EP1902492B1 - Netzwerkantenne mit konformen reflektoren mit hoher rekonfigurierbarkeit im orbit - Google Patents

Netzwerkantenne mit konformen reflektoren mit hoher rekonfigurierbarkeit im orbit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1902492B1
EP1902492B1 EP06779044.4A EP06779044A EP1902492B1 EP 1902492 B1 EP1902492 B1 EP 1902492B1 EP 06779044 A EP06779044 A EP 06779044A EP 1902492 B1 EP1902492 B1 EP 1902492B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
feeds
chosen
array antenna
coverage
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EP06779044.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1902492A2 (de
Inventor
Michel Leveque
Eric Vourch
Jacques Maurel
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart

Definitions

  • the invention relates to reflector (s) network antennas, embedded on satellites and intended to transmit and / or receive beams of electromagnetic waves.
  • reflector array antenna means an antenna composed of a set of sources (or radiating elements), defining a network, and one or more reflectors.
  • the aforementioned reflector network antennas are particularly interesting because they make it possible to form and position one or more radiating beams to one or more given covers. This formation of beams is done by amplitude and / or phase control at the source level.
  • a first solution is to use a direct radiation active array antenna (or DRA), that is to say without reflector.
  • DRA direct radiation active array antenna
  • This type of network antenna offers a very good ability to double reconfigurability, but requires a large number of controls that often prohibits its cost and weight.
  • the low efficiency of the amplifiers that are associated with each of the controls of the DRA induces a dissipation often crippling.
  • a second solution consists in using a source network in the focal plane or in the vicinity of the focal plane of a non-parabolic reflector. consistent (or FAFR).
  • FAFR non-parabolic reflector. consistent
  • This solution is described in particular in the patent document US 4,965,587 .
  • the source network is sized so that each of its sources contributes to a portion of the total coverage.
  • the position of the sources is directly related to the area to be covered. It is determined geometrically by applying the reflection principle on the reflector.
  • the amplitude / phase laws of the different controls must be optimized so that the beams delivered by the sources are combined by giving a radiation pattern adapted to each zone to be covered. If one wishes to cover only one of the zones, initially planned, one uses only the part of the corresponding network.
  • the amplitude dynamics applied to the radiating elements is important, which often makes it necessary, on transmission, to use a device for balancing the power between the amplifiers (called MPA).
  • each of the sources is directly linked to a part of the coverage, on the one hand, imposes redundancy at the level of the amplifiers to avoid the loss of this zone in the event of partial failure, and secondly, induced a number of sources (and often controls) directly related to the size of the coverage.
  • the beam formation architecture is therefore particularly complex, induces additional losses related to the presence of the MPA, and causes fairly high volume and mass.
  • a third solution, variant of the second, has been proposed in the patent document US 2004/0222932 . It consists in placing an array of sources in the focal plane of a reflector whose reflective surface is shaped so as to widen the area covered by each beam having a "flat" radiation pattern in the main lobe delivered by an elementary source. The principle remains the same as that described above, each source only contributing to part of the coverage. Because of the broadening of the elementary beams introduced by the conformation of the reflector, the number of sources necessary for the sampling of the coverage can thus be reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the number of the controls of the antenna.
  • a reflector array antenna comprising i) an array of at least two sources, including a so-called central source, arranged and positioned to emit (or receive) electromagnetic wave beams in selected directions, ii) beam forming means for controlling the amplitude and phase of each of the sources by means of amplitude / phase laws applied to their accesses and to provide an appropriate amplification level, so that each source emits a chosen radiation pattern (constituting a beam and comprising a main lobe) intended to cover a chosen zone, and iii) one or more reflectors responsible for reflecting the beams delivered by the sources (or towards these sources).
  • the invention is not limited to this application.
  • the reflector array antenna (s) according to the invention can operate in transmission, or in reception, or in transmission and reception, and / or may comprise several reflectors, and / or may comprise a network composed of any number of sources, and / or may offer more than two active coverage areas.
  • Such an antenna is primarily intended to be embedded on a satellite of telecommunication.
  • An antenna (reflector array (s)) AR firstly comprises a network RS consisting of at least two sources Si arranged and positioned to deliver electromagnetic wave beams Fi (including signals). in selected directions.
  • the number N of sources Si of the network RS, the positioning of the sources If compared to each other, the type of the sources Si and the respective orientations of the sources Si are chosen according to the mission which is attributed to the antenna AR.
  • one (here S1) is called central, for example because it is placed substantially in the middle of the network RS.
  • Each source Si of the network RS may consist of a radiating element of any type, and for example a circular or rectangular horn, a "patch” (printed element), a "slot", or a propeller, which can operate in transmission and / or reception and in any polarization.
  • the antenna AR also comprises an MFF beam forming module responsible for applying amplitude and / or phase laws and for amplifying the signals of each of the N sources Si of the network RS, so that each source If emits a selected radiation pattern (constituting a beam Fi and comprising a main lobe) for covering a selected area Zi.
  • MFF beam forming module responsible for applying amplitude and / or phase laws and for amplifying the signals of each of the N sources Si of the network RS, so that each source If emits a selected radiation pattern (constituting a beam Fi and comprising a main lobe) for covering a selected area Zi. Any amplification / phase law application and amplification techniques known to man can be used for this purpose.
  • the AR antenna also includes an RC reflector with a three-dimensional (3D) shaped SU surface.
  • This 3D conformation which is in the form of depressions and bumps placed in selected locations of the SU surface, is intended to reflect the beam Fi which is delivered by each source Si while spreading its energy so, a first part, that it covers the associated zone chosen Zi, of a second part, that the lobe of the radiation pattern associated with the central source S1 defines a so-called primary coverage CP completely encompassing each active coverage area ZCj of the antenna AR, of selected shape and dimensions, and a third part, that the main lobe of the diagram of radiation associated with each non-central source Si (i ⁇ 1), and therefore each zone Zi (i ⁇ 1), at least partially covers the primary coverage CP at a zone of intersection ZlCi.
  • active coverage area refers to a zone in which the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the antenna AR must be able to be received by means of a suitable receiver.
  • the zone Z1 (defined by the main lobe of the radiation pattern from the central source S1 of the network RS) therefore defines a so-called primary coverage CP.
  • Each point of this primary coverage CP is therefore located in at least one intersection zone ZICi, and preferably in several intersection zones ZICi.
  • each point of the primary coverage CP is covered by the main lobe of the beam F1 of the central source S1 and by one or more main lobes of the beams Fi (i ⁇ 1) associated with other sources Si ( i ⁇ 1) of the RS network.
  • the behavior of the antenna inside the CP primary coverage is thus very similar to that of a direct radiation network (DRA).
  • DPA direct radiation network
  • the active coverage areas ZCj of the antenna AR can be defined by means of the laws and amplifications applied by the MFF beam forming module.
  • the AR antenna could be designed to provide more than two active coverage areas ZCj, or just one.
  • the conformation of the reflector RC which makes it possible to widen the beams Fi is calculated according to the mission, since it is this which will define the envelope of the primary cover CP which must contain the different zones of active coverage ZCj of the AR antenna.
  • the 3D conformation can be determined by means of polynomial functions (for example of the type Spline or Zernike) applied to an initial reflection surface paraboloid type, using appropriate software (eg POS4 type).
  • the sources Si are placed either in the focal plane of the reflector RC, or outside this focal plane.
  • the reflector RC may comprise a pointing mechanism (not shown in the figures) for modifying the position of the main lobe which is associated with the central source S1 of the network AR.
  • the arrangement of the source network is strongly decorrelated from the coverage of the antenna because it is the 3D conformation of the surface of the reflector that defines the primary coverage CP inside which can be defined any number of spots (or areas of active coverage ZCj) of any shape. This considerably limits the size of the network and the number of sources and therefore significantly reduces the weight and complexity of the controls compared to a conventional parabolic reflector solution or a DRA solution.
  • reducing the size of the source array reduces defocusing aberrations, naturally inducing lower side lobe levels (and therefore better C / I ratios) compared to those obtained with a conventional parabolic reflector solution.
  • the use of small ratios between the focal length of the reflector system and the diameter of the main reflector is then facilitated (especially at the implantation on a satellite).
  • the invention thus combines the advantages of a DRA (direct radiation network) type antenna, namely a strong reconfigurability and a natural redundancy, and the advantages of a FAFR type antenna, namely a high directivity obtained thanks to the conformal surface of the reflector, while avoiding the disadvantages of these two types of antennas, namely the very large number of controls which contributes significantly to the weight and the cost, the loss of efficiency related to the lobes of networks in the case of a DRA antenna, the loss of coverage in the event of faults and the size of the source network depending on the coverage envisaged in the case of a FAFR antenna.
  • DRA direct radiation network

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren (AR), umfassend i) ein Netzwerk (RS) von wenigstens zwei Quellen (Si), darunter eine so genannte zentrale Quelle (S1), so ausgelegt und positioniert, dass sie Strahlen elektromagnetischer Wellen (Fi) in gewählten Richtungen senden und/oder empfangen, ii) Strahlenformungsmittel (MFF) zum Regeln der Amplitude und der Phase jeder der Quellen (Si) mittels auf ihren Port angewandten Amplituden/Phasen-Gesetzen und zum Gewährleisten eines geeigneten Verstärkungsniveaus, so dass jede Quelle (Si) ein gewähltes Strahlungsdiagramm aussendet, das einen Strahl (Fi) bildet und eine Hauptkeule aufweist, zum Abdecken einer gewählten Zone (Zi), und iii) wenigstens einen Reflektor (RC), der mit einer Fläche (SU) zum Reflektieren der von den Quellen (Si) kommenden Strahlen (Fi) und/oder für die Quellen (Si) bestimmten Strahlen ausgestattet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - die Fläche (SU) dreidimensional geformt ist, so dass sie die Form von Mulden und Höckern hat, die sich an gewählten Stellen der Fläche (SU) befinden, um den von jeder Quelle (Si) kommenden Strahl (Fi) zu reflektieren und dabei seine Energie zu verteilen, so dass sie die gewählte assoziierte Zone (Zi) abdeckt, so dass die Hauptkeule des mit der zentralen Quelle (S1) assoziierten Strahlungsdiagramms eine so genannte primäre Deckung (CP) definiert, die integral jede aktive Deckungszone (ZCj) der Antenne (AR) einschließt, mit gewählter Form und gewählten Abmessungen, und so dass die Hauptkeule des mit jeder nicht zentralen Quelle assoziierten Strahlungsdiagramms die primäre Deckung (CP) wenigstens teilweise überlappt, und
    - die Strahlenformungsmittel so ausgelegt sind, dass sie ein Amplituden- und/oder Phasen-Gesetz auf die Ports des Netzwerks von Quellen (Si) anwenden, so gewählt, dass die Kombination von von den Quellen (Si) kommenden Strahlen (Fi) jede der aktiven Deckungszonen (ZCj) definiert.
  2. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primäre Deckung (CP) integral wenigstens eine aktive Deckungszone (ZCj) einschließt.
  3. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primäre Deckung (CP) integral wenigstens zwei aktive Deckungszonen (ZCj) einschließt.
  4. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Quellen (Si) in einer Fokalebene von einem der Reflektoren (RC) positioniert sind.
  5. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Quellen (Si) außerhalb einer Fokalebene von einem der Reflektoren (RC) positioniert sind.
  6. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fläche (SU) des Reflektors (RC) eine allgemeine parabolartige dreidimensional angepasste Form aufweist.
  7. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens einer der Reflektoren einen Zeigemechanismus zum Modifizieren der Position der Hauptkeule in Verbindung mit der zentralen Quelle (S1) des Netzwerks (RS) umfasst.
  8. Netzwerkantenne mit einem oder mehreren Reflektoren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der Quellen (Si) aus einem Strahlungselement besteht, das aus der Gruppe umfassend wenigstens einen kreisförmigen oder rechteckigen Kegel, ein gedrucktes Element, einen Schlitz oder eine Helix ausgewählt ist.
EP06779044.4A 2005-07-13 2006-07-11 Netzwerkantenne mit konformen reflektoren mit hoher rekonfigurierbarkeit im orbit Active EP1902492B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0552175A FR2888674B1 (fr) 2005-07-13 2005-07-13 Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite
PCT/FR2006/050708 WO2007007011A2 (fr) 2005-07-13 2006-07-11 Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1902492A2 EP1902492A2 (de) 2008-03-26
EP1902492B1 true EP1902492B1 (de) 2014-12-31

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06779044.4A Active EP1902492B1 (de) 2005-07-13 2006-07-11 Netzwerkantenne mit konformen reflektoren mit hoher rekonfigurierbarkeit im orbit

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7714792B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1902492B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2009501469A (de)
KR (1) KR20080032182A (de)
CN (1) CN101288204B (de)
BR (1) BRPI0613013A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2619403C (de)
ES (1) ES2533262T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2888674B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1902492E (de)
RU (1) RU2406192C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007007011A2 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11831075B2 (en) 2018-07-12 2023-11-28 Airbus Defence And Space Limited Array-fed reflector antenna

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9035839B2 (en) 2009-09-03 2015-05-19 Troll Systems Corporation Multi-feed diversity receive system and method
FR2952758B1 (fr) * 2009-11-16 2012-02-24 Centre Nat Detudes Spatiales Cnes Antenne a reflecteur(s) et reseau d'alimentation
RU2533058C2 (ru) * 2012-05-15 2014-11-20 Евгений Вячеславович Комраков Универсальное устройство для передачи излучения от источника объекту
FR3026896B1 (fr) * 2014-10-03 2018-07-06 Thales Antenne a reflecteur(s) conforme(s) reconfigurable en orbite
EP3182619B1 (de) * 2015-12-16 2020-12-23 RanLOS AB Verfahren und vorrichtung zum testen von drahtloskommunikation an fahrzeuge
US10516216B2 (en) 2018-01-12 2019-12-24 Eagle Technology, Llc Deployable reflector antenna system
US10707552B2 (en) 2018-08-21 2020-07-07 Eagle Technology, Llc Folded rib truss structure for reflector antenna with zero over stretch
CN110233359B (zh) * 2019-06-21 2020-05-05 四川大学 一种基于3d打印技术的反射面天线

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11831075B2 (en) 2018-07-12 2023-11-28 Airbus Defence And Space Limited Array-fed reflector antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2619403C (en) 2014-11-18
US20080303736A1 (en) 2008-12-11
EP1902492A2 (de) 2008-03-26
PT1902492E (pt) 2015-04-07
CN101288204B (zh) 2012-05-23
JP2009501469A (ja) 2009-01-15
KR20080032182A (ko) 2008-04-14
WO2007007011A2 (fr) 2007-01-18
RU2406192C2 (ru) 2010-12-10
US7714792B2 (en) 2010-05-11
WO2007007011A3 (fr) 2007-07-19
FR2888674A1 (fr) 2007-01-19
RU2008105418A (ru) 2009-08-20
ES2533262T3 (es) 2015-04-08
FR2888674B1 (fr) 2009-10-23
BRPI0613013A2 (pt) 2010-12-14
CA2619403A1 (en) 2007-01-18
CN101288204A (zh) 2008-10-15

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