EP4293823A1 - Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen - Google Patents

Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4293823A1
EP4293823A1 EP23178638.5A EP23178638A EP4293823A1 EP 4293823 A1 EP4293823 A1 EP 4293823A1 EP 23178638 A EP23178638 A EP 23178638A EP 4293823 A1 EP4293823 A1 EP 4293823A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
active
active antenna
radiating
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23178638.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thierry Mazeau
Christian Renard
Anthony Ghiotto
Yohan BELLANGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Thales SA, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP4293823A1 publication Critical patent/EP4293823A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/281—Nose antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to active antennas, in particular active antennas for aeronautics, in particular fighter planes.
  • the front-end RADAR of a fighter jet transmits and receives on a front-facing antenna, which is capped with a conical-shaped radome for aerodynamic reasons.
  • the radome is a cone S, with axis A, vertex S0, and half-angle at the vertex ⁇ .
  • the support surface is denoted S'.
  • the active antenna 100 allows the observation of a domain located in front of the nose of the aircraft, that is to say in a reference direction V which is parallel to the axis A of the conical radome .
  • the radiating elements ERij are identical to each other. They are flat. For example, they have a square shape. The center of each radiating element ERij is denoted CRij. Alternatively, a radiating element may have another shape (circular, elliptical, etc.) or use another technology than a radiating plane, such as a dipole antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, etc.
  • the radiating elements are turned, in the transverse plane, towards the axis A. For the antenna to emit a polarized wave, it is then necessary to take into account a relative orientation between the radiating elements.
  • the normal vector Vij defining the direction normal to the surface of the radiating element ERij is parallel to the axis A, whatever i and whatever j, to allow observation of the domain in front of the antenna .
  • the distance between two successive crowns evaluated along axis A is denoted L.
  • the radiating elements ERij carried by a ring Ci must radiate with a phase compensation ⁇ ij proportional to the path difference dij, that is to say to the distance between the ring Ci and the reference plane PRef, so that the total radiation of the active antenna is equivalent to that of a planar active antenna located in the reference plane PRef.
  • FIG. 2 is a simulation of the radiation of an array antenna made up of a matrix of 3x3 radiating elements.
  • the G1 curve corresponds to a planar antenna.
  • the curve G2 corresponds to an antenna according to the first embodiment, with two crowns and such that the first crown, carrying the central radiating element, is arranged in front of the second crown, carrying the eight other radiating elements, of a distance L which is taken as equal to once the wavelength.
  • Curve G3 corresponds to an antenna according to the first embodiment, but this time the distance L is taken as equal to five times the wavelength.
  • the width at 3 dB of the main lobe is approximately 34°, the gain is 14.6 dB, and the side lobe rejection is 16 dB.
  • the width at 3 dB is approximately 30°, the gain is 13.4 dB, and the sidelobe rejection is 12 dB.
  • the regular pattern can be a Cartesian matrix delimited externally by a circle whose radius corresponds to that of the first crown (the widest) and comprising columns of radiating elements according to the reference direction lines according to the reference direction Y of the plan PRef.
  • the radiating elements which straddle two annular zones are eliminated, which leads to a punctually incomplete network.
  • the radiating elements ERij of the active antenna 200 are no longer distributed on circular rings, but on polygonal rings C'i, in this case hexagonal.
  • the vertices of the outer edge of each polygonal crown rest on the cone defined by the radome.
  • the support surface S' of the active antenna 200 is therefore inscribed in the cone S formed by the radome.
  • This variant makes it possible to take into account the geometry of the radiating elements and to optimize the number and placement of the radiating elements.
  • the antenna In a transverse plane, the antenna can be divided into sectors. Two radiating elements located in the same sector are oriented parallel, while two radiating elements from two different sectors have a relative orientation. This relative orientation must be taken into account in order to be able to emit radiation according to a polarity common to all the radiating elements.
  • a relative orientation between radiating elements in the transverse plane can be compensated for example by rotating the radiating elements so that they are all oriented parallel to each other, or by physical or electronic means (such as multi-port radiating elements).
  • the radiating elements ERij of the active antenna 300 are also arranged in a ring around the axis A, but they are inclined relative to the axis A towards the outside of the cone S. This is in order to increase the angular coverage towards the rear of the nose of the plane.
  • the support surface S' on which the radiating elements are installed is here essentially a cone similar to the cone S.
  • a reference plane PRef1 is now chosen perpendicular to the reference direction V1.
  • the angle ⁇ 0 is advantageously chosen to be able to defocus the beam in a direction D making a defocusing angle ⁇ relative to the reference direction V1 so as to maintain the possibility of observing the domain in the axis of the aircraft , that is to say along axis A.
  • ⁇ 0 is chosen equal to cpmax.
  • the radiating elements ERij potentially participating in the observation along the reference direction V1 are the radiating elements of the half-cone resulting from the section of the cone S by an axial plane P0, orthogonal to the plane defined by the directions A and V1.
  • the center CRij of the element ERij projects to the point CEij, which is the center of the element equivalent radiant EEij, resulting from the projection of the element ERij in the reference plane PRef1.
  • This deformation influences the general radiation pattern and the power radiated by each radiating element.
  • the power radiated by the radiating element must then be increased to compensate for this deformation so that the active antenna on the conical surface behaves like a planar active antenna in the reference plane.
  • the active network is reduced to the section of the cone between two axial planes P1 and P2 making an angle ⁇ 0 of +/-60° relative to the plane defined by the directions A and V1.
  • Restricting the number of radiating elements degrades the characteristics of the antenna, in particular the rejection of the side lobes. Additionally, this decreases the “Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power” – EIRP or antenna gain compared to a planar antenna. It may therefore be preferable to relax the constraint on sidelobe rejection to maintain maximum EIRP and minimum main lobe width.
  • the active radiating elements for operation according to the selected reference direction must radiate with a phase compensation ⁇ ij proportional to the distance dij between their center CRij and the reference plane so that the total radiation of the active antenna is equivalent to that of a planar active antenna located in the reference plane.
  • the inclination of the radiating elements limits the radiating surface due to the masking of the radiating elements from each other when the beam is close to the A axis.
  • the shadow zone of a radiating element is proportional to the masking angle and the shape of the radiating element (square, disk, etc.).
  • One way to increase the radiating surface of a radiating element is to give it a spherical shape.
  • Another way to limit this masking is to arrange the radiating elements staggered from one crown to the other.
  • the radiating elements could be arranged not on circular rings, but on polygonal rings.
  • an active antenna on a conical support surface makes it possible to create antenna sub-arrays.
  • the radiating elements of a subnetwork are in a reference direction particular to this subnetwork. It is then possible to orient the beam by electronic phase shift in any direction within an extended RADAR exploration domain.
  • Such an active antenna allows exploration not only forwards, but also to the sides, up to an opening angle relative to the axis of the cone, for example of the order of 120°.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP23178638.5A 2022-06-14 2023-06-12 Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen Pending EP4293823A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2205722A FR3136601A1 (fr) 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Antenne active dont les éléments rayonnants sont montés sur une surface conique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4293823A1 true EP4293823A1 (de) 2023-12-20

Family

ID=83594286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23178638.5A Pending EP4293823A1 (de) 2022-06-14 2023-06-12 Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4293823A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3136601A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650603A1 (de) 1976-11-04 1978-05-11 Siemens Ag Strahlungsgespeiste phasengesteuerte strahlergruppe
EP0512487B1 (de) 1991-05-06 1996-07-24 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn
WO2018036009A1 (zh) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 深圳前海科蓝通信有限公司 智能天线装置和智能天线通信系统

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650603A1 (de) 1976-11-04 1978-05-11 Siemens Ag Strahlungsgespeiste phasengesteuerte strahlergruppe
EP0512487B1 (de) 1991-05-06 1996-07-24 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn
WO2018036009A1 (zh) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 深圳前海科蓝通信有限公司 智能天线装置和智能天线通信系统

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JAECK V ET AL.: "Design and manufacturing of conformal antenna array on a conical surface at 5.2 GHz", 2017 EUROPEAN RADAR CONFERENCE (EURAD), EUROPEAN MICROWAVE ASSOCIATION, 11 October 2017 (2017-10-11), pages 359 - 362
JAECK V ET AL: "Design and manufacturing of conformai antenna array on a conical surface at 5.2 GHz", 2017 EUROPEAN RADAR CONFERENCE (EURAD), EUROPEAN MICROWAVE ASSOCIATION, 11 October 2017 (2017-10-11), pages 359 - 362, XP033292855, DOI: 10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249221 *
YUNXIANG ZHANG ET AL.: "Full-polarisation three-dimensional pattern synthesis for conformal conical arrays with dynamic range ratio constraint by using the initialisations based on équivalence theorem", IET MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS, vol. 9, 1 December 2015 (2015-12-01), XP006054705, ISSN: 1751-8725, DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2015.0273
YUNXIANG ZHANG ET AL: "Full-polarisation three-dimensional pattern synthesis for conformal conical arrays with dynamic range ratio constraint by using the initialisations based on equivalence theorem", IET MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, UNITED KINGDOM, vol. 9, no. 15, 1 December 2015 (2015-12-01), pages 1659 - 1666, XP006106536, ISSN: 1751-8725, DOI: 10.1049/IET-MAP.2015.0273 *

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Publication number Publication date
FR3136601A1 (fr) 2023-12-15

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