EP0512487B1 - Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn - Google Patents

Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512487B1
EP0512487B1 EP19920107598 EP92107598A EP0512487B1 EP 0512487 B1 EP0512487 B1 EP 0512487B1 EP 19920107598 EP19920107598 EP 19920107598 EP 92107598 A EP92107598 A EP 92107598A EP 0512487 B1 EP0512487 B1 EP 0512487B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
antenna
axis
shaped
radiating elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19920107598
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0512487A1 (de
Inventor
Frédéric Magnin
Gérard Raguenet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0512487A1 publication Critical patent/EP0512487A1/de
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Publication of EP0512487B1 publication Critical patent/EP0512487B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-gain shaped lobe antenna.
  • the scrolling and low-orbiting satellites have a very open cone of visibility of the earth: at an altitude of 800 km, the half-angle at the top of the cone is 63 °.
  • the distance of such a satellite to a station inside this cone varies from 800 km (at Nadir) to 2300 km on the edge of the cone.
  • the antennas used for such missions must therefore present a diagram such that the size of PIRE has a maximum at the edge of the cone and is decreasing to Nadir; The dynamics then being of the order of 12 dB.
  • Such templates can include, in addition, either a provision for low levels (at Nadir, the dynamic falling to around 10 dB) or on the contrary a compensation for atmospheric attenuation (proportional to the distance), the dynamic becoming greater than 13 dB.
  • These templates are of revolution in azimuth and have the shape of bowl. They therefore require the use of formed lobe antennas.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an antenna which makes it possible to overcome these drawbacks: that is to say to reduce the number of control points of said antenna, while effectively ensuring the mission considered.
  • an antenna according to claim 1 proposes an antenna according to claim 1.
  • the elevation diagram of said antenna is adjusted by controlling said phase shifters, the azimuth scanning being ensured by switching the generators.
  • the profile can be optimized to determine the shape of the radiation pattern of a generator.
  • the normal to the generator in a plane passing through the axis of symmetry will have a variable orientation depending on the position on the generator.
  • the radiating elements on the generator will have different orientations.
  • the inclination of a radiating element relative to the axis of symmetry is optimized to obtain the desired shape of the radiation diagram of a generator.
  • Such an antenna has the great advantage of allowing two-plane scanning using a single unidirectional control which is distributed in the azimuth plane. It also makes it possible to reduce the number of controls required (one per generator) compared to a conventional antenna which requires control by radiating element.
  • the shape of the radiation lobe can be optimized.
  • a third degree of freedom is thus released in the process of a column of radiating elements located on the same generator.
  • This allows efficient use of the radiating elements in the directions where they must work, and this is all the more interesting as the scanning range is large, with a large deflection, for example greater than +/- 60 °. .
  • This capacity of the invention makes it possible to ensure large deflections and is a decisive advantage compared to planar solutions which suffer from a loss of efficiency in the directions at high site.
  • the antenna of the invention comprises a shaped array 10 arranged on a shaped surface 11 having an axis of symmetry and having any profile (conical, spherical, elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic, etc.).
  • This network consists of generators 12 composed of several sources or radiating elements 13.
  • Each generator 12 is at the intersection of the shaped surface 11 and a plane passing through the axis of symmetry ⁇ (for example the axis of Nadir ).
  • the surface 11 is a conical surface and the generators 12 each have three radiating elements 13.
  • phase shifter 14 In the antenna according to the example of FIG. 1, only one phase shifter 14 is considered per generator 12; a passive distributor 15, dividing the signal in amplitude and in phase between each of the sources, being arranged between the output of this phase shifter 14 and the input of each source 13.
  • This distributor 15 is the same for each generator, so that the geometry of the antenna of the example of FIG. 1 is completely of revolution.
  • This distributor 15 is calculated to obtain a certain diagram of the radiation emitted by the sources 13 of each generator 12 and produce a certain resulting diagram from all the sources 13 of the antenna.
  • phase shifters The role of phase shifters is to compensate for these effects. But as there is only one phase shifter per generator and since the compensation for this propagation delay must be the same for all the sources, it is necessary to calculate the average of the delays. These propagation delays depend on the aiming direction in elevation; that is to say of the inclination of the reference plane P.
  • ⁇ 0 °
  • the phase shifters must only compensate for the rotation of the azimuth polarization plane.
  • phase shifters it is also possible to play on the phase shifters to distort the diagram and adapt it to the elevation of the target station.
  • the azimuth scanning is ensured by a simple switching of the generators since the geometry is of revolution.
  • the number of phase shifters is restricted as far as there are sources on a generator, compared to a conventional shaped structure.
  • the phase shifters of the generators 12 being activated simultaneously, it is possible to carry out scanning in azimuth and in elevation of the antenna.
  • One thus obtains a conformed solution where one wishes to obtain a diagram formed in elevation respecting a gauge, which one simply switches in azimuth, with generators of weak directivity, and of small dimensions.
  • Each of these sources 22 is produced in printed technology; a copper block being etched on a shaped dielectric substrate which produces the pseudo-conical surface, the profile of which is not linear but has an ⁇ -break of approximately 10 ° on the first source from the top.
  • the distributor is etched in the form of copper tracks; itself being connected to a phase shifter. Of the 36 generators, only 9 are active simultaneously. All radiation is therefore controlled by 9 phase shifters at the same time.
  • Figure 6 shows the minimum template 25 and the diagram obtained 26 by compensating for propagation delays in a direction of 62 °.
  • FIG. 7 which shows the same minimum gauge 27 and the diagram obtained 28, we have only modified the value of the 9 phase shifters to compensate for the delays in an elevation direction of 5 ° (these FIGS. 6 and 7 corresponding to directivities Di in dBi).
  • the shaped surface can be of any profile, as long as it has any axis of symmetry.
  • the surface has an axis of symmetry of revolution, but the surface may as well have a symmetry of order 2 (reflection in a plane), such as an ellipse, a parabola or a hyperbola, for example, or it can have a higher order symmetry giving more complex surfaces, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Antenne, die auf einer geformten Fläche (11) eines beliebigen Profils mit mindestens einer Symmetrieachse (Δ) ein geformtes Netz von strahlenden Elementen besitzt, wobei die geformte Fläche (11) mindestens mehrere Mantellinien (12) besitzt, die durch den Schnitt einer Ebene mit der geformten Fläche (11) definiert ist und diese Ebene senkrecht auf der geformten Fläche (11) an der Schnittlinie mit der geformten Fläche (11) steht und die Symmetrieachse (Δ) enthält und wobei jede Mantellinie (12) mehrere strahlende Elemente (13) enthält, die auf jeder der Mantellinien (12) fluchtend angeordnet sind, wobei alle strahlenden Elemente (13) einer Mantellinie (12) an einen gemeinsamen Phasensteuerpunkt und Schaltpunkt für die Mantellinie (12) angeschlossen sind, wobei die Ablenkung in Elevations- sowie Azimutrichtung in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Symmetrieachse (Δ) lediglich durch Steuerung der Phasen der Mantellinien (12) über die Steuerpunkte jeder Mantellinie (12) erhalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antenne eine geformte Keule und einen großen Gewinn besitzt und einen passiven Verteiler (15) für jede Mantellinie (12) aufweist, daß die strahlenden Elemente (13) einer Mantellinie (12) an einen gemeinsamen Steuerpunkt über den passiven Verteiler (15) angeschlossen sind und daß die Amplituden- und Phasengesetze zwischen den strahlenden Elementen (13) der Mantellinie (12) durch die funkelektrischen Eigenschaften des passiven Verteilers (15) festgelegt sind.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mantellinien einen Knick bilden.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geformte Fläche (11) eine drehsymmetrische Fläche um eine Achse (Δ) ist, die parallel zur mittleren Richtung der gebildeten Keule verläuft.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die geformte Fläche (11) nur ein Teil einer drehsymmetrischen Fläche um eine Achse (Δ) parallel zur mittleren Richtung der gebildeten Keule ist.
EP19920107598 1991-05-06 1992-05-06 Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn Expired - Lifetime EP0512487B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9105510 1991-05-06
FR9105510A FR2676310B1 (fr) 1991-05-06 1991-05-06 Antenne a lobe forme et grand gain.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0512487A1 EP0512487A1 (de) 1992-11-11
EP0512487B1 true EP0512487B1 (de) 1996-07-24

Family

ID=9412540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920107598 Expired - Lifetime EP0512487B1 (de) 1991-05-06 1992-05-06 Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0512487B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05129822A (de)
CA (1) CA2067932A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69212378T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2676310B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3136601A1 (fr) * 2022-06-14 2023-12-15 Thales Antenne active dont les éléments rayonnants sont montés sur une surface conique

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009577A1 (en) * 1991-11-08 1993-05-13 Calling Communications Corporation Terrestrial antennas for satellite communication system
FR2698212B1 (fr) * 1992-11-16 1994-12-30 Alcatel Espace Source élémentaire rayonnante pour antenne réseau et sous-ensemble rayonnant comportant de telles sources.
JP2508596B2 (ja) * 1993-06-30 1996-06-19 日本電気株式会社 アレイアンテナ
US6049305A (en) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-11 Qualcomm Incorporated Compact antenna for low and medium earth orbit satellite communication systems
FR2788171A1 (fr) 1998-12-31 2000-07-07 Thomson Multimedia Sa Dispositif de reception de signaux a reseaux a balayage electronique dans un systeme de communication par satellites a defilement
FR2989843B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2015-02-27 Thales Sa Reseau de formation de faisceau d'antenne a faible encombrement pour reseau antennaire circulaire ou tronc-conique
US9620866B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2017-04-11 Raytheon Company Methods and apparatus for fragmented phased array radar
US9843105B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2017-12-12 Honeywell International Inc. Integrated stripline feed network for linear antenna array
EP2827448B1 (de) * 2013-07-16 2019-04-03 TE Connectivity Germany GmbH Antennenelement für drahtlose Kommunikation
US9728855B2 (en) * 2014-01-14 2017-08-08 Honeywell International Inc. Broadband GNSS reference antenna
CN111916912B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-07-27 电子科技大学 低剖面三维分布式共形大范围扫描阵列天线

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2490024B1 (fr) * 1980-09-05 1985-06-07 Thomson Csf Antenne pour missile et missile comprenant une telle antenne
US4816836A (en) * 1986-01-29 1989-03-28 Ball Corporation Conformal antenna and method
US4980692A (en) * 1989-11-29 1990-12-25 Ail Systems, Inc. Frequency independent circular array

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3136601A1 (fr) * 2022-06-14 2023-12-15 Thales Antenne active dont les éléments rayonnants sont montés sur une surface conique
EP4293823A1 (de) 2022-06-14 2023-12-20 Thales Aktive antenne mit auf einer konischen oberfläche montierten strahlungselementen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69212378T2 (de) 1996-11-28
EP0512487A1 (de) 1992-11-11
FR2676310A1 (fr) 1992-11-13
DE69212378D1 (de) 1996-08-29
CA2067932A1 (fr) 1992-11-07
FR2676310B1 (fr) 1993-11-05
JPH05129822A (ja) 1993-05-25

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