EP0374008B1 - Den vollen Raumwinkel abtastende elektronische Antenne mit räumlich zufällig verteilten, verdünnt angeordneten Strahlern - Google Patents

Den vollen Raumwinkel abtastende elektronische Antenne mit räumlich zufällig verteilten, verdünnt angeordneten Strahlern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374008B1
EP0374008B1 EP89403381A EP89403381A EP0374008B1 EP 0374008 B1 EP0374008 B1 EP 0374008B1 EP 89403381 A EP89403381 A EP 89403381A EP 89403381 A EP89403381 A EP 89403381A EP 0374008 B1 EP0374008 B1 EP 0374008B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
elementary
mast
axisymmetric
envelope volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89403381A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0374008A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Aubry
Jean-Louis Pourailly
Joseph Roger
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna with three-dimensional coverage and electronic scanning, of the random rarefied volume array type.
  • antennas which make it possible to obtain three-dimensional coverage (most often hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical coverage) from a configuration of fixed elements combined with electronic scanning, that is to say antennas in which the shape of the radiation diagram is modified (in particular, the pointing of a main lobe) by playing on the individual, adjustable phase shifts, of the various elements constituting the network.
  • the most commonly used configuration in practice, for producing such an antenna, consists in distributing the various elementary antennas of the array on one or more reflecting surfaces, such as for example the surface of a cylinder or a plurality of differently oriented panels.
  • Another type of antenna with three-dimensional coverage and electronic scanning is known in which, unlike multi-panel or cylindrical surface antennas, all of the elementary antennas of the array participate in the formation of the beam and contribute to the gain of the antenna, whatever whatever the direction of the main lobe.
  • These antennas are the so-called “steric” or “solid” antennas in which, unlike surface antennas, the elementary antennas are no longer distributed on the surface of a given plane or volume, but inside d 'a volume (usually a sphere).
  • the elementary antennas are distributed in this volume as irregularly as possible, so as to minimize mutual coupling between elementary antennas and thus attenuate the network lobes as much as possible; this condition is obtained by distributing the antennas in the volume according to a statistically isotropic random distribution law, and on the other hand by providing an average spacing between elementary antennas which is notably greater than half a wavelength.
  • Such an antenna has in particular been described in DE-A-28 22 845.
  • this document describes a so-called crow's nest antenna, that is to say an antenna formed by a network in which the elementary antennas are open loops or “ turnstile ” antennas, radiating on a horizontal polarization and placed at the top of vertical coaxial feed lines.
  • the length of the coaxial lines the longest of which have a length at least equal to twice the radius of the envelope sphere makes the system mechanically fragile and requires, if we want to have the desired precision of positioning of the different loops inside the sphere and sufficient overall rigidity, to provide additional mechanical means such as nylon threads holding the semi-rigid power cables in position and / or drowning the entire network in a mass of foam (polyurethane foam for example).
  • phase shift which can vary in significant proportions depending on whether it is a short line or a long line and it will be necessary to compensate to avoid the appearance of phase faults independent of the direction pointed.
  • Such a network is very "visible" in terms of radar signature, due to the use of loops or turnstile antennas; however the use of such types of elementary antennas is inevitable because, by nature, a network requires antennas having, in amplitude as in phase, a quasi-omnidirectional diagram in azimuth.
  • this known type of antenna is limited, due to its structure, to operation essentially in horizontal polarization.
  • the present invention relates to a steric type antenna (that is to say of the “random rarefied volume network” type explained above) which overcomes all of the aforementioned drawbacks, while keeping a simple, robust and therefore inexpensive structure. to achieve.
  • This antenna is, in itself known, constituted by a fixed network comprising a plurality of elementary antennas with quasi-omnidirectional individual radiation distributed according to a statistically isotropic random distribution law inside an envelope volume of revolution, the average spacing between elementary antennas being notably greater than half a wavelength of the minimum frequency to receive or transmit, each elementary antenna being connected to individually controllable phase-shifting means themselves connected to common distributor means.
  • the elementary antennas consist of vertically oriented dipoles and the antenna comprises a common vertical mast coaxial with the axis of the volume envelope of revolution, this mast extending over the entire length of the volume envelope of revolution and said supply lines comprise a first section, extending horizontally between the respective dipole and the common vertical mast coaxial with the volume envelope of revolution, and a second section extending inside the mast.
  • the volume envelope of revolution can in particular be a sphere.
  • the first sections of the supply lines constitute means, self-supporting, of mechanical support of the dipoles on the common vertical dish.
  • the length of the sections of the supply lines which form the self-supporting means is considerably reduced: the maximum length of these is at most equal to the radius of the sphere (more precisely, it is equal to the radius of the sphere minus the radius of the central cylinder), while in the crow's nest structure of the prior art described above, this length was at least twice the radius of the sphere.
  • the central mast only moderately disturbs the radiation diagram, and in any case has no effect on the isotropy in azimuth of the beam, because of its axial position; in other words, the non-uniformity introduced by the central cylinder will be essentially a non-uniformity in site, where one accepts very well a degradation of the performances of the network in the vicinity of the zenithal region.
  • the central tube may advantageously be constituted by a mast of the ship or by a similar superstructure element, which makes it much easier to find a suitable location for the antenna and makes the mast neutral from a radioelectric point of view, a particularly appreciable advantage on ships, where the superstructure elements close to the antenna always bring significant disturbances to the diagram.
  • the structure of the antenna makes it easy to place, on the supply line, the active modules inside the vertical mast and therefore close to the elementary antennas, which increases their efficiency all the more.
  • the array can be made practically invisible in terms of radar signature by choosing very thin wires for the dipoles, therefore having an equivalent surface. extremely weak reflective (unlike the loops or turnstiles of the prior art).
  • the structure essentially comprises a network 1 formed of a plurality of elementary antennas formed of simple vertical dipoles 3, distributed randomly within an envelope volume 2, in accordance with the principles of random rarefied networks, which have been explained more high.
  • the dipoles 3 are each connected by a clean supply line 4,5 to an active module 6.
  • phase-shifting circuit an electronic module comprising at least one phase-shifting circuit that can be individually controlled, but which may also include amplifier circuits, filtering circuits, transmission means, reception means, etc., depending on the functions assumed by the antenna and the types of signals it may be required to transmit or receive).
  • the different active modules 6 all lead to an antenna distributor 7 itself connected to the transmission and / or reception circuits 8.
  • the supply lines of each dipole consist of two sections 4 and 5.
  • the first section 4 is essentially horizontal to be transparent (from the radioelectric point of view), taking into account the vertical polarization provided by the antenna.
  • this first section 4 has an essentially rigid structure in order to play, in addition to its role of supplying the dipole 3, a role of mechanical support for this dipole on a central mast 9.
  • the second section 5 of the supply line runs inside the mast 9.
  • the mast 9 is made of a material forming radioelectric shielding, so that the sections 5, which are generally vertical, do not disturb the antenna pattern, the direction of polarization of which is also vertical.
  • the active modules 6 are placed at the end of section 5 of the supply line, near the distributor 7 (generally located at the base of the antenna or at the base of the mast ).
  • the active modules 6 are placed inside the mast 9, at the end of the horizontal section 4.
  • this second configuration requires an increase in the diameter of the mast 9 in order to accommodate the active modules of the various elementary antennas, it has the advantage of minimizing the distance between each elementary antenna and its associated active module, thus allowing a significant improvement. antenna performance, both from the point of view of the signal / noise ratio and of the disturbances introduced by the proper phase shifts of the supply lines.
  • the active modules can also contain transmission and reception means.
  • they are positioned, for example, in the same way as the phase shifting means 6 shown in Figures 1 and 2, the dispensing means no longer appear in this case.
  • the vertical mast 9 can (in particular in the embodiment of FIG. 1) have a very small diameter (less than a wavelength) and consequently only bring a minimal gene to the quasi-hemispherical diagram of each elementary antenna.
  • All the elements of the network can be placed in free space, or inside a protective radome, or even be drowned in an appropriate material such as a polyurethane foam (although this solution, as indicated above, is not satisfactory from the point of view of heat dissipation when the network is used in transmission).
  • the envelope volume in its simplest form, is a sphere.
  • a spherical volume corresponds to a substantially uniform beam whatever the elevation angle, while a flattened shape, close to that of a disc, will obtain the fineness of the beam mainly for large angles of elevation.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the performance obtained with a network produced according to the teachings of the invention, comprising 377 sources distributed with an average mesh of 3 wavelengths and an average random deviation of ⁇ 1.5 wavelength.
  • the gain G has been plotted as a function of the elevation angle, the azimuth angle being in the two figures fixed at 60 °).
  • Figure 3 corresponds to a pointing of the beam at a site angle of 0 °
  • Figure 4 corresponds to a pointing to a site angle of 60 °.
  • a beam width l of -3 dB of 2.52 ° in the first case and 2.56 ° in the second case is obtained.
  • the excellent performance of beam finesse will be emphasized, although there is both a high elevation angle (60 °) and a high azimuth angle (also 60 °).
  • point A the maximum gain in one case and in the other, which reveals an excellent isotropy in site.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Eine Antenne mit dreidimensionaler Erfassung und elektronischer Strahlschwenkung des Typs mit ausgedünnter, zufällig verteilter räumlicher Gruppe, die von einer festen Gruppe (1) gebildet ist, welche mehrere Elementarantennen (3) mit individueller quasiungerichteter Strahlung enthält, die über Versorgungsleitungen (4, 5) versorgt werden und gemäß einem Zufallsverteilungsgesetz statistisch isotrop im Inneren eines rotationssymmetrischen Hüllvolumens (2) verteilt sind, wobei der mittlere Abstand zwischen Elementarantennen erheblich größer als eine Halbwellenlänge der minimalen zu empfangenden oder zu sendenden Frequenz ist, wobei jede Elementarantenne mit einzeln steuerbaren Phasenverschiebungsmitteln verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elementarantennen (3) von vertikal orientierten Dipolen gebildet sind, daß die Antenne einen gemeinsamen vertikalen Mast (9) enthält, der zur Achse des rotationssymmetrischen Hüllvolumens (2) koaxial ist und sich über die gesamte Länge des rotationssymmetrischen Hüllvolumens (2) erstreckt, und daß die Versorgungsleitungen (4, 5) einen ersten Abschnitt (4), der horizontal zwischen dem entsprechenden Dipol und dem zum rotationssymmetrischen Hüllvolumen (2) koaxialen, gemeinsamen vertikalen Mast (9) verläuft, sowie einen zweiten Abschnitt (5) aufweisen, der im Inneren des Masts (9) verläuft.
  2. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das rotationssymmetrische Hüllvolumen (2) eine Kugel ist.
  3. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Abschnitte (4) der Versorgungsleitungen selbsttragende Mittel für die mechanische Unterstützung der Dipole am gemeinsamen vertikalen Mast (9) bilden.
  4. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Elementarantenne mit einem aktiven Modul (6) verbunden ist, der die Phasenverschiebungsmittel enthält.
  5. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aktiven Module (6) in der Versorgungsleitung im Inneren des vertikalen Masts (9) angeordnet sind.
  6. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dipole der Elementarantennen (3) feine Drähte sind.
EP89403381A 1988-12-16 1989-12-06 Den vollen Raumwinkel abtastende elektronische Antenne mit räumlich zufällig verteilten, verdünnt angeordneten Strahlern Expired - Lifetime EP0374008B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8816622 1988-12-16
FR8816622A FR2640821B1 (fr) 1988-12-16 1988-12-16 Antenne a couverture tridimensionnelle et balayage electronique, du type reseau volumique rarefie aleatoire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0374008A1 EP0374008A1 (de) 1990-06-20
EP0374008B1 true EP0374008B1 (de) 1993-07-14

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EP89403381A Expired - Lifetime EP0374008B1 (de) 1988-12-16 1989-12-06 Den vollen Raumwinkel abtastende elektronische Antenne mit räumlich zufällig verteilten, verdünnt angeordneten Strahlern

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US (1) US5038149A (de)
EP (1) EP0374008B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68907575T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2640821B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68907575T2 (de) 1994-01-27
FR2640821A1 (fr) 1990-06-22
FR2640821B1 (fr) 1991-05-31
US5038149A (en) 1991-08-06
EP0374008A1 (de) 1990-06-20
DE68907575D1 (de) 1993-08-19

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