EP4326783A1 - Polymerisationsinhibitoren - Google Patents
PolymerisationsinhibitorenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4326783A1 EP4326783A1 EP22721782.5A EP22721782A EP4326783A1 EP 4326783 A1 EP4326783 A1 EP 4326783A1 EP 22721782 A EP22721782 A EP 22721782A EP 4326783 A1 EP4326783 A1 EP 4326783A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- hydroxy
- pyrazole
- ethyl
- tert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZFCLQDSMCGVNRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=NN(C)C(C)=C1O Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C)=C1O ZFCLQDSMCGVNRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TYRVHURASXWSHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)N1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CC Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)N1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CC TYRVHURASXWSHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KAUABWYBFARJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazol-4-ol Chemical class OC=1C=NNC=1 KAUABWYBFARJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 1- sec-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazole Chemical compound 0.000 description 271
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 18
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GTVJTOUCOLLRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylpyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound CC(C)N1C=C(O)C=N1 GTVJTOUCOLLRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZIBUOSRWDAHVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=NN(C)C(C)=C1O ZIBUOSRWDAHVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(prop-2-enoyloxy)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YAYNCIRKKWHPCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC1=NNC(CCC)=C1O Chemical compound CCCCC1=NNC(CCC)=C1O YAYNCIRKKWHPCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical class NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJDJPXUIZYHXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen sulfate;methylaminoazanium Chemical compound CN[NH3+].OS([O-])(=O)=O KJDJPXUIZYHXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- GWENLLRIMBJBRA-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-4-amino-3-methyl-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O GWENLLRIMBJBRA-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-OWOJBTEDSA-M (e)-4-amino-4-oxobut-2-enoate Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-OWOJBTEDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NQQRXZOPZBKCNF-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-but-2-enamide Chemical compound C\C=C\C(N)=O NQQRXZOPZBKCNF-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWENLLRIMBJBRA-IHWYPQMZSA-N (z)-4-amino-3-methyl-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O GWENLLRIMBJBRA-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTTAQTZGMTWGKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbamoylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O WTTAQTZGMTWGKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.CCC(CO)(CO)CO GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQLMNKHEUWDSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 QQLMNKHEUWDSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJGSTYXLEKBXKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butyl-1,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CCCC XJGSTYXLEKBXKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRZZXLJCJKJII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-carbamoylbut-3-enoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(=C)CC(O)=O BLRZZXLJCJKJII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZIGHCFMNBYYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound C(C)C1=C(C(=NN1)C)O JZIGHCFMNBYYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXDPXBWYDUACPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,5-diphenylpyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound OC=1C(C)=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 IXDPXBWYDUACPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRFOGDMDZOPOBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-1h-pyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound CCC=1NN=CC=1O GRFOGDMDZOPOBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISCPEYLLSKTJPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1-propan-2-ylpyrazol-4-ol Chemical compound CC(C)n1ncc(O)c1C ISCPEYLLSKTJPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZICRALLMHKILDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-propan-2-yl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=NN1 ZICRALLMHKILDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBNRQCHCKIIYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-propyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=NN1 QBNRQCHCKIIYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYISAMGVJMRICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CCOC2=C1C=CC=C2C(C)(C)C RYISAMGVJMRICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZEXEBLSWNEDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C PZEXEBLSWNEDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYXIUXUPUBSTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC Chemical compound C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC CYXIUXUPUBSTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYEHCYBRUNNYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC(C)C BYEHCYBRUNNYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTPQQASVKRHEPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCC Chemical compound C(C(C)C)N1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCC UTPQQASVKRHEPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GBVIHKJLWAYWBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)N1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCCC Chemical compound C(CCC)N1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCCC GBVIHKJLWAYWBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOKHRZUAISDRSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=C(C(=NN1C)CC)O Chemical compound CCC1=C(C(=NN1C)CC)O VOKHRZUAISDRSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXOIHSURVGRZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C OXOIHSURVGRZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPTJLFQUGJSYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC OPTJLFQUGJSYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRWGOGLLBIOAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CC(C)C NRWGOGLLBIOAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWGOUQWSYYIMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCC YWGOUQWSYYIMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBZXZMKJCPEHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)(C)C)O)CCCC MBZXZMKJCPEHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOBVKUIKLRNZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C JOBVKUIKLRNZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFCZMNJVCRUXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CC KFCZMNJVCRUXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTOQMGAOIBHJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CC(C)C RTOQMGAOIBHJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZTRFFLTASSCJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CCC OZTRFFLTASSCJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWRXSNBRLGDWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C(C)C)O)CCCC GWRXSNBRLGDWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEQPJVWNRMTPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)C(C)(C)C SOEQPJVWNRMTPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPFMQDMXEFPOSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CC(C)C ZPFMQDMXEFPOSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFHZQJYMFZGMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1C)O)CCC TVFHZQJYMFZGMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACRWCJYGIGVPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C ACRWCJYGIGVPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHWOGVVMQVBYRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CC XHWOGVVMQVBYRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOQIEGUIVVTZFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CC(C)C FOQIEGUIVVTZFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XELKVDAGBVRFJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CCC XELKVDAGBVRFJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUWJTCHMQJQWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC(C)C)O)CCCC KUWJTCHMQJQWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXKVDOUNYIMSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)C(C)(C)C NXKVDOUNYIMSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLEFUAOWZODHPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CC(C)C NLEFUAOWZODHPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWBCZGRQPKRHAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CCC LWBCZGRQPKRHAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYGPQWHXKGWINH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CC)O)CCCC KYGPQWHXKGWINH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXIVRLPIUCVARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)C(C)(C)C BXIVRLPIUCVARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKBLAPRQEAPSSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CC GKBLAPRQEAPSSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYXSYROSERSEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CC(C)C IYXSYROSERSEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHJSYRZKVQSMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CCC LTHJSYRZKVQSMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMXVIIRVCPFELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCC)O)CCCC IMXVIIRVCPFELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDDVXTDFGXTECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)C(C)(C)C XDDVXTDFGXTECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVKYNVGSJBPLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CC IVKYNVGSJBPLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTJHDKRMIDFVGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CC(C)C Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CC(C)C HTJHDKRMIDFVGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAKXAZGJKFASBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCC IAKXAZGJKFASBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQNZYESJBFQJGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCCC Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(=C1CCCC)O)CCCC WQNZYESJBFQJGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N maleamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCNCC1 FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D231/38—Nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/62—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F120/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixture containing at least one substituted 4-hydroxypyrazole and at least one polymerizable compound.
- Chemical compounds that have one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups have a pronounced tendency to radical polymerization. Such compounds are therefore also referred to below as polymerizable compounds. Because of their tendency to radical polymerization, these compounds are used as monomers to make polymers. However, the pronounced tendency for free-radical polymerization of these compounds is disadvantageous in that it occurs both during storage and transport and during chemical and/or physical processing, such as distillation or rectification, especially under the action of energy, such as heat and/or light , Unwanted, spontaneous radical polymerization can occur. Such uncontrolled polymerization can lead to the gradual formation of polymer deposits, for example on heated surfaces, which makes it necessary to remove the polymer deposits and thus often leads to a reduction in operating times. The uncontrolled polymerizations can even proceed explosively.
- polymerization inhibitors compounds that have an undesirable, prevent or at least slow down spontaneous radical polymerization. Such substances are referred to as polymerization inhibitors.
- Polymerization inhibitors can be used as individual chemical compounds or as mixtures of compounds. Depending on the field of application of the polymerization inhibitor, certain requirements are made of it. For the suitability of a polymerization inhibitor as a transport and/or storage stabilizer of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, it is important that the efficiency of the polymerization inhibitor, ie the extent of polymerization inhibition, can be regulated.
- the polymerization inhibitor should sufficiently prevent or slow down the unwanted, spontaneous free-radical polymerization, whereas the desired free-radical polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated compounds should be possible under appropriate polymerization conditions without the need manoeuvrability, that used in storage and/or transport Having to separate off the polymerization inhibitor beforehand. If the stabilizer used during storage and/or transport is not separated off during the intended polymerization, it is important that it does not adversely affect the intended polymerization, for example by acting unintentionally as a regulator.
- acrylic acid is certainly one of the most important ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- acrylic acid is stabilized against unwanted, spontaneous free-radical polymerization during storage and/or transport with 0.018 to 0.022% by weight of hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ), based on the amount of acrylic acid.
- MEHQ hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- Sufficient stabilization of the acrylic acid against undesired, spontaneous free-radical polymerization by means of MEHQ requires sufficient amounts of oxygen to be dissolved in the acrylic acid.
- Sufficient amounts of oxygen are generally dissolved in acrylic acid when acrylic acid is stored and/or transported under an atmosphere containing 5 to 21% by volume oxygen. In the intended polymerization of acrylic acid, the oxygen content dissolved in the acrylic acid is reduced, as a result of which the efficiency of MEHQ for polymerization inhibition is reduced to such an extent that acrylic acid can be polymerized in the presence of MEHQ.
- MEHQ is also used as a polymerization inhibitor in the storage and/or transport of methacrylic acid, acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters or mixtures containing one or more of the aforementioned compounds.
- MEHQ is one of the most important storage and/or transport stabilizers for polymerizable compounds, in particular for acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters.
- Polymerizable compounds are stored in suitable, permanently installed containers, such as storage tanks or storage containers (see, for example, Acrylic Acid, A Summary of Safety and Action, 4th Edition 2013, 7 Bulk Storage Facilities and Accessories).
- suitable, permanently installed containers such as storage tanks or storage containers (see, for example, Acrylic Acid, A Summary of Safety and Action, 4th Edition 2013, 7 Bulk Storage Facilities and Accessories).
- the polymerizable compounds are in the respective containers for at least one minute, particularly preferably at least 10 minutes, very particularly preferably at least 60 minutes. Although the storage time is theoretically unlimited under appropriate conditions, the storage time is usually reduced to a minimum for economic reasons. It is preferred that, during storage, the polymerizable compounds remain in the respective for a maximum of 180 days, particularly preferably for a maximum of 90 days, very particularly preferably for a maximum of 30 days containers are located. Particularly preferred ranges result from any combination of the aforementioned lower and upper limits.
- Polymerizable compounds are usually transported in suitable, transportable containers such as tanks or containers by ship, railway wagon and/or truck (see, for example, Acrylic Acid, A Summary of Safety and Handling, 4th Edition 2013, 9 Safe Transport of Acrylic Acid) .
- the transportable containers can also be permanently installed on the corresponding means of transport, for example ship tanks or railway tank wagons.
- the containers it is also possible for the containers to be stored at a specific location for a certain period of time before they are transported to another location.
- Polymerizable compounds can also be transported in pipelines or hoses, for example after purification of the polymerizable compounds to the storage tank, during loading from the storage tank into a transportable container and/or during loading from one transportable container into another.
- the polymerizable compounds are in the respective containers for at least 10 seconds, preferably at least one minute, particularly preferably at least 10 minutes, very particularly preferably at least 60 minutes. Although the duration is theoretically unlimited under the right conditions, the duration is usually reduced to a minimum for economic and safety reasons. It is preferable for the polymerizable compounds to be in the respective containers during transport for a maximum of 180 days, particularly preferably for a maximum of 90 days, very particularly preferably for a maximum of 30 days. Particularly preferred ranges result from any combination of the aforementioned lower and upper limits.
- the object of the present invention was to provide mixtures which contain at least one polymerizable compound, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid ester and/or methacrylic acid ester, and at least one polymerization inhibitor.
- the polymerization inhibitors are intended to ensure adequate stabilization of the compounds capable of polymerizing against unwanted free-radical polymerization. In the case of the desired free-radical polymerization, however, there should be no need to separate the polymerization inhibitors from the mixture before the polymerization.
- the polymerization inhibitors should therefore not act as polymerization regulators and/or polymerization inhibitors in the desired radical polymerization.
- R 1 is H, Cr to C 6 alkyl, preferably H, Cr to C4 alkyl,
- R 2 is C2- to Cs-alkyl, preferably C2- to C4-alkyl, particularly preferably C2- to C3-alkyl, very particularly preferably C2-alkyl, and
- R 3 is Cr to C 6 -alkyl , preferably Cr to C4-alkyl, particularly preferably Cr to C3-alkyl, very particularly preferably Cr or C2-alkyl, and at least one polymerizable compound.
- Examples of suitable compounds of the general formula (I) are 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrazole, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpyrazole, 1,3-diethyl-4-hydroxy- 5-methyl-pyrazole,
- 3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxypyrazole 3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methylpyrazole, 1,3,5-triethyl-4-hydroxypyrazole, 3,5-diethyl-4- hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazole, 3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazole, 1-n-butyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazole, 1-isobutyl-3, 5-diethyl-4-hydroxypyrazole, 1-sec-butyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxypyrazole, 1-tert-butyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxypyrazole,
- 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propylpyrazole 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propylpyrazole, 3-isobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5- n-propylpyrazole, 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propylpyrazole, 3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 1-n- butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propylpyrazole, 1,3-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propylpyrazole, 1-sec-butyl-3-isobutyl-4- hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazole, 3-isobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazole,
- the total amount of the compounds of the general formula (I) in the mixture is preferably from 0.0001 to 0.1000% by weight, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.0750% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.0005 to 0.0500% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.0010 to 0.0250% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of polymerizable compounds.
- the total amount of polymerizable compounds in the mixture is preferably at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 99% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the mixture.
- Polymerizable compounds are preferably mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs carboxylic acids, mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs aldehydes, mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs carboxylic acid esters with 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the ester groups, mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs-carboxylic acid amides, mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs-nitriles, mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 - to Cs-carboxylic acid anhydrides, vinyl esters of saturated C2 to C2o carboxylic acids, vinyl ethers of saturated C to Cio alcohols, vinyl aromatics, vinyl heteroaromatics, vinyl lactams with 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, open-chain
- Mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs carboxylic acids for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid and maleic acid
- mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C3 are particularly preferred - to Cs-carboxylic acid esters with 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the ester groups, for example acrylic acid esters with Cr to C2o-alkyl, methacrylic acid esters with Cr to C2o-alkyl, dimethacrylic acid esters with Cr to C2o-alkyl, ethacrylic acid esters with Cr to C20-alkyl, citraconic acid esters with Cr to C20 alkyl, methylenemalonic acid ester with Cr to C2o-alkyl, crotonic acid ester with Cr
- polymerizable compounds are dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, butanediol monoacrylate, dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate.
- the total amount of the compounds of the general formula (I) in the mixture is preferably from 0.0050 to 0.1000% by weight, more preferably from 0.0100 to 0.0750% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.0120 to 0.0500% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.0150 to 0.0250% by weight, based in each case on acrylic acid.
- the total amount of the compounds of the general formula (I) in the mixture is preferably from 0.0001 to 0.0100% by weight, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.0075% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.0005 to 0.0050% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.0010 to 0.0020% by weight, based in each case on the total amount Methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Another subject of the present invention is the use of at least one compound of the general formula (I), as defined above, for inhibiting the polymerization of at least one polymerizable compound.
- Another subject of the present invention is a process for storing and/or transporting a mixture containing at least one compound of the general formula (I) as defined above and at least one polymerizable compound.
- the mixture is usually stored and/or transported under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the mixture is preferably stored in a container and the mixture in the container under an oxygen-containing atmosphere with an oxygen content of 5 to 10% by volume is regularly circulated, for example by completely pumping over the contents of the tank at least once a week.
- the relatively low oxygen content prevents ignitable gas mixtures in the container.
- the agitation replaces spent dissolved oxygen in the liquid polymerizable compound.
- Mixtures according to the invention with acrylic acid as the polymerizable compound are particularly suitable for the production of water-swellable polyacrylic acids (superabsorbers) and water-soluble polyacrylic acids.
- superabsorbents The production of superabsorbents is described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition. Volume 35, pages 73-93.
- Mixtures according to the invention with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate as the polymerizable compound are particularly suitable for the production of polymer dispersions.
- Variant A A solution of 24 g (0.511 mol) of methylhydrazine, 44 g (0.734 mol) of acetic acid and 100 ml of water was initially taken. With cooling (8-12°C), 529 g of 40% by weight (2.94 mol) aqueous methylglyoxal was added. The mixture was then heated under reflux for four hours. The mixture was cooled and extracted four times with 1.5 l of ethyl acetate each time. The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate. Then, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica; cyclohexane/ethyl acetate). 21 g (about 100% strength by weight, 0.133 mol) of a pale yellow solid were obtained (3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpyrazole).
- Variant B A solution of 1.47 g (10 mmol) of methyl hydrazine sulfate and 10 ml of water was initially introduced. After heating to 50°C, 3.04 g (25 mmol) of methylglyoxal-1,1-dimethylacetal was added, followed by stirring at 58°C for 21 hours. The mixture was cooled and adjusted to a pH of 7.0 with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (25% strength by weight). The mixture was extracted six times with 8 ml each time of ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate. Then, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
- the monomer used was double distilled to remove the polymerization inhibitor MEHQ. In each case, the stated amount of the specified polymerization inhibitor was added to the monomer obtained.
- each of the respective mixture was filled into a 1.8 ml ampoule and stored at the specified temperature in a circulating air drying cabinet.
- the relative effectiveness is calculated from the quotient of the time it takes the sample to polymerize with the polymerization inhibitor under investigation and the time it takes the sample to polymerize with MEHQ. For MEHQ itself, the effectiveness is therefore 100%.
- MEHQ hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- EHDMP 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazole
- BEHMP 1-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazole
- HDMPP 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl- 1-phenylpyrazole
- HMDPP 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,5-diphenylpyrazole *) comparison
- the polymerization inhibitors according to the invention are more effective than MEHQ.
- reaction mixture was stirred at 95°C for a further hour.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and treated with 80 g of water.
- the acrylic acid used in stream 1 was stabilized with 200 ppm by weight of 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpyrazole or 200 ppm by weight of MEHQ.
- EHDMP 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethylpyrazole
- the polymerization inhibitor of the present invention resulted in a higher molecular weight polyacrylic acid.
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Mischung, enthaltend mindestens ein substituiertes 4-Hydroxy-pyrazol und mindestens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung.
Description
Polymerisationsinhibitoren
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Mischung, enthaltend mindestens ein substituiertes 4-Hydroxy-pyrazol und mindestens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung.
Chemische Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere ethylenisch ungesättigte Gruppen aufweisen, haben eine ausgeprägte Neigung zur radikalischen Polymerisation. Nachfolgend werden solche Verbindungen daher auch als polymerisationsfähige Verbindungen bezeichnet. Aufgrund ihrer Neigung zur radikalischen Polymerisation werden diese Verbindungen als Monomere zur Her stellung von Polymeren verwendet. Die ausgeprägte Neigung zur radikalischen Polymerisation dieser Verbindungen ist jedoch insofern von Nachteil, da es sowohl bei Lagerung und Transport als auch bei der chemischen und/oder physikalischen Bearbeitung, wie Destillation oder Rektifi kation, insbesondere unter Einwirkung von Energie, wie Wärme und/oder Licht, zur uner wünschten, spontanen radikalischen Polymerisation kommen kann. Derartig unkontrollierte Po lymerisationen können zur allmählichen Bildung von Polymerbelägen, beispielsweise auf er wärmten Oberflächen, führen, was eine Entfernung der Polymerbeläge notwendig macht und damit oft zu einer Verkürzung der Betriebszeiten führt. Die unkontrollierten Polymerisationen können sogar explosionsartig verlaufen.
Es ist daher üblich ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen, die eine Neigung zur radikalischen Polymerisation haben, beziehungsweise Gemischen, die solche Verbindungen enthalten, so wohl bei der Lagerung und beim Transport als auch bei der chemischen und/oder physikali schen Bearbeitung Verbindungen zuzusetzen, die eine unerwünschte, spontane radikalische Polymerisation unterbinden oder zumindest verlangsamen. Derartige Substanzen werden als Polymerisationsinhibitoren bezeichnet.
Polymerisationsinhibitoren können als chemische Einzelverbindungen oder als Gemische von Verbindungen eingesetzt werden. Je nach Einsatzgebiet des Polymerisationsinhibitors sind be stimmte Anforderungen an diesen gerichtet. Für die Eignung eines Polymerisationsinhibitors als Transport- und/oder Lagerstabilisator von ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen ist es wich tig, dass die Effizienz des Polymerisationsinhibitors, d.h. das Ausmaß der Polymerisationsinhi bierung, reguliert werden kann. Unter den Bedingungen der Lagerung und/oder dem Transport der ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen soll der Polymerisationsinhibitor die unerwünschte, spontane radikalische Polymerisation ausreichend unterbinden, beziehungsweise verlangsa men, wohingegen die gewollte radikalische Polymerisation der ethylenisch ungesättigten Ver bindungen unter entsprechenden Polymerisationsbedingungen möglich sein soll, ohne die Not wendigkeit, den bei der Lagerung und/oder dem Transport verwendeten
Polymerisationsinhibitor zuvor abtrennen zu müssen. Wird der bei der Lagerung und/oder Transport verwendete Stabilisator bei der gewollten Polymerisation nicht abgetrennt, ist es wichtig, dass dieser während der gewollten Polymerisation diese nicht nachteilig beeinflusst, beispielsweise ungewollt als Regler wirkt.
Gemessen am weltweiten Produktionsvolumen ist Acrylsäure sicherlich eine der bedeutsams ten ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen. Standardmäßig wird Acrylsäure während der La gerung und/oder dem Transport mit 0,018 bis 0,022 Gew.-% Hydrochinonmonomethylether (MEHQ), bezogen auf die Menge Acrylsäure, gegen unerwünschte, spontane radikalische Poly merisation stabilisiert. Für eine ausreichende Stabilisierung der Acrylsäure gegen uner wünschte, spontane radikalische Polymerisation mittels MEHQ ist es notwendig, dass Sauer stoff in ausreichenden Mengen in der Acrylsäure gelöst ist. Ausreichende Mengen von Sauer stoff sind in der Regel dann in der Acrylsäure gelöst, wenn Acrylsäure unter einer Atmosphäre mit 5 bis 21 Vol.% Sauerstoff gelagert und/oder transportiert wird. Bei der gewollten Polymerisa tion von Acrylsäure wird der in der Acrylsäure gelöste Sauerstoffgehalt verringert, wodurch die Effizienz von MEHQ zur Polymerisationsinhibierung derart vermindert wird, dass Acrylsäure in Gegenwart von MEHQ polymerisiert werden kann.
Neben der Verwendung als Polymerisationsinhibitor bei Lagerung und/oder Transport von Ac rylsäure findet MEHQ auch Verwendung als Polymerisationsinhibitor bei der Lagerung und/oder Transport von Methacrylsäure, Acrylsäureestern und/oder Methacrylsäureestern oder von Mi schungen, die eine oder mehr der zuvor genannten Verbindungen enthalten.
Aufgrund der breiten Verwendung stellt MEHQ einen der wichtigsten Lager- und/oder Trans portstabilisatoren für polymerisationsfähige Verbindungen, insbesondere für Acrylsäure, Me thacrylsäure, Acrylsäureester und Methacrylsäureester dar.
Die Lagerung von polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen erfolgt in dafür geeigneten, fest instal lierten Gebinden, wie Lagertanks oder Lagerbehälter (siehe beispielsweise Acrylic Acid, A Sum- mary of Safety and Handlung, 4th Edition 2013, 7 Bulk Storage Facilities and Accessories). Es ist bevorzugt, dass sich bei der Lagerung die polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen mindestens eine Minute, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 Minuten, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindes tens 60 Minuten, in den jeweiligen Gebinden befinden. Obwohl die Dauer der Lagerung unter entsprechenden Bedingungen theoretisch unbeschränkt ist, wird die Lagerungsdauer in der Re gel aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen auf ein Minimum reduziert. Es ist bevorzugt, dass sich bei der Lagerung die polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen für maximal 180 Tage, besonders bevor zugt für maximal 90 Tage, ganz besonders bevorzugt für maximal 30 Tage, in den jeweiligen
Gebinden befinden. Besonders bevorzugte Bereiche ergeben sich aus der beliebigen Kombina tion der zuvor genannten unteren und oberen Grenzen.
Der Transport von polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen erfolgt üblicherweise in dafür geeigne ten, transportablen Gebinden wie Tanks oder Behälter per Schiff, Eisenbahnwagen und/oder Lastwagen (siehe beispielsweise Acrylic Acid, A Summary of Safety and Handling, 4th Edition 2013, 9 Safe Transport of Acrylic Acid). Natürlich können die transportablen Gebinde auch fest auf dem entsprechenden Transportmittel installiert sein, beispielsweise Schifftanks oder Eisen bahnkesselwagen. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, dass die Gebinde für eine gewisse Zeit an ei ner bestimmten Stelle gelagert werden, bevor diese an eine andere Stelle transportiert werden. Der Transport von polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen kann auch in Rohrleitungen oder Schläuchen erfolgen, beispielsweise nach Aufreinigung der polymerisationsfähigen Verbindun gen zum Lagertank, bei der Verladung vom Lagertank in ein transportables Gebinde und/oder bei der Verladung von einem transportablen Gebinde in ein anderes. Es ist bevorzugt, dass sich beim Transport die polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen mindestens 10 Sekunden, bevorzugt mindestens eine Minute, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 Minuten, ganz besonders bevor zugt mindestens 60 Minuten, in den jeweiligen Gebinden befinden. Obwohl die Dauer unter ent sprechenden Bedingungen theoretisch unbeschränkt ist, wird die Dauer in der Regel aus wirt schaftlichen und sicherheitstechnischen Gründen auf ein Minimum reduziert. Es ist bevorzugt, dass sich beim Transport die polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen für maximal 180 Tage, be sonders bevorzugt für maximal 90 Tage, ganz besonders bevorzugt für maximal 30 Tage, in den jeweiligen Gebinden befinden. Besonders bevorzugte Bereiche ergeben sich aus der belie bigen Kombination der zuvor genannten unteren und oberen Grenzen.
Es war die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Mischungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die min destens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung, insbesondere Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Ac rylsäureester und/oder Methacrylsäureester, und mindestens einen Polymerisationsinhibitor enthalten. Die Polymerisationsinhibitoren sollen eine ausreichende Stabilisierung der polymeri sationsfähigen Verbindungen gegen ungewollte radikalische Polymerisation gewährleisten. Bei der gewollten radikalischen Polymerisation soll jedoch keine Notwendigkeit bestehen, die Poly merisationsinhibitoren vor der Polymerisation aus der Mischung abzutrennen. Die Polymerisati onsinhibitoren sollen daher bei der gewollten radikalischen Polymerisation nicht als Polymerisa tionsregler und/oder Polymerisationsinhibitoren wirken.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch Mischungen, enthaltend mindestens eine Verbindung der allge meinen Formel (I)
wobei
R1 H, Cr bis C6-Alkyl, vorzugsweise H, Cr bis C4-Alkyl, ist,
R2 C2- bis Cs-Alkyl, vorzugsweise C2- bis C4-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt C2- bis C3-Alkyl, ganz besonders bevorzugt C2-Alkyl, ist und
R3 Cr bis Cö-Alkyl, vorzugsweise Cr bis C4-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt Cr bis C3-Alkyl, ganz besonders bevorzugt Cr oder C2-Alkyl, ist, und mindestens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung.
Geeignete Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) sind beispielsweise 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5- methyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1- sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-Ethyl-4- hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1 ,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-5- methyl-3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1- lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-py- razol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-Ethyl-4- hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4- Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1- lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl- pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1- ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4- hydroxy-5-methyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1- isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-lsoutyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-1- ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-
4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1,3- Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol, 3-sek- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5- ethyl-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5- ethyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-py- razol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5- ethyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- ethyl- pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5- ethyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol, 3-tert- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-py- razol, 1-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methyl-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol,
3,5-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 1,3,5-Triethyl-4-hydroxy- pyrazol, 3,5-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1- n-Butyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3,5- diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Diet- hyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy- 3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-5- ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-tert- Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Diet- hyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-Ethyl-4- hydroxy-1,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-5- ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-tert- Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl- 1,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-ethyl-
4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-n-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-5- ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-
5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol ,
5-Ethyl-3-lsobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-lsoutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-1,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,3-Diisobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-sek- Butyl-1 ,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-sek- Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3- sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-sek-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3- sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-tert-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-tert- Butyl-1,5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl- 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1- lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-5-etrhyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 1 ,3-Di-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Diet- hyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy- 5-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3- ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-tert- Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-Ethyl-4-hyd- roxy-3,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1,3,5-tri-n-propyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-n-propyl-1- isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-n- propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-n- propyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1- Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-py- razol, 1-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3- isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-py- razol, 3-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol,
3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- lsoutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-py- razol, 1,3-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl- pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- sek-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-pro- pyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n- propyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol,
3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- tert-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl- pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-
5-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n-propyl-pyrazol,
3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Diet- hyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-Ethyl-4- hydroxy-1,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3- ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-tert- Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1- Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1,3-di-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-py- razol, 1-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5- isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-Ethyl-4-hyd- roxy-3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 4-Hydroxy-1 ,3,5- triisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-3,5- diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3,5- diisopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-py- razol, 3-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3- lsoutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-5-isopropyl-py- razol, 3-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl- pyrazol, 1,3-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopro- pyl-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-5-isopropyl- pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isop- ropyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-
5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-5-isopropyl- pyrazol, 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopro- pyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hyd- roxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-pyrazol,
5-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl- 1,3-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-ethyl-
4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-n-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-3- ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl- 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol ,
5-n-Butyl-4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-py- razol, 5-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1 ,5-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-py- razol, 5-n-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3,5 Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-1- ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-4-hydroxy- 1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3,5-Tri-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-1-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-n-butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-3-isobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-n-butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5- n-Butyl-1,3-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5- n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-3-sek-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1,3-di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- methyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-n- Butyl-3-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-n-butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 5-n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-3-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-n-Butyl-1 ,3-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-sek- Butyl-1 ,3-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek- Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5- sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-sek-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5- sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-sek-Butyl-4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-pro- pyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n- propyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl- pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isop- ropyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy- 3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-5-sek-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-n-butyl-5-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-1-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1,5-di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy- pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5- sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-py- razol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-3-isobutyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1 ,3-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1 ,5-Di-sek-butyl-3-isobutyl-4-hyd- roxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3,5-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek- butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek-butyl-
4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3,5-di-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek-butyl-1- isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,3,5-Tri-sek-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-sek-butyl-1- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl- pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-sek-butyl-3-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-sek-butyl- 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-sek-Butyl-1,3-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-lsobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl- 1 ,3-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-3- ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,5- Diisobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5- lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-lsobutyl-4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- lsobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- lsdobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl- pyrazol, 1,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-pro- pyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5- lsobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl-py- razol, 5-lsobutyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl- pyrazol, 1,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopro- pyl-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-5-isobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3- n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-n-butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3- n-Butyl-1,5-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3- n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Diisobutyl-1- ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Diisobutyl-4-hydroxy- 1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3,5-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,3,5-Triisobutyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 1-sek-butyl-3,5-disobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Diisobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3- sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-py- razol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-5-isobutyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1 ,5-diisobutyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Di-sek-butyl-5-isobutyl-4-hyd- roxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5- lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-py- razol, 5-lsobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-isobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 1 ,5-Diisobutyl-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-isobutyl-3-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-lsobutyl-1,3-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 5-tert- Butyl-1 ,3-diethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-tert- Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1- lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 1 ,5-Di-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
5-tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- tert-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1,3-di-n-propyl-pyrazol, 5- tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl- pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- 3-n-propyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-pyrazol,
5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-3-isopropyl- pyrazol, 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,3-diisopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopro- pyl-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl 4-hyd- roxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-pyrazol,
3-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3-n- Butyl-5-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Di-n-butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-py- razol, 3-n-Butyl-1-isobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1-sek-butyl-5-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-n-Butyl-1 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3- lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-py- razol, 3-lsobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-isobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-pyrazol, 1 ,3-Diisobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3-isobutyl-5-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-lsobutyl-1,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol,
3-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl- pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3-sek-butyl-5-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1-isobutyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1,3-Di-sek-butyl- 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol, 3-sek-Butyl-1 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol,
3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-tert- butyl-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-n-propyl-pyrazol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-
4-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-pyrazol, 1-n-Butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-lsobutyl-3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1-sek-Butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyrazol, 1 ,3,5-T ri-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxy-pyrazol.
In der Mischung beträgt die Gesamtmenge der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) vor zugsweise von 0,0001 bis 0,1000 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,0002 bis 0,0750 Gew.-%, beson ders bevorzugt von 0,0005 bis 0,0500 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 0,0010 bis 0,0250 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an polymerisationsfähigen Verbindun gen.
In der Mischung beträgt die Gesamtmenge der polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen vorzugs weise mindestens 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindes tens 80 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 99 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Mischung.
Bei polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäuren, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Aldehyde, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäureester mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen in den Estergruppen, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäureamide, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Nitrile, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäureanhydride, Vinylester von ge sättigten C2- bis C2o-Carbonsäuren, Vinylether von gesättigten C bis Cio-Alkoholen, Vinylaro- maten, Vinylheteroaromaten, Vinyllactame mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen im Ring, offenkettige N-Vinylamidverbindungen und N-Vinylaminverbindungen, Vinylhalogenide, aliphatische, optio nal halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und 1 oder 2 ethylenischen Doppelbindungen, Vinylidene oder beliebige Mischungen aus zwei oder mehr der zuvor ge nannten Verbindungen.
Besonders bevorzugt sind mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Dimethacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Citraconsäure, Methylenmalonsäure, Crotonsäure, Fumarsäure, Mesaconsäure, Itaconsäure und Maleinsäure, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäureester mit 1 bis 20 Kohlen stoffatome in den Estergruppen, beispielsweise Acrylsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Methacryl- säureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Dimethacrylsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Ethacrylsäureester mit Cr bis C20 Alkyl, Citraconsäureester mit Cr bis C20 Alkyl, Methylenmalonsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Crotonsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Fumarsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Me- saconsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, Itaconsäureester mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl und Maleinsäurees ter mit Cr bis C2o-Alkyl, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäu- reamide, beispielsweise Acrylsäureamid, Methacrylsäureamid, Dimethacrylsäureamid, Ethacryl- säureamid, Citraconsäureamid, Methylenmalonsäureamid, Crotonsäureamid, Fumarsäureamid, Mesaconsäureamid, Itaconsäureamid und Maleinsäureamid, mono-, di- oder triethylenisch un gesättigte C3- bis Cs-Nitrile, beispielsweise Acrylnitril und Methacrylnitril, sowie mono-, di- oder triethylenisch ungesättigte C3- bis Cs-Carbonsäureanhydride, beispielsweise Acrylsäureanhyd rid, Methacrylsäureanhydrid, Itaconsäureanhydrid und Maleinsäureanhydrid.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Acrylsäureester mit Cr bis Cs-Al- kyl, wie Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, und Methacrylsäu- reester mit Cr bis Cs-Alkyl, wie Methylmethacrylat.
Weitere geeignete polymerisationsfähige Verbindungen sind Dipropylenglykoldiacrylat, Tripro- pylenglykoldiacrylat, Polyethylenglykoldiacrylat, Glycerintriacrylat, ethoxyliertes Glycerintriac- rylat, Trimethylolpropantriacrylat, ethoxyliertes Trimethylolpropantriacrylat, Butandiolmonoac- rylat, Dicyclopentadienylacrylat, 2-Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat, 2-Hydro- xypropylacrylat.
Mit Acrylsäure als polymerisationsfähiger Verbindung beträgt die Gesamtmenge der Verbindun gen der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Mischung vorzugsweise von 0,0050 bis 0,1000 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,0100 bis 0,0750 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,0120 bis 0,0500 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 0,0150 bis 0,0250 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf Acrylsäure.
Mit Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und/oder 2-Ethylhexylacrylat als polymerisationsfähiger Verbindung beträgt die Gesamtmenge der Verbindungen der allge meinen Formel (I) in der Mischung vorzugsweise von 0,0001 bis 0,0100 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,0002 bis 0,0075 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,0005 bis 0,0050 Gew.-%, ganz beson ders bevorzugt von 0,0010 bis 0,0020 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Me thylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und/oder 2-Ethylhexylacrylat.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung mindestens einer Ver bindung der allgemeinen Formel (I), wie oben definiert, zur Polymerisationsinhibierung mindes tens einer polymerisationsfähigen Verbindung.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Lagerung und/oder Transport einer Mischung, enthaltend mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I), wie oben definiert, und mindestens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung.
Die Mischung wird üblicherweise unter einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre gelagert und/oder transportiert.
Die Mischung wird vorzugsweise unter einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre mit einem Sauer stoffanteil von 5 bis 10 Vol.-% in einem Behälter gelagert und die Mischung im Behälter
regelmäßig umgewälzt wird, beispielsweise indem der Tankinhalt mindestens einmal pro Wo che vollständig umgepumpt wird. Der relativ niedrige Sauerstoffanteil verhindert zündfähige Gasgemische im Behälter. Durch das Umwälzen wird verbrauchter gelöster Sauerstoff in der flüssigen polymerisationsfähigen Verbindung ersetzt.
Erfindungsgemäße Mischungen mit Acrylsäure als polymerisationsfähige Verbindung sind be sonders zur Herstellung von wasserquellbaren Polyacrylsäuren (Superabsorbern) und wasser löslichen Polyacrylsäuren geeignet. Die Herstellung von Superabsorbern wird beispielsweise in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6. Auflage. Band 35, Seiten 73 bis 93 beschrie ben.
Erfindungsgemäße Mischungen mit Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat bzw. 2-Ethylhe- xylacrylat als polymerisationsfähige Verbindung sind besonders zur Herstellung von Polymer dispersionen geeignet.
Beispiele
Herstellung von 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazol
Variante A:Es wurde eine Lösung aus 24 g (0,511 mol) Methylhydrazin, 44 g (0,734 mol) Essig säure und 100 ml Wasser vorgelegt. Unter Kühlung (8 bis 12°C) wurden 529 g 40gew.-%ige (2,94 mol) wässriges Methylglyoxal zugesetzt. Anschließend wurde vier Stunden unter Rück fluss erhitzt. Die Mischung wurde abgekühlt und viermal mit je 1,5 I Essigsäureethylester extra hiert. Die vereinigten organischen Extrakte wurden über Natriumsulfat getrocknet. Anschließend wurde das organische Lösungsmittel bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Das Rohprodukt wurde mittels Säulenchromatographie (Silica; Cyclohexan/Essigsäureethylester). Es wurden 21 g (ca. 100gew.-%ig, 0,133 mol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs erhalten (3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-di- methyl-pyrazol).
Variante B: Es wurde eine Lösung von 1,47 g (10 mmol) Methylhydrazin-Sulfat und 10 ml Was ser vorgelegt. Nach dem Erhitzen auf 50°C wurden 3,04 g (25 mmol) Methylglyoxal- 1,1 -dime- thylacetal zugegeben und anschließend 21 Stunden bei 58°C gerührt. Die Mischung wurde ab gekühlt und mit wässriger Natronlauge (25gew.-%ig) auf einen pH-Wert von 7,0 eingestellt. Die Mischung wurde sechsmal mit je 8 ml Essigsäureethylester extrahiert. Die vereinten organi schen Extrakte wurden über Magnesiumsulfat getrocknet. Anschließend wurde das organische Lösungsmittel bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Es wurden 1,44 g (ca. 78gew.-%ig, 7.3 mmol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs erhalten (3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazol).
Variante C: Es wurde eine Lösung von 11 g (75 mmol) Methylhydrazin-Sulfat und 80 ml Wasser vorgelegt. Nach dem Erhitzen auf 40°C wurden 34 g (188 mmol) 40 gew.-%ige wässriges Me- thylglyoxal zugegeben und anschließend 21 Stunden bei 55°C gerührt. Die Mischung wurde ab gekühlt und mit wässriger Natronlauge (25gew.-%ig) auf einen pH-Wert von 7,0 eingestellt. Die Mischung wurde zweimal mit je 200 ml n-Butylacetat extrahiert. Die vereinten organischen Ex trakte wurden über Magnesiumsulfat getrocknet. Anschließend wurde das organische Lösungs mittel bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Es wurden 8 g (ca. 70gew.-%ig, 36 mmol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs erhalten (3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol).
In einem Autoklaven wurden 7,5 g (48,9 mmol) des schwach gelben Feststoffs, 2,0 g Raney- Nickel und 60 ml Dioxan vorgelegt und 66 bar Wasserstoff aufgedrückt. Anschließend wurde unter Rühren drei Stunden auf 170°C erwärmt. Nach Abkühlen und Entspannen wurde filtriert und das organische Lösungsmittel bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Das Rohprodukt wurde mit tels Säulenchromatographie (Silica; Cyclohexan/Essigsäureethylester). Es wurden 4,0 g (28,5 mmol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs erhalten (3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol).
Herstellung von 1-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol
Es wurde eine Lösung aus 24 g (0,189 mol) tert-Butylylhydrazinhydrochlorid und 100 ml Wasser vorgelegt. Nacheinander wurden 136 g 40gew.-%ige (0,754 mol) wässriges Methylglyoxal und 17 g (0,283 mol) Essigsäure zugesetzt. Anschließend wurde sechs Stunden unter Rückfluss er hitzt. Die Mischung wurde abgekühlt und dreimal mit je 0,5 I Essigsäureethylester extrahiert. Die vereinigten organischen Extrakte wurden mit 0,5 I gesättigter Kochsalzlösung gewaschen und über Natriumsulfat getrocknet. Anschließend wurde das organische Lösungsmittel bei vermin dertem Druck entfernt. Das Rohprodukt wurde mittels Säulenchromatographie (Silica; Cyclohe- xan/Essigsäureethylester). Es wurden 20,6 g (0,106 mol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs er halten (3-Acetyl-1-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazol).
In einem Autoklaven wurden 2,5 g (12,8 mmol) des schwach gelben Feststoffs, 0,8 g Raney- Nickel und 60 ml Dioxan vorgelegt und 61 bar Wasserstoff aufgedrückt. Anschließend wurde unter Rühren drei Stunden auf 170°C erwärmt. Nach Abkühlen und Entspannen wurde filtriert und das organische Lösungsmittel bei vermindertem Druck entfernt. Das Rohprodukt wurde mit tels Säulenchromatographie (Silica; Cyclohexan/Essigsäureethylester). Es wurden 1 ,5 g (8,2
mmol) eines schwach gelben Feststoffs erhalten (1-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-py- razol).
Versuche zur Polymerisationsinhibierung
Das verwendete Monomer wurde zur Entfernung des Polymerisationsinhibitors MEHQ zweifach destilliert. Das erhaltene Monomer wurde jeweils mit der angegebenen Menge des angegebe nen Polymerisationsinhibitors versetzt.
Je 0,5 ml der jeweiligen Mischung wurde in eine 1,8 ml Ampulle abgefüllt und bei der angege benen Temperatur im Umlufttrockenschrank gelagert.
In jeder Testreihe wurden von jeder Mischung jeweils drei Ampullen befüllt und getestet, wobei der Mittelwert der Zeit zur vollständigen Polymerisation visuell erfasst wurde.
Die relative Wirksamkeit berechnet sich aus dem Quotienten aus der Zeit bis zur Polymerisation der Probe mit dem untersuchten Polymerisationsinhibitor und der Zeit bis zur Polymerisation der Probe mit MEHQ. Für MEHQ selbst beträgt die Wirksamkeit somit 100%.
Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 1 und 2 zusammengefasst:
Tabelle 1: Mischungen mit Acrylsäure
Tabelle 2: Mischungen mit Methacrylsäure
MEHQ: Hydrochinonmonomethylether
EHDMP: 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol BEHMP: 1-tert-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol HDMPP: 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-pyrazol HMDPP: 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1 ,5-diphenyl-pyrazol *) Vergleich
Die erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisationsinhibitoren weisen eine im Vergleich zu MEHQ verbes serte Wirksamkeit auf.
Versuche zur Polymerisation
Unter einer Stickstoffatmosphäre wurden in einem Reaktionsgefäß 450 g Wasser vorgelegt. Die vorgelegte Reaktionsmischung wurde unter Rühren auf 95°C erhitzt. Nach Erreichen der Tem peratur von 95°C erfolgte die Dosierung von drei Strömen unter Rühren und unter Beibehaltung der Temperatur.
Strom 1 : Dosierung über 5 h, 500 g Acrylsäure
Strom 2: Dosierung über 4,75 h, 15 g Natriumhypophosphit in 35 g deionisiertem Wasser Strom 3: Dosierung über 5,25 h, 5 g Natriumperoxodisulfat in 66,4 g deionisiertem Wasser
Nach Zugabe der drei Ströme wurde die Reaktionsmischung für eine weitere Stunde bei 95°C gerührt. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde anschließend auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt und mit 80 g Wasser versetzt.
Die in Strom 1 eingesetzte Acrylsäure war mit 200 Gew.-ppm 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl- pyrazol bzw. 200 Gew.-ppm MEHQ stabilisiert.
Die erhaltenen Polymere wurden mittels GPC analysiert (Kalibrierung mit Na-PAA-Standard, Elutionsmittel 0,01 mol/l Phosphatpuffer, pH=7,4 in dest. Wasser, mit 0,01 M NaNß).
Tabelle 3: Polymerisation von Acrylsäure
MEHQ: Hydrochinonmonomethylether
EHDMP: 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-1 ,5-dimethyl-pyrazol
Der erfindungsgemäße Polymerisationsinhibitor führte zu einer Polyacrylsäure mit höherem Molgewicht.
Claims
1. Mischung, enthaltend mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I)
wobei
R1 H, Ci- bis Ce-Alkyl ist,
R2 C2- bis Cö-Alkyl ist und R3 Ci- bis Ce-Alkyl ist, und mindestens eine polymerisationsfähige Verbindung.
2. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, wobei R1 H, Cr bis C4-Alkyl ist, R2 C2- bis C4-Alkyl ist und R3 Cr bis C4-Alkyl ist.
3. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, wobei R1 H, Cr bis C4-Alkyl ist, R2 C2- oder C3-Alkyl ist und R3 Cr bis C3-Alkyl ist.
4. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, wobei R1 H, Cr bis C4-Alkyl ist, R2 C2-Alkyl ist und R3 Cr oder C2-Alkyl ist.
5. Mischung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I) 3-Ethyl-4-hyd- roxy-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazol oder 1-tert.-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrazol ist.
6. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Gesamtmenge der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Mischung von 0,0001 bis 0,1000 Gew.-% beträgt, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an polymerisationsfähigen Verbindungen.
7. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Gesamtmenge der polymerisations fähigen Verbindungen mindestens 5 Gew.-% beträgt, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Mischung.
8. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die polymerisationsfähige Verbindung Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure ist.
9. Mischung nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Gesamtmenge der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Mischung von 0,0050 bis 0,1000 Gew.-% beträgt, bezogen auf die Gesamt menge an Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure.
10. Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die die polymerisationsfähige Verbin dung Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und/oder 2-Ethylhexylac- rylat ist.
11. Mischung nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Gesamtmenge der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Mischung von 0,0001 bis 0,0100 Gew.-% beträgt, bezogen auf die Gesamt menge an Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und/oder 2-Ethylhe- xylacrylat.
12. Verwendung mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (I), wie in einem der An sprüche 1 bis 5 definiert, zur Polymerisationsinhibierung mindestens einer polymerisations fähigen Verbindung.
13. Verfahren zur Lagerung und/oder Transport einer Mischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Mischung unter einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmo sphäre gelagert und/oder transportiert wird.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Mischung unter einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmo sphäre mit einem Sauerstoffanteil von 5 bis 10 Vol.-% in einem Behälter gelagert und die Mischung im Behälter regelmäßig umgewälzt wird.
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