ES2245571B1 - Floating facade has insulating material layers disposed within U-sectional, channel-like tray and spaced apart from outer layers on front edges or lateral branches of tray to define ventilation openings - Google Patents

Abstract

The facade has a U-sectional, channel-like tray supporting outer layers at the front edges or lateral branches via supports or jack stays. Modular pieces are fixed to the tracks mounted to the front edges of the tray. Insulating material layers, supported within the tray, are spaced apart from the outer layers to define ventilation openings. A lifting layer, also provided on the tray, includes an inner layer constructed of plaster panels. An isolation layer of galvanized steel is interposed into the inner layer.

Description

Floating facade.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a facade for buildings, specifically to a floating facade, which resolves the complete enclosure with acoustic and thermal insulation required in each case, quickly, economically, effectively and flexible.

The facade of the invention is applicable in residential and residential buildings, and is able to supply the performance of a ventilated facade, with a cost similar to of a conventional vertical enclosure and with yields of placement on site and a facility for quality control very superior.

Background of the invention

The classic façade enclosure system in current residential and residential buildings, used in the vast majority of cases, it is based on brick or block-based factories, whether ceramic or concrete.

These factories rest, on each floor, freely on the lower floor and mortar at the top, enjoying an acceptable theoretical stability, stability that in practice and in many cases does not exist due to the margins of dimensional tolerance on the edges of the slabs " in situ ", which is often around 5 cm, so that the support of the factory on the edge of the slab can become very few centimeters, which seriously compromises stability.

On the other hand, it cannot be guaranteed, with the sufficient reliability, the tightness of these enclosures, by its traditional way of putting into work.

Faced with these enclosures, it exists in the market a certain number of industrialized solutions that, by various reasons have not achieved a definitive implementation. They are usually panels based systems of various types, among the predominantly, for residential or residential use, concrete, either purely enclosure, or structural. Some of these panels include insulation, but usually have important thermal bridges. The larger ones have open the gaps, but that forces these panels to be specifically built for each concrete solution.

Other types of panels are lightweight, commonly called "sandwich" panels, consisting of two sheets external, usually of sheet metal, plastics or laminates of wood, and an internal one that joins the previous ones and acts as an insulator, and which in turn can be made of materials such as polyurethane, polystyrene or high density mineral wool. This type of panels need an auxiliary structure that is usually constituted based on steel tubes. They are widely used in buildings of offices, shopping centers and the like, but not in homes, Due to its high cost.

There is no industrialized solution of this type in which the facade includes a ventilated chamber and has Solved the problem of gaps.

There are nonetheless camera facades ventilated, of very limited use, practically to homes of luxury, in which said chamber is formed with stone veneers anchored with expensive systems to conventional factories. Specifically, systems in which stone pieces are known They are fixed using high-tech stainless steel parts and high cost, which usually leave cameras in volume at 5 cm, of the that the thickness occupied by the insulator must be reduced, between 2 and 3 cm, being able to cite in this regard those manufactured from "STROW".

There are also systems that include anchoring and outer sheet, designed for ceramic pieces or vertical tiles, or also for panels of any type, that resist the outdoor.

The anchoring system to factories or walls of concrete is usually by railing, usually two orders, between which is arranged the insulator. The cameras have thicknesses similar to the previous case. In the case of the panels, some systems include open board, such as Naturvex and others closed, like Knauf.

Thus, the common and inherent problem of ventilated facade systems in residential buildings and similar used today, focuses on its high cost and in the limitation of its benefits.

Description of the invention

The floating facade that the invention proposes solves the problem fully satisfactorily previously exposed, constituting a solution that, as previously said, solve the complete enclosure with the acoustic and thermal insulation required, quickly, Economical, flexible and effective. The enclosure is light, it dry mounts, allows the placement of different "skins" and can incorporate all vertical installation paths that requires a residential building.

Specifically it is a multilayer enclosure that based on the concept of ventilated facade, in which the existence of a camera on the outside, through which the air, determines better indoor comfort conditions, all this with costs that makes the system accessible to all field of construction, including housing public protection, where costs must be very fine.

To do this and more specifically the facade that It is recommended to be structured from a supporting sheet, materialized in a plurality of profiled sheets, of Ribbed configuration, responsible for resisting efforts due to the proper weight of all the elements of the facade, and the wind overloads, being this bearing sheet that gives solidity to the enclosure and supports the rest of its elements, plates that extend from the ground to the deck, passing immediately ahead of the slabs.

These corrugated sheets, as trays, are arranged vertically so that the folding of its edges laterals act on one side as struts and on the other constitute the bonding links between sheets for sheet shaping bearing In addition, said lateral branches act as spacers. front for the outer leaf or "epidermis", which is going to constitute the face seen from the facade.

This outer sheet, which serves as a barrier to inclement weather and has the finish or decoration that is precise, it is properly distanced from the carrier sheet so that between them the ventilated chamber is established.

The outer sheet can be directly fixed to the vertical nerves of the sheet constituent trays support, or you can do it with the collaboration of rastreles, in depending on the type of material used as the outer sheet, since this can be obtained based on ceramic or stone pieces hanging from said rails, based on panels of cellulose-cement or wood-based panels, duly treated, of plastic materials, of laminar glass, etc.

A sheet also participates in the facade interior, which serves to provide the bottom of the necessary finish superficial. It has been conceived as a backing of the supporting sheet that configures a camera for facility development interiors

As a complement to the structure described, the intermediate sheet is coated, both externally and internally, by respective layers of insulating material, both thermal and acoustic, the exterior provided with a protective veil, so that the latter, also passing in front of the slabs, avoids the strong thermal bridges that occur in this area.

A suitable modularity in the trays that participate in the intermediate or bearing sheet, as well as in the sheets exterior and interior, allow easy creation of holes or openings corresponding to doors or windows, collaborating with the training of these elements the necessary auctions, and participating also on the facade corner finishes, deck and bottom auction

As can be seen from the foregoing, the great advantage of the facade system lies in the prefabricated character of all its components, so that at the construction level, that is to say " in situ ", only assembly operations are required, which allows greater control over the performance of operators, machinery, materials, etc.

The facades will be easily removable, with which allows "high quality" recycling at the end of its useful life

Easy quality assurance with with respect to conventional facades, it guarantees less number of incidents, damages and pathologies, while remaining guaranteed benefits in terms of tightness and thermal and acoustic insulation.

You can easily change the appearance of the facade, without dismantling it, except as far as refers to its outer sheet and repair and replacement result Easy and fast, with the consequent economic impact.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:

Figure 1.- Shows a representation schematic, partial and perspective of a floating facade carried out in accordance with the object of the present invention, in the that its integral elements appear sectioned or interrupted duly to clearly show its structure inside.

Figure 2.- Shows a similar representation to figure 1, in which the facade uses different types of material for its outer sheet or face.

Figure 3.- Shows a representation schematic in profile and section of the facade, duly coupled to a floor, where it has also been represented schematically and by arrows its effectiveness from the point Thermal insulation view.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the figures outlined you can be observed as the floating facade that the invention proposes is structured from an intermediate sheet in which they participate a plurality of corrugated sheets (1), as trays profiled, made of steel, galvanized sheet or pre-lacquered sheet, placed vertically from floor to deck, and whose branches lateral (2) adopt an "L" profile, with its terminal branch (3) oriented either inward or outward, in function of the type of commercial tray chosen, for coupling with the immediately adjacent plates or trays, configuring these lateral and double branches of the plates the struts of support of the rest of the elements of the facade.

The trays (1), with a half branch properly modulated, for example 60 cm wide, are fixed through said middle branch at the edge of the slabs (4), as seen in the Figure 3, being able to use the fixing means of the trays (1) to the slabs (4), such as screws (5), to simultaneously fix said trays to the front face (1) thermo-acoustic insulation plates (6), preferably glass or rock wool, provided with a veil protective.

The angled edge (3) of the lateral branches (2) of the trays (1), which protrudes substantially forward with respect to the insulation layer (6), it constitutes the means of fixing for the outer sheet (7), further distancing it conveniently to establish the ventilated chamber between them (8) that extends over the entire height of the facade.

The outer sheet (7) can be obtained based on modules (9) of small dimensions, coplanarly arranged, fixed or suspended from rails (10) conveniently joined to the pillars constituted by the lateral branches of the trays (1), such as Figure 1 shows, or said rails (10) may be non-existent, as in the example of Figure 2, when the outer sheet (7) is embodied in larger panels (11), such as steel sheet panels , cellulose-cement, wood-cement, treated wood, cellular polycarbonate, polymethacrylate or other plastic materials, laminated glass or even natural stones
them.

The facade is complemented by an inner sheet (12), discontinuous, that is, it extends between forged and forged (4), as can also be seen in figure 3, materializing said inner sheet (12) in a trasdosado self-supporting laminated drywall panels on galvanized steel structures, such as plates type "pladur®".

Between this inner sheet and the supporting sheet u intermediate sheet can in turn establish another layer (13) of insulating material, designed to avoid thermal bridges that they cause the trays (1), through their lateral branches.

In the scheme of figure 3 it has been represented by arrows (14) the effects of the facade on radiation solar, generating a dissipated solar radiation and another reflected, as well as a flow evacuated by the ventilation of the chamber (8), the flow transmitted to the interior being minimal, while the interior heat of the cabin in winter situation, which has been schematically represented by a radiator (15), it will be unable to go outside through the double barrier no thermal bridges defined by the outer insulation layer (6) and by the inner insulation layer (13).

It should also be noted that the possibility to provide the ventilation chamber (8) with a remarkable amplitude, without more than properly dimensioning the lateral branches (2) of the trays (1), also allows using said chamber (8) to to house inside the facilities (16) of the houses, such as gas, water, electricity, etc. pipes

Finally, the modular nature of the facade allows, by proper interruption of the trays (1) and by eliminating the corresponding modules (9) from the outer sheet (7), as well as logically of the portions corresponding of the insulation layers (6) and (13) and of the inner sheet (12), the corresponding gaps of facade, corresponding to windows and / or balconies, finishing off these gaps through perimeter steel frames, on which they will have the corresponding closing elements.

Claims (6)

1. Floating facade, of the type that incorporates a ventilated chamber, specifically intended for residential and residential buildings, of any level, characterized in that it is structured by means of a supporting and intermediate leaf (1), acting as a support element for the rest of the structure of the façade and of a resistant element against the stresses due to the weight of said elements and the wind overloads, said supporting sheet (1) being complemented with an outer sheet (7), which constitutes a barrier for inclement weather , which constitutes the exposed face of the facade and is fixed to the supporting sheet (1) so that a ventilated chamber (8) is defined between them, and finally an inner sheet (12), which provides the interior of the passenger compartment necessary surface finish and that constitutes a transposition of the supporting sheet (1). 2. Floating facade, according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting sheet (1) is embodied in a plurality of profiled, galvanized or pre-lacquered steel sheets, which are configured as "U" section trays, related to each other, in vertical arrangement, through its lateral branches (2), said trays (1) being fixed to the front edge of the various slabs (4) of the building and their lateral branches acting as spacers for the outer sheet (7), to which said sheet (7) is fixed directly or indirectly. 3. Floating facade, according to previous claims, characterized in that the trays (1) incorporate orthogonal couplings (3) at the free edge of their lateral branches (3) through which they receive, either directly to plates (11) constituting the outer sheet or face view of the façade, or to transverse rails (10) to which in turn modules (9) are fixed constituting the outer sheet, of reduced dimensions, by screwing, simple in suspension with tongue and groove coupling, or by any other means. 4. Floating facade, according to previous claims, characterized in that within the trays (1) constituting the supporting sheet, thermo-acoustic insulating panels (6) are established, preferably of glass wool with protective veil that integrally occupy the bottom of said trays and whose front face is substantially distanced from the outer sheet (7), to keep the chamber ventilated (8). 5. Floating facade, according to previous claims, characterized in that the inner sheet (12) is discontinuous and extends between adjacent slabs (4), is embodied in a self-supporting transposition of laminated drywall on galvanized steel structure, and between it and the supporting sheet (1) another layer (13) of thermo-acoustic insulating material is established. 6. Floating facade, according to previous claims, characterized in that the width of the ventilated chamber (8) is such that building facilities such as gas, water, electricity and other supply pipes are susceptible to location.