EP4283041A2 - Rampe pour un panneau - Google Patents

Rampe pour un panneau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4283041A2
EP4283041A2 EP23161403.3A EP23161403A EP4283041A2 EP 4283041 A2 EP4283041 A2 EP 4283041A2 EP 23161403 A EP23161403 A EP 23161403A EP 4283041 A2 EP4283041 A2 EP 4283041A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ramp
section
edge
height
shoulder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23161403.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4283041A3 (fr
Inventor
Sascha Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fleyg Ag
Original Assignee
Fleyg Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fleyg Ag filed Critical Fleyg Ag
Publication of EP4283041A2 publication Critical patent/EP4283041A2/fr
Publication of EP4283041A3 publication Critical patent/EP4283041A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
    • E01C11/222—Raised kerbs, e.g. for sidewalks ; Integrated or portable means for facilitating ascent or descent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/06—Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
    • E02D17/10—Covering trenches for foundations

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a ramp for a plate element, for example a steel plate, which can be used to cover pits, for example construction pits or excavation areas, on traffic routes.
  • the US 20020184718 A1 discloses a reusable ramp that is attached to the edges of the steel plate and enables the vehicles to drive smoothly over the ramp and the steel plate adjoining it largely without initiating an abrupt impact force.
  • the ramp has a shoulder element which is designed as a groove into which the steel plate can be inserted.
  • the base of the groove is chosen to match the thickness of the steel plate and the boundary of the groove is formed by a projection that is elastically prestressed so that the projection can exert a compressive force on the steel plate and so that the steel plate is held fixed in the ramp.
  • ramps with different groove dimensions must be kept in stock.
  • the ramps are placed in such a way that the groove extends essentially transversely to the direction of travel. This means that the ramp essentially extends across the width of the road.
  • rainwater accumulates before or after a ramp. This rainwater cannot flow away because the weight of the steel plate means that the ramp rests tightly on the road surface.
  • the ramp according to CH711063 B2 Although it allows for an improvement since a lead is no longer needed.
  • the holding element has a surface that is essentially parallel to the ground so that a film of water can at least form on the holding element.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the ramp in such a way that it can be easily and quickly aligned in the correct position relative to the plate element.
  • the ramp should remain connected to the plate element if the plate element needs to be moved. From the document JP 2009 293287 A It is known to connect a bar made of magnetic material to the ramp element using screws. The bar made of magnetic material rests on a side edge of the plate element. A high proportion of magnetic material is therefore required for this solution.
  • the magnetic material can at least partially lose contact with the plate element, so that the ramp element can slip relative to the plate element if the magnetic force is too low. Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a more reliable connection between the ramp element and the plate element.
  • a ramp includes a ramp element and a holding element.
  • the ramp element has an edge which has a first height and a shoulder which has a second height. The first height is smaller than the second height.
  • a support surface which forms the underside of the ramp element extends between the edge and the shoulder and an inclined surface which forms the top of the ramp element extends between the edge and the shoulder.
  • the holding element has a top and a bottom. The holding element connects to the paragraph. The height between the top of the holding element and the bottom of the holding element is smaller than the height of the shoulder.
  • the height is understood to mean the dimension in a direction that extends at a right angle to the support surface, that is to say in particular at a right angle, in other words normal, to the underside of the ramp element and to the underside of the holding element. The height is therefore measured from the support surface in the normal direction to this support surface.
  • the holding element contains at least one cavity for receiving a magnetic element. When installed, the holding element thus contains the cavity and the magnetic element, which is accommodated in the cavity.
  • the plate element rests on the holding element when installed and is attached to the shoulder.
  • the holding element forms a flat support surface for the plate element, so that the plate element comes to lie flat on the holding element.
  • the magnetic element or elements located in the holding element enable a defined force transmission. Due to its elastic properties, the holding element can also compensate for any unevenness in the subsurface, so that a flat contact of the plate element on the holding element is guaranteed even if there are unevenness in the subsurface.
  • the cavity contains a shoulder.
  • This exemplary embodiment is particularly advantageously suitable for a magnetic element which has a Magnetic element paragraph contains.
  • a magnetic element can be held securely in the holding element by means of the shoulder and cannot be lost even when using a magnet with high field strength.
  • the cavity comprises a first section and a second section.
  • the first section has a first cross-sectional area and the second section has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area.
  • the magnetic element cannot therefore be pulled out of the cavity even under the influence of large magnetic forces and a secure connection to the plate element can be maintained even under the influence of shear forces, in particular the ramp cannot slip relative to the plate element.
  • at least one of the first or second sections is cylindrical. This variant enables the use of magnetic elements with standard dimensions.
  • a fastening element is arranged in the second section.
  • the use of a fastener is advantageous in order to remove the magnetic element at a later time, for example to simplify the separation of the different materials for recycling purposes.
  • the fastening element has an excess dimension in relation to the second section.
  • the fastening element is thus held in the second section by means of a clamping effect.
  • the fastening element contains a material which has a higher dimensional stability than the material of the ramp.
  • the fastening element contains a material which has a higher elasticity than the material of the ramp.
  • the fastening element contains a through hole which contains a stop for receiving a magnetic element shoulder of the magnetic element.
  • the magnetic element can thus be accommodated in the fastening element and attached to the fastening element in the cavity. This variant enables particularly simple and quick assembly of the magnetic element.
  • the magnetic elements can also only be used when necessary. It is also possible to retrofit ramps with existing cavities with appropriate magnetic elements.
  • the cavity contains an adhesive layer.
  • the magnetic element is fastened in the cavity using an adhesive connection.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for ramps that have plate elements small dimensions are used, which are not exposed to major stresses, especially when in use, for example for temporary pedestrian crossings.
  • At least one of the holding elements or ramp elements contains at least one connecting hole for receiving a connecting element.
  • a connecting element can be used advantageously if several ramps are provided for a large plate element.
  • the connecting hole can be arranged in the ramp element, with the connecting hole being arranged at a distance from the shoulder that is less than a third of the distance between the shoulder and the edge. A particularly stable connection is possible in this area because the ramp element has a maximum or approximately maximum wall thickness in this area.
  • a ramp arrangement comprising at least a first ramp and a second ramp according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments can therefore be provided, with a connecting element being provided for connecting the first ramp to the second ramp.
  • the connecting element has a profiling so that the connecting element can be held captively in the connecting bore.
  • the ramp contains an elastomer.
  • the ramp contains a first elastomer and a second elastomer, which in the EP 3666978 A1 is described in detail.
  • a ramp according to the EP 3666978 A1 is particularly suitable for improving slip resistance in wet conditions and for simplifying installation in wet conditions.
  • the use of two elastomers not only increases the shock-absorbing properties of the ramp, but also enables it to be used safely in any weather conditions, especially when wet.
  • the proportion of the first elastomer is 25% by weight to 35% by weight.
  • the proportion of the second elastomer is 10% by weight to 25% by weight.
  • the properties of the first elastomer can contribute to improving the grip of the surface of the ramp.
  • the proportion of highly volatile substances is a maximum of 7% by weight.
  • the low proportion of volatile substances makes this possible Safe use of the ramp even in closed spaces, such as halls, parking garages and the like. Even when exposed to high heat, the proportion of volatile substances that can evaporate is low, meaning that the ramp can also be used safely in closed rooms.
  • the proportion of fillers is 33% by weight to 65% by weight. Due to the high filler content, the ramp can achieve sufficient hardness and abrasion resistance to be able to use the ramp for several years of operation on construction sites.
  • carbon black and calcium carbonate can be used as fillers.
  • the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide.
  • the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron or aluminum.
  • the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • NBR has a high resistance to oils, fats and hydrocarbons.
  • NBR is characterized by favorable aging behavior, so that weather-resistant ramps can be produced. The low abrasion helps to increase the lifespan of the ramp.
  • the second elastomer contains styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • the addition of styrene-butadiene rubber can improve the weather resistance of the ramp.
  • the holding element or the ramp element has at least one opening or a channel which is suitable for draining liquids, for example water.
  • the opening can be connected to a channel for draining away liquids.
  • the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material.
  • an opening or a channel for draining liquids from pores of the porous material can be formed.
  • the pores have a pore size in the range from 0.001 to 5 mm.
  • the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 5 mm.
  • the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 2 mm.
  • the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 1 mm.
  • the height of the holding element can be greater in the area of the shoulder than at the end of the holding element, which is opposite the shoulder.
  • the ramp element is essentially wedge-shaped, particularly in cross section.
  • the ramp element forms a wedge, the cross section of which can be essentially triangular, square or trapezoidal.
  • the height of the ramp element increases gradually in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the plate element, it rolls over the ramp element onto the steel plate. The vehicle can thus roll over the ramp element without significant shocks being transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the angle of inclination of the incline surface can be different.
  • the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and a second inclined surface section.
  • the first inclined surface section can include a larger angle of inclination with the support surface than the second inclined surface section.
  • the maximum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can be at least 3 degrees greater than the minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the first incline surface section can be at least 10 degrees.
  • the holding element connects in particular to the side of the wedge that has the greatest overall height.
  • the plate element is placed on the holding element when in use.
  • the height of the holding element and the thickness of the plate element advantageously correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, that is to say the height of the shoulder.
  • the thickness of the plate element can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the ramp can also be used for plate elements of different thicknesses.
  • the plate element can in particular be a steel plate.
  • the ramp can also be used for panel elements made of other materials, such as plastic panels, boards or the like.
  • the underside of the holding element and the support surface lie on a common plane.
  • This exemplary embodiment is advantageous if the ramp is to rest sealingly on a flat surface.
  • This flat support surface on the flat surface prevents rainwater from getting into a pit underneath the plate element. Due to the weight of the plate element, the holding element is pressed onto the surface in such a way that a seal can be created when the ramp extends completely around the plate element.
  • the top side of the holding element can be designed essentially parallel to the underside of the holding element.
  • the plate element can rest flat on the holding element and the weight of the plate element can be introduced evenly into the holding element.
  • the ramp element is preferably manufactured together with the holding element in one piece, that is to say designed as a single component, whereby the entire ramp can be made of the same material.
  • the ramp preferably contains an elastic material, for example an elastic plastic, in particular rubber or rubber compounds.
  • the underside of the ramp element and/or the underside of the holding element can have at least one channel.
  • the channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface, i.e. the underside of the ramp element and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness in the ground.
  • the liquid is collected in the channel and can, for example, be drained towards a water collection system located at the edge of the road.
  • the road itself often has a slope that encourages fluid to run off.
  • the liquid accumulating in the channel can be removed by compressing the channel due to the loading of the ramp element by a vehicle driving over it in such a way that the channel is at least partially compressed and the liquid in it is consequently displaced from the channel.
  • the channel may have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross-section.
  • the top of the ramp element may have a marking. This marking can serve in particular to make the ramp element more visually recognizable for approaching vehicles, so that vehicle drivers can already do so be able to take note of the approaching obstacle before reaching the ramp element and adjust the driving speed accordingly.
  • the marking can be designed as an optical marking, which in particular comprises security strips or rectangular security elements.
  • the marking can also be designed as part of a traffic control system.
  • the marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective.
  • the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark.
  • the ramp can be composed of several sub-elements. This allows the ramp to be adapted to the dimensions of different plate elements. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example to create temporary pedestrian crossings.
  • the ramps can be designed such that they can accommodate a corner of a plate element, such as a steel plate or a wooden board.
  • a plate element such as a steel plate or a wooden board.
  • several ramps can be put together in a modular manner according to each of the exemplary embodiments, so that a different number of ramps can be used depending on the length or width of the plate element.
  • the surface of the incline surface and/or the holding element can be rough or water-repellent.
  • the adhesion can be improved so that the ramp does not slip. In particular, this can reduce the risk of two-wheeler riders falling.
  • a seal can be provided to protect against water draining into the excavation pit.
  • recesses can also be provided on the inclined surfaces in order to drain away liquid.
  • the recesses can, for example, be designed as grooves which extend parallel to the front surface or at an angle thereto over at least part of the inclined surface.
  • the ramp includes a ramp element, the ramp element having a first edge having a first height and a second edge, the second edge having a second height, the first height being less than the second height, wherein a support surface which forms the underside of the ramp element extends between the first edge and the second edge and wherein an incline surface extending between the first edge and the second edge, which forms the top of the ramp element.
  • the ramp element contains at least one through hole for receiving an anchor element, the through hole being designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a center axis which is aligned at an angle in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees inclusive to the inclined surface.
  • the through hole contains a shoulder.
  • the through hole comprises a first section and a second section.
  • the first section has a first cross-sectional area and the second section has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area.
  • at least one of the first or second sections is essentially cylindrical.
  • the first section has a first section diameter and the second section has a second section diameter, the second section diameter being 1.2 times to 5 times as large as the first section diameter.
  • the center axis is aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to the inclined surface.
  • the inclined surface contains at least one insert element.
  • Fig. 1a shows a view of a ramp 10 according to a first exemplary embodiment from above
  • Fig. 1b a perspective view of the ramp 10.
  • the ramp 10 according to Fig. 1a to Fig. 1c comprises a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2.
  • the ramp element 1 has an edge 3, which has a first height, and a shoulder 4, which has a second height.
  • the first height is smaller than the second height. In particular, the first height can be 0 mm if the edge 3 forms a point.
  • a support surface 5 which is at least partially formed by the underside of the ramp element 1 and in Fig. 1c is visible.
  • Between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the top of the ramp element 1.
  • the support surface 5 lies on the opposite side of the inclined surface 6 and is therefore in Fig. 1a not visible.
  • the holding element 2 has a top 7 and a bottom 8.
  • the bottom 8 is opposite the top 7 and is in Fig. 1c visible.
  • the holding element 2 adjoins paragraph 4.
  • the height between the top 7 of the holding element 2 and the bottom 8 of the holding element 2 is smaller than the height of the paragraph 4.
  • the angle of inclination of the incline surface 6 can be different.
  • the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and a second inclined surface section.
  • the first inclined surface section can include a larger angle of inclination with the support surface than the second inclined surface section.
  • the maximum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can preferably be at least 3 degrees, in particular at least 5 degrees.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can be at least 3 degrees greater than the minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the first incline surface section can be at least 10 degrees.
  • the ramp element 1 according to Fig. 1a to Fig. 1c is essentially wedge-shaped in cross section.
  • the ramp element ensures that: Fig. 1c a wedge is formed, the cross section of which is essentially triangular, square, or trapezoidal.
  • the height of the ramp element 1 increases gradually in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the ramp element 10, the vehicle can roll over the ramp element 1 without significant shocks being transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the holding element 2 connects to the side of the wedge that has the greatest overall height.
  • the plate element 100 is placed on the holding element 2, which in Fig. 1c is partly indicated with dash-dotted lines.
  • the height of the holding element 2 and the thickness of the plate element 100 advantageously correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, that is to say the height of the shoulder 4.
  • the thickness of the plate element 100 can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the Ramp 10 can also be used for plate elements 100 of different thicknesses.
  • the plate element 100 can in particular be a steel plate, but the ramp 10 can also be used for other plate elements 100, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.
  • the underside 8 of the holding element 2 and the support surface 5 lie on a common plane.
  • This exemplary embodiment is advantageous if the entire ramp 10 is to rest sealingly on a flat surface.
  • This flat support surface on a flat surface can prevent rainwater from getting from the roadway into the pit, for example the construction pit or the excavation area, with the pit extending below the plate element 100. Due to the weight of the steel plate, the holding element 2 is pressed onto the surface in such a way that a seal can be created when the ramp 10 surrounds the plate element 100.
  • the top 7 of the holding element 2 can be formed essentially parallel to the underside 8 of the holding element 2, which is shown, for example, in section in the Fig. 1c is shown.
  • the plate element 100 can rest flat on the holding element 2 and the own weight of the plate element 100 can be introduced evenly into the holding element 2.
  • the ramp element 1 and the holding element 2 are preferably designed in one piece, with the ramp 10 in particular containing a first elastomer and a second elastomer.
  • the holding element 2 or the ramp element 1 can have openings 35 which can simplify the manipulation of the ramp element and/or which are suitable for draining water.
  • the openings can have any shape, for example openings 35 are shown in the form of elongated holes.
  • the underside of the ramp element 1 and/or the underside of the holding element 2 can have at least one channel 9, 19.
  • a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness in the ground.
  • Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one opening 35.
  • Channels 9, 19 shown are used to collect liquid that hits the ramp element 1 or the holding element 2 and can be diverted, for example, in the direction of a water collection system located on the edge of the road.
  • the road itself often has a slope that encourages fluid to run off.
  • the channels 9, 19 can also include components of channels which can extend along the entire support surface 5.
  • the channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curvature.
  • the liquid accumulating in one of the channels 9, 19 can be removed by compressing the channel due to the loading of the ramp element 1 by a vehicle driving over it in such a way that the channel is at least partially compressed and the liquid contained therein is pushed out of the canal.
  • the channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross section.
  • the holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each of which is designed to accommodate a magnetic element.
  • Fig. 1c one of these cavities 25 is shown in section.
  • the cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29.
  • the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32.
  • the first section 31 has a first diameter
  • the second Section 32 has a second diameter.
  • the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.
  • Fig. 2a shows a view from above of a ramp 20 according to a second exemplary embodiment, which is designed to accommodate a corner of a plate element 100 (shown with dash-dotted lines).
  • Fig. 2b shows the ramp 20 according to Fig. 2a from underneath.
  • the ramp 20, like the ramp 10 according to the previous exemplary embodiment, has a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2.
  • the ramp element 1 has an incline surface 6 and a support surface 5.
  • the support surface 5 and the inclined surface 6 extend from the edge 3 to the shoulder 4.
  • the shoulder 4 forms a stop for the plate element.
  • the ramp 20 has a further ramp element 11.
  • the ramp element 11 has an incline surface 16 and a support surface 15.
  • the support surface 15 and the inclined surface 16 extend from the edge 13 to the shoulder 14.
  • the shoulder 14 forms a stop for the plate element 100.
  • a ramp element which forms a connecting surface 12, can be arranged between the ramp element 1 and the ramp element 11.
  • the edge 3 continues to the connecting surface 12, and the edge 13 also continues to the connecting surface 12.
  • the thickness of the ramp element forming the connecting surface increases from the continuations of the edge 3, 13 to the intersection line of the planes of the shoulders 4, 14. This results in a substantially smooth transition to the inclined surfaces 6, 16.
  • markings 21 are attached to the surface of the inclined surfaces 6, 16.
  • the markings 21 can include areas of different colors or have areas with a different surface texture.
  • the holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each of which is designed to accommodate a magnetic element.
  • Fig. 2b shows the ramp 20 according to Fig. 2a from underneath.
  • the cavities 25 are shown.
  • each of the cavities 25 contains a shoulder 29.
  • each of the cavities 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32.
  • the first section 31 has a first diameter
  • the second section 32 has a second diameter.
  • the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.
  • Fig. 3a shows a view of a ramp 30 according to a third exemplary embodiment, which is designed to accommodate a corner of a plate element 100.
  • This ramp 30 can be used together with ramp 20. All elements that are also in Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b shown are labeled the same. For the description of these elements see Fig. 2a or. Fig. 2b referred.
  • the ramp is 30 according to Fig. 3a intended for supporting a side surface of the plate element 100.
  • This ramp 30 can be used in combination with the ramp according to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b be used. In particular, several ramps 30 can be placed next to each other if the plate element is longer than the ramp 30.
  • Fig. 3a shows a view of the ramp 30 according to the third exemplary embodiment from below
  • Fig. 3b a view of the ramp 30 from above
  • Fig. 3c shows a section through the ramp 30 along the section line labeled BB.
  • the ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a to Fig. 3c comprises a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2.
  • the ramp element 1 has an edge 3, which has a first height, and a shoulder 4, which has a second height.
  • the first height is smaller than the second height.
  • the first height can be 0 mm if the edge 3 forms a point.
  • Between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4 extends a support surface 5, which is at least partially formed by the underside of the ramp element 1 and in Fig. 3a is visible.
  • the support surface 5 lies on the opposite side of the inclined surface 6.
  • the inclined surface 6 is therefore in Fig. 3a not visible.
  • the holding element 2 has a top 7 and a bottom 8.
  • the bottom 8 is opposite the top 7 and is in Fig. 3a visible.
  • the holding element 2 adjoins paragraph 4.
  • the height between the top 7 of the holding element 2 and the bottom 8 of the holding element 2 is less than or equal to the height of the shoulder 4, measured from the level of the support surface 5.
  • the ramp element 1 is essentially wedge-shaped in cross section.
  • the ramp element ensures that: Fig. 3c a wedge is formed, the cross section of which is essentially triangular, square, or trapezoidal.
  • the height of the ramp element 1 increases gradually in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the ramp element 1, the vehicle can roll over the ramp element 1 without significant shocks being transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the holding element 2 connects to the side of the wedge that has the greatest overall height.
  • the plate element 100 is placed on the holding element 2, which in Fig. 3c partly with is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the height of the holding element 2 and the thickness of the plate element 100 advantageously correspond essentially to the height of the wedge at its highest point, that is to say the height of the shoulder 4.
  • the thickness of the plate element 100 can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the ramp 30 can also be used for plate elements 100 of different thicknesses.
  • the plate element 100 can in particular be a steel plate, but the ramp 10 can also be used for other plate elements 100, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.
  • the underside 8 of the holding element 2 and the support surface 5 lie at least partially on a common plane.
  • the top 7 of the holding element 2 can be formed essentially parallel to the underside 8 of the holding element 2, which is shown, for example, in section in the Fig. 3c is shown.
  • the plate element 100 can rest flat on the holding element 2 and the own weight of the plate element 100 can be introduced evenly into the holding element 2.
  • the ramp element 1 and the holding element 2 are preferably designed in one piece, with the ramp 30 in particular being able to contain a first elastomer and a second elastomer. By using a mixture of a first and second elastomer, it has surprisingly been shown that slip resistance can be significantly increased in rain or snow.
  • the holding element 2 or the ramp element 1 can have openings 35 which simplify the manipulation of the ramp element and/or which are suitable for draining water.
  • the openings can have any shape, examples are: Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b Openings 35 shown in the form of elongated holes.
  • the underside of the ramp element 1 and/or the underside of the holding element 2 can have at least one channel 9, 19.
  • a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness in the ground.
  • a plurality of channels 9, 19 can be provided. In the two in Fig. 3a Channels 9, 19 shown can collect liquid present between the ramp 30 and the ground and can, for example, be drained towards a water collection system located on the edge of the road. The road itself often has a slope that encourages fluid to run off.
  • the channels 9, 19 can also be components of channels, i.e. sections, included, which can extend along the entire support surface 5.
  • the sections of the channels 9 can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curvature.
  • the sections of the channels 19 can extend inside the holding element. Such a channel 19 or a section can run in a straight line or also have a curvature.
  • the liquid accumulating in one of the channels 9, 19 can be removed by compressing the channel due to the loading of the ramp element 1 by a vehicle driving over it in such a way that the channel is compressed and the liquid in it is released from the channel is displaced.
  • the channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross section.
  • the holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each of which is designed to accommodate a magnetic element.
  • Fig. 3c one of these cavities 25 is shown in section.
  • the cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29.
  • the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32. At least one of the first or second sections 31, 32 may contain a cylindrical shape.
  • the first section 31 has a first diameter
  • the second section 32 has a second diameter if the first and second sections 31, 32 are cylindrical.
  • the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.
  • Fig. 3d shows a variant of the ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a , which differs from the previous variant in the number of openings 25.
  • it can be a ramp 30 that is longer than the ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a or Fig. 3b .
  • a connecting hole 17 for a connecting element 18 arranged on the side is shown in this figure.
  • Such a connecting element 18 is in Fig. 9a or Fig. 9b shown.
  • Fig. 4 shows a view of an arrangement of several ramps 10 according to one of Fig. 1a or 1b, one or more ramps 20 according to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b or one or more ramps 30 according to Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c or Fig. 3d .
  • the ramp is composed of several sub-elements. This allows the ramp to be adapted to the dimensions of different plate elements 100. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example to create temporary pedestrian crossings.
  • the ramps 10, 20, 30 of each of the exemplary embodiments can therefore be combined with one another as desired.
  • the ramp 20 can be arranged such that it can accommodate a corner of a plate element 100, such as a steel plate or a wooden board.
  • a plate element 100 such as a steel plate or a wooden board.
  • several ramps 10, 20, 30 can be put together in a modular manner, so that depending on the length or width of the plate element 100, a different number and/or different embodiments of ramps, for example ramps 10, 30 of different lengths, can be used.
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of a magnetic element 22 arranged in a cavity 25 of the holding element 2 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • one of these cavities 25 is shown in section.
  • the cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29.
  • the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32.
  • the first section 31 has a first diameter
  • the second section 32 has a second diameter.
  • the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.
  • the magnetic element 22 can in particular be designed as a cylindrical component.
  • the magnetic element 22 in particular has a magnetic element shoulder 23. According to the in Fig. 5 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the magnetic element 22 is held in the cavity 25 by means of a fastening element 24.
  • Fig. 6a shows the magnetic element 22 and its fastening element 24 in a view from above.
  • the fastening element 24 is designed as an annular component.
  • Fig. 6b shows a side view of the magnetic element 22 and the associated fastening element 24 according to Fig. 6a .
  • the fastening element 24 has an oversize, that is, the outer diameter 27 of the fastening element 24 is larger than the inner diameter of the second section 32.
  • the fastening element 24 can in particular contain a harder material than the holding element 2. When the fastening element 24 is inserted into the second section 31, the material of the holding element 2 surrounding the first section 31 is stretched and exerts a compressive force on the fastening element 24.
  • the fastening element 24 can contain a plurality of recesses 37.
  • the material of the holding element 2 can be at least partially accommodated in the recesses 37, so that the recesses can be at least partially filled by the material of the holding element 2 when the material of the holding element can expand again, ie an elastic recovery of the pressure caused by the fastening element 24 exposed material of the holding element takes place in the original position after the pressing pressure has been removed in the recesses 37.
  • Fig. 6c shows a section along the section line AA according to Fig. 6a .
  • the magnetic element 22 contains a magnetic element shoulder 23.
  • the magnetic element shoulder 23 can in particular extend over the entire circumference of the magnetic element 22, in other words the magnetic element shoulder 23 is arranged circumferentially.
  • the magnetic element shoulder 23 is accommodated in the fastening element 24.
  • the fastening element 24 is provided with a through hole 38 which contains a stop 28.
  • the magnetic element 22 can rest on the stop 28 with the magnetic element shoulder 23 when installed, which ensures that the magnetic element 22 can be held in the fastening element 24 even when tensile forces are applied, with the fastening element 24 in turn resting on the shoulder 29 (see Fig. 5 ), which is provided in the holding element 2.
  • Fig. 6d shows a perspective view of the magnetic element 22 and the associated fastening element 24 according to Fig. 6a.
  • Fig. 6d also shows a plurality of recesses 37, which are arranged in a ring-like manner in the circumferential direction of the fastening element 24 on its outer edge.
  • Fig. 7 shows a detail of a magnetic element 22 arranged in a cavity 25 of the holding element 2 according to a second exemplary embodiment for one of the ramps 10, 20, 30.
  • the cavity 25 is designed as a blind hole.
  • the cavity 25 has a cylindrical shape, which means that the inside diameter of the cavity is constant.
  • the magnetic element 22 can in particular be designed as a cylindrical component.
  • the adhesive layer 26 contains an adhesive by means of which the magnetic element 22 is held in the cavity 25, so that the magnetic element 22 can be prevented from falling out of the cavity 25.
  • the cavity could be conical.
  • the contact pressure exerted by the material of the holding element 2 on the magnetic element 22 varies.
  • the magnetic element 22 can thus be inserted into the cavity and held in the cavity 25 in a force-fitting manner.
  • Fig. 8 shows a detail of a side view of one of the ramps 10, 20, 30.
  • a connecting bore 17 is shown, which is designed to receive a connecting element 18, which is in Fig. 9a or Fig. 9b is shown.
  • the connecting bore 17 can extend parallel to the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 or the underside 8 of the holding element 2.
  • the connecting hole 17 can run through the ramp element 1 or can be designed as a blind hole.
  • the connecting bore 17 is advantageously formed in an area of the ramp element 1 which is located in the vicinity of the shoulder 4, that is to say in the area of the ramp element 1 in which the ramp element 1 has the greatest thickness or has approximately the greatest thickness.
  • the connecting hole 17 is located less than a third of the distance between paragraph 4 and edge 3 from paragraph 4.
  • Fig. 9a shows a first exemplary embodiment of a connecting element 18, which is intended to be received in a corresponding connecting bore 17.
  • the connecting element 18 can in particular contain a profiling 34.
  • the profiling can comprise a plurality of ribs which are arranged on the connecting element 18.
  • the ribs are arranged in a ring shape on the connecting element 18.
  • the connecting element 18 can contain a tip 36, which enables easy centering in the connecting hole 17.
  • the connecting element 18 can be hollow, for example to save material or to simplify its assembly or disassembly.
  • the connecting element 18 can contain a plastic or consist of a plastic.
  • the connecting element 18 may contain a metal, wood or a wood material.
  • Fig. 9b shows a second exemplary embodiment of a connecting element 18, which is intended to be received in a corresponding connecting bore 17.
  • the connecting element 18 can in particular contain a profiling 34.
  • the profiling can comprise a helically arranged projection.
  • the profiling can be designed to be accommodated in a corresponding internal thread in the connecting bore 17.
  • the top of the ramp element 1 can have a marking 21.
  • a marking 21 is for the ramps 10, 20, 30 according to one of the Fig. 2a , 3b , 4 shown.
  • This marking can in particular serve to make the ramp 10, 20, 30 more visually recognizable for approaching vehicles or pedestrians, so that vehicle drivers can take note of the position of the ramp element before reaching the ramp element and can adjust the driving speed accordingly or a pedestrian in front of them a possible tripping hazard is warned in good time.
  • the marking 21 can be designed as an optical marking that includes areas with colored, bright, luminous or reflective elements.
  • the marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective.
  • the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark.
  • the marking 21 may comprise an insert element which is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1, as in Fig. 8 is shown.
  • the marking 21 can comprise a collecting trough, or collecting troughs can be arranged between markings in order to introduce liquid into one of the openings 25.
  • the surface of the inclined surface 6, 16 and/or the top 7 of the holding element 2 can be rough or water-repellent.
  • the adhesion can be improved so that the plate element cannot slip on the holding element.
  • a rough surface can also reduce the risk of two-wheeler riders falling.
  • a seal can be provided to protect against water draining into the pit.
  • This seal can be designed, for example, as a projection on the support surface.
  • the edge of the channel 9, 19 that is closer to the shoulder can have a greater length than the length of the edge that is further away from the shoulder. This edge is pressed against the ground by the weight of the plate element, allowing fluid to pass through from the roadway the pit can be prevented. A liquid barrier is thus created by the projection or extended edge.
  • the ramp element 1 or the holding element 2 has openings which are suitable for the drainage of liquids, for example water.
  • the openings 35 can be connected to channels 9, 19 for draining away the liquids.
  • the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material.
  • the openings or recesses can be formed by pores of the porous material.
  • the pores have an average pore diameter in the range from 0.001 to 5 mm.
  • the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 5 mm.
  • the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the average pore diameter of the holding element 2 can be variable in relation to the length L of the ramp.
  • the holding element 2 can contain a first holding element section in which the average pore diameter is smaller than in a second holding element section.
  • the average pore diameter in the second holding element section can be smaller than in the first holding element section.
  • Channels 9 can be located in the second holding element section, which in Fig. 10 is shown.
  • the pore diameter can decrease abruptly in the transition region from the second holding element section to the first holding element section.
  • the average pore diameter in the second holding element section can be essentially constant.
  • the first holding element section can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight.
  • the holding element section is formed directly adjacent to the edge of the ramp, the entry of liquid into a recess to be covered by the plate element, for example an excavation pit, can be prevented.
  • the liquid is collected in the second holding element section and can flow out through the larger pores, openings or channels present there.
  • the average pore diameter can be variable in relation to the width B of the ramp of both the holding element 2 and the ramp element 1.
  • the width B corresponds to the distance of the edge 3 from the end of the holding element 2, see for example Fig. 1a .
  • the holding element 2 can have a first Holding element section included in which the average pore diameter continuously decreases.
  • the average pore diameter becomes smaller towards the edge of the holding element 2.
  • it can be reduced by more than half in relation to the average pore diameter of the second holding element section.
  • the average pore diameter from the second holding element section to the edge can decrease gradually, i.e. continuously. Channels not shown here can be located in the second holding element section, similar to what was shown in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the average pore diameter can be essentially constant in the second holding element section.
  • the first holding element section can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight. If the first holding element section comes to rest against the edge of a construction pit, it can thus be prevented that liquid gets into the construction pit. The liquid is collected in the second holding element section and can flow out through the larger pores, openings or recesses.
  • the ramp element can contain a second ramp element section in which the average pore diameter decreases continuously or even abruptly. The average pore diameter becomes smaller in the direction of the edge 3 of the ramp element 1.
  • the average pore diameter can be reduced by more than half in relation to the average pore diameter of a first ramp element section.
  • the average pore diameter in the first ramp element section can be essentially constant.
  • Fig. 11a shows a ramp 40 according to a fifth exemplary embodiment, which contains a ramp element 1. Elements that are the same or have the same effect have the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the ramp element 1 has a first edge 3, which has a first height.
  • the ramp element 1 has a second edge 4, the second edge 4 having a second height. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the first height is smaller than the second height.
  • a support surface 5, which forms the underside of the ramp element 1, extends between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the top of the ramp element 1.
  • the ramp element 1 contains at least one through hole 45 for receiving an anchor element.
  • the inclined surface 6 contains at least one insert element 43.
  • the insert element can, as in connection with Fig. 8 shown and described, can be designed as a marking 21, the areas with colored, bright, luminous or reflective elements.
  • the marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective.
  • the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark.
  • the marking can include the insert element 43, which is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1.
  • Fig. 11a Six square insert elements 43 are shown as an example, whereby the shape and number of insert elements 43 can differ from the illustration.
  • Fig. 11b shows a section through the ramp 40 according to Fig. 11a along section line AA.
  • the through hole 45 visible in the sectional view is designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a central axis 46, the central axis 46 being aligned at an angle in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees inclusive to the inclined surface 6.
  • the through hole 45 contains a shoulder 49.
  • the through hole comprises a first section 41 and a second section 42.
  • the first section 41 has a first cross-sectional area and the second section 42 has a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being smaller than the second cross-sectional area.
  • at least one of the first or second sections 41, 42 is cylindrical.
  • the second cross-sectional area is designed in particular to accommodate a head element of the anchor element.
  • the first cross-sectional area is designed to accommodate a shaft of the anchor element.
  • the anchor element is not shown in the drawing.
  • the underside of the ramp element 1 can have at least one channel 9, 19.
  • a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness in the ground.
  • Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one channel 39.
  • Channels 9, 19 shown are used to collect liquid hitting the ramp element 1 and can be diverted, for example, in the direction of a water collection system located on the edge of the road.
  • the road itself often has a slope that encourages fluid to run off.
  • the channels 9, 19 can also include components of channels which can extend along the entire support surface 5.
  • the channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element.
  • Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curvature.
  • Fig. 11c shows a detail B of the Fig. 11b , which in particular shows the through hole 45 in detail.
  • the first and second sections 41, 42 are essentially cylindrical.
  • the first section 41 has a first section diameter 47 and the second section 42 has a second section diameter 48.
  • the second section diameter 48 is 1.2 times to 5 times as large as the first section diameter 47.
  • the center axis 46 is aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to the inclined surface 6.
  • the second section has a depth 44 that is smaller than the depth of the first section 41, measured along the central axis 46.
  • Fig. 11d shows a section through the ramp 40 according to Fig. 11a along the section line CC.
  • the through hole 45 visible in the sectional view corresponds to that in Fig. 11b through hole shown, so that the description can be found Fig. 11b can be referred.
  • Fig. 11e shows a detail D of the Fig. 11d , which in particular shows the through hole 45 in detail.
  • Fig. 12a shows a view of a ramp 50 according to a sixth exemplary embodiment from above. Elements that are the same or have the same effect have the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the ramp element 1 has a first edge 3, which has a first height.
  • the ramp element 1 has a second edge 4, the second edge 4 having a second height. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the first height is smaller than the second height.
  • a support surface 5, which forms the underside of the ramp element 1, extends between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the top of the ramp element 1.
  • the ramp element 1 contains at least one through hole 45 for receiving an anchor element.
  • the inclined surface 6 contains at least one insert element 43.
  • the insert element can, as in connection with Fig. 8 is shown and described, be designed as a marking that includes areas with colored, bright, luminous or reflective elements.
  • the marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective.
  • the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and in the dark shines.
  • the marking can include the insert element 43, which is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1.
  • Fig. 12a Six square insert elements 43 are shown as an example, whereby the shape and number of insert elements 43 can differ from the illustration.
  • Fig. 12b shows a section through the ramp 50 according to Fig. 12a along section line AA.
  • the through hole 45 visible in the sectional view is designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a central axis 46, the central axis 46 being aligned at an angle in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees inclusive to the inclined surface 6.
  • the through hole 45 contains a shoulder 49.
  • the through hole comprises a first section 41 and a second section 42.
  • the first section 41 has a first cross-sectional area and the second section 42 has a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area being smaller than the second cross-sectional area.
  • at least one of the first or second sections 41, 42 is cylindrical.
  • the second cross-sectional area is designed in particular to accommodate a head element of the anchor element.
  • the first cross-sectional area is designed to accommodate a shaft of the anchor element.
  • the anchor element is not shown in the drawing.
  • Fig. 12c shows a detail C of the Fig. 12b , which in particular shows the through hole 45 in detail.
  • the first and second sections 41, 42 are essentially cylindrical.
  • the first section 41 has a first section diameter 47 and the second section 42 has a second section diameter 48.
  • the second section diameter 48 is 1.2 times to 5 times as large as the first section diameter 47.
  • the center axis 46 is aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to the inclined surface 6.
  • the second section has a depth 44 that is smaller than the depth of the first section 41, measured along the central axis 46.
  • Fig. 12d shows a section through the ramp 50 according to Fig. 12a along the section line BB.
  • the through hole 45 visible in the sectional view corresponds to that in Fig. 12b through hole shown, so that the description can be found Fig. 12b can be referred.
  • the underside of the ramp element 1 can have at least one channel 9, 19.
  • Such a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which, for example due to unevenness in the ground, gets between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the subsurface.
  • Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one channel 39.
  • a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one channel 39.
  • the channels 9, 19 can also include components of channels which can extend along the entire support surface 5. The channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curvature.
  • Fig. 12e shows a detail D of the Fig. 12d , which in particular shows the through hole 45 in detail.
  • the ramp 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 may contain a first elastomer and a second elastomer.
  • the proportion of the first elastomer is 25% by weight to 35% by weight.
  • the proportion of the second elastomer is 10% by weight to 25% by weight.
  • the ramp contains highly volatile substances, with the proportion of highly volatile substances being a maximum of 7% by weight.
  • the ramp contains fillers, the proportion of fillers being 33% by weight to 65% by weight.
  • the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate.
  • the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide.
  • the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron or aluminum.
  • the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • the second elastomer contains styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
  • a ramp according to Example 1 contains 26% by weight of NBR and 12% by weight of SBR.
  • the ramp contains 7% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers.
  • the soot content is 24% by weight.
  • the proportion of calcium carbonate is 20% by weight.
  • the proportion of silicon dioxide is 5% by weight.
  • the proportion of zinc oxide is 1% by weight.
  • the remaining 5% by weight includes aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing and iron-containing fillers.
  • the chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range of 4000 1/cm to 600 1/cm, a resolution of 4 1/cm and a number of 10 scans determined.
  • FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • the IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being with the reference spectrum of acrylitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • NBR acrylitrile butadiene rubber
  • the main filler of the ramp according to Example 1 is calcium carbonate.
  • the elastomer content and elastomer composition are determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
  • the measuring program for the ramp according to Example 1 includes heating the sample to 550 ° C at 10 ° C / min, then the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 min. The system then switches to oxygen flow and is heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C/min. This temperature is maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.
  • the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to Example 1 show that the evaporation of highly volatile substances such as water or plasticizers occurs at lower temperatures.
  • the mass loss is 7% by weight.
  • the tolerance range is ⁇ 0.5% by weight.
  • the elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300°C and 500°C.
  • the first and second derivatives show a double peak. There is therefore a first and a second elastomer; in example 1 it is 26% by weight of NBR and 12% by weight of SBR.
  • the system switches to oxygen flow.
  • There is a further weight loss of 24% by weight which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO2.
  • the carbon black content is 24% by weight.
  • Example 1 At temperatures in the range from 630 °C to 680 °C there is a further decrease in weight, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. This results in a calcium carbonate content of 4-5% for Example 1.
  • An ignition residue of 24% by weight is further examined using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis (XCF).
  • the fillers contained in the ignition residue include 16% by weight of calcium carbonate, 5% by weight of silicon dioxide, 1% by weight of zinc oxide and other fillers, especially magnesium-containing, iron-containing and aluminum-containing fillers.
  • a ramp according to Example 2 contains 42% by weight of NBR and 17% by weight of SBR.
  • the ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers.
  • the soot content is 29% by weight.
  • the proportion of calcium carbonate is 0.5 to 1% by weight.
  • the share of Silicon dioxide is 2% by weight.
  • the proportion of zinc oxide is 1% by weight.
  • the remaining 2% - 3.5% by weight includes aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing and iron-containing fillers.
  • the chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range of 4000 1/cm to 600 1/cm, a resolution of 4 1/cm and a number of 10 scans determined.
  • FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • the IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being with the reference spectrum of acrylitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • NBR acrylitrile butadiene rubber
  • the main filler of the ramp according to Example 2 is silicon dioxide.
  • TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
  • the measuring program for the ramp according to Example 2 includes heating the sample to 550 ° C at 10 ° C / min, then the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 min. The system then switches to oxygen flow and is heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C/min. This temperature is maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.
  • the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to Example 2 show that the evaporation of highly volatile substances such as water or plasticizers occurs at lower temperatures.
  • the mass decrease is 6% by weight.
  • the tolerance range is ⁇ 0.5% by weight.
  • the elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300°C and 500°C.
  • the first and second derivatives show a double peak. There are therefore a first and a second elastomer, namely 42% by weight of NBR and 17% by weight of SBR.
  • the system switches to oxygen flow.
  • There is a further weight loss of 29% by weight which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO2.
  • the carbon black content is 29% by weight.
  • Example 2 At temperatures in the range from 630 °C to 680 °C there is a further decrease in weight, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. This results in a calcium carbonate content of less than 0.1% for Example 2.
  • An ignition residue of 6 wt% was further examined using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XCF) analysis.
  • the fillers contained in the ignition residue include 0.5 to 1% by weight of calcium carbonate, 2% by weight of silicon dioxide, 1% by weight of zinc oxide and other, especially magnesium-containing, iron-containing and aluminum-containing fillers.
  • a ramp according to Example 3 contains 34% by weight of NBR and 24% by weight of SBR.
  • the ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers.
  • the soot content is 20% by weight.
  • the proportion of calcium carbonate is 0.5 to 1% by weight.
  • the proportion of silicon dioxide is 12% by weight.
  • the proportion of zinc oxide is 1% by weight.
  • the remaining 2% - 2.5% by weight includes aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing and iron-containing fillers.
  • the chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range of 4000 1/cm to 600 1/cm, a resolution of 4 1/cm and a number of 10 scans determined.
  • FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • the IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being with the reference spectrum of acrylitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • NBR acrylitrile butadiene rubber
  • the main filler of the ramp according to Example 3 is silicon dioxide.
  • TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
  • the measuring program for the ramp according to Example 3 includes heating the sample to 550 ° C at 10 ° C / min, then the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 min. The system then switches to oxygen flow and is heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C/min. This temperature is maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.
  • the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to Example 3 show that the evaporation of highly volatile substances such as water or plasticizers occurs at lower temperatures.
  • the mass decrease is 6% by weight.
  • the tolerance range is ⁇ 0.5% by weight.
  • the elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300°C and 500°C.
  • the first and second derivatives show a double peak. There are therefore a first and a second elastomer, namely 34% by weight of NBR and 24% by weight of SBR.
  • the system switches to oxygen flow.
  • There is a further weight loss of 20% by weight which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO2.
  • the carbon black content is 20% by weight.
  • Example 3 At temperatures in the range from 630 °C to 680 °C there is a further decrease in weight, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. This results in a calcium carbonate content of less than 1% by weight for Example 3.
  • An ignition residue of 15% by weight is further examined using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis (XCF).
  • the fillers contained in the ignition residue include 0.5 to 1% by weight of calcium carbonate, 12% by weight of silicon dioxide, 1% by weight of Zinc oxide and other fillers, especially those containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.
  • a ramp according to Example 4 contains 30% by weight of NBR and 15% by weight of SBR.
  • the ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers.
  • the soot content is 26% by weight.
  • the proportion of calcium carbonate is 1% by weight.
  • the remaining 22% by weight includes silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing and iron-containing fillers.
  • the chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range of 4000 1/cm to 600 1/cm, a resolution of 4 1/cm and a number of 10 scans determined.
  • FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • the IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being with the reference spectrum of acrylitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).
  • NBR acrylitrile butadiene rubber
  • the main filler of the ramp according to Example 4 is calcium carbonate.
  • TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
  • the measuring program for the ramp according to Example 4 includes heating the sample to 550 ° C at 10 ° C / min, then the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 min. The system then switches to oxygen flow and is heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C/min. This temperature is maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.
  • Example 4 At lower temperatures, volatile substances such as water or plasticizers evaporate. According to Example 4, the mass decrease is 6% by weight. The tolerance range is ⁇ 0.5% by weight. The elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300°C and 500°C. The first and second derivatives show a double peak. There is therefore a first and a second elastomer, in the present case 30% by weight of NBR and 15% by weight of SBR. At a temperature of 550°C, the system switches to oxygen flow. There is a further weight loss of 26% by weight, which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO2. According to Example 4, the carbon black content is 26% by weight.
  • the fillers contained in the ignition residue of 21% by weight include calcium carbonate, Silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and other fillers, especially magnesium-containing, iron-containing and aluminum-containing fillers.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
EP23161403.3A 2022-05-03 2023-03-13 Rampe pour un panneau Pending EP4283041A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP22171318 2022-05-03

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001002667A1 (fr) 1999-07-02 2001-01-11 Excellent Systems A/S Ensemble rampe et ses elements
US20020184718A1 (en) 2001-03-21 2002-12-12 Armfield Gregory J. Shouldered ramp for streetwork cover and method of use
JP2009293287A (ja) 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Ohbayashi Corp 段差解消部材
CH711063A2 (de) 2015-05-12 2016-11-15 Beyeler Andreas Auflageelement für ein Plattenelement.
WO2017009639A1 (fr) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Oxford Plastic Systems Limited Rampe de bordure de trottoir
EP3666978A1 (fr) 2018-12-12 2020-06-17 Beyeler & Fischer GmbH Rampe pour un panneau

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001002667A1 (fr) 1999-07-02 2001-01-11 Excellent Systems A/S Ensemble rampe et ses elements
US20020184718A1 (en) 2001-03-21 2002-12-12 Armfield Gregory J. Shouldered ramp for streetwork cover and method of use
JP2009293287A (ja) 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Ohbayashi Corp 段差解消部材
CH711063A2 (de) 2015-05-12 2016-11-15 Beyeler Andreas Auflageelement für ein Plattenelement.
WO2017009639A1 (fr) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Oxford Plastic Systems Limited Rampe de bordure de trottoir
EP3666978A1 (fr) 2018-12-12 2020-06-17 Beyeler & Fischer GmbH Rampe pour un panneau

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CH719660A2 (de) 2023-11-15

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