and moisture and durability that allows a building to last at least the time for which It has been designed.
  • the properties of the sheets (2) of agglomerate of magnesium oxide minerals, combined with the properties of expanded polystyrene, or of any recycled material that is suitable for the purposes of the present system, and joined together by means of the selected adhesive or glue and the designed parts and interconnections allow us to achieve that each element fulfills the function for which it has been created and placed inside the building.
  • the excellent resistance to compression, traction, flexion, flexo-compression and shear stresses of each piece, as well as the low weight that these present allows to achieve such objectives within each building that has been designed.
  • the construction system is created characterized by the easy manipulation of its elements, the constructive diversity of them, very short assembly times and does not need a highly qualified staff or complex attachments to its execution
  • the elements obtained form a catalog of prefabricated parts such as panels (3), slabs (7 and 10), lintels or beams (6) which can be used individually or as elements of the system itself.
  • the process consists in designing the building first, separating it in all the pieces that compose it, after the analysis and structural design of the building have been carried out, verifying the behavior of each piece before the action of the loads to which it will be subjected.
  • the construction begins in a traditional way with the layout of the foundation (20), in this case for the system a foundation has been designed in the form of a slab or concrete plate of very thin thickness due to the fact that our building was characterized by its Low weight, but high strength and durability.
  • These foundations are well known for the universal construction technique, said foundation slab is placed on a floor, previously studied and compacted.
  • a foundation in the form of a running shoe can also be used and the only condition is that it is level to proceed with the lifting of our work.
  • the process of creating the union of the walls to the foundation is represented in figure (6) and is the one that begins the construction of the building in question and consists in the first placement of the foundation splines (4) that are placed on the slab according to the layout of the location of the load-bearing walls and dividing walls of the building in question. These splines (4) are anchored by means of glue (11) and mechanical expansions (16) that guarantee stability and correct placement. Next, the lifting of the wall panels, whether inside or outside the building, begins. These panels are fixed by glue (11) and fixing nails (17) according to the structural design that has been previously made according to what is represented in figure 6.
  • mezzanine slabs (7) or roof slabs (10) begins according to the number of floors of the building as shown in figure (8).
  • the conformation of the openings of doors and windows is done by placing lintels or beams (6) that are inserted according to the project.
  • reinforcements will be made to the interconnection pieces called spline (4).
  • spline (4) In this case they will be referred to as splines of the reinforced type that consist of the placement of metal reinforcements (18) within the inside that form the spline blades.
  • reinforcements depending on the case, may also be made of glass or carbon fibers according to the design and the loads to which they will be subjected and are represented in Figure 11.
  • the interconnection piece between the different parts of a structure with this system is the spline (4), it is placed vertically reinforcing the wall (19) before the vertical and horizontal loads, it is also placed in a way horizontal, cooperating with the slabs (7 and 10) in the taking of the vertical stresses of mezzanine or roof loads and is also placed as an interconnection element in foundation (20) and as a horizontal enclosure piece in the upper part of the walls (19) of the building.
  • the function of the spline (4) is to serve as an interconnection piece for the entire building. That is why we say that the constructive system that we are presenting is constituted by two types of fundamental pieces, the panels of multiple shapes and dimensions; and spline reinforced or not, plus the necessary supplies for the assembly process. For this reason we consider it a fully open system, because with a minimum number of pieces a great diversity of architectural forms can be achieved.
  • the first step in the process is the placement of the foundation splines (4) on a slab or running shoe with a previously level surface (20). Glue is applied to the spline and a waterproofing such as the asphaltic mastic is placed if necessary.
  • the splines (4) can be held by mechanical expansions (12), always executing the work according to the specifications given in the specific project of the work. This explanation is clearly seen in Figure 6.
  • any part of it can be taken as a starting point to start installing a new panel (3). This will be done by placing a vertical spline (4) inside the slit of the panel (3) already installed and a new panel will be placed and the panel installation process will be repeated according to the order established in the assembly project. In this way the walls (19) are created on which the enclosure splines will be placed. This is clearly seen in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
  • the glue (11) will be placed on top of the wall and the spline (4) in addition to serving as a closing element between the panels (3), it will also have the function of joining the walls (19) with the mezzanine slabs (7) or roof (10).
  • the shape of these splines (4) will be adapted to the angle of inclination of the slabs (7 and 10), as seen in Figure 14 and Figure 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for constructing buildings without cement, using SIP-type panels, in which two elements are strategically combined, namely: a system for producing SIP-type parts using an insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene or any other recycled material having the required technical specifications, which material is covered using an adhesive with sheets of agglomerated minerals based on magnesium oxide, thereby forming multiple types of parts that can be integrated into an integral system for the construction of lightweight buildings; and the design, calculation, analysis and development of self-supporting cement-free buildings using the aforementioned parts, which is the end product of this production and construction technology. Said construction system or technology has been used to produce an innovative composite material that allows the construction of buildings which offer enormous versatility in terms of form, which are very lightweight, clean and highly resistant and durable and which provide extra thermal and acoustic comfort and a good quality of life for the inhabitants, as well as being environmentally friendly. Consequently, the invention can be used to build structures or parts of structures for a lower cost than that associated with traditional constructions, owing to the low cost of the parts, the high productivity rate and the speed of execution.

Description

SISTEMA DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE EDIFICACIONES SIN CEMENTO CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM WITHOUT CEMENT BUILDINGS

UTILIZANDO PANELES TIPO SIPUSING SIP TYPE PANELS

CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se relaciona con la rama de la industria de la construcción y en particular con la construcción de edificaciones sin cemento que utilizan fundamentalmente paneles del tipo SIP (Sandwich Insulation Panels o Paneles Aislados tipo Sandwich) que comprende el uso de un núcleo aislante, vestido de tableros de aglomerados de minerales. The present invention relates to the branch of the construction industry and in particular to the construction of buildings without cement that mainly use SIP panels (Sandwich Insulation Panels or Sandwich Insulated Panels) comprising the use of an insulating core, dress of mineral chipboard boards.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

El desarrollo universal de la construcción se vio impactado por el descubrimiento del hormigón armado, material surgido a partir de la integración del hormigón con el acero que permitía aprovechar y complementar las bondades de cada material. La alta resistencia a la compresión del hormigón y la alta resistencia a la tracción del acero así como la afinidad y adherencia entre los mismos dieron como resultado tal descubrimiento. En el desarrollo de la industrialización de la construcción, el hormigón armado ha jugado un papel preponderante ya que ha permitido la creación de sistemas constructivos prefabricados surgiendo así diversas formas de producción en la búsqueda de la eficiencia, en la disminución del peso de los elementos y con ello la disminución de los costos. Al mismo tiempo han surgido múltiples catálogos de elementos y formas de interconexión diversas creando sistemas o piezas prefabricadas que se incorporan al arsenal de materiales que se utilizan en las obras por todo el mundo. A pesar del desarrollo alcanzado a nivel mundial la construcción no ha resuelto dos problemas básicos a los que se enfrentan hoy los disimiles sistemas constructivos: el alto peso de los elementos y los altos costos de producción y construcción. The universal development of the construction was impacted by the discovery of reinforced concrete, material arising from the integration of concrete with steel that allowed to take advantage and complement the benefits of each material. The high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel as well as the affinity and adhesion between them resulted in such a discovery. In the development of industrialization of construction, reinforced concrete has played a preponderant role since it has allowed the creation of prefabricated construction systems, resulting in various forms of production in the search for efficiency, in reducing the weight of the elements and with it the decrease of the costs. At the same time, multiple catalogs of various elements and forms of interconnection creating prefabricated systems or parts that are incorporated into the arsenal of materials used in the works worldwide. In spite of the development achieved worldwide, construction has not solved two basic problems faced by dissimilar construction systems today: the high weight of the elements and the high production and construction costs.

Múltiples han sido las técnicas utilizadas para el moldeado y prefabricado de elementos de construcción de hormigón armado en la búsqueda de la productividad y los bajos costos, pero en todos los casos se han usado moldes para la conformación de estos elementos, estos moldes han sido creados con diversos materiales (madera, metales, plásticos) y se han utilizado varios métodos de colados tales como, revestimientos directos, extrusión e inyección. La elaboración de estas piezas ha exigido de altos costos de formaletas y de etapas engorrosas con la conformación y ensamblaje de los moldes incluyendo el desencofre o desmontaje de los mismos. También se han ideado sistemas de amoldado y extrusión con maquinas que resultan altamente costosas . Multiple techniques have been used for the molding and prefabrication of reinforced concrete construction elements in the search for productivity and low costs, but in all cases molds have been used for the conformation of these elements, these molds have been created with various materials (wood, metals, plastics) and various casting methods such as direct coatings, extrusion and injection have been used. The elaboration of these pieces has demanded high costs of formaletas and cumbersome stages with the conformation and assembly of the molds including the disassembly or disassembly of the same. Molding and extrusion systems have also been devised with highly expensive machines.

Al mismo tiempo en la búsqueda de la disminución del peso de los elementos se han ideado formulaciones y mezclas muy variadas tales como los hormigones celulares, hormigones espumógenos, hormigones aligerados con arcillas expandidas o perlas expandidas de poliestireno utilizadas como áridos en su composición pero en todos los casos se ha perdido entonces la propiedad de alta resistencia a la compresión y al mismo tiempo la capacidad portante que identifica al hormigón o en otros los costos resultan tan altos que no se hace valida su utilización. At the same time, in the search for the reduction of the weight of the elements, very varied formulations and mixtures have been devised such as cell concrete, foam concrete, lightened concrete with expanded clays or expanded polystyrene beads used as aggregates in its composition but in all the cases have then the property of high resistance to compression is lost and at the same time the bearing capacity that identifies the concrete or in others the costs are so high that its use is not validated.

Con el surgimiento del poliestireno expandido han surgido diferentes sistemas que aprovechan su poco peso, asi como sus bondades térmicas, su estabilidad, y su fácil transformación. Esto ha provocado que su incorporación a la construcción haya sido progresiva y acelerada en los últimos tiempos. With the emergence of expanded polystyrene, different systems have emerged that take advantage of its low weight, as well as its thermal benefits, its stability, and its easy transformation. This has caused that its incorporation into the construction has been progressive and accelerated in recent times.

Se reporta en la bibliografía el uso del poliestireno expandido utilizado fundamentalmente como aislante térmico en edificaciones de todo tipo en paredes y techos. The use of expanded polystyrene used primarily as a thermal insulator in buildings of all types in walls and ceilings is reported in the literature.

Existen otros sistemas constructivos comercializados con diferentes marcas, donde se emplea el poliestireno expandido, en la mayoría de los casos los paneles se recubren con una malla de refuerzo de metal o de fibras y a pie de obra se les coloca el mortero de revestimiento con maquinas especializadas o a mano, formando así la estructura de la edificación. Este sistema implica el uso de máquinas a pie de obra para la conformación de la estructura encareciendo los costos de la edificación. There are other construction systems marketed with different brands, where expanded polystyrene is used, in most cases the panels are covered with a reinforcing mesh of metal or fibers and on site the mortar is placed with specialized machines or by hand, thus forming the structure of the building. This system implies the use of machines on site for the conformation of the structure, making the building costs more expensive.

Son conocidos diferentes sistemas en los cuales dicho poliestireno se interconecta con canales metálicas para formar la estructura, finalmente se coloca entre dichas canales paneles de paredes delgadas de cemento o yeso atornilladas al metal. Hay otros sistemas constructivos que se conforman de bloques huecos de poliestireno expandido, los que sirven de cofre perdido y luego se coloca a través de ellos el hormigón en obra, para lo que se necesita de un bombeo constante de hormigón. Esto hace que las edificaciones sean muy pesadas y costosas. Different systems are known in which said polystyrene is interconnected with metal channels to form the structure, finally placed between said channels thin-walled panels of cement or plaster bolted to the metal. There are other construction systems that are made up of hollow blocks of expanded polystyrene, which serve as a lost chest and then concrete is placed through them on site, for which a constant pumping of concrete is needed. This makes buildings very heavy and expensive.

También son conocidos los sistemas de construcción de edificios a partir de los paneles del tipo SIP que son piezas constituidas por un material aislante revestido por dos láminas pegadas de diversos tipos de materiales que permiten la creación de un panel tipo sándwich de múltiples dimensiones y facilidades de corte, manipulación y montaje. Estas técnicas no han logrado paneles de alta durabilidad Y resistencia debido a que de forma general se utiliza como tableros de revestimiento la madera, el playwood, el OSB, o láminas de fibrocemento, o de cementos aligerados y en muchos de los casos resultan poco duraderas o tienen altos costos de producción y construcción. Also known are building construction systems from SIP type panels that are pieces consisting of an insulating material covered by two bonded sheets of various types of materials that allow the creation of a sandwich panel of multiple dimensions and ease of installation. cutting, handling and assembly. These techniques have not achieved high durability and resistance panels because wood, playwood, OSB, or fiber cement sheets, or lightened cements are generally used as cladding boards and in many cases they are not very durable or have high production and construction costs.

Dado lo anterior, tenemos que, por ejemplo, el documento 4,918,895 revela un sistema de paneles de pared tipo sándwich que comprende un núcleo aislante, dos revestimientos de metal adheridos las cara del núcleo y una porción de borde asociada que se extiende a lo largo de un borde longitudinal de cada uno de los revestimientos metálicos donde los extremos libres de dichas porciones de borde se extienden en una relación espaciada paralela entre si, para definir una lengüeta central de unión flanqueada por un par de canales y se extiende desde el borde longitudinal del panel. Además, incluye un par de piernas separadas paralelas formadas por las porciones marginales de dichos revestimientos y proyectándose más allá del núcleo en el borde longitudinal opuesto del panel, donde dichas piernas están espaciadas para formar una ranura para recibir la lengüeta de un panel adyacente de forma similar y las piernas luego siendo alojadas dentro de los canales del panel adyacente y en por lo menos un conector rígido, insertado entre las porciones del borde que conecta dicha lengüeta formando extremos libres para impedir el movimiento de las porciones del borde hacia y lejos una de la otra. Este documento no es relevante para la presente invención por tratarse de un tipo de panel de revestimiento metálico, con enganches mecánicos que presenta grandes diferencias y desventajas al no servir para muchas edificaciones en las que la vida útil necesaria es más grande. Este panel presentado y los diseños de las piezas para su instalación que lo componen tienen una utilización más limitada a edificaciones del tipo temporales, debido a que el efecto de la corrosión sobre los metales destruye muy rápido las laminas de revestimiento y con ello la capacidad del edificio de seguir su función por un largo periodo de tiempo. Given the above, we have, for example, document 4,918,895 discloses a system of sandwich-type wall panels comprising an insulating core, two metal cladding adhered to the core face and an associated edge portion that extends along a longitudinal edge of each of the metal liners where the free ends of said edge portions extend in a spaced parallel relationship with each other, to define a flanged central flange through a pair of channels and extends from the longitudinal edge of the panel. In addition, it includes a pair of parallel separate legs formed by the marginal portions of said coverings and projecting beyond the core on the opposite longitudinal edge of the panel, where said legs are spaced to form a groove to receive the tongue of an adjacent panel in shape. similar and the legs then being housed within the channels of the adjacent panel and in at least one rigid connector, inserted between the portions of the edge connecting said tongue forming free ends to prevent movement of the portions of the edge towards and away from one of the other. This document is not relevant for the present invention because it is a type of metal cladding panel, with mechanical hooks that presents great differences and disadvantages as it does not serve many buildings where the necessary useful life is longer. This panel presented and the designs of the pieces for its installation that compose it have a more limited use to temporary buildings, because the effect of corrosion on metals destroys very quickly the cladding sheets and with it the capacity of the Building continue its function for a long period of time.

Asimismo, el documento ES2050932 se refiere a un invento que consta de un acoplamiento entre dos paneles de estructura interlaminar, donde cada uno comprende: una capa aislante que esta cubierta en uno de sus lados con una primera plancha de metal y en su otro lado con una segunda plancha de metal, teniendo cada uno de los paneles un borde de conexión prismático para acoplamiento por medio de los elementos de conexión de otro panel similar a dicho borde de conexión. Una de las finalidades del invento es diseñar un acoplamiento de este tipo, de tal forma que se estimule efectivamente la ventilación interior y el transporte de vapor en el espacio unido por las planchas, a la vez que, pese a ello, no se afecten de forma adversa las propiedades, como por ejemplo una partición de dos paneles acoplados. El panel tipo sándwich que este invento revela pretende ser un componente de acoplamiento dentro de un sistema que

Figure imgf000008_0001
Likewise, document ES2050932 refers to an invention consisting of a coupling between two interlaminar structure panels, where each comprises: an insulating layer that is covered on one of its sides with a first metal plate and on its other side with A second metal plate, each of the panels having a prismatic connection edge for coupling by means of the connection elements of another panel similar to said connection edge. One of the purposes of the invention is to design a coupling of this type, in such a way as to effectively stimulate the interior ventilation and the transport of steam in the space joined by the plates, while, nevertheless, they are not affected by Adverse form properties, such as a partition of two coupled panels. The sandwich panel that this invention reveals is intended as a coupling component within a system that
Figure imgf000008_0001

también se reivindica. Este documento no es relevante para la invención reivindicada por tratarse también de un tipo de panel de revestimiento metálico, con diferentes diseños de interconexiones mecánicas que presenta grandes diferencias y desventajas al estar limitado también a edificaciones del tipo rápidas y temporales y no ofrecer una vida útil alargada de los materiales que lo conforman. Además, su apariencia de durabilidad y resistencia está ligada al tipo de edificio temporal. También está propuesta está limitada a un tipo de panel revestido con metal y a sus interconexiones y no a un sistema integral de edificaciones duraderas y resistentes. It is also claimed. This document is not relevant to the claimed invention because it is also a type of metal cladding panel, with different designs of mechanical interconnections that have great differences and disadvantages as it is also limited to fast and temporary buildings and does not offer a useful life. elongated of the materials that make it up. In addition, its appearance of durability and resistance is linked to the type of temporary building. It is also proposed to be limited to a type of metal clad panel and its interconnections and not to an integral system of durable and resistant buildings.

También existe el documento WO8401792, el cual revela un sistema para la construcción de estructuras, en particular estructuras tipo caja, tales como refugios, contenedores, etc., de paneles que comprende unidades tipo sándwich con aislamiento térmico en su núcleo, por ejemplo, de plástico celular, con lámina exterior, por ejemplo, de plástico reforzado unido a ella; los paneles están destinados para el acoplamiento junto con los miembros de borde de material aislante de calor y provistos al menos de un lado, preferentemente dos lados con dos bridas separadas laterales que se proyectan angularmente si a para juntar a los paneles. Los paneles cuentan con ranuras en el borde de las superficies destinadas a ser unidos a miembros de borde; las ranuras siendo destinadas a recibir las bridas laterales del miembro de borde respectivo y siempre en relación directa con la superficies internas de la lámina externa del panel respectivo; la distancia entre las superficies laterales exteriores de las bridas corresponde a la distancia entre el interior de la lamina externa en las ranuras. El grosor de las pestañas laterales es sustancialmente igual a la anchura de las ranuras. Miembros especiales esquina se utilizan en las esquinas, y se juntan con los miembros de borde y los paneles para que se obtengan exteriores e interiores enteramente lisos, asi como la transferencia de carga en todos los lados. Este documento presenta un conjunto de tipos de uniones para el acoplamiento de paneles del tipo SIP y no un sistema integral de construcción y de ahí la principal desventaja que presenta respecto a la invención propuesta por lo que no es relevante por tratarse también del diseño solo de juntas e interconexiones y no de la utilización de un sistema completo de construcción de edificios como la propuesta que estamos presentando. El documento WO2008106859 describe una tecnología de construcción del panel de pared con aislamiento térmico tipo sándwich, montado sobre un bastidor asísmico que consiste en ensamblar el panel de pared con aislamiento térmico tipo sándwich (1) en el marco asísmico con una proyección enganchada en una ranura ordinalmente, en donde el panel de pared está formado por dos tableros exteriores (2,4) hechos de tableros a prueba de incendios y a prueba de agua y un núcleo (5) hecho de material de aislamiento térmico, y un lado del panel de pared tiene una ranura (3) ajustando una proyección (6) de la otra parte, a continuación, fijando las mallas de acero (12) en ambos lados del panel para conectar con los cables de acero preajustados del bastidor asísmico (8) y escayolando lechada de cemento. Este documento no es relevante por tratarse también de un tipo de panel para el cual se utilizan canales metálicas en su instalación en las que se van insertando las piezas. Este tipo de producto lo utilizan para hacer paredes ligeras y después colocan en la cubierta laminas metálicas. Con este tipo de pieza no se pueden construir edificaciones totalmente duraderas y se identifica fundamentalmente con la construcción de tipo temporal . There is also document WO8401792, which discloses a system for the construction of structures, in particular box-like structures, such as shelters, containers, etc., of panels comprising sandwich units with thermal insulation in their core, for example, cellular plastic, with outer foil, for example, reinforced plastic bonded thereto; The panels are intended for coupling together with the edge members of heat insulating material and provided with at least one side, preferably two sides with two separate lateral flanges that project angularly if to join the panels. The panels have grooves on the edge of the surfaces intended to be attached to edge members; the grooves being intended to receive the lateral flanges of the respective edge member and always in direct relation to the internal surfaces of the outer sheet of the respective panel; The distance between the outer side surfaces of the flanges corresponds to the distance between the inside of the outer sheet in the grooves. The thickness of the side flanges is substantially equal to the width of the grooves. Special corner members are used at the corners, and are joined with the edge members and the panels so that completely smooth exteriors and interiors are obtained, as well as load transfer on all sides. This document presents a set of types of joints for the coupling of panels of the SIP type and not an integral construction system and hence the main disadvantage that it presents with respect to the proposed invention so it is not relevant because it is also the design of only boards and interconnections and not the use of a complete building construction system as the proposal we are presenting. WO2008106859 discloses a construction technology of the sandwich-insulated thermal panel, mounted on an aseismic frame consisting of assembling the sandwich-insulated thermal insulation wall panel (1) in the seismic frame with a projection engaged in a groove ordinally, where the wall panel is formed by two outer panels (2,4) made of fireproof and waterproof boards and a core (5) made of thermal insulation material, and one side of the wall panel It has a slot (3) adjusting a projection (6) of the other part, then fixing the steel meshes (12) on both sides of the panel to connect with the preset steel cables of the seismic frame (8) and plaster grout of cement. This document is not relevant because it is also a type of panel for which metal channels are used in its installation in which the pieces are inserted. This type of product is used to make light walls and then put metal sheets on the roof. With this type of piece, totally durable buildings cannot be built and it is fundamentally identified with the temporary type construction.

Lo antes expuesto se aprecia que los sistemas conocidos presentan varias desventajas, además de que se obtienen elementos de construcción pesados o poco duraderos o elementos del tipo temporales que resultan en la utilización de materiales costosos y contaminantes, que además necesitan de una industrialización compleja en su producción, demandan de mano de obra calificada y especializada todo lo que trae a la obra costos altos de construcción y un impacto ambiental considerable. The aforementioned shows that the known systems have several disadvantages, in addition to obtaining heavy or not very durable construction elements or temporary elements that result in the use of expensive and polluting materials, which also need a complex industrialization in their production, demand skilled labor and specialized everything that brings high construction costs and a considerable environmental impact.

SUMARIO DE LA INVENCIÓN SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Es un objetivo de la presente invención brindar un sistema de construcción para edificios, poco costoso, limpio e innovador que supera todas las desventajas de las tecnologías debido a que no utiliza cemento convencional para la construcción, utilizando para ello paneles tipo SIP. It is an objective of the present invention to provide a construction system for buildings, inexpensive, clean and innovative that overcomes all the disadvantages of technologies because it does not use conventional cement for construction, using SIP type panels.

Otro objetivo de la presente invención es utilizar los paneles tipo SIP en este sistema de construcción, así como el uso de elementos constructivos que hechos de materiales de alta durabilidad y excelentes características como la resistencia al fuego, amigables con el medio ambiente, resistentes a la humedad y reciclables, lográndose obtener diseños muy variados con múltiples formas y dimensiones que permiten a los diseñadores las más diversas fachadas de edificios presentes en cualquier tipo de proyecto constructivo, y gracias a su versatilidad en cuanto a la interconexión entre si mediante uniones simples para erigir edificaciones con una pluralidad inmensa en cuanto a tipos y diseños. Another objective of the present invention is to use SIP panels in this construction system, as well as the use of construction elements that are made of high durability materials and excellent characteristics such as fire resistance, environmentally friendly, resistant to moisture and recyclable, obtaining very varied designs with multiple shapes and dimensions that allow designers the most diverse facades of buildings present in any type of construction project, and thanks to its versatility in terms of interconnection with each other through simple joints to erect buildings with an immense plurality in terms of types and designs.

Un objetivo más de la presente invención es brindar un sistema de construcción en donde se utilicen piezas fácilmente manipulables tanto manual como industrialmente, alcanzando así altísima productividad en la fábrica, y debido al que este sistema no utiliza cemento comercial para su acoplamiento se logra una edificación más eficiente y limpia en el proceso constructivo evitando obtener y generar pocos o nulos desechos en la construcción. Asimismo, la transportación de sus elementos es sencilla, posee gran facilidad de instalación y brinda tiempos muy cortos de montaje, permitiendo con ello una mayor rapidez constructiva en las obras que ofrece. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a construction system where easily manipulable parts are used both manually and industrially, thus achieving very high productivity in the factory, and Due to the fact that this system does not use commercial cement for its coupling, a more efficient and clean building is achieved in the construction process avoiding obtaining and generating little or no construction waste. Also, the transportation of its elements is simple, has great ease of installation and provides very short assembly times, thereby allowing greater constructive speed in the works it offers.

Otro objetivo de la presente invención es proporcionar un sistema de construcción que utilice paneles tipo SIP el cual es de peso ligero, limpio, integrado fundamentalmente por un material en el núcleo que es reciclable o reciclado tal como el poliestireno expandido, el PET, el poliuretano, y las laminas externas incluyen en la cara interna un adhesivo o pegamento y láminas de aglomerados de minerales a partir de óxido de magnesio. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a construction system that uses SIP-type panels which is lightweight, clean, fundamentally composed of a material in the core that is recyclable or recycled such as expanded polystyrene, PET, polyurethane. , and the outer sheets include an adhesive or glue on the inner side and sheets of mineral agglomerates from magnesium oxide.

Más aún, otro objetivo de la presente invención es la utilización de paneles tipo SIP los cuales son resistentes a la humedad y como consecuencia no permiten el desarrollo de microorganismos tales como bacterias y hongos . Moreover, another objective of the present invention is the use of SIP panels which are resistant to moisture and as a consequence do not allow the development of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

Las desventajas de los sistemas conocidos en la materia y descritos anteriormente son superadas con sistema de construcción de la presente invención, debido a que se ensambla sin el uso de cemento convencional y al uso de los paneles tipo SIP, de los cuales se han integrado dos elementos fundamentales que son: • Procedimiento especializado de producción de paneles tipo SIP que comprende el uso de un núcleo aislante, vestido de tableros de aglomerados de minerales a partir del oxido de magnesio. The disadvantages of the systems known in the art and described above are overcome with the construction system of the present invention, because it is assembled without the use of conventional cement and the use of SIP type panels, of which two have been integrated. fundamental elements that are: • Specialized procedure for the production of SIP-type panels that includes the use of an insulating core, dressed in mineral chipboard from magnesium oxide.

• Procedimiento de diseño, cálculo, análisis y proyecto de edificios sin cemento auto portantes, mediante estas piezas denominadas como el sistema constructivo integral . • Procedure for the design, calculation, analysis and project of self-supporting cement-free buildings, using these parts called the integral construction system.

La combinación estratégica de estos procedimientos que ha resultado en el sistema de la presente invención, ha permitido por un lado la producción de un innovador material que garantiza la construcción de edificaciones de gran ligereza, de alta resistencia y de gran durabilidad, dotadas además de un gran confort para los habitantes de las mismas y con costos inferiores a los que se dan en las construcciones tradicionales, debido a la economía de las piezas así como la gran productividad de producción y la rapidez de las construcciones. The strategic combination of these procedures that has resulted in the system of the present invention, has allowed on the one hand the production of an innovative material that guarantees the construction of buildings of great lightness, high strength and high durability, also equipped with a great comfort for the inhabitants of the same and with lower costs than those that occur in traditional constructions, due to the economy of the pieces as well as the high productivity of production and the speed of the constructions.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE INVENTION

La Figura 1 muestra una plancha de poliestireno expandido (1) y dos láminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) que serán pegadas a la plancha mediante un pegamento especial previamente seleccionado. La Figura 2 muestra un panel (3) ya creado a partir de estas dos láminas de aglomerado adheridas al núcleo del material aislante y un "spline" (4) o viga formada por tres o más láminas (2) adheridas entre si que será el elemento que facilita la interconexión entre las diferentes piezas del sistema. Figure 1 shows an expanded polystyrene sheet (1) and two sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) that will be glued to the plate using a previously selected special glue. Figure 2 shows a panel (3) already created from these two agglomerate sheets adhered to the core of the insulating material and a "spline" (4) or beam formed by three or more sheets (2) adhered together which will be the element that facilitates the interconnection between the different parts of the system.

La Figura 3 muestra un núcleo de poliestireno y cuatro láminas (2) pegadas formando una columna (5) y una sección de poliestireno y dos láminas integradas a dos spline (4) formando una viga (6). Figure 3 shows a polystyrene core and four sheets (2) glued together forming a column (5) and a polystyrene section and two sheets integrated into two spline (4) forming a beam (6).

La Figura 4 muestra una variedad de piezas previamente creadas para conformar un edificio, losas (7), paneles para muros (3) paneles para ventanas (8), paneles para puertas (9), columnas (5). Figure 4 shows a variety of pieces previously created to form a building, slabs (7), wall panels (3) window panels (8), door panels (9), columns (5).

La Figura 5 corresponde a un corte donde aparece el tipo de interconexión entre un panel de carga de pared (3) , una viga (6), una losa de entrepiso (7), un panel superior colocado en el primer piso (3) y una losa de cubierta (10) . Todas las piezas están construidas por el mismo material compuesto y en todos los casos aparece el spline (4) como pieza de interconexión y continuidad en toda la estructura . Figure 5 corresponds to a section showing the type of interconnection between a wall load panel (3), a beam (6), a mezzanine slab (7), an upper panel placed on the first floor (3) and a cover slab (10). All the pieces are constructed of the same composite material and in all cases the spline (4) appears as a piece of interconnection and continuity throughout the structure.

La Figura 6 representa un detalle de las interconexiones entre los paneles de pared y el cimiento donde se presenta como elemento de interconexión spline (4) que va anclado al cimiento mediante pernos de expansión y a su vez el panel (3) se conecta al spline mediante el pegamento (11 ) . Figure 6 represents a detail of the interconnections between the wall panels and the foundation where it is presented as a spline interconnection element (4) that is anchored to the foundation by means of expansion bolts and the panel (3) is connected to the spline by means of the glue (11).

La Figura 7 representa una sección en detalles donde se muestran los materiales complementarios utilizados, el pegamento (11) , los tornillos de fijación (12) interconectados a través del spline (4). Figure 7 represents a section in details showing the complementary materials used, the glue (11), the fixing screws (12) interconnected through the spline (4).

En la Figura 8 se representan en isométrico el corte en un edificio de dos pisos donde aparecen los diferentes elementos del sistema constructivo que se han colocado a través de uniones o juntas diseñadas para el mismo que permiten erigir una edificación cualquiera. Paneles (3), Vigas (6) losas de entrepiso (7), columnas (5), paneles interiores (13), losas de cubierta (10). In Figure 8 the section in a two-story building is represented in isometric where the different elements of the construction system that have been placed through joints or joints designed for it appear that allow the erection of any building. Panels (3), Beams (6) mezzanine slabs (7), columns (5), interior panels (13), roof slabs (10).

En la Figura 9 se muestran varias piezas del sistema utilizadas indistintamente como materiales de construcción en una edificación en la cual el soporte estructural es de metal. Paneles de fachada (3), losas de entrepiso (7), paneles interiores (13) todos colocados como piezas complementarias al sistema estructural metálico de esa edificación representado por las columnas metálicas (14) y las vigas metálicas (15) . Figure 9 shows several parts of the system used interchangeably as building materials in a building in which the structural support is made of metal. Facade panels (3), mezzanine slabs (7), interior panels (13) all placed as complementary pieces to the metal structural system of that building represented by metal columns (14) and metal beams (15).

En la Figura 10 se muestra los detalles de interconexión de un panel de pared y el cimiento, se coloca el spline de trazado que formara el cimiento al cual se le coloca el pegamento (11), se coloca después el panel 3 y se colocan los spline (4) por medio de pegamento (11) y asi se inicia el levante de la edificación. The interconnection details of a wall panel and the foundation are shown in Figure 10, the layout spline that will form the foundation to which the glue (11) is placed is placed, then panel 3 is placed and place the spline (4) by means of glue (11) and so the building lift begins.

En la Figura 11 se muestra como se insertara el nuevo panel (3) al anterior ya instalado, se coloca un segundo spline (4) sobre el que había quedado en la hendidura del panel (3) anterior y se le aplica el pegamento. En el caso que la estructura lo requiera se colocaran los refuerzos (18) y se insertara un panel con el spline dentro de la hendidura del nuevo panel mediante el uso del pegamento. Figure 11 shows how the new panel (3) will be inserted to the previous one already installed, a second spline (4) is placed on the one that had been left in the groove of the previous panel (3) and the glue is applied. In the case that the structure requires it, the reinforcements (18) will be placed and a panel with the spline will be inserted into the recess of the new panel by using the glue.

En la Figura 12 se muestra el pegamento (11) sobre el spline de cimiento que esta colocado sobre el cimiento (20), se muestran todos los spline (4) que serán las interconexiones entre dos paneles y un nuevo panel (3) a 90 grados, para lo que se ha colocado un spline (4) de espera. Figure 12 shows the glue (11) on the foundation spline that is placed on the foundation (20), all the spline (4) that will be the interconnections between two panels and a new panel (3) at 90 are shown degrees, for which a waiting spline (4) has been placed.

En la Figura 13 se muestra el pegamento (11) aplicado sobre la hendidura que recibirá el cerramiento (18) que estará formado por el spline (4) que se colocara en la parte superior del muro (19) mediante los clavos de fijación temporal (17) Figure 13 shows the glue (11) applied on the slit that will receive the enclosure (18) that will be formed by the spline (4) that will be placed on the top of the wall (19) by means of temporary fixing nails ( 17)

En la Figura 14 se muestra como el spline (4) se coloca mediante pegamento (11) en la hendidura de la parte superior del muro (19) para después recibir la losa de cubierta (10) . En la Figura 15 se muestra la colocación de una cubierta inclinada mediante el pegamento (11), los clavos de fijación, los spline (4) y las losas de cubierta (10) . En este caso se ha colocado un panel adicional sobre el muro para dar la altura de la inclinación de las losas de cubierta (10) Figure 14 shows how the spline (4) is placed by means of glue (11) in the groove in the upper part of the wall (19) and then receive the cover slab (10). Figure 15 shows the placement of a sloping roof by means of glue (11), fixing nails, spline (4) and roof slabs (10). In this case an additional panel has been placed on the wall to give the height of the inclination of the roof slabs (10)

En la Figura 16 se muestran todos los componentes de un tipo de panel de ventana, poliestireno expandido (1), láminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) cortadas según diseño, los spline (4), el pegamento (11), todo esto para conformar el panel de ventana (8) . Figure 16 shows all the components of a type of window panel, expanded polystyrene (1), sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) cut according to design, the spline (4), the glue (11), all this for form the window panel (8).

En la Figura 17 se muestran tres diferentes diseños de paneles decorativos para los edificios tales como panel de ventana (8) al que se le han aplicado materiales de acabados (22), otro panel decorativo al que se le ha aplicado un procedimiento de tallado (21) combinado con un material de acabados (22) y un tercer panel al que también se le ha aplicado un material de acabado (22) y un tallado longitudinal (21) para dar una forma decorativa seleccionada . Figure 17 shows three different designs of decorative panels for buildings such as window panels (8) to which finishing materials (22) have been applied, another decorative panel to which a carving procedure has been applied ( 21) combined with a finishing material (22) and a third panel to which a finishing material (22) and a longitudinal carving (21) have also been applied to give a selected decorative shape.

En la Figura 18 se muestra como se insertara un panel (3) colocado en segundo piso, para el cual se utiliza de igual forma el pegamento (11) los splines (4) la viga (6), la losa de entrepiso (7), los tornillos de fijación (12), todo colocado sobre el muro (19) En la Figura 19 se muestra una casa terminada en la que no se ha utilizado cemento, y se han colocado elementos decorativos (23) todos del mismo material de laminas de aglomerados minerales (2) cortadas de diferentes formas. Figure 18 shows how a panel (3) placed on the second floor will be inserted, for which the glue (11), the splines (4), the beam (6), the mezzanine slab (7) are also used , the fixing screws (12), all placed on the wall (19) Figure 19 shows a finished house in which no cement has been used, and decorative elements (23) all of the same material of sheets of mineral agglomerates (2) cut in different shapes have been placed.

DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención es un sistema de, construcción que no utiliza cemento convencional y que dentro de otras cosas utiliza un nuevo material compuesto, lo que permite que se obtenga un diseño estructural que puede estar sometido a diversas cargas y funciones, que consiste en lograr el equilibrio entre las acciones de las cargas a las que estará expuesto y la reacción de las piezas de construcción ante dichas cargas, garantizando que cada pieza soporte primero a su propio peso, soporte además la tarea que se le ha encomendado dentro de la estructura y que forme además una parte de un todo que es la edificación, que al mismo tiempo ha sido diseñada para el cumplimiento de una función especifica. The present invention is a system of construction that does not use conventional cement and that, in other things, uses a new composite material, which allows a structural design to be obtained that can be subjected to various loads and functions, which consists in achieving the balance between the actions of the loads to which it will be exposed and the reaction of the construction pieces to said loads, ensuring that each piece first supports its own weight, also supports the task entrusted to it within the structure and that It also forms a part of a whole that is the building, which at the same time has been designed for the fulfillment of a specific function.

Cabe hacer notar que con la presente invención cada pieza tiene además una función especifica y debe además garantizar una estabilidad, una resistencia al medio ambiente, resistencia al fuego y a la humedad y una durabilidad que permita que una edificación perdure como mínimo el tiempo para el cual ha sido diseñada. It should be noted that with the present invention each piece also has a specific function and must also guarantee stability, resistance to the environment, resistance to fire and moisture and durability that allows a building to last at least the time for which It has been designed.

Las propiedades de la láminas (2) de aglomerado de minerales de oxido de magnesio, combinadas con las propiedades del poliestireno expandido, o de cualquier material reciclado que sea adecuado para los fines del presente sistema, y unidas entre si mediante el adhesivo o pegamento seleccionado y las piezas e interconexiones diseñadas nos permiten lograr que cada elemento cumpla la función para la cual ha sido creada y colocada dentro del edificio. Además, la excelente resistencia a compresión, tracción, flexión, flexo-compresión y a esfuerzos de cizallamiento de cada pieza, asi como el bajo peso que estas presentan permite lograr tales objetivos dentro de cada edificio que se ha diseñado. The properties of the sheets (2) of agglomerate of magnesium oxide minerals, combined with the properties of expanded polystyrene, or of any recycled material that is suitable for the purposes of the present system, and joined together by means of the selected adhesive or glue and the designed parts and interconnections allow us to achieve that each element fulfills the function for which it has been created and placed inside the building. In addition, the excellent resistance to compression, traction, flexion, flexo-compression and shear stresses of each piece, as well as the low weight that these present allows to achieve such objectives within each building that has been designed.

A partir de la prefabricación de un catálogo de estos elementos compuestos se crea el sistema constructivo caracterizado por la fácil manipulación de sus elementos, la diversidad constructiva de los mismos, tiempos muy cortos de montaje y no necesita un personal de alta calificación ni aditamentos complejos para su ejecución. From the prefabrication of a catalog of these composite elements, the construction system is created characterized by the easy manipulation of its elements, the constructive diversity of them, very short assembly times and does not need a highly qualified staff or complex attachments to its execution

Los elementos que se obtienen conforman un catálogo de piezas prefabricadas tales como paneles (3) , losas (7 y 10), dinteles o vigas (6) los cuales pueden utilizarse de forma individual o como elementos del propio sistema. The elements obtained form a catalog of prefabricated parts such as panels (3), slabs (7 and 10), lintels or beams (6) which can be used individually or as elements of the system itself.

Para comprender la novedad de la tecnología y su relación con el catálogo de piezas diseñadas que lo componen vamos a describir como se van construyendo cada una de las uniones que lo conforman de acuerdo a como se muestra y se detalla de las diferentes figuras. El proceso consiste en diseñar primeramente la edificación separando la misma en todas las piezas que la componen, después de realizado el análisis y diseño estructural del edificio verificando el comportamiento de cada pieza ante la acción de las cargas a la que estará sometida. To understand the novelty of technology and its relationship with the catalog of designed parts that compose it, we will describe how each of the joints that make it up are constructed according to how it is shown and detailed of the different figures. The process consists in designing the building first, separating it in all the pieces that compose it, after the analysis and structural design of the building have been carried out, verifying the behavior of each piece before the action of the loads to which it will be subjected.

Antes de iniciar la construcción se preparan en fabrica o en Obra la totalidad de las piezas a utilizar, según la figura (1) mediante la conformación y el pegado manual o a través de maquinas del material de poliestireno- expandido (1) y las laminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) previamente cortadas y de esta forma se crean los diferentes paneles que formaran la edificación que previamente ha sido diseñada tanto en su forma arquitectónicas como en sus diseños estructurales para que pueda cumplir con la función para la cual fue diseñada y además soportar las cargas y acciones de la naturaleza de acuerdo a la región donde será ubicada de acuerdo a lo representado en la figura 3 y figura 4. Before starting the construction, all the parts to be used are prepared at the factory or in the Work, according to figure (1) by forming and gluing manually or through machines of expanded polystyrene material (1) and the sheets of agglomerate of minerals (2) previously cut and in this way the different panels that will form the building that has been previously designed both in its architectural form and in its structural designs are created so that it can fulfill the function for which it was designed and also bear the burdens and actions of nature according to the region where it will be located according to what is represented in figure 3 and figure 4.

De esta forma, se preparan todas las piezas que formaran parte del edificio, todos los tipos y dimensiones de paneles (3), todos los splines (4), todas las piezas adicionales atipicas que exige el diseño tales como columnas (5), Vigas (6), losas (7), paneles interiores (13), paneles de ventanas (8), paneles para puertas (9), Cerramientos (18) y se organizan todos los insumos complementarios del montaje, pegamento (11), los tornillos de fijación (12), las expansiones mecánicas (16), los clavos temporales de fijación (17) asi como los materiales de acabados (22) y elementos decorativos (23). In this way, all the pieces that will be part of the building, all types and dimensions of panels (3), all splines (4), all additional atypical pieces required by the design such as columns (5), Beams are prepared (6), slabs (7), interior panels (13), window panels (8), door panels (9), Enclosures (18) and all complementary mounting supplies, glue (11), screws are organized fixing (12), mechanical expansions (16), temporary fixing nails (17) as well as finishing materials (22) and decorative elements (23).

La construcción se inicia de forma tradicional con el trazado de la cimentación (20) , en este caso para el sistema se ha diseñado una cimentación en forma de losa o placa de concreto de muy poco espesor debido a que la edificación nuestra se caracterizara por su bajo peso, pero alta resistencia y durabilidad. Estas cimentaciones son muy conocidas por la técnica universal de la construcción, dicha losa de cimentación es colocada sobre un suelo, previamente estudiado y compactado. También puede ser utilizada una cimentación en forma de zapata corrida y la única condición es que quede nivelada para proceder con el levante de nuestra obra. The construction begins in a traditional way with the layout of the foundation (20), in this case for the system a foundation has been designed in the form of a slab or concrete plate of very thin thickness due to the fact that our building was characterized by its Low weight, but high strength and durability. These foundations are well known for the universal construction technique, said foundation slab is placed on a floor, previously studied and compacted. A foundation in the form of a running shoe can also be used and the only condition is that it is level to proceed with the lifting of our work.

El proceso de creación de la unión de los muros al cimiento se representa en la figura (6) y es el que inicia la construcción del edificio de que se trate y consiste en la colocación primeramente de los splines de cimentación (4) que se colocan sobre la losa de acuerdo al trazado de la ubicación de los muros de carga y muros divisorios del edificio de que se trate. Estos splines (4) se anclan mediante el pegamento (11) y las expansiones mecánicas (16) que garantizan la estabilidad y correcta colocación. A continuación se inicia el levante de los paneles de pared ya sean interiores o exteriores en el edificio. Estos paneles se fijan mediante pegamento (11) y clavos de fijación (17) según el diseño estructural que se ha realizado previamente de acuerdo a lo representado en la figura 6. The process of creating the union of the walls to the foundation is represented in figure (6) and is the one that begins the construction of the building in question and consists in the first placement of the foundation splines (4) that are placed on the slab according to the layout of the location of the load-bearing walls and dividing walls of the building in question. These splines (4) are anchored by means of glue (11) and mechanical expansions (16) that guarantee stability and correct placement. Next, the lifting of the wall panels, whether inside or outside the building, begins. These panels are fixed by glue (11) and fixing nails (17) according to the structural design that has been previously made according to what is represented in figure 6.

Ya colocadas las paredes se inicia el montaje de losas de entrepiso (7) o de cubierta (10) según el número de pisos del edificio como se muestra en la figura (8) . La conformación de los vanos de puertas y ventanas se realiza mediante la colocación de dinteles o vigas (6) que se insertan según el proyecto. Once the walls have been placed, the installation of mezzanine slabs (7) or roof slabs (10) begins according to the number of floors of the building as shown in figure (8). The conformation of the openings of doors and windows is done by placing lintels or beams (6) that are inserted according to the project.

De ser necesario son colocadas las columnas (5) y demás tipos de piezas que han sido previamente diseñadas. If necessary the columns (5) and other types of pieces that have been previously designed are placed.

El proceso de creación de todas las uniones es muy similar, se prepara la superficie, se aplica pegamento (11 ) , se coloca la nueva pieza y se clava mediante los clavos temporales de fijación (17) que cumplirán la función de mantener la pieza en su posición mientras el pegamento reacciona, seca y garantiza la continuidad de la estructura. En las figuras 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 se muestra en secuencia el montaje de los muros de las paredes de la edificación y el montaje al final de las losas de cubierta en este caso inclinada representada en la figura 15. The process of creating all the joints is very similar, the surface is prepared, glue is applied (11), the new piece is placed and nailed by means of temporary fixing nails (17) that will fulfill the function of keeping the piece in its position while the glue reacts, dries and guarantees the continuity of the structure. In figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 the assembly of the walls of the building walls and the assembly at the end of the roof slabs in this inclined case shown in figure 15 are shown in sequence.

Cuando en la estructura aparecen sobrecargas especiales tanto en paredes, como en entrepisos o en cubiertas se realizarán refuerzos a las piezas de interconexión denominadas spline (4). En este caso se denominaran como splines del tipo reforzado que consisten en la colocación de refuerzos metálicos (18) dentro del interior que forman las láminas del splines. Estos refuerzos según el caso podrán ser también de fibras de vidrio o de carbón según el diseño y las cargas a que estarán sometidos y están representados en la figura 11. When special overloads appear on the structure both on walls, on mezzanines or on decks, reinforcements will be made to the interconnection pieces called spline (4). In this case they will be referred to as splines of the reinforced type that consist of the placement of metal reinforcements (18) within the inside that form the spline blades. These reinforcements, depending on the case, may also be made of glass or carbon fibers according to the design and the loads to which they will be subjected and are represented in Figure 11.

En todos los casos la pieza de interconexión entre las diferentes partes de una estructura con este sistema es el spline (4 ), el mismo es colocado de forma vertical reforzando el muro (19) ante las cargas verticales y horizontales, es colocado además de forma horizontal cooperando con las losas (7 y 10) en la toma de los esfuerzos verticales de cargas de entrepiso o de cubierta y es colocado además como elemento de interconexión en cimentación (20) y como pieza de cerramiento horizontal en la parte superior de las paredes (19) del edificio. La función del spline (4) es servir de pieza de interconexión de toda la edificación. Por eso decimos que el sistema constructivo que estamos presentando está constituido por dos tipos de piezas fundamentales, los paneles de múltiples formas y dimensiones; y los spline reforzados o no, mas los insumos necesarios para el proceso de montaje. Por tal motivo lo consideramos un sistema totalmente abierto, debido a que con un mínimo número de piezas se puede lograr una gran diversidad de formas arquitectónicas. In all cases the interconnection piece between the different parts of a structure with this system is the spline (4), it is placed vertically reinforcing the wall (19) before the vertical and horizontal loads, it is also placed in a way horizontal, cooperating with the slabs (7 and 10) in the taking of the vertical stresses of mezzanine or roof loads and is also placed as an interconnection element in foundation (20) and as a horizontal enclosure piece in the upper part of the walls (19) of the building. The function of the spline (4) is to serve as an interconnection piece for the entire building. That is why we say that the constructive system that we are presenting is constituted by two types of fundamental pieces, the panels of multiple shapes and dimensions; and spline reinforced or not, plus the necessary supplies for the assembly process. For this reason we consider it a fully open system, because with a minimum number of pieces a great diversity of architectural forms can be achieved.

Si la obra resultara ser de dos o más pisos el proceso se repite en la segunda planta de acuerdo a lo representado en la figura (18) . Se colocan los splines (4) del segundo piso, mediante el pegamento (11) y se levantan los paneles (3) de la segunda planta y continua el proceso hasta la cubierta. Finalmente la obra termina como se representa en la figura (19) y se decora con piezas arquitectónicas (23) creadas según el diseño. Esta propuesta puede ser mejor comprendida con relación a los ejemplos de ejecución que se describen a continuación . If the work turns out to be of two or more floors the process is repeated on the second floor according to what is represented in figure (18). The splines (4) of the second floor are placed, by means of the glue (11) and the panels (3) of the second floor are lifted and the process continues to the deck. Finally the work ends as depicted in figure (19) and is decorated with architectural pieces (23) created according to the design. This proposal can be better understood in relation to the execution examples described below.

Ejemplo 1 Example 1

Sistema aplicado a producción y construcción de un panel de pared de tipo vertical típico. System applied to production and construction of a typical vertical type wall panel.

Mediante un procedimiento de corte o extrusión de prepara una plancha de poliestireno expandido de 1140*2360*125 mm de acuerdo con la figura (1) ; a esta plancha se le aplica un pegamento especial (11) en ambas caras y se reviste con dos láminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) de 1220*2440*12, 5mm de forma centrada, quedando conformado el nuevo panel. Estas láminas son sujetadas de forma manual o por medio de prensado, dejando que el pegamento alcance el tiempo de secado necesario para que queden adheridas. En los bordes del panel ha quedado una hendidura de 40 mm en todo el perímetro que será el espacio libre para la colocación del elemento de interconexión del tipo spline (4). De esta forma ha quedado conformado un panel típico del sistema listo para ir a la obra. Este procedimiento se repite de forma manual, mecanizada o automatizada hasta que se obtengan la cantidad de paneles que se requieran para cada edificio. Ejemplo 2 By means of a cutting or extrusion process, it prepares an expanded polystyrene sheet of 1140 * 2360 * 125 mm according to figure (1); a special glue (11) is applied to this plate on both sides and it is coated with two sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) of 1220 * 2440 * 12.5mm in a centered way, the new panel being formed. These sheets are held manually or by pressing, allowing the glue to reach the drying time necessary for them to adhere. At the edges of the panel there has been a 40 mm gap in the entire perimeter that will be the free space for the placement of the spline type interconnection element (4). In this way a typical panel of the system ready to go to work has been formed. This procedure is repeated manually, mechanized or automated until the quantity of panels required for each building is obtained. Example 2

Sistema aplicado a producción y construcción de un panel de ventana  System applied to production and construction of a window panel

Mediante un procedimiento de corte por medios mecánicos, automatizado, o por calor se realiza la abertura Through an automatic, mechanical, or heat cutting process, the opening is made

(8) de acuerdo con las dimensiones de una ventana sobre una plancha de poliestireno de 1140*3580*125 mm de acuerdo con la figura 4, a esta plancha se le aplica el mismo pegamento especial (11) en ambas caras y se reviste con dos láminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) de 1220 *3660*12,5mm a las cuales se le ha abierto por medio de cortes mecánicos la abertura para la colocación de la ventana. Esta abertura tiene dimensiones inferiores a la que se abrió en la plancha de poliestireno, dejando en todo el borde interior un espacio de 40 mm para la colocación del spline interior(8) according to the dimensions of a window on a polystyrene sheet of 1140 * 3580 * 125 mm according to figure 4, the same special glue (11) is applied to this plate on both sides and coated with two sheets of mineral agglomerate (2) of 1220 * 3660 * 12.5mm to which the opening for the placement of the window has been opened by means of mechanical cuts. This opening has dimensions smaller than the one opened in the polystyrene sheet, leaving a space of 40 mm for the placement of the inner spline on the entire inner edge

(4) coincidiendo con las dimensiones reales de la ventana y teniendo en cuenta la holgura para el montaje. A continuación se coloran los splines (4) interiores de acuerdo a las dimensiones del hueco de la ventana aplicándose sobre los mismos el pegamento especial (11) y de esta forma ha quedado listo el panel de ventana de acuerdo con la figura 16 .Este panel puede ser trasladado a obra de esta forma o se le puede colocar la ventana antes de su traslado a la Obra. (4) coinciding with the actual dimensions of the window and taking into account the clearance for mounting. The interior splines (4) are then placed according to the dimensions of the window opening, the special glue (11) being applied thereon and in this way the window panel according to figure 16 has been ready. It can be moved to work in this way or the window can be placed before its transfer to the Work.

Ejemplo 3 Example 3

Sistema aplicado a producción y construcción de paneles decorativos de fachadas.  System applied to production and construction of decorative panels of facades.

Mediante un procedimiento de tallado (21) se aplican desbastes y ranuras decorativas sobre las láminas de aglomerado de minerales (2) de acuerdo con el diseño arquitectónico que se ha previsto. Estas láminas serán utilizadas para la conformación de paneles de fachada (3) o de interiores (13) de un edificio cualquiera mediante el mismo procedimiento general del ejemplo 1. A esta lámina se le pueden aplicar diversos materiales de acabados (22), tintas, barnices, colorantes o pinturas de acuerdo con lo representado en la figura 17 By means of a carving procedure (21) roughing and decorative grooves are applied on the sheets of Agglomerate of minerals (2) according to the architectural design that is planned. These sheets will be used for the conformation of facade panels (3) or interiors (13) of any building by the same general procedure of example 1. Various sheets of finishes (22), inks, can be applied to this sheet. varnishes, dyes or paints according to what is represented in figure 17

Ejemplo 4 Example 4

Sistema aplicado a producción y construcción de una casa o un edificio cualquiera.  System applied to production and construction of a house or any building.

En el ejemplo representado vamos a demostrar el proceso de construcción de una edificación cualquiera. El primer paso del proceso es la colocación de los splines de cimentación (4) sobre una losa o zapata corrida con una superficie previamente nivelada (20) . Se aplica pegamento sobre el spline y se coloca de ser necesario un impermeabilizante tal como el mástic asfáltico . Los splines (4) pueden ser sujetados mediante expansiones mecánicas (12), ejecutando siempre los trabajos de acuerdo con las especificaciones que se han dado en el proyecto específico de la obra. Esta explicación se aprecia claramente en la figura 6.  In the example shown we will demonstrate the process of building any building. The first step in the process is the placement of the foundation splines (4) on a slab or running shoe with a previously level surface (20). Glue is applied to the spline and a waterproofing such as the asphaltic mastic is placed if necessary. The splines (4) can be held by mechanical expansions (12), always executing the work according to the specifications given in the specific project of the work. This explanation is clearly seen in Figure 6.

Ya terminados de colocar los splines del cimiento se inicia la colocación de los paneles de paredes (3) sean de carga o divisorios, insertando la hendidura que los mismos presentan sobre los splines (4) colocados como cimentación como se aprecia en la figura 10. Ya colocado el primer panel, el proceso se repite, colocando el siguiente a continuación y utilizando el spline (4) como elemento de unión entre ellos de acuerdo en lo representado en la figura 11. Once the splines of the foundation are finished, the placement of the wall panels (3), whether loading or dividing, begins, inserting the slit that they present on the splines (4) placed as a foundation as shown in Figure 10. Once the first panel is placed, the process is repeated, placing the next one below and using the spline (4) as a connecting element between them according to what is represented in Figure 11.

Para lograr que el pegamento (11) aplicado en la unión panel - panel a través del spline (4) sea eficiente es necesario colocar clavos de fijación (17) que unirán dichos elementos entre si hasta que el pegamento (11) alcance su limite de secado y comience a trabajar estructuralmente mediante la adhesión definitiva de las piezas. Además se colocará un spline (4) en la parte superior de los paneles que servirá de cerramiento entre ellos. Esto se aprecia claramente en la figura 13. To make the glue (11) applied in the panel - panel joint through the spline (4) efficient, it is necessary to place fixing nails (17) that will join these elements together until the glue (11) reaches its limit of drying and start working structurally by definitive adhesion of the pieces. In addition, a spline (4) will be placed on the top of the panels that will serve as a enclosure between them. This is clearly seen in Figure 13.

Ya levantado el muro mediante los paneles (3) y siguiendo las instrucciones mencionadas se puede tomar cualquier parte de este como punto de partida para comenzar a colocar un nuevo panel (3) . Esto se hará colocando un spline (4) vertical dentro de la hendidura del panel (3) ya instalado y se colocara un nuevo panel y se repetirá el proceso de instalación de paneles de acuerdo al orden que se ha establecido en el proyecto de montaje. De esta forma se van creando los muros (19) sobre los cuales se colocaran los splines de cerramientos. Esto se aprecia claramente en las figura 12 y figura 13. Once the wall has been lifted using the panels (3) and following the instructions mentioned, any part of it can be taken as a starting point to start installing a new panel (3). This will be done by placing a vertical spline (4) inside the slit of the panel (3) already installed and a new panel will be placed and the panel installation process will be repeated according to the order established in the assembly project. In this way the walls (19) are created on which the enclosure splines will be placed. This is clearly seen in Figure 12 and Figure 13.

Si se desea un mayor puntal que él que nos brinda los paneles colocados , se coloca un panel encima de forma horizontal o vertical según se desee hasta alcanzar el puntal requerido y la unión entre ellos será de igual manera que los colo,cados previamente. Esto se aprecia claramente en la figura 15 en la que será colocada una losa de cubierta inclinada y fue necesario recrecer el muro en su parte central mediante un panel colocado en forma horizontal . If a greater strut is desired than the one that gives us the placed panels, a panel is placed on top horizontal or vertical as desired until reaching the required strut and the union between them will be in the same way as previously placed. This is clearly seen in Figure 15 in which an inclined roof slab will be placed and it was necessary to recreate the wall in its central part by means of a horizontally placed panel.

Para colocar las losas de entrepiso (7) y/ó losas de cubierta (10) se colocará el pegamento (11) encima del muro y el spline (4) además de servir como elemento de cierre entre los paneles (3) , también tendrá la función de unir los muros (19) con las losas de entrepiso (7) o cubierta (10) . La forma de estos splines (4) se adecuará al ángulo de inclinación de las losas (7 y 10) , como se observa en la figura 14 y figura 15. To place the mezzanine slabs (7) and / or cover slabs (10) the glue (11) will be placed on top of the wall and the spline (4) in addition to serving as a closing element between the panels (3), it will also have the function of joining the walls (19) with the mezzanine slabs (7) or roof (10). The shape of these splines (4) will be adapted to the angle of inclination of the slabs (7 and 10), as seen in Figure 14 and Figure 15.

La unión de las losas (7 y 10) entre si, también va a estar determinada por los splines (4) y en este caso su forma también se adecuará al grado de inclinación que posean estas al unirse entre si . The union of the slabs (7 and 10) with each other, will also be determined by the splines (4) and in this case their shape will also be adapted to the degree of inclination they possess when joining each other.

Esto se observa claramente en la figura 15. This is clearly seen in Figure 15.

Si el edificio posee más de un nivel, al comenzar a construir el segundo nivel el proceso de construcción es el mismo. Se fijarán los primeros splines (4) a la parte superior de la losa de entrepiso (7) y a partir de ahi se repite todo el proceso descrito anteriormente. Esto se observa claramente en la figura 18. Ejemplo 5 If the building has more than one level, at the beginning of the construction of the second level the construction process is the same. The first splines (4) will be fixed to the upper part of the mezzanine slab (7) and from there the whole process described above is repeated. This is clearly seen in Figure 18. Example 5

Sistema aplicado a la producción, construcción y decoración de fachadas con elementos diseñados a partir de las láminas de aglomerado  System applied to the production, construction and decoration of facades with elements designed from agglomerate sheets

Utilizando la lámina de aglomerado y mediante un procedimiento de corte por medios mecánicos, automatizados o manuales se pueden diseñar múltiples elementos decorativos (23) para las fachadas o los interiores (jambas, molduras) que le darán mayor riqueza de diseño a la edificación. Esto se observa claramente en la figura 19.  Using the chipboard sheet and by means of a mechanical, automated or manual cutting procedure, multiple decorative elements (23) can be designed for the facades or interiors (jambs, moldings) that will give the building greater richness of design. This is clearly seen in Figure 19.

Claims

KEIVINDICACIO ES KEIVINDICACIO ES 1.- Sistema de construcción de edificaciones caracterizado porque consiste de las etapas siguientes: 1.- Building construction system characterized in that it consists of the following stages: - cimentar en forma de losa o placa de concreto de muy poco espesor debido a que la estructura se caracterizara por su bajo peso, pero alta resistencia y durabilidad; - cement in the form of slab or concrete plate of very thin thickness because the structure is characterized by its low weight, but high strength and durability; - unir los muros al cimiento consistiendo en la colocación primeramente de los elementos de cimentación que se colocan sobre la losa de acuerdo al trazado de la ubicación de los muros de carga y muros divisorios del edificio de que se trate;  - joining the walls to the foundation consisting firstly of laying the foundation elements that are placed on the slab according to the layout of the location of the load-bearing walls and dividing walls of the building in question; - anclar los elementos de cimentación mediante el pegamento y las expansiones mecánicas que garantizan la estabilidad y correcta colocación;  - anchor the foundation elements by means of glue and mechanical expansions that guarantee stability and correct placement; levantar los paneles de pared interiores o exteriores en la . construcción los cuales son de múltiples formas y dimensiones; lift the interior or exterior wall panels on the . construction which are of multiple shapes and dimensions; - fijar los paneles mediante pegamento y elementos de fijación;  - fix the panels with glue and fixing elements; - montar los paneles de entrepiso o de cubierta según el número de niveles de la construcción;  - mount the mezzanine or roof panels according to the number of construction levels; conformar los vanos de puertas y ventanas conformándolos mediante la colocación de dinteles o vigas que se insertan, teniendo también la posibilidad de colocar las columnas;  form the openings of doors and windows conforming them by placing lintels or beams that are inserted, also having the possibility of placing the columns; - unir mediante un adhesivo o pegamento, un primer panel SIP preparando la superficie del mismo antes de ensamblar con un segundo panel SIP, asegurándolos mediante medios de fijación, cumpliendo la función de mantener la pieza en su posición mientras el adhesivo reacciona, seca y garantiza la continuidad de la estructura. - bond by means of an adhesive or glue, a first SIP panel preparing its surface before assembling with a second SIP panel, securing them by fixing means, fulfilling the function of keeping the piece in position while the adhesive reacts, dries and guarantees the continuity of the structure. 2. - Sistema según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque cuando en la construcción aparecen sobrecargas especiales tanto en paredes, como en entrepisos o en cubiertas se incluyen refuerzos a las piezas de interconexión denominadas spline que es un elemento reforzado que consisten en la colocación de refuerzos metálicos dentro del interior que forman las láminas del splines . 2. - System according to claim 1, characterized in that when special overloads appear both in walls, in mezzanines or in roofs, reinforcements are included to the interconnection pieces called spline which is a reinforced element consisting of the placement of reinforcements metallic inside that form the spline sheets. r  r 3. - Sistema según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque los refuerzos pueden ser también de fibras de vidrio o de carbón según el diseño y las cargas a las que estarán sometidos los muros.. 3. - System according to claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcements can also be made of glass or carbon fibers according to the design and the loads to which the walls will be subjected. 4. - Sistema según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque la pieza de interconexión entre las diferentes partes de una estructura de este sistema es el spline el cual es colocado de forma vertical reforzando el muro ante las cargas verticales y horizontales. 4. - System according to claim 2, characterized in that the interconnection piece between the different parts of a structure of this system is the spline which is placed vertically reinforcing the wall against vertical and horizontal loads. 5.- Sistema según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque el spline es colocado además de forma horizontal cooperando con las losas en la toma de los esfuerzos verticales de cargas de entrepiso o de cubierta y es colocado además como elemento de interconexión en cimentación y como pieza de cerramiento horizontal en la parte superior de las paredes de la construcción. 5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the spline is also placed horizontally cooperating with the slabs in the taking of vertical stresses of mezzanine or roof loads and is also placed as an interconnection element in foundation and as a horizontal enclosure piece at the top of the construction walls. 6. - Sistema según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que integra las etapas de: 6. - System according to claim 1, characterized in that it integrates the steps of: producir de paneles tipo SIP;  produce of SIP type panels; producir elementos de interconexión que incluyen el uso de un núcleo aislante y láminas de aglomerado de revestimiento; y  produce interconnecting elements that include the use of an insulating core and coating agglomerate sheets; Y construir estructuras aligeradas mediante la utilización de los paneles tipo SIP para configurar un sistema constructivo integral.  build lightened structures by using SIP panels to configure an integral building system. 7. - Sistema según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque se pueden diseñar piezas con una amplia versatilidad en cuanto a dimensiones y forma destinadas para construir edificaciones auto portantes en las que no existe la necesidad de una estructura complementaria de otro material. 7. - System according to claim 6, characterized in that parts with a wide versatility in terms of dimensions and shape can be designed to construct self-supporting buildings in which there is no need for a complementary structure of another material. 8. - Sistema según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque los paneles pueden ser producidos de forma manual, industrial y/o automatizada. 8. - System according to claim 6, characterized in that the panels can be produced manually, industrially and / or automatically. 9. - Sistema según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque el núcleo aislante que se utiliza y que está incluido en los paneles tipo SIP es de un material reciclable o reciclado tales como el poliestireno expandido o el tereftalato de polietileno. 9. - System according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulating core that is used and which is included in the SIP type panels is made of a recyclable or recycled material such as expanded polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate. 10.- Sistema según la reivindicación 9, en donde el material es preferentemente poliestireno expandido. 10. System according to claim 9, wherein the material is preferably expanded polystyrene. 11.- Sistema según la reivindicación 6, en donde el tablero de aglomerado de minerales esencialmente se constituye de óxido de magnesio y cloruro de magnesio. 11. System according to claim 6, wherein the mineral agglomerate board essentially consists of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. 12- Sistema según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque las interconexiones utilizadas en sustitución de los splines pueden ser de diversos materiales tales como madera, el teraftalato de polietileno, poliestireno expandido, otros. 12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the interconnections used in substitution of the splines can be of various materials such as wood, polyethylene teraphthalate, expanded polystyrene, others. 13- Sistema según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque se pueden utilizar diversos tipos de herrajes complementarios para las fijaciones de las uniones. 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that various types of complementary fittings can be used for fixing the joints. 14- Sistema según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque las piezas pueden ser diseñadas para ser utilizadas formando parte de otra estructura, como un material de construcción en edificaciones construidas con otros sistemas constructivos. 14. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the pieces can be designed to be used as part of another structure, as a building material in buildings constructed with other construction systems.
PCT/MX2011/000019 2011-02-04 2011-02-04 System for constructing buildings without cement, using sip-type panels Ceased WO2012105821A1 (en)

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WO2016193920A1 (en) 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Andervision Sp. Z O.O. A self-bearing prefabricated construction element and a method of erecting external building walls of such prefabricated construction elements
PL423200A1 (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-23 Technobud Nowy Sacz Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa Method for erection of buildings from precast wall elements

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WO2016193920A1 (en) 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Andervision Sp. Z O.O. A self-bearing prefabricated construction element and a method of erecting external building walls of such prefabricated construction elements
PL423200A1 (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-23 Technobud Nowy Sacz Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa Method for erection of buildings from precast wall elements

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