Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
  • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
  • B64C25/34—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface  wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies
  • B64C25/36—Arrangements or adaptations of wheels, tyres or axles in general
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/10—Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
  • B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
  • B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
  • B23P19/10—Aligning parts to be fitted together
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/40—Maintaining or repairing aircraft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/50—Handling or transporting aircraft components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
  • B23P2700/01—Aircraft parts

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a method for mounting an axle in a bore of a bogie for an aircraft, and an installation intended for implementing the method.
• an aircraft such as an airplane, comprises a landing gear which is deployed during take-off and landing operations of the airplane.
• the landing gear comprises at least one bogie extending in a longitudinal direction.
• One or more bore(s) comprising a first end and a second open end pass through the bogie in a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of the bogie.
• an axis of each bore extends in a substantially horizontal direction, that is to say, substantially parallel to the ground on which the aircraft is resting. .
• Each bore receives an axle carrying a wheel on each side of the bogie.
• the axle may develop defects that require its replacement to ensure the safety of the aircraft during takeoff and landing.
• the assembly formed by the bogie and the axles is dismantled from the landing gear and sent to the workshop.
• the operator forcibly removes the axles from the bores of the bogie.
• the bogie is positioned in such a way that the axes of the bores are oriented vertically.
• a new axle is aligned with a bore and then engaged vertically in it. This operation is repeated as many times as there are bores. It is understood that these maintenance operations are carried out in the workshop, which proves to be complicated and costly due in particular to the immobilization of the aircraft.
• the mounting method makes it possible to install the axle in the bore of the bogie without the need for remove the bogie from the landing gear.
• the axle can even be installed under the wing of the plane. This makes it possible to simplify the assembly of the axle in the bore as well as to speed up the assembly of the axle in the bore, so as to reduce the costs associated with the immobilization of the aircraft.
• the method comprises a step prior to step d) comprising the introduction of the axle in a horizontal position, for a given time, for example one hour, in a tray filled liquid nitrogen.
• step c) comprises:
• the alignment between the axis of the axle and the mark also implies that the axis of the axle is aligned with the axis of the bore.
• the axle can therefore be easily introduced into the bore without the risk of collisions between the axle and the bore during this introduction.
• the marker is arranged in a vertical plane comprising the direction of installation, this plane corresponding to a lifting plane of the axis of the axle.
• the mark being arranged in the lifting plane of the axis of the axle, it suffices only to adjust the position of the axis of the axle in a substantially vertical direction to align the mark and said axis of the axle, which allows alignment of the axis of the axle with the axis of the bore of the bogie.
• the method comprises mounting a laser beam device in the bore of the bogie so that the axis of the laser beam is coaxial with the axis of the bore of the bogie.
• the laser beam will be visible on the mark.
• the axis of the laser beam being coaxial with the axis of the bore of the bogie, an alignment between the mark and the laser beam makes it possible to guarantee the alignment between the axis of the bore and the mark.
• step d) is preceded by a step comprising the mounting of a sleeve around a first end of the axle which is arranged opposite the bore of the bogie according to the installation direction of the axle.
• the sleeve can be made of a flexible material, such as plastic. This sleeve helps to cushion any collisions that may occur between the axle and the bore of the bogie during step d).
• an installation for the implementation of a method for mounting an axle in a bore of a bogie mounted on a landing gear of an aircraft, the gear of landing being in a deployed position, the bore extending in a substantially horizontal direction, called the axle installation direction, between a first open end and a second open end, the installation comprising:
• the installation allows the mounting of the axle in the bore in a substantially horizontal direction. There is therefore no need to disassemble the bogie from the landing gear to mount the axle in the bore.
• the installation can in particular be arranged under the wing of the aircraft in order to mount the axle directly in this position. The installation therefore simplifies the assembly of the axle and reduces its cost.
• the installation further comprises a tank filled with liquid nitrogen.
• the tank filled with liquid nitrogen allows the axle to be cooled before introducing it into the bore. This causes a contraction of the axle which facilitates its introduction into the bore. Once in the bore, the axle temperature rises to ambient temperature causing the axle to expand which allows the axle to be tightly fitted into the bogie bore without further fasteners .
• the alignment means comprise a marker carried by the movable supporting structure and a laser beam device shaped to be installed in the bore of the bogie so that the axis of the laser beam is coaxial with the axis of the bogie bore.
• a position of the mark will be adjusted so that the laser beam intercepts the mark.
• the axis of the laser beam being coaxial with the axis of the bore of the bogie, the installation makes it possible to easily align the mark and the axis of said bore.
• the installation further comprises means for moving the marker comprising at least one rolling element configured to move the supporting structure along a horizontal plane, and at least one lifting element of the supporting structure configured to move the supporting structure in translation in a substantially vertical direction.
• the marker can be moved along the horizontal plane and in the substantially vertical direction until the laser beam intercepts the marker, which makes it possible to guarantee the alignment between the mark and the axis of the bore.
• the bearing structure comprises an upper frame carried by a plurality of vertical uprights, the upper frame supporting the means for moving the axle in a position of introduction into the bore of the bogie. and mounting the axle in the bore of the bogie.
• the means for moving the axle are in particular arranged so that, once the mark is aligned with the axis of the bore, the means for moving the axle move in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the bore. axis of the bore. This allows the axle to be easily aligned with the bore.
• the moving means comprise a rail carried by the upper frame and a hoist mounted for translational movement on the rail in the direction of installation of the axle.
• the hoist makes it possible to lift the axle to the position of alignment between the axis of the axle and the axis of the bore.
• the hoist being mounted for translational movement on the rail according to the direction of installation of the axle, the axle is directly inserted into the bore from this movement of the hoist after the axle is aligned with the axis of the bogie bore
• the marker is mounted fixed relative to the rail and arranged in a plane comprising the direction of installation of the axle and the direction of translational movement of the hoist on the rail.
• the hoist is configured so that in the high position, the axle is necessarily positioned with its axis aligned with the mark.
• the alignment between the axle and the mark is thus obtained by positioning the hoist in the high position.
• the alignment between the axle and the mark is therefore easily obtained and limits the risk of error.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an installation for mounting an axle on a bogie installed on a landing gear of an aircraft according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation and the landing gear of Figure 1 and seen in a different orientation.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a supporting structure of the installation of Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an axle support of the installation of Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a tray of the installation of Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention.
• Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a tray of the installation of Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the axle support of Figure 4 supporting the axle and introduced into the tray of Figure 5.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the axle support of figure 4 supporting the axle, and of the tray of figure 5.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a laser of the installation of Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention and of a detail of the bogie.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a detail of the bogie when the axle supported by the axle support is introduced into the bore of the bogie.
• an orthonormal frame comprising a first direction X, a second direction Y and a third direction Z orthogonal to one another.
• the first X direction and the second Y direction are substantially horizontal, so as to form between them a substantially horizontal XY plane.
• the third direction Z is substantially vertical and forms an XZ plane with the first X direction, as well as a YZ plane with the second Y direction.
• the XZ and YZ planes are substantially vertical.
• Figures 1 and 2 show an installation 10 for mounting an axle 12 in a bore 14 of a bogie 16 which is preferably mounted on a landing gear 18 of an aircraft, for example an airplane.
• the bogie 16 has an elongated shape and extends between two open ends 20.
• the bogie 16 has in particular a substantially cylindrical shape with axis A.
• the bogie 16 is made of titanium.
• the bogie 16 comprises a plurality of bores 14.
• the bogie 16 comprises two bores 14, but this number is not limiting, the bogie 16 may comprise a single bore or more than two bores.
• Each bore 14 extends between a first open end 14a and a second open end 14b so that the bore 14 is a through bore.
• Each bore 14 has, for example, a substantially cylindrical section with axis B, the axis B being substantially perpendicular to the axis A of the bogie 16.
• each open end 20 of the bogie 16 communicates with one of the bores 14.
• the landing gear 18 is in a deployed position, that is to say, a normal position of use of the landing gear 18 in which the wheels of the landing gear landing gear, not shown, are in contact with the ground.
• axis A of bogie 16 extends substantially parallel to first direction X and axis B of each bore 14 extends substantially parallel to second direction Y.
• the axle 12 has an elongated tubular shape, with a substantially cylindrical section, extending between a first end 12a and a second end 12b.
• a cavity 22 extends inside the axle 12 between the first end 16a and the second end 16b.
• the axle 12 therefore comprises an outer wall and an inner wall, the inner wall delimiting the cavity 22 of the axle.
• the cavity 22 is preferably substantially cylindrical with an axis C.
• the axle 12 comprises a first end part 12c, a central part 12d and a second end part 12e.
• the central part 12d extends between the first and second end parts 12c, 12e.
• the first end part 12c and the second end part 12e extend between the central part 12d and, respectively, the first end 12a and the second end 12b of the axle 12.
• the first bore 24 is disposed on the first end portion 12c of the axle 12.
• a second bore similar to the first bore but not visible in the figures, is preferably arranged on the second end part 12e of the axle 12.
• the second bore makes it possible to orient and maintain in position the axle 12 in an axle support 60 which will be described in detail with reference to Figure 4.
• the first bore and the second bore are aligned along an axis parallel to the axis C of the axle.
• a third bore 26, illustrated in FIG. 7, passes through the inner and outer walls of the axle 12.
• the third bore 26 is arranged at substantially 90° around the axis C relative to the first bore 24.
• the third bore is advantageously at the same distance from the first and second ends 12a, 12b of the axle 12.
• first and second end portions 12c, 12e advantageously have a section cross section substantially smaller than a cross section of the central part.
• transverse section is meant an external section of the axle 12 obtained by projection on the XZ plane when the axle 12 extends substantially parallel to the second direction Y.
• the cross section of the central part 12d of the axle 12 has a dimension substantially equal to that of the bore 14, so as to be able to insert the axle 12 into the bore 14 as will be explained later.
• the axle 12 is made of metal, for example steel.
• the installation 10 comprises a supporting structure 30, or gantry, of which FIG. 3 shows an isolated view.
• Figure 1 illustrates the supporting structure 30 in use and at the end of assembly of an axle 12 in a bore 14 of a bogie 16.
• the bearing structure 30 advantageously comprises several removable parts.
• the supporting structure comprises a plurality of first uprights 32 and a plurality of second uprights 34. In a disassembled position of the supporting structure, not shown, these parts are isolated from each other, and can adopt any position in the space.
• the supporting structure is in a mounted position, illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.
• the plurality of first uprights 32 extend in a substantially parallel plane to the XY plane, substantially horizontal, while the plurality of second uprights 34 extend along the Z direction, substantially vertical.
• first uprights will be called “horizontal uprights” and the second uprights will be called “vertical uprights”.
• the supporting structure comprises at least three horizontal uprights 32 and in the present case it comprises four horizontal uprights 32.
• two horizontal uprights 32 extend substantially along the first direction X and two other horizontal uprights 32 extend extend substantially along the second direction Y.
• Each horizontal upright 32 comprises two opposite end portions. Each end portion is adapted to connect two horizontal uprights together.
• each end portion of the horizontal uprights 32 extending substantially parallel to the X direction is connected to one of the end portions of one of the horizontal uprights extending substantially parallel to the Y direction.
• each end portion of the horizontal uprights can be provided with at least one connector 36 or with at least one bore (not visible).
• Each bore extends in a plane substantially parallel to the XY plane and passes through the horizontal upright 32 in which it is included in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of extent of this amount.
• a bore made in one of their end portions extends substantially along the Y direction.
• Each connector 36 extends from the respective end portion in the direction of extent of the horizontal upright 32 with which this end portion is connected.
• each connector 36 comprises two assembly lugs 36a, 36b arranged opposite one another.
• Each assembly tab 36a, 36b includes a hole (not visible in the figures). The holes of the two assembly tabs 36a, 36b are aligned with each other.
• the horizontal upright 32 comprising the bore is arranged between the assembly tabs 36a, 36b of the connector of the other horizontal upright 32 so that the holes of the tabs assembly and bore are aligned.
• a removable connecting element 38 such as a rod, can then be arranged so as to pass through the two holes of the connector 36 and the bore. The two horizontal uprights 32 are thus interconnected and held in position relative to each other.
• each end portion is also adapted to connect the horizontal uprights 32 to the vertical uprights 34 as explained below.
• each end portion of the horizontal uprights 32 may include at least one connector 36 as described above, but extending substantially parallel to the third direction Z.
• the supporting structure 30 comprises at least three vertical uprights 34 and in this case it comprises four.
• the vertical uprights 34 carry the upper frame of the supporting structure, as shown in Figures 1 to 3.
• Each vertical upright 34 is arranged opposite another vertical upright 34 in the first direction X, and opposite -to-vis another vertical upright 34 in the second direction Y.
• Each vertical upright 34 comprises a first end portion 34a and a second end portion 34b opposite.
• each foot 34a is provided with a rolling element 42 and a lifting element 44 of the supporting structure.
• the rolling element 42 is for example a wheel allowing the supporting structure to be moved along the XY plane.
• the wheel 42 includes a stop brake which blocks the movement of the wheel, and therefore the movement of the supporting structure in the XY plane, when it is actuated.
• the lifting element 44 is for example a jack making it possible to move the bearing structure substantially along the third direction Z.
• the bearing structure 30 is thus movable in the three perpendicular directions of space X, Y, Z.
• lift 44 is configured to be able to lift the supporting structure 30 continuously from a first low position or minimum height position to a second high position or maximum height position.
• the continuous movement in height of the supporting structure allows precise coaxial adjustment of the C axis with the XY plane containing the B axis.
• the supporting structure 30 may comprise means for synchronously lifting all the vertical uprights 34 so as to allow the simultaneous lifting of all the feet 34a together and by a single command.
• the second end portion 34b is adapted to be connected to at least two horizontal uprights. More specifically, the second end portion 34b is adapted to be connected to the end portions of at least two horizontal uprights.
• each second end portion 34b of the vertical uprights 34 comprises one or more connectors 36 similar to that described previously, and/or one or more bores (not visible).
• the second end portion 34b of each vertical upright 34 comprises a bore (not visible), a connector 36 extending substantially along the first direction X and a connector 36 extending substantially along the second direction Y.
• the vertical upright 34 is placed between the assembly tabs of the connector 36 of the respective horizontal upright which extends substantially parallel in the Z direction.
• the vertical post 34 is in particular placed between the assembly lugs of this connector 36 so as to align the holes of the assembly lugs and the bore passing through the vertical post.
• a removable connecting element 38 similar to that used to connect two horizontal uprights can then be arranged so as to pass through the two holes of the connector and the bore of the vertical upright.
• the vertical upright 34 and the horizontal upright 32 are thus interconnected and held in position relative to each other.
• the supporting structure 30 may further comprise a plurality of connecting bars 46.
• Each connecting bar 46 can be arranged between each free connector 36 disposed on the second end portion of the vertical upright 34 and one of the free connectors 36 arranged on the end portions of the horizontal uprights 32.
• free connector we mean a connector that has not yet been used to connect two uprights together.
• each connecting bar 46 extends substantially diagonally between one of the vertical uprights 34 and one of the horizontal uprights 32.
• the connecting bar 46 comprises two ends, each advantageously comprising a hole (not visible in the figures) which makes it possible to connect the connection bar 46 to the connectors 36 of the vertical 34 and horizontal 32 uprights which it connects.
• a removable connecting element 38 similar to that used to connect two horizontal uprights will be used to connect each connecting bar between the respective vertical 34 and horizontal 32 uprights.
• the supporting structure 30 may further comprise a plurality of winches.
• Each winch 48 can be arranged between a vertical upright 34 and a horizontal upright 36.
• all the winches 48 extend along the same plane, in particular the XZ plane or the YZ plane.
• each winch 48 is arranged between each of the vertical uprights 34 and only each of the horizontal uprights 36 extending substantially parallel to a single direction.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 four winches are installed, each winch connecting the second end portion 34b of the respective vertical upright 34 and one of the end portions of the horizontal uprights 32 extending substantially parallel to the first direction X. All the winches 48 therefore extend along the plane YZ in the example of FIGS. 1 to 3.
• no winch 48 is installed between the respective vertical upright 34 and the horizontal uprights 32 extending substantially along the second direction Y. No winch 48 therefore does not extend along the XZ plane in the example of Figures 1 to 3.
• the winch 48 makes it possible to impart to the respective vertical upright 34 a rotational movement around the direction of extent of the horizontal upright 32 to which the winch 48 connects it.
• the support structure 30 further comprises a rail 50.
• the rail is connected to the upper frame 40, in particular to two horizontal uprights 32 arranged facing each other.
• the rail 50 is connected to the horizontal uprights 32 which extend substantially in the direction Y so that the rail 50 extends substantially parallel to the direction X.
• the rail 50 comprises a first part end 50a and a second opposite end portion 50b.
• Each of the first and second end portions 50a, 50b is provided with a locking element 52 of the rail 50 movable between a locking position and an unlocking position of the rail 50.
• the first end portion 50a of the rail comprises besides a first hole 51a for fixing a marker which will be described later.
• the carriage is preferably a trolley 54 hoist holder.
• a hoist 56 can thus be connected to the rail 50 via the carriage 54.
• the hoist 56 will then be integral with the movements of the carriage 54 along the rail.
• the hoist 56 comprises a chain (not shown) that can be moved substantially in the Z direction between a low position and a high position. This allows, as will be detailed later, the axle which will be mounted in the bore of the bogie to move from the ground to a position of alignment between the axis B of the bore 14 and the axis C axle.
• One end of the chain of the hoist 56 is connected to a hooking device 57, visible in particular in Figure 7.
• the rail 50, the carriage 54 and the hoist 56 constitute means for moving the axle 12 into a position for insertion into the bore 14 of the bogie 16 and for mounting the axle 12 in the bore 14 of the bogie.
• the installation further comprises a contact arm 58 with the bogie.
• the contact arm extends L-shaped from one of the vertical uprights 54 of the supporting structure 30.
• the contact arm 58 s extends substantially parallel to the Y direction, and is substantially aligned in the X direction with the horizontal upright 32 located in contact with the first end portion 50a of the rail 50.
• the contact arm 58 projects relative to the bearing structure substantially parallel to the direction Y.
• the second part 58b of the L is located laterally relative to the rail 50, which prevents the contact arm 58 from interfering with the movement of the axle during its installation in the bore 14 of the bogie.
• the second part 58b of the L is connected to a support block 58c of the bogie.
• the support block 58c extends substantially parallel to the third direction Z.
• the support block 58c comprises a substantially concave support face 58d against which the bogie 16 comes into contact.
• the support block 58c can further comprise a strap 58e.
• the strap 58e is for example arranged adjacent to the bearing face 58d.
• the 58th strap makes it possible to fix the bogie to the support block so as to limit the relative movements between the bogie 16 and the bearing structure 30 during the mounting of the axle 12 in the bore 14.
• the marker 110 is arranged on one side of a target 112 carried by the supporting structure.
• the target is suspended from one of the holes 51a, 51b provided in the first end part 50a and the second end part 50b of the rail 50.
• the target 112 is connected to the one of the holes 51a, 51b of the first and second end portions of the rail from a suspension element 114.
• a length of the suspension element 114 is chosen so that the mark 110 and the axis C of axle 12 are aligned in direction Z when axle 12 is carried by hoist 56 and the chain of hoist 56 is in the high position.
• the marker 110 has for example a cross shape with a first line substantially parallel to the Z direction and a second line substantially parallel to the X direction when the target 112 is suspended from the rail.
• the laser beam device 120 is a device emitting a laser beam.
• the laser beam device 120 is shaped to be installed in the bore of the bogie. More specifically, the laser beam device 120 is shaped so that, when installed in the bore, the axis of the laser beam is coaxial with the axis B of the bore 14 of the bogie.
• the laser beam has the same shape as the marker 110.
• the laser beam has a cross shape with a first ray substantially parallel to the Z direction and a second ray substantially parallel to the X direction when the laser beam device 120 is installed in bore 14.
• the laser beam device 120 comprises a bore 122 located on a substantially central position of the laser beam device 120 in the direction Y. This bore 122 receives, when the laser beam device 120 is installed in a final position in the bore, a rod 130 for holding in position.
• the installation may further comprise a guide tool 140 visible in FIG. 8.
• the guide device is configured to be placed on the open end 20 of the bogie 16 which communicates with the bore 14 in which the axle 12 will be installed.
• the guide device includes a hole 142 having a shape and size substantially equal to that of the bore 122 of the laser beam device 120.
• the guide tool 140 also serves to identify a final position of the axle 12 in the bore 14, similar to the identification of the final position of the laser beam device .
• the hole 142 of the guide tool 140 is substantially equal in shape and size to the third bore 26 of the axle 12.
• the position holding rod 130 also serves to hold the axle 12 in its final position in the bore 14.
• pin 130 for holding in position can be inserted into bore 26 of axle 12 through hole 142 in guide tool 140.
• the installation may further comprise an axle support 60, shown in Figure 4.
• the axle support 60 is made of metal, for example stainless steel for its thermal and mechanical properties.
• the axle support 60 comprises two half-collars 62, a collar support 64 and a crossbar 66. Each of these parts of the axle support 60 will be described in the following with respect to the position that it adopts in Figure 4 according to the orthonormal reference formed by the directions X, Y and Z. It is noted however that the axle support 60 is advantageously removable, these parts being advantageously separable from each other. Thus, in a disassembled position of the axle support, not shown, these parts of the axle support are isolated from each other, and can adopt any position in space.
• the two half-collars 62 are preferably identical. The same references will therefore be used to describe the same parts of the two half-collars.
• Each half-collar consists of a block comprising a front face 62a, a rear face 62b (visible in Figure 2), a first side face 62c and a second side face 62d (visible in Figure 2).
• the front face 62a and the rear face 62b are opposite and substantially parallel to each other.
• the front 62a and rear 62b faces extend substantially parallel to the XZ plane.
• the front 62a and rear 62b faces are identical.
• the side faces 62c, 62d are opposite and substantially parallel to each other.
• the side faces extend substantially parallel to the YZ plane.
• the two side faces 62c, 62d are identical.
• Each side face 62c, 62d makes it possible to connect the front face 62a and the rear face 62b of each half-collar 62.
• a shoulder (not visible on the figures) exists between the front face 62a and each side face 62c, 62d, as well as between the rear face 62b and each side face of the half-collar 62c, 62d.
• Each shoulder makes it possible to fit each half-collar 62 into the collar support 64, as will be explained later.
• Each half-collar 62 further comprises a flat face 62e and a concave face 62f.
• the flat face 62e and the concave face 62f connect the front 62a and rear 62b faces of each half-collar 62.
• the flat 62e and concave 62f faces are substantially perpendicular to the side faces 62c, 62d of the respective half-collar 62.
• the flat face 62e is substantially rectangular and opposite the concave face 62f.
• the concave face 62f has a concavity.
• Two substantially flat edges 62g extend over the concave face 62f between each end of the concavity and the respective side face 62c, 62d of the half-collar.
• the substantially flat edges allow the stacking of the two half-collars 62, so that their concavities face each other.
• the substantially flat edges 62g of the concave face 62f of one of the half-collars 62 are brought into contact with the substantially flat edges 62g of the concave face 62f of the other. half-collar 62.
• the two half-collars 62 thus form a collar through which passes a hole 63 for receiving axle 12.
• this hole 63 for receiving axle 12 is delimited by the concavities of the two half-collars.
• a shape and a dimension of the orifice 63 for receiving the axle 12 are substantially equal to the cross section of the central part 12d of the axle 12. The axle 12 can thus be kept blocked between the two half - 62 necklaces as will be detailed.
• the collar support 64 comprises a support surface 64a and four connecting segments 64b.
• the support surface 64a is flat. In Figure 4, the support surface extends substantially parallel to the XY plane.
• the support surface includes an upper face 64aa and a lower face 64ab.
• the upper face 64aa comprises a support zone (not visible) and a peripheral zone 65.
• the support zone has a shape and a dimension substantially equal to the flat face of one of the half-collars 62.
• the support zone is thus intended to receive the flat face 62e of one half-collars 62.
• the peripheral zone 65 surrounds the support zone.
• the peripheral zone 65 preferably has the shape of a substantially rectangular loop.
• the support surface 64a is configured to support the collar formed by the two half-collars 62 as indicated previously.
• Each connecting segment 64b has a substantially flat shape comprising an outer face 64ba, an inner face 64bb and two side edges 64bc.
• Each connecting segment 64b extends substantially perpendicular to the support surface 64a. In this case, each connecting segment 64b extends substantially parallel to the third direction Z.
• the four connecting segments 64b are arranged on the peripheral area 65 of the support surface 64a.
• the connecting segments 64b are advantageously facing each other two by two along the first direction X.
• the connecting segments are advantageously facing each other two by two also along the second direction Y.
• the connecting segments connection 64b are separated from each other in the X direction or in the Y direction by distances which allow one of the side edges 64bc and the inner face 64bb of each connecting segment 64b to be in contact with one of the shoulders arranged between the side faces 62c, 62d and the front 62a or rear 62b face of each half-collar 62.
• Each half-collar 62 is thus fitted into the axle support 60 between the four connecting segments 64b, which prevents the movements of the collar in the first direction X and in the second direction Y when the collar is installed on the support surface 64a.
• each connecting segment opposite the support surface is traversed by a hole (not visible in the figures).
• the holes of the connecting segments 64b arranged facing each other in the direction X are aligned with each other. These holes make it possible to connect the collar support 64 and the lifter 66 as will be detailed below.
• the lifter 66 comprises a front part 66a and a rear part 66b.
• the front part 66a comprises a first arm 68 and two plates 70.
• the first arm 68 extends substantially along the direction X.
• the plates 70 are separated from each other along the Y direction by a distance substantially less than the distance between two connecting segments 64b in the Y direction.
• the two plates 70 can be arranged between the 4 connecting segments 64b.
• Each plate comprises two holes (not visible in the figures) which are arranged facing each other in the direction Y of the holes passing through the connecting segments 64b when the plates are arranged between these segments 64b.
• a rod 72 can pass through the holes of the two plates 70 and of two segments 64b arranged facing each other in the Y direction. Each rod 72 therefore makes it possible to connect the collar support 64 and the spreader bar 66.
• the rear part 66b of the lifter comprises an arm 74, a push bar 76 and an end portion 78.
• the arm 74 and the push bar 76 extend substantially along the direction X, while the end portion 78 extends substantially along the direction Z.
• the end portion 78 is connected to a guide cylinder 80 arranged substantially opposite along the direction Z of the push bar 76 and extending substantially along the Y direction.
• the front 66a and rear 66b parts of the lifter 66 are interconnected by a crosspiece 82 which extends substantially along the Y direction.
• the crosspiece 82 comprises, on one end close to the front part 66a of the lifter, a part 83 extending substantially in the direction Z and comprising an orifice 84.
• the orifice 84 allows the hooking of the hooking device 57 of the hoist.
• Axle support 60 can thus be moved in direction Z thanks to the movement of the chain of hoist 56, and in translation in the direction of extension of rail 50 when hoist 56 solidly follows the movement of carriage 54.
• the crosspiece 82 On a other end close to the rear part 66b of the spreader bar 66, the crosspiece 82 is crossed by a through hole (not visible in the figures) which crosses substantially along the direction Z through the crosspiece 82. As can be seen in FIG. 4, this through hole is adapted to receive a rod 86.
• the installation 10 further comprises a tray 90 shown in Figures 1, 5, 6 and 7.
• the tray 90 comprises a tank 92 and a plurality of substantially vertical uprights 94.
• the tank 92 has for example a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but other shapes are possible.
• the tank 92 is delimited by two longitudinal walls 92a, two transverse walls 92b, a lower wall 92c and an upper wall 92d.
• the longitudinal walls 92a extend along two planes substantially parallel to each other and along the YZ plane.
• the transverse walls 92b extend along two planes substantially parallel to each other and along the plane XZ.
• the lower 92c and upper 92d walls extend along two planes substantially parallel to each other and along the XY plane.
• an interior 95 of the tank 92 is hollow.
• the interior of the tank 94 advantageously has a length and a width greater than, respectively, the length and the width of the axle 12, which allows, as will be detailed, to introduce the axle into the tray 90.
• Each longitudinal wall has a thickness which defines a longitudinal edge 96 of the tank.
• each transverse wall has a thickness which defines a transverse edge 98 of the vessel.
• the arms 68, 74 of the lifter, as well as the push bar 76 have a length greater than the width of the tank 92.
• the arms 68, 74 and the push bar 76 rest on the longitudinal edges 96 of the tank 92 when the axle 12 and the axle support 60 are disposed in the tank. This prevents the axle support 60 from touching the bottom of the tank 92 when it is placed inside the tank 92.
• the upper wall 92d of the tank comprises a plurality of removable lids 99, so as to define an open position and a closed position of the tank 92.
• the lids 99 are arranged on the tank, so as to prevent access to the interior 95 of the tank 92.
• the open position all the covers 99 are removed from the tank 92, which allows access to its interior 95.
• one or more of the covers 99 has/have a shape adapted to the passage of the axle support 60, in particular the arms 68, 74 and the push bar 76, when the axle 12 is introduced into the tray .
• These covers make it possible to define a third position of the tank 92, called the cooling position of the axle.
• the cooling position of the axle 12 all the lids 99 are arranged on the tank 92, with the exception of the lids whose shape allows the passage of the axle support 60. This makes it possible to close off the tank as much as possible. 92 when the axle 12 is inside, while allowing the arms 68, 74 and the push bar 76 to rest on the longitudinal edges 96 of the tank 92, so as to limit heat transfer to the outside.
• the tank 92 is intended to be filled with liquid nitrogen in the axle cooling position.
• each vertical upright comprises a foot provided with a rolling element 97, such as a wheel.
• the wheel 97 makes it possible to move the tray 90 in the XY plane. The tray can thus be easily placed under the supporting structure 30, as shown in Figure 1.
• the invention further relates to a method of mounting the axle 12 in the bogie 16 using the installation of Figure 1.
• a direction along the B axis of the bore will be referred to as the "axle installation direction”.
• the method comprises in a first step the provision of the movable bearing structure 30 .
• the support structure 30 will already be mounted and it will only suffice to move it along the XY plane until the support face 58d which is connected to the contact arm 59 of the support structure 30 comes in contact with the bogie 16 installed in the landing gear 18.
• the strap 58e of the support block 58c will then be arranged around the bogie 16 to block the relative movements of the support structure 30 with respect to the bogie 16.
• the supporting structure 30 is not mounted beforehand.
• a non-limiting example of a method for mounting the supporting structure first comprises mounting the upper frame 40 from the connection of the horizontal uprights 32 as explained previously, then the connection of the vertical uprights 34 to the upper frame 40 as also explained previously.
• the vertical uprights 34 may be arranged substantially parallel to the horizontal plane XY. This avoids having to use support means for the upper frame 40 at a sufficient height to be able to connect the vertical uprights 34 directly in their final position substantially parallel to the direction Z.
• the rail 50 can also be connected to the upper frame 40 as already explained. .
• the winches 48 will be mounted between the vertical uprights 34 and only the horizontal uprights 32 substantially parallel to a single direction, as indicated below. Actuation of each winch 48 imparts rotational movement to the respective vertical post 34 about the direction of extent of the horizontal post 32 to which that vertical post 34 is connected by the winch. This makes it possible to easily move the vertical uprights 34 from the position substantially parallel to the XY plane to the position substantially parallel to the third direction Z.
• the movements in the XY plane of the wheels 42 belonging to two vertical uprights 34 located on a first side of the bearing structure 30 with respect to to rail 50 are blocked. To do this, the stop brake of the wheels 42 belonging to two vertical uprights 34 located on said first side of the supporting structure 30 is actuated.
• the winches 48 associated with the two vertical uprights 34 located on a second side of the supporting structure 30 relative to the rail 50 can be operated. Said second side is opposite said first side of the supporting structure 30.
• the actuation of the stop brake of the wheels 42 on the first side of the supporting structure prevents the actuation of the winches 48 associated with the two vertical uprights 34 located on the second side of the supporting structure causes a translation of the entire supporting structure 30 in the XY plane.
• the winches 48 associated with the two vertical uprights 34 located on the second side of the supporting structure 30 will be operated until the vertical uprights 34 of said second side of the supporting structure 30 adopt their final position in the direction Z.
• the levers 44 can be installed on each foot of the vertical uprights 34.
• the contact arm 58 with the bogie can be connected to the respective vertical upright 34.
• the carriage 54 and the hoist 56 must be installed.
• To install the carriage 56 in the rail at least one of the locking elements 52 of the rail 50 must be moved into the unlocked position. This allows the carriage 56 to be introduced into the rail.
• the locking element 52 Once the carriage 54 is introduced into the rail 50, the locking element 52 must be placed again in the locking position of the rail 50 in order to prevent the carriage 54 from leaving the rail 50 during its translation in the direction of extension of the rail.
• the hoist 56 is suspended from the trolley.
• the support structure 30 will be in its mounted position and can be moved along the XY plane until the bearing surface 58d which is connected to the contact arm 58 of the support structure comes to the contact of the bogie 16 installed in the landing gear 18.
• the method further comprises a step of installing the axle on the means for moving the axle.
• the means of moving the axle include the rail 50, the trolley 52 and the hoist 54.
• the step of installing the axle 12 on the means for moving the axle 12 makes it possible to position the axle 12 on the axle support 60.
• the device for The attachment 57 of the hoist is connected to the axle, which is moved suspended from the hoist 56 until it is installed on one of the half-collars 62 already placed on the support surface 64a of the axle support 64.
• the other half-collar 64 and the crossbar 66 can then be installed so as to block the axle 12 in the orifice 63, in accordance with the configuration described above with reference to Figures 4 and 6.
• the axle 12 is arranged so that the guide cylinder 80 is introduced into the cavity 22 of the axle 12 and the rod 86 is introduced into the second bore arranged on the second end part 12e of the axle 12.
• the axle 12 will be blocked in the orifice 63 by its central part 12d.
• axle support 60 Once the axle support 60 has been correctly installed around the axle 12, the hooking device 57 of the hoist 56 is hooked to the orifice 84 located close to the front part 66a of the crossbar 66 of the support. axle 60. Then, the chain of the hoist 56 is gradually moved from its low position to its high position.
• the configuration of the axle support ensures that the assembly formed by the axle and the axle support is held by its center of gravity, which makes it possible to maintain the axle 12 in a position substantially parallel to the horizontal plane XY during its displacement by the means of displacement of the axle.
• the movement of the chain of the hoist in the high position makes it possible to align the axis C of the axle and the axis B of the bore, so that the axle extends in the direction of installing the axle.
• the alignment of the axes B and C of the bore 14 and the axle 12 can be obtained thanks to the laser beam device and the mark.
• the laser beam device 120 is installed in the bore 14 of the bogie so that the axis B of the bore 14 is aligned with the laser beam emitted by the laser beam device. laser beam 120.
• guide tool 140 may be employed to sense the final position of laser beam device 120 within bore 14.
• the rod 130 can be used to lock the laser beam device 120 in this final position.
• the chain of the hoist 56 is configured so that in the high position, the axis C of the axle is necessarily aligned with the mark 110.
• the method may include a step of aligning the laser beam and the mark 110.
• the mark 110 is initially carried by the hole 51a of the first end part 50a of the rail.
• the supporting structure 30 is then moved along the Y direction using the rolling elements 42, and along the Z direction using the lifting elements 44, until the laser beam and the mark 110 are coincident.
• the laser beam and the marker 110 are coincident when the vertical line of the marker 110 and the vertical ray of the laser beam are aligned, and when the horizontal line of the marker 110 and the horizontal beam of the laser beam are aligned.
• the marker 110 is removed from the hole 51a of the first end part 50a of the rail 50 and carried by the hole 51b of the second end part 50b of the rail. If in this position the laser beam and the mark are not coincident, the bearing structure is again moved along the Y direction and along the Z direction until they are coincident, as explained above.
• the alignment between the laser beam and the mark 110 implies that the axis B and the mark 110 are also aligned.
• the marker 110 is then arranged in a vertical plane comprising the direction of installation of the axle 12. As the marker 110 and the hoist are carried by the rail 50, the vertical plane comprising the direction of installation of the axle as well that the reference 110 also corresponds to a lifting plane of the axis C of the axle 12.
• the marker 110 is mounted fixed relative to the rail.
• the bearing structure moves along the Y direction and along the Z direction, the relative position of the marker 110 with respect to the rail does not change.
• the marker 110 and the rail 50 are moved integrally with the bearing structure 30.
• the rolling elements 42 and the lifting elements 44 therefore constitute not only means of displacement of the supporting structure 30, but also of the means of displacement of the marker 110.
• the method comprises the introduction of the axle 12 into the bore 14 of the bogie, as shown in the figure 9.
• the hoist is connected to the axle support 60, in particular to the orifice 84 as indicated above.
• the carriage 54 then moves in the direction of installation of the axle, which causes the movement of the hoist 56 and the axle 12 in this same direction.
• the carriage 54 and the hoist 56 are in particular moved according to the direction of installation of the axle 12 until the final position of the axle 12 in the bogie 16 is identified thanks to the guide tool 140 such than previously described.
• the axle 12 is fixed in the bore using the holding rod 130.
• the axle-axle support assembly is introduced into the tank 92 of the tank 90.
• the axle 12 is introduced into the tank 92 in a horizontal position, it that is, along the XY plane.
• the tank 92 is then placed in its axle cooling position.
• the covers 99 are placed on the tank 92, with the exception of the covers whose shape allows the passage of the axle support 60.
• the tank 92 is then filled with liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen allows the axle to be cooled to approximately -200° C., which causes the axle 12 to retract.
• the axle In order to reach such a temperature, the axle is kept in the tank 90 filled with liquid nitrogen. for example 1 hour.
• the retraction caused by the low temperatures facilitates the introduction of the axle into the bore 14.
• the temperature of the axle increases, which causes an expansion of the axle which leads to an increase in its external diameter until it locks by self-tightening at room temperature in the bore.
• the bore 14 of the bogie can be heated up to a given temperature, for example +100°C. This causes the bore to expand. The introduction of the axle 12 into the bore 14 is thus facilitated. Once in the bore, the temperature of bore 14 decreases to ambient temperature causing the bore to retract allowing the axle to be tighter in bore 14.
• heating means such as for example a resistor (not shown), can be placed in the bore 14.
• a temperature sensor (not shown) can also be introduced into the bore 14 to control its heating.
• a sleeve 150 visible in Figures 1 and 9 is arranged around the end of the axle 12 which is arranged opposite screw of the bore 14 according to the direction of installation of the axle, in this case the first end 12a of the axle.
• the sleeve 150 is arranged around the end part of the axle 12 which completely crosses the bore 14 in order to place the axle 12 in its final position in the bore 14.
• the sleeve 150 makes it possible to on the one hand to avoid direct collisions between the axle 12 and the bore 14, and on the other hand, to limit the loss of alignment of the axis C of the axle and the axis B of the bore which can be favored by the difference in section between the first end part 12c and the central part 12d of the axle.
• the sleeve 150 is advantageously removed after the installation of the axle 12 in the bore 14.
• the sleeve 150 can be installed around the first end of the axle 12 after the extraction of the axle 12 of ferry 90.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Automatic Assembly (AREA)

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Publications (1)

Family

ID=80122860

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• 2021
  • 2021-10-22 FR FR2111260A patent/FR3128445B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-10-21 CN CN202280070222.3A patent/CN118119551A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-10-21 EP EP22813655.2A patent/EP4419418A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-10-21 WO PCT/FR2022/052000 patent/WO2023067289A1/fr not_active Ceased

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