EP2654126B1 - Mobile Richtantenne mit Polarisierungsschaltung durch Bewegung der Strahlungspaneele - Google Patents

Mobile Richtantenne mit Polarisierungsschaltung durch Bewegung der Strahlungspaneele Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2654126B1
EP2654126B1 EP13162598.0A EP13162598A EP2654126B1 EP 2654126 B1 EP2654126 B1 EP 2654126B1 EP 13162598 A EP13162598 A EP 13162598A EP 2654126 B1 EP2654126 B1 EP 2654126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
antenna
switching according
polarisation switching
waveguides
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EP13162598.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2654126A1 (de
Inventor
Regis Lenormand
Antonin Hirsch
Patrick Martineau
Alejandro Valero Nogueria
Paul Vincent
Jean-Francois David
Laurence Laborde
José Ignacio Herranz
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/246—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile directive plane antenna capable of switching its polarization by displacement of radiating panels. It applies in particular to the switching of embedded antennas on ground mobiles to operate high-speed communications with a satellite, in particular a geostationary satellite.
  • an antenna for tracking the fixed point is disposed at the mobile.
  • the constraints to be respected by this antenna are severe. In particular, it must be configured not to emit in other directions signals with a power density greater than a regulated level, so as not to disturb the service provided by adjacent satellites. Relatively high accuracy in tracking the satellite must therefore be guaranteed with this type of antenna.
  • the reflector of an antenna on the ground or air carrier
  • the reflector must be oriented at an angle range of between approximately 10 ° in elevation for Spain and 60 ° for Northern Europe, the reflector being orientable at 360 ° according to the azimuth angle.
  • the reflector with a diameter of approximately 60 to 70 cm must thus enjoy a great freedom of movement and a reliable and precise control system, which leads to bulky and expensive antennas.
  • the polarization of the signals is linear - if, for example, the satellite comprises a single-source antenna of signals - the ground antenna must be constantly aligned with the polarization direction.
  • a circular polarization can be used instead of the linear polarization mentioned above, for example in the Ka band.
  • the frequency band between 19.7 GHz and 20.2 GHz can be used for reception at the satellite, while the band between 29.5 GHz and 30 GHz can be used in transmission, coverage being provided by a set of adjacent spots in circular polarization right or left.
  • Multibeam satellites cover a territory with a plurality of spots configured so that the signals transmitted on two neighboring spots are not interfering.
  • the coverage of a satellite comprises spots having different transmission frequencies and / or different polarizations, two neighboring spots being configured so as not to have, at the same time, the same polarization and the same transmission frequency.
  • the frequency and polarization characteristics of the signals transmitted on a spot are generally designated by the expression "spot color", two neighboring spots thus having distinct colors. As an illustration, with two different polarizations and two different transmission frequencies, four spot colors can be created.
  • Antennas embedded on mobile gear to ensure communication with a satellite sometimes cross a border between two spots. This is the case, for example, antennas for providing an internet connection from an aircraft or a train.
  • the antenna leaves the area covered by a first spot configured with a first polarization (for example circular right) to enter the area covered by a second spot configured with a second polarization (left circular)
  • the antenna must switch quickly to modify its transmission and / or reception polarization.
  • the radiating elements of a beam-forming antenna must be sufficiently close to one another to avoid the formation of lateral radiation lobes, which may interfere with adjacent communication systems.
  • EP1107019 discloses a radar having two antennas mounted back to back and powered by different emission sources. The power supply of each antenna is switched according to the scanning movement performed. This arrangement allows the radar to increase its scanning range. However, the proposed structure is not suitable for tracking.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a compact directional antenna capable of switching its polarization and whose manufacturing complexity is moderate.
  • the subject of the invention is a polarization switching tracking antenna comprising a support having at least two faces each supporting a plurality of waveguides fed by radio frequency signals and perforated by openings arranged to illuminate elements radiators placed at a distance from said openings, characterized in that for at least one given antenna pointing, said support is able to switch between at least two different configurations, said support being configured to place, in the second configuration, the second face in a position identical to that taken by the first face in the first configuration, several radiating elements of the first face being, in said position, oriented differently from the radiating elements of the second face.
  • Pursuit antenna means an antenna able to maintain its pointing on a given target (for example a satellite), by compensating the movements of the mobile on which it is installed.
  • the antenna according to the invention thus makes it possible to switch its polarization while keeping its pointing on the same target.
  • the support is fixed on a rotating axis adapted to switch between the two configurations by rotation.
  • the rotating axis can be configured so that the respective positions of the first and second faces of the support mutually substitute after rotation of the support by a half turn around said axis.
  • the rotating axis is parallel to each of the faces.
  • the rotating shaft said first rotating axis, can be mounted on a second axis rotating orthogonal to said first rotating axis.
  • the first axis makes it possible to orient the antenna in elevation, the second axis making it possible to orient the antenna in azimuth.
  • the first axis makes it possible to orient the antenna in azimuth, the second axis making it possible to orient the antenna in elevation.
  • the radiating elements are dipoles.
  • the dipoles of the same face can all be oriented in the same direction.
  • the first face comprises a number of radiating elements equal to the number of radiating elements present on the second face, the radiating elements being arranged on each of the faces so that each radiating element of the first face corresponds to a radiating element of the second face whose centroid in the second configuration is identical to the barycentre of the corresponding radiating element of the first face when it is in the first configuration.
  • the waveguides are rectangular section guides, the openings being distributed, for each of the waveguides, on a face of said waveguide alternately on both sides of its longitudinal median axis.
  • a radiating element is placed above each of the openings.
  • the figures 1a and 1b illustrate by diagrams of principle the antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna 100 is seen from above.
  • Each of the waveguides 101, 102, 103 is supplied with radiofrequency signals 101a, 102a 103a and extends parallel to the Y axis.
  • the waveguides may be rectangular section guides.
  • Each waveguide 101, 102, 103 is pierced regularly by openings 110 in the form of rectangular slots preferably parallel to the waveguide.
  • the antenna occupies an area of about 6 cm x 6 cm.
  • a radiating element 120 in the form of a dipole is placed above each opening 110, in a plane parallel to the plane in which the openings 110 are written.
  • the plane in which the dipoles are placed is advantageously located at a distance of between and a quarter of the wavelength of the signals transmitted in the waveguides so as to produce a field emerging from the aperture such as two orthogonal components of the same amplitude and phase shifted by 90 ° - that is, say a circularly polarized field - be obtained.
  • the choice of distance results in a phase difference of 90 °.
  • the dipoles 120 form, in top view, a non-zero angle and not perpendicular with the openings 110 formed in the waveguide 101, 102, 103.
  • the antenna according to the invention can take at least two configurations.
  • the figure 1a illustrates a first configuration of the antenna in which a first angle is formed between each of the openings 110 and the dipoles 120, this angle being equal, for example to 45 °.
  • This first angle can theoretically take any value between 0 ° and 90 °, values 0 ° and 90 ° being excluded.
  • the angle chosen may result from an analysis involving the lengths and widths of the slots and dipoles, as well as the distance between them and the permittivity of the surrounding medium.
  • the figure 1 b illustrates a second configuration of the antenna in which the angle formed between the openings 110 and the dipoles 120 is equal to the opposite of the first angle.
  • the dipoles 120 placed above the openings 110 in the second configuration of the antenna 100 form, with the dipoles 120 placed above the openings 110 in the first configuration ( figure 1a ), an angle equal to twice the angle formed between the dipoles 120 of the first configuration and the openings 110.
  • the figure 2 shows a view of an embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna 200 comprises two panels 202, 203 double-sided, the first panel 202 being intended for receiving radio frequency signals, the second panel 203 being intended for transmitting radio frequency signals.
  • Each panel 202, 203 has a first face 202a, 203a facing forward and a second side 202b, 203b facing rearward.
  • Each panel 202, 203 is fixed around a first rotating axis 204 for adjusting the orientation of the panels according to the elevation angle.
  • This first axis 204 is mounted on arms 206 movable about a second rotating axis 208, with a vertical pivot 209 for adjusting the orientation of the panels 202, 203 according to the azimuth angle.
  • a third intermediate axis is mounted to avoid the blind zones in limit of movement of one of the two axes 204, 208 and thus allow the antenna to easily cover the celestial space.
  • the panels 202, 203 can be actuated in rotation from drive means included in the arms 206, and can be controlled to perform at least a full half-turn, so as to switch the positions of the two faces 202a, 202b , 203a, 203b of each of the panels 202, 203.
  • the arms 206 are thus made sufficiently long to allow the panels 202, 203 to reverse their position without hitting the elements 207 making the junction between the arms 206 and the pivot 209.
  • the figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the waveguide supports used by an antenna according to the invention.
  • the panel 203 comprises a rigid frame 231, for example made of plastic or metal material, integral with the first rotating axis 204.
  • This frame 231 makes it possible to form a double-face rotary panel by supporting on each face of the panel, a plurality of guide rails.
  • the waveguides 233 may be powered with a circuit such as that shown and described below with reference to FIG. figure 5 .
  • these waveguides 233 are of rectangular section and are drilled in their upper part (that is to say the face located opposite the rigid frame 231), so as to form slots.
  • the slots are oriented parallel to each other and in the longitudinal direction of the waveguides 233, as previously illustrated in FIG. figures 1 a and 1 b.
  • the slots are placed identically from one waveguide to another.
  • the slots are preferably placed alternately on either side of the longitudinal central axis of the waveguide 133 so that the slots radiate in phase, so as to form a regular grid of slots on the entire surface of a panel face 202, 203.
  • a layer 235 of radiofrequency-transparent material is placed above the waveguides 233 in order to support a plurality of dipoles 237.
  • the dipoles 237 are placed facing the slots formed in the waveguides 233, FIG. in order to ensure good transmission to the waveguides of a signal received by the antenna or effective radiation by the dipoles 237 of a signal transmitted by these waveguides 233.
  • the figure 4 shows an example of dipole arrangement for a panel included by an antenna according to the invention.
  • the left plane represents the first face 401 of an antenna panel according to the invention when this first face is turned towards the front of the antenna, and the right plane represents, from the same point of view, the second face 402 of this same panel (opposite side to the first face 401) when the second face 402 is in the same position as the first face, that is to say facing the front of the antenna (the first face then facing the back of the antenna).
  • the dipoles 237 of the first face 401 are oriented in a first direction and the dipoles 238 of the second face 402 are oriented in a different position.
  • the face that was in the inactive position replaces the face that was in the active position, that is, the one that was turned towards the front of the antenna.
  • the antenna replaces a radiating face, which was oriented at a given elevation angle and azimuth angle, by a radiating face in the same position but with differently oriented dipoles.
  • the polarization of the active face is thus modified by a simple rotation of the antenna panel.
  • the dipoles can be placed on the faces 401, 402 so that whatever the face is in active configuration, the locations of the centers of gravity of the dipoles on this active face are the same.
  • the polarization change rotation is performed about the elevation angle adjusting axis 204, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • a dipole 237 of a face generally does not, when it undergoes a rotation of half a turn, end up in a configuration identical to that of the dipole of the opposite face which is at the same location in active configuration. This case should not occur at least for all dipoles, otherwise the two active antenna configurations would be identical and no change in polarization would be possible.
  • the dipoles of the same face are all oriented in the same direction and when the two faces 401, 402 are arranged one behind the other on a rotary panel, the dipoles 237 of the first face 401 are parallel to the dipoles 238 of the second face 402.
  • the dipoles of the same face of a panel are not all oriented in the same direction.
  • a support having a triangular prism-shaped structure, the first rotating axis 204 of the antenna passing longitudinally at the center of the prism makes it possible to place three radiating faces provided with dipoles oriented differently from one face to the other to the first two faces and a third non-dipole face and thus to propose three different polarization configurations.
  • the figure 5 presents a view of the waveguide supply circuits as radiofrequency signals.
  • the architecture of the antenna with its rotating panels imposes particular constraints on its realization. Indeed, the signals received or transmitted by the antenna can pass only through the two junctions 261, 262 between the panels 202, 203 and the arms 206, at the axis of rotation 204.
  • the antenna comprises therefore rotating joints at these junctions 261, 262. Waveguides for transporting the signals between the antenna panels 202, 203 and the filters and amplifiers of the radio processing chain (front-end) are passed through these junctions 261, 262.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a supply circuit for each face of an antenna panel 202, 203.
  • the antenna comprises a first supply circuit for the first face 202a of the receiving antenna panel 202 and a second supply circuit for the second side 202b of the receiving antenna panel 202.
  • Each supply circuit comprises waveguides 251, 252 fixed to the core of the panel structure 202.
  • the first power supply circuit is described, the second being symmetrically identical in the embodiment.
  • the first power supply circuit comprises power waveguides 251 configured to power slot guides 256a, 256b, 256c, 256d, which in the example are four slot guides orthogonal to the radiation waveguides 233. (cf. figure 3 ).
  • the slot guides 256a, 256b, 256c, 256d are arranged to supply coupling all the radiation waveguides 233.
  • the antenna according to the invention further comprises a switch 254 making it possible to link the signal transmission waveguides to the front-end and the supply waveguides 251, 252 of the panel 202.
  • the switch 254 fixed for example in the rigid frame 231 makes it possible to select one or the other of the supply circuits 251, 252.
  • the switch 254 is configured to transmit to the front-end the signals picked up on the first face 202a.
  • the panel 202 is rotated half a turn, which takes, for example a second or a few seconds.
  • the switch 254 connects the front-end circuit of the antenna to the new active face, that is to say the second face 202b.
  • An advantage of the antenna according to the invention is that it does not impose a distance between the slots formed in the waveguides, which makes it possible to densify the array of radiating elements and thus to obtain a diagram of directional radiation. Moreover, its manufacturing principle is simple and makes it possible to modify the orientation of all the dipoles by means of a common movement (in the example, a rotation of the panel), which avoids the differences of orientation adjustment. between the dipoles. It makes it possible to perform polarization switching at a lower cost, avoiding complex mechanisms operating distinct switching by dipoles or groups of dipoles.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfolgungsantenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung, die einen Träger (231) mit mindestens zwei Flächen (202a, 202b, 203a, 203b) umfasst, wobei der Träger (231) für mindestens einen gegebenen Antennenausrichtvorgang zwischen mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen umschalten kann, wobei der Träger (231) in der zweiten Konfiguration zum Platzieren der zweiten Fläche (202b, 203b) in einer identischen Position zu der konfiguriert ist, die von der ersten Fläche (202a, 203a) in der ersten Konfiguration eingenommen wird, wobei die Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass jede der Flächen mehrere Wellenleiter (233) trägt, die mit Funkfrequenzsignalen gespeist werden und die mit Öffnungen (110) perforiert sind, die so angeordnet sind, dass Strahlungselemente (120, 237) beleuchtet werden, die in einem Abstand von den Öffnungen (110) platziert sind, wobei mehrere Strahlungselemente (237) der ersten Fläche (202a, 203a) in der Position anders orientiert sind als Strahlungselemente (238) der zweiten Fläche (202b, 203b).
  2. Antenne mit Positionsumschaltung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Träger (231) auf einer Drehachse (204) befestigt ist, die zum Umschalten zwischen den zwei Konfigurationen pro Rotation ausgelegt ist.
  3. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Drehachse (204) so konfiguriert ist, dass sich die jeweiligen Positionen der ersten Fläche (202a, 203a) und der zweiten Fläche (202b, 203b) des Trägers (231) nach einer Rotation des Trägers (231) um eine halbe Drehung um die Achse (204) gegenseitig ersetzen.
  4. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei die Drehachse parallel zu jeder der Flächen (202a, 203a, 202b, 203b) ist.
  5. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei die Drehachse (204), erste Drehachse genannt, auf einer zweiten Drehachse (208) orthogonal zu der ersten Drehachse (204) montiert ist.
  6. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Strahlungselemente Dipole (237) sind.
  7. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Dipole (237, 238) derselben Fläche (202a, 202b, 203a, 203b) alle in derselben Richtung orientiert sind.
  8. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die erste Fläche (202a, 203a) eine Anzahl von Strahlungselementen (237) umfasst, die gleich der Anzahl von Strahlungselementen ist, die auf der zweiten Fläche (202b, 203b) vorhanden sind, wobei die Strahlungselemente auf jeder der Flächen so angeordnet sind, dass es für jedes Strahlungselement der ersten Fläche ein entsprechendes Strahlungselement der zweiten Fläche gibt, dessen Baryzentrum in der zweiten Konfiguration mit dem Baryzentrum des entsprechenden Strahlungselements der ersten Fläche identisch ist, wenn sie in der ersten Konfiguration ist.
  9. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Wellenleiter (233) Leiter mit rechteckigem Querschnitt sind, wobei die Öffnungen (110) für jeden der Wellenleiter (233) auf einer Fläche der Wellenleiter abwechselnd auf beiden Seiten seiner longitudinalen Mittelachse verteilt sind.
  10. Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei für zwei benachbarte Öffnungen eines Wellenleiters (233) ein Strahlungselement (237) über jeder der Öffnungen platziert ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Benutzen einer Antenne mit Polarisationsumschaltung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Ausrichten einer Fläche der Antenne, erste Fläche genannt, auf ein Ziel und Verfolgen des Ziels; und
    - Drehen des Trägers beim Verfolgen des Ziels, so dass eine andere Fläche der Antenne, zweite Fläche genannt, den Platz der ersten Fläche einnimmt.
EP13162598.0A 2012-04-20 2013-04-05 Mobile Richtantenne mit Polarisierungsschaltung durch Bewegung der Strahlungspaneele Active EP2654126B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1201170A FR2989844B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Antenne mobile directive a commutation de polarisation par deplacement de panneaux rayonnants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2654126A1 EP2654126A1 (de) 2013-10-23
EP2654126B1 true EP2654126B1 (de) 2017-06-28

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US (1) US9263801B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2654126B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2813362C (de)
ES (1) ES2641466T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2989844B1 (de)

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US9813997B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-11-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Antenna coupling for sensing and dynamic transmission
US10044095B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2018-08-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radiating structure with integrated proximity sensing
FR3017213B1 (fr) * 2014-01-31 2016-02-05 Thales Sa Procede et systeme radiofrequence de determination, par couple d'engins spatiaux, de la position angulaire relative entre plusieurs engins spatiaux distants
US9769769B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-09-19 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Detecting proximity using antenna feedback
US9785174B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-10-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Predictive transmission power control for back-off
US9871545B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2018-01-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Selective specific absorption rate adjustment
US9859597B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-01-02 Viasat, Inc. Partial dielectric loaded septum polarizer
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US10013038B2 (en) 2016-01-05 2018-07-03 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic antenna power control for multi-context device
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CA2813362C (en) 2019-08-13
US9263801B2 (en) 2016-02-16
US20130278474A1 (en) 2013-10-24
FR2989844A1 (fr) 2013-10-25
CA2813362A1 (en) 2013-10-20
EP2654126A1 (de) 2013-10-23
ES2641466T3 (es) 2017-11-10
FR2989844B1 (fr) 2014-05-09

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