EP4345146A1 - Four procédé de production de charbon végétal - Google Patents

Four procédé de production de charbon végétal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4345146A1
EP4345146A1 EP23191288.2A EP23191288A EP4345146A1 EP 4345146 A1 EP4345146 A1 EP 4345146A1 EP 23191288 A EP23191288 A EP 23191288A EP 4345146 A1 EP4345146 A1 EP 4345146A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
embers
fuel
ember
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23191288.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Brantner
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4345146A1 publication Critical patent/EP4345146A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a discharge opening for discharging a gas from the combustion chamber and a removal element for transporting embers from the combustion chamber.
  • the invention further relates to a process for producing biochar and heated gas.
  • a large number of stoves are known from the state of the art in which fuel, such as wood chips or pellets, is burned to generate heat.
  • the combustion residues, in particular the ash, are usually led out of the combustion chamber through an opening, such as a grate, on the underside of the combustion chamber.
  • Such an oven is, for example, from the DE 3323675 A1 in which biomass used as fuel is introduced into an upper area of the combustion chamber using a screw conveyor.
  • the combustion residues collect in a discharge basin in the combustion chamber and are then guided into the lower area of the combustion chamber using rotating blades, where they are discharged from the combustion chamber through a closable opening.
  • a particular disadvantage of the known ovens is the lack of the ability to specifically produce biochar, such as charcoal, in addition to the gas heated by combustion.
  • Biochar can be used to be introduced into agricultural soils, thereby improving soil fertility. This allows the soil to store more water and nutrients, which leads to the proliferation of microorganisms.
  • Charcoal can also be used for another combustion process, particularly as barbecue charcoal.
  • the removal element is designed to selectively remove the top layer of embers from the combustion chamber. This makes it possible to remove the top layer of embers at the optimum time during operation in order to obtain biochar of the desired size or composition.
  • the biochar can be removed as soon as it has been degassed. The remaining embers or remaining fuel, however, remain in the combustion chamber. This makes it possible to produce biochar in a targeted manner in a simple manner using the oven according to the invention. Because only the top layer of embers is removed, combustion in the combustion chamber is disturbed as little as possible.
  • the fuel that can be used in the oven according to the invention can include, for example, wood chips, pellets or pieces of wood.
  • the combustion chamber has a removal opening, wherein the removal element is designed to remove the top layer of embers from the combustion chamber through the removal opening.
  • the removal opening can preferably be opened optionally in order to transport the layer of embers out of the combustion chamber. It is preferably provided that the removal element is designed to essentially close the removal opening in one position.
  • an ember container is also provided, wherein the removal element is designed to transport the top layer of embers from the combustion chamber into the ember container.
  • the embers or biochar that is brought out can cool down in the ember container.
  • the ember container is preferably detachably or firmly connected to the oven.
  • the ember container can be unconnected or unconnectable to the oven.
  • the ember container preferably has a lid to optionally seal the ember container airtight. This removes oxygen from the embers transported from the combustion chamber into the ember container, thereby stopping combustion so that the embers cool down.
  • the lid is preferably only opened when new embers are introduced from the combustion chamber into the ember container.
  • the lid is preferably mechanically or electrically connected to the removal element. so that the lid can be opened and then closed during the removal process.
  • the ember container particularly preferably has a sieve element.
  • two ember chambers are provided next to one another, with the openings of the ember chambers preferably being formed at substantially the same height in the vertical direction.
  • the opening of the first ember chamber arranged closer to the combustion chamber has a sieve element.
  • the embers are moved over the sieve element, in particular with the aid of the removal element, with smaller embers falling into the first ember chamber and larger embers falling into the second ember chamber arranged next to the first ember chamber.
  • two ember chambers separated by the sieve element are formed within the ember container.
  • the sieve element is arranged horizontally or at an angle to the vertical axis, so that the fine particles of the embers fall through the sieve element into a lower first chamber, while the larger ember components remain in the upper second chamber.
  • the embers released can be sorted according to the size of the individual embers.
  • Three or more ember chambers can also be provided in order to be able to sort the embers even more precisely.
  • two or more sieve elements which preferably have different mesh sizes, are also provided.
  • the ember container also preferably has a temperature sensor in order to monitor the cooling of the embers within the ember container and, if necessary, to cause the embers to be removed from the container if the temperature falls below a certain value.
  • a temperature sensor in order to be able to determine the temperature in the ember chambers separately.
  • a transport device for example a screw conveyor, is preferably provided in the lower area of the ember container to transport the embers out of the ember container. If two ember chambers are provided, each of the ember chambers preferably has a transport device.
  • the transport device is preferably located essentially at the lowest point in the ember container or in the ember chamber, so that the embers to be transported away are fed to the transport device by gravity.
  • a cooling pipe is preferably provided, which is connected on the one hand to an air supply opening, preferably the primary air supply, of the combustion chamber and on the other hand to an air intake opening, with a section of the cooling pipe being arranged in the ember container or on the outside of the ember container.
  • the air supplied to the combustion chamber via the primary air supply is first guided through or past the ember container. This makes it possible for heat to be transferred during operation from the embers arranged in the ember container to the air supplied to the combustion chamber, so that, for example, the fuel arranged below the ember bed is pre-dried.
  • the removal element can be guided between a first position and a second position, preferably essentially in a translational manner.
  • the removal element can preferably be moved essentially in a horizontal direction between a first position and a second position.
  • the removal element is in a first position during operation of the furnace, for example inside or outside the combustion chamber, and is moved to a second position if embers are to be removed from the combustion chamber.
  • the embers are transported, for example pushed, out of the combustion chamber through a removal opening.
  • the removal element can then be brought back into the first position.
  • the removal element is preferably designed such that in the second position at least part of the removal element is arranged outside the combustion chamber. This enables the embers to be transported safely out of the combustion chamber, in particular when the embers are transported into an ember container.
  • the extraction element preferably has one or more openings so that gas can pass from the area below the extraction element in the combustion chamber to the area above the extraction element.
  • the combustion chamber is a space essentially delimited by walls or floor and ceiling elements, which has, for example, one or more openings for the supply and removal of materials into and out of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber can, for example, essentially have the shape of a vertical cylinder.
  • a feed element is preferably provided which is designed to introduce fuel into the lower region of the combustion chamber. This design makes it possible to introduce fuel into the combustion chamber during operation without mixing the newly introduced fuel with the embers in the upper area and thus disrupting combustion, in particular the formation of biochar.
  • the combustion chamber has an optionally closable supply opening, wherein the supply element is designed to introduce fuel into the combustion chamber through the supply opening.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber is formed by the closable supply opening or that the bottom of the combustion chamber has the closable supply opening. This makes it possible to supply fuel to the combustion chamber in a vertical direction from below, whereby the fuel in the combustion chamber is pushed upwards and after the supply, the newly added fuel is arranged at the very bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • the supply opening is only opened for the supply process and is closed during normal operation.
  • a closing element is provided which can, for example, be translated or pivoted between an open and a closed position.
  • the feed element comprises a feed slide that is movable, preferably in a translational manner, in order to introduce fuel into the combustion chamber through the feed opening.
  • the feed slide can, for example, be designed to push the fuel material into the combustion chamber in a substantially vertical direction, in particular if the feed opening is arranged in the bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • the feed slide can, for example, be arranged to be essentially movable in the horizontal direction, in particular if the feed opening is arranged in a side wall of the combustion chamber.
  • Other arrangements of the feed slide are also possible, so that the feed slide can be moved, for example, at an angle to the vertical or horizontal.
  • the feed slide is preferably displaceable between a first position and a second position.
  • the feed slider In the first position the feed slider is in one Waiting position and is arranged at a distance from the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the feed slide In the second position, the feed slide is in an end position in which the desired amount of fuel has been introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • the feed slide In the second position, the feed slide preferably forms at least part of the bottom of the combustion chamber. This allows the combustion chamber to be filled in a vertical direction from below with the maximum capacity of the feed slide. For example, when the feed slide is in the second position, the feed opening can be closed. This prevents fuel from falling out of the combustion chamber again.
  • the feed slide is then moved back to the first position.
  • the feed slide for example together with walls surrounding the feed slide, preferably forms a cavity into which fuel can be introduced in order to then be introduced into the combustion chamber through the feed slide.
  • a preferably translationally movable conveying element is preferably provided, which is designed to supply fuel to the supply element.
  • the supply element serves to supply the fuel into the combustion chamber, while the conveying element serves to supply the fuel to the supply element.
  • the conveying element is preferably designed as a translationally movable conveyor slide. If the supply slide is arranged to be displaceable essentially in the vertical direction, the conveying element, e.g. the conveyor slide, is preferably arranged to be displaceable essentially in the horizontal direction. This enables simple and efficient filling of a cavity formed by the supply slide and possibly other elements such as walls. It is preferably provided that the conveyor slide is arranged to be movable between a first position and a second position.
  • the conveyor slide can be arranged in the first position, away from the supply slide.
  • the conveyor slide is preferably arranged at least partially above the supply slide or the cavity of the supply slide.
  • the conveyor slide is arranged in the second position such that the cavity is substantially covered by the conveyor slide.
  • the conveying element is preferably guided in a conveying guide, which is, for example, essentially shaft-shaped or tubular.
  • a filling opening is preferably provided in the conveying guide.
  • a pre-filling chamber into which the fuel can be filled is arranged above the filling opening.
  • the fuel can be introduced into the conveyor guide through the filling opening due to gravity.
  • the fuel is then fed to the feed element by the conveying element.
  • a cutting edge is preferably provided on the side of the filling opening facing the combustion chamber in order to prevent lumpy fuel material from jamming between the edge of the filling opening and the conveying element when the conveying element is guided into the second position.
  • the cutting edge cuts off the corresponding parts of the fuel, thereby preventing it from becoming trapped.
  • the side of the filling opening facing the combustion chamber has brushes which are arranged in front of a cutting edge in the direction of movement of the conveying element to the second position. These brushes prevent foreign objects such as stones or metal parts from reaching the cutting edge.
  • two or more rows of brushes are arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement of the conveying element.
  • a primary air supply is preferably provided in the lower area of the combustion chamber and a secondary air supply in the upper area.
  • the primary air supply is arranged, for example, near the bottom of the combustion chamber and the secondary air supply above the extraction element.
  • the primary air supply and the secondary air supply can each be designed to be adjustable in order to regulate the amount of air supplied.
  • the combustion chamber preferably has a flame sensor to monitor whether the flame is burning in the combustion chamber.
  • the flame sensor can be, for example, a photocell or a lambda probe. If the flame sensor detects that the flame has gone out, an ignition device can be activated, for example, to reignite the flame.
  • the combustion chamber preferably has a first ignition device, which is preferably arranged above the extraction element, and a second ignition device, which is preferably arranged below the extraction element.
  • the first one serves Ignition device for igniting a flame fed by wood gas, while the second ignition device is used to ignite the fuel.
  • the ignition devices can be, for example, electrical ignition devices.
  • a lambda probe is preferably provided in the combustion chamber in the area of the embers or ember bed in order to determine the combustion air ratio in this area. Based on this, for example, the air supply can be controlled to prevent the resulting gas (especially wood gas) from burning in the area of the embers, which would cause the embers themselves to burn.
  • An ember bed sensor is preferably provided in the combustion chamber in order to control the fuel supply, particularly if the oven is only used for heating.
  • a control unit is provided which is connected to the above-mentioned sensors or actuators in order to regulate the combustion process as well as the respective supply and discharge to the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber and/or the ember container are preferably thermally insulated in order to keep heat loss to the environment as low as possible.
  • the movable elements of the device according to the invention for example the supply element, the removal element and the conveying element, can be driven hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically and preferably have a force limitation so that, for example if a foreign body gets into the path of movement of a movable element, no damage can occur.
  • a method for producing biochar and heated gas in which in a first step fuel is introduced into a combustion chamber, the fuel is ignited in a second step and in a third step the top layer of embers is removed from the combustion chamber Will get removed. The first step takes place here, then the second step and finally the third step.
  • a fourth step further fuel is introduced into a lower region of the combustion chamber.
  • the fourth step can take place either after the third step or, preferably between the second and third steps. It is possible, for example, to transport or push the top layer of embers to the removal element by supplying the fuel.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out using an oven according to the invention.
  • the furnace according to the invention can always be operated in the desired optimal operating state in order to ensure optimal combustion.
  • the gas produced during operation can, depending on requirements, be burned directly in the combustion chamber or extracted from the combustion chamber, for example to be used in a combined heat and power plant to generate electricity or heat.
  • the combustion of the fuel is interrupted after the wood gas has escaped and the embers are ejected into the ember container through the extraction element.
  • the wood gas is burned cleanly in the combustion chamber. Only about a third of the energy stored in the fuel is burned.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an oven according to the invention in a first operating state
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the oven according to the invention Fig. 1 in a second operating state
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the oven according to the invention Fig. 1 in a third operating state
  • Fig. 4 a detailed view of an ember container
  • Fig. 5 a detailed view of a feed to a conveyor element.
  • FIG. 1 A furnace according to the invention is shown in a first operating state, comprising a combustion chamber 1 which has a discharge opening 2 for discharging a gas from the combustion chamber 1. Burning embers 3 and additional fuel 4 are already arranged in the combustion chamber 1. In the area of the top layer of the embers 3 there is a removal element 5 designed as a removal slide, which is in the rest position. At the same height as the removal element 5, a removal opening 6 is provided in a side wall of the combustion chamber 1. Above the extraction element 5, a secondary air supply 7 is arranged in a side wall of the combustion chamber 1. Above the secondary air supply 7, a first ignition device 8 is also provided in the side wall of the combustion chamber 1.
  • ember container 9 Below the removal opening 6 there is an ember container 9, which is arranged in such a way that embers 3 emerging from the removal opening 6 fall into the ember container 9.
  • the ember container 9 is provided with an airtight lid 10, which closes the ember container 9 in this operating state.
  • Embers 11 that have already been removed from the combustion chamber 1 are located in the ember container 9.
  • a second ignition device 12 is also arranged in a side wall of the combustion chamber 1.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 is formed by a closing element 13 designed as a closing slide, which closes a supply opening 14.
  • a primary air supply 15 is arranged in a side wall of the combustion chamber 1 directly above the closing element 13. Above the primary air supply 15 there is a temperature sensor 16, which is designed to detect the temperature in the combustion chamber 1.
  • a feed element 17 designed as a feed slide is shown in a rest position.
  • a pre-filling chamber 19 is arranged, which is filled with fuel 4.
  • the pre-filling chamber 19 has a filling opening 20 at the bottom, through which fuel 4 falls into a tubular guide of a conveying element 21 designed as a conveying slide.
  • the edge 22 of the filling opening 20 facing the combustion chamber 1 is designed as a cutting element and additionally has, for example, brushes ( Fig. 5 ).
  • Fig.1 In the operating state shown, the fuel 4 is burned, so that on the one hand embers 3, e.g. biochar, and on the other hand heated gas (wood gas) is produced, which is burned in a flame 23.
  • the heated exhaust gas thus produced is then led out of the combustion chamber 1 through the discharge opening 2.
  • the primary air supply 15 and the secondary air supply 7 can be regulated accordingly.
  • Fig.2 A second operating state is shown, whereby the supply of further fuel 4 into the combustion chamber 1 is now being prepared.
  • This process can be triggered, for example, by the temperature sensor 16 having detected a certain temperature threshold value, which indicates that the embers 3 have formed a sufficiently thick layer.
  • the conveyor element 21 is moved from the Fig.1 shown first position in the Fig.2 shown second position.
  • the fuel 4 arranged in the guide of the conveyor element 21 is brought into the cavity 18 formed by the feed element 17 and lies on the feed element 17.
  • the fuel 4 is stripped off at the edge 22 of the filling opening 20, for example with the help of brushes arranged on the edge 22.
  • the cavity 18 is covered by the conveyor element 21, whereby the fuel 4 is evenly distributed in the cavity 18.
  • the conveyor element 21 can be guided even further to the left so that the cavity 18 is essentially completely covered or delimited by the conveyor element 21. This improves the evenness of the distribution of the fuel in the cavity 18.
  • a third operating state is shown, with the operating state according to Fig. 2 prepared fuel 4 was introduced into the combustion chamber 1 through the feed element 17 through the opening 14.
  • the conveying element 21 was first moved in the direction of the first position, so that the feed element 17 can be guided in the direction of the combustion chamber 1.
  • the closing element 13 was then opened and the feed element 17 was guided further towards the combustion chamber 1 until the feed element 17 was in the in Fig. 3 shown second position. Now the closing element 13 is closed again and the supply of fuel 4 is completed.
  • the removal element 5 was moved from the first position to the Fig.3 shown second position, whereby the top layer of embers 3 was pressed through the combustion chamber opening 6 into the ember container 9.
  • the lid 10 is opened. Since the oxygen is removed from the embers 11 arranged in the ember container 9 by means of the closed lid 10, the combustion ends and the embers 11 cool down.
  • the removal element 5, the feed element 17 and the conveying element 21 are brought back into the first position ( Fig. 1 ). If the flame 23 in the combustion chamber 1 goes out while the embers 3 are being removed by the removal element 5, it can be re-ignited using the first ignition device 8.
  • FIG.4 a detailed representation of an alternative design of an ember container 9 is shown.
  • the ember container 9 has a first chamber 24 and a second chamber 25, each of which has an opening that can be covered by the lid 10.
  • the opening of the first chamber 24 also has a sieve element 26. If embers 3 are pushed through the removal element 5 to the ember container 9, small parts fall through the sieve element 26 into the first ember chamber 24 and larger parts of the embers 3 fall into the second ember chamber 25.
  • a temperature sensor 27, 28 and a conveyor screw 29, 30 are arranged in the lower area of the ember chambers 24, 25.
  • a cooling pipe 31 is also shown, which leads through the ember container 9 and to the primary air supply 15. In the ember container 9, the air is heated by the embers 11 arranged in the ember container 9.
  • Fig.5 a detailed view of the edge 22 of the opening 21 is shown.
  • Two rows of brushes 32 are arranged in front of the edge 22, which is designed as a cutting edge, in the direction of the pre-filling chamber 19 in order to catch any foreign bodies that may be present before they reach the edge 22.
  • the feed element 17 moves in the direction of the combustion chamber 1, protruding fuel 4 is cut at the edge 22, so that fuel is prevented from becoming trapped between the edge 22 and the feed element 17.
EP23191288.2A 2022-09-28 2023-08-14 Four procédé de production de charbon végétal Pending EP4345146A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50744/2022A AT526549A1 (de) 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 Ofen

Publications (1)

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EP4345146A1 true EP4345146A1 (fr) 2024-04-03

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EP23191288.2A Pending EP4345146A1 (fr) 2022-09-28 2023-08-14 Four procédé de production de charbon végétal

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AT (1) AT526549A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3323675A1 (de) 1983-07-01 1985-02-28 Richard Dipl.-Ing. 3170 Gifhorn Janesch Einrichtung zur karbonisierung, vergasung, biooel-gewinnung und synthesegas-gewinnung
KR20140000607A (ko) * 2012-06-22 2014-01-03 안영하 이동식 탄화로 시스템

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3633659B2 (ja) * 1995-02-14 2005-03-30 武 新井 製炭炉
DE102018000255A1 (de) * 2018-01-13 2019-07-18 Walter Kuntschar Anlage zur Erzeugung von Biokohle (Biokohleerzeuger)
DE102019117900A1 (de) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Christian Engelhardt Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Pflanzenkohle und/oder zur Wärmegewinnung
DE102020103807B3 (de) * 2020-02-13 2021-05-06 Nils Ole Dauskardt Brenneinrichtung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3323675A1 (de) 1983-07-01 1985-02-28 Richard Dipl.-Ing. 3170 Gifhorn Janesch Einrichtung zur karbonisierung, vergasung, biooel-gewinnung und synthesegas-gewinnung
KR20140000607A (ko) * 2012-06-22 2014-01-03 안영하 이동식 탄화로 시스템

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