EP4405149B1 - Verfahren zur formung von holz - Google Patents

Verfahren zur formung von holz

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Publication number
EP4405149B1
EP4405149B1 EP22786476.6A EP22786476A EP4405149B1 EP 4405149 B1 EP4405149 B1 EP 4405149B1 EP 22786476 A EP22786476 A EP 22786476A EP 4405149 B1 EP4405149 B1 EP 4405149B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
pressing
die
wood
flank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22786476.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4405149A1 (de
EP4405149C0 (de
Inventor
Laurent Torriani
Carole Chapelat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creaholic SA
Original Assignee
Creaholic SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creaholic SA filed Critical Creaholic SA
Publication of EP4405149A1 publication Critical patent/EP4405149A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4405149C0 publication Critical patent/EP4405149C0/de
Publication of EP4405149B1 publication Critical patent/EP4405149B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wood-forming method, according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from document US 987 368 A .
  • wood pressing is a well-known technique for creating wooden objects.
  • This technique which involves applying significant force against the surface of a wooden blank, often placed in a mold, compresses the wood to give it a predefined shape, while simultaneously increasing the object's strength due to its increased density.
  • This technique also has the advantage of allowing the creation of hollow shapes that cannot be milled, such as polygonal shapes with sharp angles, which is impossible to achieve by milling due to the diameter of the milling cutter.
  • EP1706248 This document describes a wooden object, such as an electronic device casing, obtained by compressing a pre-machined blank (for example, by milling).
  • a pre-machined blank for example, by milling.
  • the bottom of the die (or mold) in which the blank is placed is deeply curved to prevent problems with demolding and to ensure the sharpness of the final object's contours.
  • the part requires prior machining, such as milling, of a cavity whose depth is simply increased by pressing. Only the bottom of the cavity is subjected to compression; the upper surface of the blank, on the other hand, remains undeformed by the forming press.
  • the aesthetic appearance of the object's external and internal edges is determined primarily by the milling.
  • One object of the present invention is to propose a method for forming a wooden object free from the limitations of methods known in the prior art.
  • Another aim of the invention is to propose a method for forming a wooden object that is ecological and economical.
  • Another aim of the invention is to propose a method for forming a wooden object which makes it possible to quickly obtain particularly clean lateral and front faces and sharp edges.
  • Another aim of the invention is to propose a method for forming a wooden object that allows for the rapid production of sides resistant to shocks and moisture.
  • the pressure during pressing is preferably greater than 2*10 6 N/m 2 , preferably greater than 5*10 6 N/m 2.
  • the force used to press the fibers in the direction parallel to the fibers is on the order of ten to twenty times greater compared to a compression perpendicular to the fibers.
  • the punching flange slides along the fibers of the blank during pressing.
  • the punching flank can slide along the fibers of the blank during pressing, without participating in their longitudinal compression, or only in a very limited way if the punching flanks are not parallel to the fibers.
  • the entire punching flank and the positioning flank slide along the fibers of the blank during pressing.
  • the faces, edges and contours of the final object are particularly sharp because they are defined by the wood fibers which are compressed upon themselves, but retain their straightness.
  • the lateral faces of the object along these flanks are defined by the lateral surface of contiguous compressed fibers, without the ends of the fibers appearing on these faces.
  • lateral and/or frontal faces defined by fibers compressed in the longitudinal direction, are particularly resistant to shocks and humidity.
  • the roughing does not require prior machining of a cavity or concave housing.
  • the concave portion(s) of the part can be obtained solely by pressing, without prior machining.
  • Pressure greater than 1.5*10 6 N/m 2 preferably greater than 2*10 6 N/m 2 , preferably greater than 5*10 6 N/m 2 , makes it possible to obtain objects having sharp faces and edges, including objects having a polygonal profile or cavity.
  • a pressure greater than 1.5 x 106 N/ m2 allows for compression of at least 50% of the height (along the grain) of the blank for wood species with a density of 0.5 kg/dm3 or less.
  • the height of the blank can be compressed by up to 50% without affecting the final object.
  • even greater compression can be applied without damage; for example, for wood with a density of 0.4 kg/ dm3 , the maximum height of the blank can be compressed by 60% without compromising the integrity of the object.
  • the forming press and die can incorporate guide flanges that slide against each other during pressing. These guide flanges advantageously hold the die precisely during pressing, ensuring controlled deformation and accurate forming. The blank is thus immobilized at the moment of pressing.
  • a die guide flank can guide the forming press during pressing, thus contributing to obtaining clean flanks of the compressed parts.
  • the pressing stage can be carried out using a form press comprising a first side perpendicular to the wood fibers, and a second flat side, the two flat sides being joined by the punching side.
  • the pressing stage may include a phase of guiding the form press, with the guide flank of the die guiding the form press.
  • the guide flanks are advantageously parallel to the pressing direction.
  • the guide sides are advantageously parallel to the longitudinal direction of the wood fibers.
  • the wood is thus compressed longitudinally, while pressing laterally against the positioning side of the matrix.
  • the maximum height of the blank in the direction of the wood grain can be reduced during pressing.
  • the height of the die guide flank can be greater than the maximum height of the blank before pressing.
  • the first surface, the second surface, and/or a background of the matrix can be structured.
  • the minimum resolution of the relief of the structuring can be very fine, i.e. between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, thus allowing the creation of very fine structures on the surface of the wood.
  • the punching side may include a first chamfer allowing in particular to smooth the transition between the inner side and the inner bottom of the object produced.
  • the first chamfer can form an angle with a bottom surface of the matrix of no more than 35°.
  • the positioning side of the matrix may include a second chamfer allowing in particular to smooth the transition between the outer side and the outer bottom of the object produced.
  • the second chamfer can form an angle with a bottom surface of the matrix of no more than 55°.
  • the forming press may include a transverse or longitudinal stepped profile, allowing in particular the approximation of curves that are difficult to produce.
  • the step size can be very small, typically between 0.01mm and 0.2mm.
  • the process may include a blank extraction step so as to detach the blank from the die and/or the forming press after the blank pressing step.
  • the blank may have a density before pressing of less than 0.75 kg/ dm3 , preferably less than 0.5 kg/ dm3 .
  • the wood from which the blank is cut can be chestnut, okoume, arolla pine, linden, alder, poplar, balsa, spruce, fir, maple, walnut, ash or beech.
  • a mechanical machining step of the blank can be introduced before the pressing step to increase its porosity and reduce its density.
  • Mechanical machining may involve several micro-drillings in the direction of the wood grain.
  • Micro-drilling can be done using a drill bit, or by stamping, for example using needles inserted simultaneously in a direction parallel to the wood fibers.
  • One end of the form press in contact with the blank may include a beveled profile.
  • the present invention relates to a method of forming a wooden object by compressing a blank, the compression being carried out in a direction parallel to the wood fibers.
  • This process is particularly well-suited for containers of viscous products such as ointments, creams, or even liquids.
  • the densification resulting from pressing reduces the wood's porosity, thus providing sufficient impermeability to contain viscous or liquid products. Consequently, the risk of molecule transfer from the wood to a contacting material, or vice versa, is low because the transport channels are closed.
  • wood is naturally a a noble material with antibacterial potential, pleasant to the touch and often possessing a pleasant odor.
  • FIG. 1 This illustrates examples of how a blank 11 can be cut from a piece of wood 10.
  • the cut is made along cutting lines 12 in a direction transverse to the wood fibers to allow for compression parallel to the wood fibers in a second step.
  • the term "transverse” here should be understood as "non-parallel,” i.e., the angle between the cutting lines 12 and the wood fibers is non-zero.
  • the blank 11 obtained by cutting is then positioned in or by a die 20.
  • This die has a positioning flange 21 bearing against the blank.
  • Positioning the blank may consist of simply placing it through the open portion of the die designed to guide the forming press, or, in some more complex embodiments, the blank may be inserted laterally into a recess in the die.
  • Such an embodiment is illustrated in the figure 7 where the geometric constraints of the blank require it to be placed in the die 20, for example by sliding it in a direction perpendicular to the pressing direction. It is also possible to position the blank by means of an opening machined in the blank, or of clampable parts of the die.
  • the blank 11 is positioned against the die 20, it is pressed by a forming press 30.
  • the direction of the pressing is parallel to the wood grain of the blank.
  • the forming press is placed against the free face of the blank, and pressure is applied to the forming press to deform the blank until... reproduce in negative all or part of the volume of the form press and/or matrix in the draft.
  • a key feature of this process is that the pressing is carried out cold and dry. Hot pressing reduces the pressure force required to deform the wood. However, increasing the wood's temperature contributes to its drying out, resulting in greater susceptibility to deformation, particularly shrinkage, which must then be compensated for, or cracking. Such compensation can be facilitated by steaming the wood before pressing or by using a shrink-shrink die in certain directions. However, these steps complicate the process and thus make it more expensive.
  • Dry pressing also means that the wood blank does not require any soaking before pressing, typically no soaking in a hardening resin or any steaming.
  • the form press has a punching flank 303 in support against the blank during pressing.
  • figure 3a illustrates a first step of this process in which the blank 11 has been positioned in the die 20 against the positioning side 21 and a forming press 30 is moved towards the free surface of the blank.
  • figure 3b illustrates a second stage in which a central part of the form press 30 compressed the blank 20 until a recess was obtained relative to the lateral part of the blank.
  • the form press 30 is mechanically brought against the free surface of the blank 11.
  • the die can be provided with a first guide flange 24 to guide the form press.
  • This first guide flange In a preferred embodiment, it may consist of a portion of the positioning flange 21.
  • the guide flange 24 of the die may be a modular element fixed to the die so as to increase the surface area used to guide the forming press.
  • One function of this first guide flange 24 is to ensure precise guidance of the forming press during pressing relative to the die and the blank.
  • the forming press may also include a second guide flange 32 which slides against the first guide flange 24 and/or against the positioning flange of the die during the movement of the forming press 30.
  • the diameter of the forming press at the level of the second guide flange is slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the die at the level of the first guide flange of the die so as to leave a clearance of between 0.01mm and 0.5mm necessary for the extraction of the object after pressing.
  • the positioning flange 21 of the die is ideally parallel to the direction of the wood grain.
  • at least one positioning flange of the die can be slightly inclined at a first angle ⁇ to the wood grain, forming a truncated cone whose widest diameter is located at the free face of the blank.
  • This first angle ⁇ can reach a maximum of 5° relative to the pressing direction, i.e. the direction of the wood fibers of the blank when it is positioned in the die.
  • the die includes an inclined positioning flange as described above to facilitate demolding and a substantially vertical guiding flange in the extension of the positioning side to ensure guidance of the press during pressing.
  • the gap between the first positioning flange 21 and the blank is preferably very small before pressing, in order to allow the blank to be inserted into the die but to ensure its immobilization during pressing while preventing lateral deformation. In a preferred embodiment, this gap is preferably less than 0.5 mm.
  • the 30-form press illustrated on the figure 5 includes a second guide flange 32 which, similarly to the positioning flange 21, is inclined at a third angle ⁇ relative to the compression direction so as to adapt to the inclination of the positioning flange.
  • the third angle ⁇ can reach a maximum of 1° relative to the pressing direction.
  • figure 5 illustrates an embodiment in which the guide flank of the form press 32 forms an angle ⁇ so as to correspond to the inclination of the positioning flank 21.
  • a die, or a forming press with one or more positioning, or guiding, sides that are inclined, and at least one other positioning, or guiding, side parallel to the wood fibers, thus effectively guiding the forming press against the die throughout its movement.
  • the inclination of the second guide flange 32 of the forming press at an angle ⁇ relative to the wood fibers makes it easier, for example, to demold the blank after the pressing step.
  • this inclination prevents the forming press from being guided within the die because as soon as the second guide flange of the forming press comes into contact with the first guide flange 24 of the die, the vertical movement of the forming press towards the blank is prohibited.
  • the mold 20 is removable to facilitate the removal of the wooden object from the mold after pressing.
  • the mold can be equipped with extractors to further facilitate the removal of the object from the mold.
  • the form press 30 and the blank may remain attached to each other, and second, the die and the blank may also remain attached to each other.
  • a demolding support can be placed above the die, as illustrated in the figure 13
  • the demolding support may include rods movable relative to the die and parallel to the pressing axis, allowing pressure to be applied to an upper lateral portion of the die so as to mechanically move the die containing the pressed blank away from the forming press.
  • the movable rods are replaced by a retaining ring which allows pressure to be applied to the blank when the form press is removed so as to extract the form press from the blank.
  • the punching flange 303 on the form press 30 forms a second angle ⁇ with the wood fibers.
  • this angle can vary between 0° and 5° according to the invention.
  • the profile of the form press at its punching flange can be slightly conical, as illustrated in the figure. figure 6 .
  • This second angle ⁇ also allows for a superior quality of the internal surface of the wooden object.
  • extractors can be used to remove the object from the die after pressing.
  • These extractors consist, for example, of in modular elements of the die or form press.
  • the punching flank of the form press is vertical, i.e. if the angle ⁇ is equal to 0°, it is preferable to add extractors.
  • the forming press 30 comprises a first flat surface 301 perpendicular to the wood grain when the blank 11 is positioned in the die 20, and a second flat surface 302 connected by the punching flange 303 of the forming press.
  • the first flat surface and the punching flange together form a punch that determines the shape and/or compression volume of the blank.
  • the first flat surface 301 is the first part of the forming press to come into contact with the blank and then penetrates it under the effect of pressure.
  • the form press 30 includes several punches allowing several distinct impressions to be made in the blank 11.
  • Each punch includes a first flat surface 301 perpendicular to the wood fibers when the blank is positioned in the die, a second flat surface 302 and a punching flank 303 connecting the first flat surface to the second flat surface.
  • punch is used here to designate the protruding portion(s) of the forming press at its end closest to the blank during pressing.
  • figures 15a and 15b They illustrate form presses equipped with several punches, for example three punches, whose width can vary. The punches are thus delimited either laterally by the punching flank 303 of the form press, or by recesses 305 of the form press.
  • the minimum wood resolution for pressing with a form press comprising several punches, i.e., the minimum distance
  • the gap between the nearest ends of two consecutive punches is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, typically between 1 mm and 5 mm. This resolution depends on several parameters, such as the type of wood and/or the pressing depth.
  • figure 15a This illustrates a form press with a resolution of approximately 3 mm, meaning that the width of the 305 recesses is approximately 3 mm.
  • figure 15b illustrates an embodiment in which the resolution is approximately 2mm and in which the recesses are particularly eccentric with respect to the center of the forming press.
  • the geometry of the lower portion of the punching flank 303 of the form press 30, i.e. the portion which first comes into contact with the blank during pressing, is particularly important with regard to the sharpness of the flanks and the bottom/flank transition of the wood piece resulting from pressing.
  • the punching side forms a sharp angle with the portion of the forming press perpendicular to the wood fibers.
  • the punching flange 303 can also be provided with a chamfer 304 to obtain a corresponding chamfer on the blank after pressing.
  • a chamfer is typically used to smooth the flange/bottom transition of the part obtained after pressing the blank.
  • the transition between the vertical sides and the bottom surface of the matrix 23 typically has a sharp angle with a chamfer of at most 35°, preferably of at most 30°.
  • the punching flange 303 can also be provided with a rounded edge, the angle of which with the bottom surface of the matrix not exceeding 35°, preferably 30°.
  • the guide flange 303 may also include a chamfer on an upper portion, so as to create a chamfer on an external shape of the blank during pressing.
  • the chamfer angle can typically be up to 50°.
  • the positioning flank 21 of the matrix may also include a chamfer 211 at the transition positioning flank/bottom surface of the matrix.
  • Such a chamfer 211 makes it easier to remove the blank from the die after pressing. It also provides a clean transition between the outer flanks of the blank and the outer surface of the blank's bottom.
  • the chamfer 211 typically forms an angle with a bottom surface of the die of no more than 55°, preferably 45°.
  • the punching flange 303 of the form press 30 can include a stepped profile with a relatively small pitch compared to the size of the blank.
  • a stepped profile makes it possible to approximate a curve, the creation of which by pressing can be complex, without altering the visual appearance. It also improves the sharpness of certain flange/bottom transitions of the blank.
  • the profile of the transition between the punching side and the lower part of the form press includes a step whose pitch, i.e. the width of a step, is between 0.01mm and 0.2mm.
  • the steps are thus perpendicular to the wood fibers of the blank when it is in the die.
  • the guide side comprises a stepped profile whose steps are parallel to the wood grain of the blank.
  • figure 14b This illustrates a stepped profile of the form press obtained by cutting the blank in the die along a plane orthogonal to the wood grain.
  • the sharpness of the edges can depend on the pressing speed. Generally, a higher pressing speed results in sharper edges. This speed is typically between 4 mm/s and 180 mm/s.
  • the blank 11 can be compressed over its entire free surface or over one or more predefined areas corresponding to the geometry of the forming press.
  • the maximum height H of the blank along the wood grain may be reduced after pressing if the entire blank is compressed.
  • the maximum height H of the blank along the wood grain may remain the same after pressing if only a specific area of the blank is compressed.
  • the blank has a maximum height H before pressing, while, as illustrated on the figure 3b
  • the blank has a maximum height after pressing H' and a minimum height after pressing H".
  • the pressing stage can be carried out by applying continuous pressure from the forming press 30 to the free surface of the blank so as to compress the entire desired height in one go.
  • the pressing stage can be carried out by hammering, that is, a series of pressures from the forming press against the free surface of the blank.
  • Hammering allows for a reduction in the pressure force required to press a similar height, and/or a densification of the wood over a greater depth.
  • the blank, die, or forming press can be subjected to vibrations, for example, vibrations along the wood fibers at a frequency between 1 Hz and 1 MHz, to set it in motion and facilitate compression of the blank by the forming press.
  • vibrations facilitate the penetration of the forming press into the wood, promote the sliding of the fibers against each other, and can help soften the wood by slightly heating it during pressing.
  • subjecting the blank to these vibrations allows for a reduction in the pressing force required to compress a similar height, and/or densification of the wood to a greater depth.
  • Structuring involves creating a relief by pressing on a portion of the blank; this relief is comparatively small relative to the size of the blank.
  • Reliefs obtained through structuring typically have a minimum resolution on the order of the size of the water channels in the wood, i.e., between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
  • the depth of the structuring relief in the pressing direction is less than the distance the forming press travels in the blank.
  • the depth of the structures in the pressing direction can be less than 2 mm.
  • the forming press is structured so as to imprint the pattern in negative onto the blank during pressing.
  • the base surface of the die is also structured so as to imprint the pattern in negative onto the outer surface of the blank in contact with the base of the die.
  • Structuring allows, among other things, the creation of logos, brands, texts, patterns as well as particular textures that can have a physical or aesthetic function.
  • a structured element can be placed between the forming press and the blank, or between the blank and the base surface of the die, so that during pressing, the pattern of the structured element is reproduced in negative on the blank.
  • the structured element can be, for example, a piece of fabric, a piece of leather, a piece of paper, a leaf, etc.
  • a first pressing step forms the blank, particularly the blank sides, and then a second pressing step structures portions of the formed blank.
  • the part of the forming press that contacts the blank during pressing can be structured to produce a negative or positive image on the blank.
  • the first and/or second flat surface of the forming press can be structured.
  • the figure 9 illustrates an embodiment in which the matrix, in this case a background surface of the matrix 23 opposite the free surface of the blank, can also be structured to obtain a pattern in positive or negative on the face of the blank opposite its free face.
  • This structuring of the form press and/or matrix makes it possible to combine the pressing of a blank in order to form a wooden object and the printing in negative or positive of a pattern.
  • the structures may include, for example, an image, a pattern, a logo, text, ribs, grooves, etc., on the surface of the forming press in order to be printed in negative in the draft.
  • the type of wood chosen for the blank significantly influences the pressing parameters and the variety of objects that can be made. Indeed, the denser the wood, the greater the pressing force required to compress it by a given height. Therefore, the lower the density of the wood, the greater the compression that can be achieved, and thus the larger the compressed volume.
  • the blank is cut from wood having a density of less than 0.75 kg/ dm3 , preferably from wood having a density of less than 0.5 kg/ dm3 .
  • suitable wood species include, for example, poplar or linden (approximately 0.5 kg/ dm3 ), spruce (approximately 0.45 kg/ dm3 ), and balsa (approximately 0.14 kg/ dm3 ).
  • Other species such as chestnut, maple, beech, fir, okoumé, Swiss pine, or alder are also particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention. The list of these species is in no way exhaustive, the present pressing process works with wood species having a density of up to 0.75 kg/dm 3 , or even up to 0.85 kg/dm 3 .
  • a preliminary machining step of the blank can be carried out.
  • a series of micro-drillings are performed using a drill bit, or by stamping with needles, so as to reduce the density of the blank before pressing.
  • the holes thus created by micro-drilling are filled during compression.
  • the resulting object can be made sufficiently airtight to contain viscous products (creams, pastes, etc.) or even liquids.
  • the process of the invention can also be used to manufacture objects that do not have concave portions on their upper surface, but only convex portions.
  • the process is used to manufacture wooden toy pieces, for example, interlocking building blocks.
  • the end of the forming press that first comes into contact with the blank during pressing has a beveled and/or sharp profile to facilitate its penetration into the wood. Such a profile also results in clean sides of the wooden object after pressing and eliminates the need for subsequent sanding.
  • the ability to obtain different pressure forces using a single forming press is achieved, for example, by placing a spring above the lateral area of the forming press (i.e., above the area corresponding to the pressure force F2).
  • a spring above the lateral area of the forming press (i.e., above the area corresponding to the pressure force F2).
  • This method can also be applied to press-fit a second wooden blank to the first blank.
  • a second blank is placed between The first blank and the forming press.
  • the two blanks are then joined together during the pressing stage under the pressure exerted by the forming press.
  • the joining of the two blanks can be facilitated by pre-pressing two corresponding profiles onto each face of the blanks intended to be in contact with the other.
  • the grain direction of the first blank is always parallel to the pressing direction
  • the grain direction of the second blank can be parallel, perpendicular, or oblique to the pressing direction. This flexibility allows for the creation of interesting patterns on the final object, as well as facilitating pressing by reducing the pressure required to compress the two blanks, or resulting in a particularly strong final object. It is also possible to combine wood species with different densities and compressive strengths.
  • the joining of two pieces obtained by the pressing process can also be achieved after each piece has been pressed, for example using tenons and/or mortises.
  • the piece intended to be inserted into the other can be dried before insertion; by absorbing moisture from the ambient air, it will tend to expand to strengthen the tenon-mortise joint.
  • the pressing method of the present invention can also be applied to a blank made by gluing two or more pieces of wood together to allow for the pressing of larger blanks.
  • the gluing can typically be carried out along the grain of the wood in both pieces.
  • the pressing strength of a glued blank is essentially identical to that of an unglued blank. Furthermore, the glue lines are practically invisible after pressing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Formen eines Holzgegenstands die folgenden Schritten umfassend:
    - Erhalten eines Rohlings (11) durch Schneiden eines Holzstücks (10) in einer Richtung quer zu den Holzfasern;
    - Positionieren des Rohlings durch eine Matrize (20);
    - Pressen des Rohlings mittels einer Formpresse (30), die gegen eine freie Seite des Rohlings gedrückt wird, wobei ein Druck in einer Richtung parallel zu den Holzfasern ausgeübt wird
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der Druck beim Pressen größer als 1,5*106 N/m2 ist,
    dass das Pressen kalt durchgeführt wird,
    dass das Pressen trocken durchgeführt wird, und
    dass die Formpresse eine Stanzflanke (303) aufweist, die beim Pressen gegen den Rohling drückt, wobei die Stanzflanke einen zweiten Winkel (γ) von nicht mehr als 5° mit den Holzfasern des in der Matrize positionierten Rohlings bildet,
    wobei die Kontaktfläche zwischen der Formpresse (30) und dem Rohling eine erste ebene Fläche (301) senkrecht zu den Holzfasern und eine zweite ebene Fläche (302) umfasst, wobei die Stanzflanke (303) der Formpresse die erste ebene Fläche und die zweite ebene Fläche verbindet,
    sodass beim Pressvorgang die erste ebene Fläche (301) als erster Teil der Formpresse mit dem Rohling in Kontakt kommt und anschließend unter dem Einfluss des Drucks in diesen eindringt.
  2. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Matrize (20) eine erste, im Wesentlichen vertikale Führungsflanke (24) aufweist und/oder wobei die Formpresse (30) eine zweite, im Wesentlichen vertikale Führungsflanke (32) aufweist, wobei die zweite Führungsflanke beim Pressen gegen die erste Führungsflanke gleiten kann.
  3. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine maximale Höhe (H) des Rohlings (11) in Richtung der Holzfasern beim Pressen verringert wird.
  4. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Druck während des Pressvorgangs vorzugsweise mehr als 2*106 N/m2, vorzugsweise größer als 5*106 N/m(2) beträgt.
  5. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Stanzflanke (303) eine erste Abschrägung (304) aufweist.
  6. Das Verfahren nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, wobei die erste Abschrägung (304) einen Winkel von höchstens 35° mit einer Bodenfläche der Matrize bildet.
  7. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Matrize (20) eine Positionierungsflanke (21) aufweist, die beim Pressen gegen den Rohling drückt und einen ersten Winkel (α) von nicht mehr als 5° mit den Holzfasern des in der Matrize positionierten Rohlings bildet.
  8. Das Verfahren nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, bei dem die Positionierungsflanke (21) eine zweite Abschrägung (211) umfasst.
  9. Das Verfahren nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, bei dem die zweite Abschrägung (211) einen Winkel von höchstens 55° mit einer Bodenfläche der Matrize (23) bildet.
  10. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Formpresse (30) ein Stufenprofil aufweist.
  11. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Formpresse (30) und/oder eine Bodenfläche der Matrize (23) so strukturiert sind, dass sie durch Pressen ein Relief auf dem Rohling bilden.
  12. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling (11) vor dem Pressen eine Dichte von weniger als 0,75 kg/dm3 , vorzugsweise weniger als 0,5 kg/dm3 , aufweist.
  13. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schritt der mechanischen Bearbeitung des Rohlings (11) vor dem Pressen, um dessen Porosität zu erhöhen und dessen Dichte zu verringern.
  14. Das Verfahren nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, wobei die mechanische Bearbeitung mehrere Mikrobohrungen oder Nadelprägungen in Richtung der Holzfasern umfasst.
  15. Das Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Ende der Formpresse (30), das mit dem Rohling in Kontakt steht, ein abgeschrägtes Profil aufweist.
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US20250114962A1 (en) 2025-04-10
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CN118215562A (zh) 2024-06-18
WO2023047347A1 (fr) 2023-03-30
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ES3063096T3 (en) 2026-04-15
CH718995A1 (fr) 2023-03-31

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