EP4408784A1 - Procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur d'un système d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur d'un système d'ascenseur

Info

Publication number
EP4408784A1
EP4408784A1 EP22789899.6A EP22789899A EP4408784A1 EP 4408784 A1 EP4408784 A1 EP 4408784A1 EP 22789899 A EP22789899 A EP 22789899A EP 4408784 A1 EP4408784 A1 EP 4408784A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate element
elevator
car
elevator system
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22789899.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Raphael Bitzi
Bjarne Lindberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Publication of EP4408784A1 publication Critical patent/EP4408784A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0035—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support
    • B66B11/0045—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support in the hoistway
    • B66B11/005—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support in the hoistway on the car
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B19/00—Mining-hoist operation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/005—Lift shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for creating an elevator shaft for an elevator system according to the preamble of claim 1
  • an elevator shaft of an elevator system for example when constructing a building, and the subsequent installation of the elevator system is complex and therefore associated with not inconsiderable costs.
  • the elevator shaft is created first, in particular made of reinforced concrete, and then the elevator system with its components such as car, counterweight, drive machine and guide rails is installed in the elevator shaft.
  • the elevator shaft has already been proposed to create the elevator shaft from a number of prefabricated modules in which the necessary components are at least partially preassembled.
  • the prefabrication and preassembly takes place in particular in a factory. This approach requires less time on site. In addition, it has positive effects on the quality of the installation and the safety of the installation personnel.
  • EP 3747820 A1 describes a vertically aligned elevator shaft for an elevator system and an elevator system with such an elevator shaft.
  • the elevator shaft consists of several basic modules placed on top of each other, on which a top module is placed from above and the elevator shaft is thus closed off at the top by the top module.
  • the top module thus forms a so-called shaft head of the elevator shaft. It contains a whole range of elevator system components, including a drive.
  • the elevator shaft forms a travel path for a car of the elevator installation, which is moved within the travel path at a nominal speed during normal operation of the elevator installation.
  • the free space is used so that the cabin can penetrate upwards into the free space when traveling unbraked.
  • the free space in the case mentioned must also have sufficient safety space for one in the cabin provide accompanying service technicians.
  • the necessary dimensions of said free space are defined in standards and may differ from country to country. They are also dependent on properties of the elevator system, such as a so-called buffer stroke of a so-called counterweight buffer.
  • different top modules are required in elevator installations according to EP 3747820 A1, depending on the standard applicable in the relevant country and properties of the special elevator installation, which differ in particular in terms of their height.
  • the stated height of the top module of an elevator system according to EP 3747820 A1 is specified accordingly when a method for creating the elevator shaft of the elevator system is carried out.
  • EP 1780162 A1, CN 112723106 A, EP 2559647 A1, DE 10212268 A1 and EP 2650248 A1 also describe elevator installations with an elevator shaft composed of prefabricated modules and thus also at least implicitly a method for creating an elevator shaft of an elevator installation using prefabricated modules.
  • the elevator shaft of an elevator system created with the method according to the invention is mainly aligned vertically and forms a travel path for a cabin of the elevator system. During normal operation of the elevator system, the car is moved at a nominal speed within the travel distance mentioned. To create the elevator shaft, several basic modules are placed one on top of the other and the elevator shaft is closed at the top by placing a top module. According to the invention, an intermediate element is provided with an intermediate element height that is dependent on the nominal speed mentioned, and the selected intermediate element is arranged between an uppermost base module and the top module. The intermediate element height is particularly increasing Rated speed higher.
  • the intermediate module forms at least part of the free space mentioned above.
  • the intermediate element is preferably arranged in that the intermediate element is placed on the uppermost basic module.
  • the top module can then be placed on the intermediate element, which closes off the elevator shaft at the top.
  • the said intermediate element and thus the height of the intermediate element are provided, in particular before the basic modules are started to be placed one on top of the other.
  • only the necessary components of the selected intermediate element are delivered to the construction site where the elevator shaft is being constructed.
  • the intermediate element is first placed on the uppermost basic module and then the top module is placed on the intermediate element.
  • the uppermost basic module and the intermediate element form a unit that is preassembled in a factory or on the construction site, for example, and that this unit or the uppermost basic module is placed together with the intermediate element on the second-highest basic module.
  • the method according to the invention and thus the construction of the elevator shaft according to the invention can use largely identical and therefore standardized top modules for the elevator shaft of a large number of different elevator systems.
  • the necessary free space, in particular the necessary height of the free space can be ensured by a corresponding adjustment of the intermediate element height of the intermediate element.
  • the top module is much more complex than the intermediate element, which mainly only has guide rails for guiding the cabin and possibly a counterweight, the effort involved in producing different intermediate elements is significantly lower than the effort involved in producing different top modules.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to produce the quite complex top modules with the same or at least largely the same construction and thus in a standardized manner in larger numbers and thus inexpensively.
  • the manufacture of intermediate elements with different intermediate element height is quite simple in comparison and therefore inexpensive.
  • the elevator shaft forms only one travel path for a car.
  • the elevator shaft it is also possible for the elevator shaft to form more than one, for example two or three, parallel travel paths for one car each. The statements described here then apply accordingly.
  • the top module can either form a walk-in machine room or be completely open towards the bottom in the direction of the intermediate element and the uppermost basic element.
  • the elevator system can therefore be designed with or without a machine room.
  • the intermediate module has no door opening for a shaft door of the elevator system. It is therefore very easy and inexpensive to produce.
  • the basic modules, the top module and the intermediate element each have, in particular, a cuboid basic shape. They can also have a different basic shape, for example with a circular or oval cross section.
  • the base module and the top module are designed in particular in such a way that they can be placed on a shaft module underneath, for example by means of a crane.
  • the individual basic modules of the elevator shaft are all identical and therefore have a standardized structure.
  • the standardized basic modules can also be used for elevator shafts of other elevator systems. This enables the production of basic modules in large numbers, which enables a particularly efficient and therefore cost-effective production of the basic modules.
  • the elevator shaft can have between 2 and 25 basic modules, for example.
  • a bottom basic module differs from the other basic modules.
  • the lowest basic module can, for example, be on a foundation of a building enclosing the elevator shaft. It is also possible that a lower part of the elevator shaft is not made up of basic modules, but is made of reinforced concrete in a conventional manner, for example. Said lower part can, for example, extend over one to three floors of the housing. The bottom basic module can then be supported on this lower part of the elevator shaft.
  • the cabin of the elevator system is moved within the travel path formed by the elevator shaft to transport people and goods.
  • the car is moved at the maximum rated speed, which can be between 0.5 and 4 m/s, for example.
  • Normal operation of the elevator system is to be understood here as meaning that in this operation, after the elevator system has been put into operation, passengers and goods are transported between floors. Normal operation is characterized by the fact that there are no errors in the elevator system and no work is carried out by a service technician.
  • the elevator system can, for example, also be operated in a maintenance mode, in which the car is moved, for example, at a maximum maintenance speed, which is usually less than the nominal speed. In maintenance operation, for example, a service technician can be in the cabin while the cabin is being moved.
  • the rated speed of an elevator system is a crucial design parameter of an elevator system. All components of the elevator system, such as the drive machine, brakes, safety gear, etc. must be designed for the nominal speed.
  • the nominal speed is thus specified, so to speak, and it has an influence on the other components of the elevator system. It is therefore not so easy to change, in particular to increase, the nominal speed of an elevator system.
  • the stated nominal speed of an elevator system is therefore a fixed value that usually does not change over the lifetime of an elevator system.
  • the necessary height of the free space in the shaft head can be achieved or ensured by an appropriate choice of the intermediate element height.
  • the necessary height of free space is not only of that rated speed of the car, but also depends on a number of other factors, such as attachments on the car protruding upwards or a buffer stroke of a counterweight buffer. It is therefore not possible to determine the necessary height of the free space and thus the height of the intermediate element from the nominal speed of the cabin alone.
  • other influencing factors must be taken into account, which are described in standards, for example the European standard EN 81-20-2014 in Chapter 5 "Safety requirements and/or protective measures", in particular in Chapter 5.2 "Well, machinery spaces and pulley rooms". are predetermined.
  • the nominal speed is a relevant, in particular the most relevant, influencing variable when determining the height of the intermediate element.
  • the intermediate element height of the intermediate element is dependent on the square of the nominal speed of the car. Since the kinetic energy of the car increases with the square of the speed of the car, a particularly precise determination of the necessary intermediate element height is possible.
  • the intermediate element consists only of mainly vertically aligned intermediate element supports, which are arranged between the uppermost basic module and the top module.
  • the intermediate element is thus constructed in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner.
  • it is formed by four intermediate element supports or, in the case of the arrangement of two traverse paths next to one another, by six intermediate element supports.
  • the inter-element supports have a length corresponding primarily to the inter-element height. They are connected, in particular screwed or welded, to the uppermost basic module in their lower area and to the top module in their upper area.
  • the fastening means necessary for said fastening for example in the form of screws or nuts, are not regarded here as part of the intermediate element supports.
  • the intermediate element has vertically aligned intermediate element supports and at least one horizontally aligned intermediate element cross member.
  • the intermediate member cross member may be arranged in a lower area, in an upper area and/or in a middle area of the intermediate member supports.
  • the intermediate element has in particular via 4, 8 or 12 inter-member crossbeams forming one, two or three frames connected to the inter-member uprights.
  • the intermediate element supports and the horizontally aligned intermediate element cross member are also already connected to one another in the factory and thus form an intermediate module.
  • the intermediate module can be placed on the uppermost basic module in a particularly simple manner, for example by means of a crane, and then connected to it. This makes it particularly easy to create the elevator shaft.
  • the intermediate element or the intermediate module can also have more than one, for example two, horizontally aligned intermediate element crossbeams, in which case in particular a first intermediate element crossbeam is arranged in the lower area and a second intermediate element crossbeam is arranged in the upper area of the intermediate element supports.
  • the intermediate element supports and/or the intermediate element cross member are made of metal profiles. They are therefore particularly simple and therefore inexpensive to produce. In addition, this makes it possible for them to be connected, for example screwed or welded, to the uppermost basic module and the top module in a particularly simple manner.
  • the production from metal profiles also leads to particularly stable intermediate element supports and/or intermediate element crossbeams.
  • the metal profiles can be designed, for example, as O, U, T or double T beams, in particular made of steel.
  • Basic structures of the basic modules and/or the top module can also be made from such metal profiles.
  • each basic module has a door opening for arranging a shaft door.
  • the basic modules then have a height that corresponds to a floor height of the building in which the elevator shaft is being constructed.
  • the elevator shaft can thus be created in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the shaft doors are already arranged in the door openings in the factory.
  • An elevator shaft as described above is in particular part of an elevator system which also has a cabin.
  • the cabin can be within the travel path formed by the elevator shaft in normal operation of the elevator system with the rated speed within the travel path.
  • the elevator installation has a counterweight, a suspension element connecting the car and the counterweight, and a counterweight buffer.
  • the counterweight buffer is designed and arranged in such a way that it limits downward displacement of the counterweight and can be compressed by the counterweight by a maximum of one buffer stroke.
  • the intermediate element height of the intermediate element is then dependent on said buffer stroke of the counterweight buffer. The intermediate element height of the intermediate element can thus be determined particularly precisely in order to ensure the necessary free space in the shaft head of the elevator shaft.
  • a so-called highest position of the car can be determined from which the necessary safety spaces for service technicians can be determined or specified by standards.
  • the position of the cabin that results when the cabin travels upwards without braking is considered the highest position. It is determined starting from a starting position of the car when the counterweight is in the lowest position, ie when the counterweight buffer is compressed by the buffer stroke.
  • the distance covered from the starting position is calculated from the speed of the car and the gravitational acceleration using the formula: 1/2 * v 2 / 2*g with v as the speed of the car and g as the gravitational acceleration.
  • the intermediate element height of the intermediate element is therefore dependent on the highest position of the car, which depends on the buffer stroke of the counterweight buffer, the square of the nominal speed and the required safety spaces. In this way, an intermediate element height can be determined at which the specifications specified in the standard applicable to a specific elevator system are complied with. It is It is possible that the actually selected intermediate element height is greater by a safety margin than the intermediate element height determined as described.
  • the intermediate element height of the intermediate element depends on the presence of a limiting device.
  • the limiting device is designed in such a way that it limits the movement of the car in the direction of the top module during maintenance operation of the elevator system.
  • the necessary intermediate element height can thus be determined particularly precisely.
  • Limiting devices of this type are used in particular when said free space is to be designed as small or as low as possible. If such a delimitation device is present, the standards allow for smaller or lower safety spaces.
  • the limiting device can have, for example, extendable bolts which, in the extended state, prevent the car from moving above a certain height in the elevator shaft. It is also possible for the limiting device to be purely electronic.
  • the elevator system described has, in particular, a drive machine for driving the suspension element and thus for moving the car, and a control device for controlling the drive machine.
  • the control device is configured in such a way that, during normal operation of the elevator installation, the car is moved exclusively within a travel path section formed by the basic modules. The car thus does not protrude into the intermediate element during normal operation of the elevator system; this only happens when the cabin travels upwards without braking as described above.
  • the intermediate element serves to cover this special case and to ensure the necessary safety space in the shaft head. This makes it possible, in particular, for the uppermost basic module to be designed identically to the other basic modules.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified representation of an elevator system in a side view with a car and an elevator shaft composed of three basic modules, an intermediate element and a top module,
  • FIG. 2 shows a counterweight buffer of the elevator system from FIG. 1 in an enlarged, highly schematic representation
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of an intermediate element in the form of an intermediate module in a first embodiment in a side view
  • FIG. 5 shows an intermediate element in the form of an intermediate module in a second embodiment in a side view
  • FIG. 6 shows a first elevator shaft with an intermediate element with a first intermediate element height
  • FIG. 8 shows a third elevator shaft with an intermediate element with a third intermediate element height.
  • an elevator system 10 has an elevator shaft 12 for a three-story building, which in the present exemplary embodiment is composed of a first basic module 14, a second basic module 16, a third, uppermost basic module 18, an intermediate element 19 and a top module 21.
  • the individual elements are arranged in the order mentioned from bottom to top, so that the elevator shaft 12 is mainly oriented vertically and is closed by the top module 21 at the top.
  • the elevator shaft can include 12 additional basic modules.
  • the basic modules 14, 16, 18 and the top module 21 are pre-manufactured in a factory and provided with elevator components. They are then brought to the construction site and placed one on top of the other.
  • the basic modules 14, 16, 18, the top module 21 and the intermediate element 19 each have a cuboid basic shape.
  • Fig. 2 it is shown how the uppermost basic module 18 is lifted onto the second basic module 16 is placed from above.
  • the second basic module 16 was previously placed on the first basic module 14 in the same way.
  • the basic module 14 stands on a foundation of the elevator shaft that is not shown in more detail.
  • Each basic module 14, 16, 18 has a door opening 35 for arranging a shaft door 37.
  • the basic modules 14, 16, 18 have a height that corresponds to a floor height of the building in which the elevator shaft is being built.
  • the intermediate element 19 has no door opening.
  • the elevator system 10 of FIG. 1 also has a car 22 which can be moved vertically along guide rails (not shown) in the elevator shaft 12 .
  • the elevator shaft 12 thus forms a travel path 23 within which the car 22 can be moved.
  • the travel path 23 extends over the three base modules 14, 16, 18, the intermediate element 19 and the top module 21.
  • the top module 21 thus forms a so-called shaft head 17.
  • the travel path does not extend into the top module, so that the top module is designed as an accessible machine room.
  • the intermediate element forms the shaft head, which is delimited at the top by a floor of the top module and is therefore closed off.
  • the elevator system 10 has a suspension element 24 whose first end 26 is fixed in the top module 21 . It then runs around the bottom of the cabin 22 and is guided over a drive machine 28 arranged in the top module 21 opposite the first end 26 of the suspension element 24 . From there it runs through a suspension of a counterweight 30 to its second end 32, which is fixed in the area of the engine 28 in the top module 21.
  • the support means 24 thus connects the car 22 to the counterweight 30.
  • the drive machine 28 can move the support means 24 and thus the car 22 within the travel path 23 in the elevator shaft 12.
  • the drive machine 28 is controlled by an elevator control 36 arranged in the top module 21 .
  • the elevator controller 36 is configured to control the prime mover 28 in such a way controls that the car 22 is moved within the travel path 23 at a maximum of a predetermined nominal speed during normal operation of the elevator system 10 .
  • the nominal speed is between 0.5 and 3 m/s, for example.
  • the elevator control 36 is also configured in such a way that the car 22 is moved during normal operation of the elevator system 10 exclusively within a travel path section 25 formed by the basic modules 14 , 16 , 18 .
  • a counterweight buffer 31 is arranged below the counterweight 30 and is shown enlarged in FIG.
  • the counterweight buffer 31 limits the downward displacement of the counterweight 30 . It can be compressed by a maximum buffer stroke s. This happens, for example, when the cabin 22 is moved upwards without braking until the counterweight 30 hits the counterweight buffer 31 and compresses it to the maximum. In the case mentioned, the cabin 22 moves due to its speed, delayed by the gravitational acceleration, a little further up to a highest position, not shown. The highest position is according to the standard EN 81-20-2014 chapter
  • the intermediate element 19 consists only of four mainly vertically aligned intermediate element supports 27 which are arranged between the uppermost base module 18 and the top module 21 .
  • the four intermediate member supports 27 are arranged at the four corners of the rectangular cross sections of the uppermost base module 18 and the top module 21 .
  • the inter-element supports 27 have a length mainly corresponding to the inter-element height hl. They are connected, in particular screwed or welded, to the uppermost basic module 18 in their lower area and to the top module 21 in their upper area.
  • the fastening means, not shown, necessary for said fastening, for example in the form of screws or nuts, are not considered part of the intermediate element supports 27 here.
  • the intermediate element can also have at least one, in particular four or eight, horizontally aligned intermediate element crossbeams.
  • FIG. 4 in the case of an intermediate element 119 in the form of an intermediate module, four intermediate element crossbeams 129 are arranged in a central region of the intermediate element supports 127.
  • the four inter-member cross members 129 form a rectangular frame, which is connected to the inter-member supports 127 .
  • a first frame formed from four intermediate element cross members 229a is arranged in the lower area and a second frame formed from four intermediate element cross members 229b is arranged in the upper area of the intermediate element supports 227.
  • the intermediate element supports 27, 127, 227 and the intermediate element crossbeams 129, 229a, 229b are in particular made of metal profiles.
  • the respective metal profiles can be designed, for example, as U, T or double T beams, in particular made of steel.
  • Basic structures of the base modules 14, 16, 18 and the top module 21 can also be made of such metal profiles.
  • the nominal speed of the car is 1.5 m/s, for example.
  • An intermediate element height h3 of the intermediate element 319 is determined as described above with this nominal speed and the other influencing variables described.
  • the nominal speed of the car is 2 m/s, for example.
  • the nominal speed of the car of elevator system 410 is therefore greater than the nominal speed of the car of elevator system 310 from Fig. 6.
  • the nominal speed of the car is also 1.5 m/s, for example.
  • the nominal speed of the cabin of the elevator system 510 is therefore the same as the nominal speed of the cabin of the elevator system 310 from FIG. 6.
  • the elevator system 510 according to FIG the movement of the car in the direction of the top module 521 in maintenance operation of the elevator installation 510 .
  • the limiting device 533 ensures that the car cannot penetrate into the intermediate element 519 during maintenance operation of the elevator system 510 . This results in an intermediate element height h5 of the intermediate element 519 for the elevator system 510, which, despite the same nominal speed, is smaller than the intermediate element height h3 of the intermediate element 319 of the elevator system 310 of Fig. 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur pour un système d'ascenseur. La cage d'ascenseur (12) est orientée principalement verticalement et dispose de plusieurs modules de base (14, 16, 18) placés les uns sur les autres. Elle est fermée en haut par un module supérieur (21) et forme une voie de déplacement (23) pour une cabine (22) du système d'ascenseur (10). La cabine (22) est déplacée dans un mode de fonctionnement normal du système d'ascenseur (10) à une vitesse nominale à l'intérieur de la voie de déplacement (23). Selon l'invention, un élément intermédiaire (19) présentant une hauteur (h1) d'élément intermédiaire est disposé entre le module de base le plus haut (18) et le module supérieur (21), la hauteur (h1) de l'élément intermédiaire dépendant de la vitesse nominale précitée de la cabine (22).
EP22789899.6A 2021-09-27 2022-09-20 Procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur d'un système d'ascenseur Pending EP4408784A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21199068 2021-09-27
PCT/EP2022/075995 WO2023046643A1 (fr) 2021-09-27 2022-09-20 Procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur d'un système d'ascenseur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4408784A1 true EP4408784A1 (fr) 2024-08-07

Family

ID=77989750

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22789899.6A Pending EP4408784A1 (fr) 2021-09-27 2022-09-20 Procédé de construction d'une cage d'ascenseur d'un système d'ascenseur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4408784A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN118019701A (fr)
AU (1) AU2022351208A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023046643A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10212268A1 (de) 2001-03-24 2003-01-23 Wolfgang T Mueller Maschinenraumloser Aufzug in modularer Struktur
NL1030264C2 (nl) 2005-10-25 2007-04-26 Reco Holding B V Liftinrichting en werkwijze voor de vorming daarvan.
NL2007277C2 (en) 2011-08-18 2013-02-19 Reco Special Products B V A method for assembling a modular lift apparatus, a method for de-assembling a modular lift apparatus, and a modular lift apparatus.
NL2008623C2 (en) 2012-04-11 2013-10-15 Reco Special Products B V A modular lift apparatus and a method for assembling a modular lift apparatus.
ES2960444T3 (es) 2019-06-05 2024-03-04 Kone Corp Método para construir ascensor y ascensor
CN112723106A (zh) 2021-02-07 2021-04-30 朱幕松 模组式快装楼外电梯

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN118019701A (zh) 2024-05-10
WO2023046643A1 (fr) 2023-03-30
AU2022351208A1 (en) 2024-04-11

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Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR