EP4237484A1 - Verwendung von eugenol-derivaten als stabilisatoren, organisches material sowie eugenol-derivate - Google Patents

Verwendung von eugenol-derivaten als stabilisatoren, organisches material sowie eugenol-derivate

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Publication number
EP4237484A1
EP4237484A1 EP21802695.3A EP21802695A EP4237484A1 EP 4237484 A1 EP4237484 A1 EP 4237484A1 EP 21802695 A EP21802695 A EP 21802695A EP 4237484 A1 EP4237484 A1 EP 4237484A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
general formula
agents
styrene
weight
tert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21802695.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jannik MAYER
Elke Metzsch-Zilligen
Rudolf Pfaendner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP4237484A1 publication Critical patent/EP4237484A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/38—Esters containing sulfur
    • C08F220/382—Esters containing sulfur and containing oxygen, e.g. 2-sulfoethyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
    • C09K15/12—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing sulfur and oxygen
    • C09K15/14—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing sulfur and oxygen containing a phenol or quinone moiety
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/52—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
    • C08F20/10—Esters
    • C08F20/38—Esters containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/375—Thiols containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/378—Thiols containing heterocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of specific eugenol derivatives as stabilizers of organic materials against oxidative, thermal and/or actinic degradation.
  • the present invention relates to a stabilized organic material and specific eugenol derivatives that are suitable as stabilizers.
  • Organic materials such as plastics are subject to aging processes ultimately lead to a loss of the desired properties such as the mechanical parameters.
  • This process called autoxidation, leads to changes in the polymer chain, such as molecular weight or the formation of new chemical groups, starting from radical chain scissions through mechanochemical processes or through UV radiation in the presence of oxygen.
  • Stabilizers are therefore used to prevent or at least delay this aging.
  • Important representatives of stabilizers are antioxidants, which interfere with the free radicals formed during auto-oxidation and thus interrupt the degradation process.
  • primary antioxidants which can react directly with oxygen-containing free radicals or C-radicals
  • secondary antioxidants which react with intermediately formed hydroperoxides (see C. Kröhnke et al.
  • Antioxidants in Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim 2015.
  • Typical representatives of primary antioxidants are, for example, phenolic antioxidants, amines, but also lactones.
  • Classes of secondary antioxidants are phosphorus compounds such as phosphites and phosphonites, but also organo-sulphur compounds such as thioesters, thioethers and disulfides. In practice, primary and secondary antioxidants are usually combined, which leads to a synergistic effect.
  • phenolic antioxidant group and a phosphite such as described in EP 823435 (Sumitomo Chemical Company) or the combination of a phenolic antioxidant group with sulfur compounds such as known from EP224442 (Ciba-Geigy AG), from US 3334046 (Geigy Chemical Corporation), from US 42282971 (Ciba-Geigy AG) and from WO 2019/096868 (Fraunhofer Deutschen Deutschen).
  • Plastics made from fossil raw materials such as crude oil or natural gas are increasingly being supplemented or replaced by plastics based on renewable raw materials obtained via biochemical processes.
  • the question of sustainability then also arises for the primary and secondary antioxidants used for this purpose (and for plastics made from fossil raw materials).
  • a high level of effectiveness can include such already mentioned can be achieved through the combination of primary and secondary antioxidant functions. It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide stabilizers which have primary and secondary antioxidant structures in one molecule and can be obtained at least in part from easily accessible renewable raw materials.
  • antioxidants from renewable raw materials are known, which are also occasionally used in plastics.
  • a typical example are tocopherols (vitamin E).
  • tocopherols have a sterically hindered phenol structure and can be used alone or in combination with secondary antioxidants (e.g. S. Al-Malaika, Macromol. Symp. 2001, 176, 107-117).
  • Tocopherols are isolated from natural substances such as wheat germ oil, sunflower oil or olive oil.
  • Other well-known phenolic antioxidants from natural substances that have been investigated in plastics are, for example
  • Tannin (WJ. Grigsby et al., Esterification of condensed tannins and their impact on the properties of poly (lactic acid), Polymers 5 (2013) 344-360,
  • Curcumin (D. Tatraaljai et al. Processing stabilization of PE with a natural antioxidant, curcumin, European Polymer Journal 49 (2013) 1196-1203 and
  • patent claim 1 relates to the use of a specific eugenol derivative as a stabilizer
  • patent claim 9 relates to a stabilized organic material
  • patent claim 13 relates to specific eugenol derivatives.
  • the present invention thus relates to the use of a compound according to the general formula I each being independent of one another
  • X 1 is a linear or branched alkylene radical having 2 to 18 carbon atoms
  • X 2 is a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
  • X 3 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
  • A is a d-valent, saturated or unsaturated group, a is 2 to 5b, b is 0 to 3, c is 0 or 1, and d is 1 to 8, or a polymeric compound containing a repeating unit according to general formula II
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , a, b and c are as defined above and X 4 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
  • New stabilizers and stabilizer compositions based on readily available renewable raw materials and a new process for stabilizing plastics are thus proposed, which are very effective, have high thermal stability, are environmentally friendly and have a favorable cost structure.
  • Stabilizers are standard products which, depending on the combination of properties, cover various market segments for plastics, coatings and oils/fats.
  • the new stabilizers and stabilizer combinations are previously unknown substances, at least some of which are made from renewable raw materials.
  • the structures of the present stabilizers according to the invention have not hitherto been used for stabilizing plastics, and in some cases the structures have not hitherto been described in the literature.
  • the present invention provides that use according to claim 1, characterized in that
  • X 1 is a linear alkylene radical having 2 to 6, preferably 3, carbon atoms,
  • X 2 is a linear alkylene radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms,
  • X 3 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • X 4 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl
  • oils and fats they can be based on mineral oils, vegetable fats or animal fats or also oils, fats or waxes based on, for example, synthetic esters.
  • Vegetable oils and fats are, for example, palm oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, animal fats are, for example, fish oils or beef tallow.
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be used as stabilizers for lubricants, hydraulic oils, engine oils, turbine oils, gear oils, metalworking fluids or as lubricating greases. These mineral or synthetic lubricants are mainly based on hydrocarbons. Chemical products are used, for example, to stabilize polyols in polyurethane production.
  • the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can also be used as stabilizers for lubricants, hydraulic oils, engine oils, turbine oils, gear oils, metalworking fluids or as lubricating greases.
  • These mineral or synthetic lubricants are mainly based on hydrocarbons.
  • the plastic is done by conventional processing methods, for example, the polymer is melted and mixed with the inventive additive composition and any other additives, preferably by mixers, kneaders or extruders.
  • Preferred processing machines are extruders such as single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, planetary roller extruders, ring extruders, co-kneaders, which are preferably equipped with vacuum degassing.
  • the processing can take place under air or possibly under inert gas conditions such as nitrogen.
  • the compounds of the formula I according to the invention in the form of additive compositions, such as. B. in the form of masterbatches or concentrates containing, for example, 10-90% of the additives according to the invention in a polymer, and introduced.
  • the polymeric compound containing the repeating unit according to general formula II is preferably selected from the group consisting of homopolymers formed from repeating units according to general formula II or copolymers containing the repeating unit according to general formula II and at least one other Repeating units derived from a radically polymerizable compound, in particular repeating units derived from (meth)acrylic acid esters.
  • the repeating unit according to general formula II of the polymeric compound particularly preferably has the following structure:
  • a plastic can preferably be from the group consisting of a) polymers from olefins or diolefins such as polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, VLDPE, ULDPE, MDPE, HDPE, UHMWPE), metallocene PE (m-PE), polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly-4-methyl-pentene-1, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, such as natural rubber (NR), polycyclooctene, polyalkylene-carbon monoxide copolymers, and copolymers in the form of random or block structures such as polypropylene-polyethylene (EP), EPM or EPDM with eg 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene as comonomer, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene acrylic esters such as ethylene butyl acrylate, ethylene acrylic acid and salts thereof (Ionomers), and terpolymers such as ethylene-acrylic acid-g
  • 2,4- or 2,6-toluylene diisocyanate or methylenediphenyl diisocyanate in particular also linear polyurethanes (TPU), polyureas, j) polyamides such as, for example, polyamide-6, 6.6, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12, 10.10, 10.12, 12.12, Polyamide 11, polyamide 12 and (partly) aromatic polyamides such as polyphthalamides, for example produced from terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamines such as hexamethylenediamine or m-xylylenediamine or from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid or sebacic acid and aromatic diamines such as 1,4- or 1,3-diaminobenzene, blends of different polyamides such as PA-6 and PA 6.6 or blends of polyamides and polyolefins such as PA/PP, k) polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimi
  • polymers specified under a) to r) are copolymers, they can be present in the form of random, block or tapered structures. Furthermore, the polymers mentioned can be present in the form of linear, branched, star-shaped or hyper-branched structures.
  • polymers specified under a) to r) are stereoregular polymers, they can be present in the form of isotactic, stereotactic, but also atactic forms or as stereoblock copolymers.
  • the polymers specified under a) to r) can have both amorphous and (partially) crystalline morphologies.
  • polystyrene resins mentioned under a) can also be crosslinked, e.g. crosslinked polyethylene, which is then referred to as X-PE.
  • the present compounds can preferably be used to stabilize rubbers and elastomers.
  • This can be natural rubber (NR) or synthetic rubber materials.
  • Suitable synthetic rubber materials consist in particular of butadiene (BR), styrene-butadiene (SBR), chloroprene (CR), isoprene (IR), isobutylene-isoprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR or in hydrogenated form HNBR).
  • Other suitable rubbers and elastomers are ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) and ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM), polyester urethanes (AU, polyether urethanes (EU) and silicones (MQ).
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers
  • EPM ethylene-propylene copolymers
  • AU polyether urethanes
  • MQ silicones
  • the plastics can be recycled plastics, for example from industrial collections
  • polymers from renewable raw materials such as, for example, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, polybutylene succinate or poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate).
  • PVA polylactic acid
  • polyhydroxybutyric acid polyhydroxyvaleric acid
  • polybutylene succinate poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)
  • the plastic contains at least one further additive selected from the group consisting of primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, antiozonants, nucleating agents, antinucleating agents, impact modifiers , plasticizers, lubricants, rheology modifiers, thixotropic agents, chain extenders, optical brighteners, antimicrobial agents (e.g.
  • biocides antistatic agents, slip agents, antiblocking agents, coupling agents, crosslinking agents, branching agents, anticrosslinking agents, hydrophilizing agents, hydrophobicizing agents, adhesion promoters, dispersing agents, compatibilizers, oxygen scavengers - like, acid scavengers, blowing agents, degradation additives, defoaming agents, odor scavengers, marking agents, anti-fogging agents, additives to increase electrical conductivity and/or thermal conductivity, infrared absorbers r or infrared reflectors, gloss improvers, matting agents, repellents, fillers, reinforcing materials and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable primary antioxidants (A) are phenolic antioxidants, amines and lactones:
  • Suitable synthetic phenolic antioxidants are:
  • Alkylated monophenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di -tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2-( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol , 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched nonylphenols such as 2,6-dinonyl 4-methyl-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-
  • alkylthiomethyl phenols such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol;
  • Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyloxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4 -octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl -4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate;
  • Tocopherols such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -tocopherol and mixtures of these (vitamin E);
  • Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl- 3-methyl- phenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-secamylphenol), 4,4'-bis( 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide;
  • Alkylidenebisphenols such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl- 6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4 ,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2' -methylenebis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl)-4-nony
  • O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate , tridecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6 -dimethyl-benzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate;
  • Hydroxybenzylated malonates such as dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl 2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzyl) malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2- bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate;
  • Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)phenol;
  • Triazine compounds such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenoxy) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(
  • Benzyl phosphonates such as dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl
  • acylaminophenols such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate;
  • Esters of ß-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol , 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2
  • Esters of ß-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol , 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]
  • Esters of ß-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2- Propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha- 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;
  • Esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane , 4-Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha- 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;
  • Amides of ß-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N' - Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide ( Naugard® XL-1 sold by Uniroyal);
  • vitamin C Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
  • Particularly preferred phenolic antioxidants are the following structures:
  • phenolic antioxidants are octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate).
  • Other particularly preferred phenolic antioxidants are based on renewable raw materials such.
  • tocopherols vitamin E
  • tocotrienols tocomomonoenols
  • carotenoids hydroxytyrosol
  • flavonols such as chrysin, quercitin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringin, morin, kaempferol, fisetin, anthocyanins such as delphinidin and malvidin, curcumin, carnosolic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and resveratrol.
  • Suitable aminic antioxidants are:
  • Preferred amine antioxidants are: N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p -phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p- phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3 -dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-
  • Particularly preferred aminic antioxidants are the structures:
  • aminic antioxidants are hydroxylamines or N-oxides (nitrones), such as N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-distearylhydroxylamine, N-benzyl-a-phenylnitrone , N-octadecyl-a-hexadecylnitrone, and Genox EP (Sl Group according to the formula: Suitable lactones are benzofuranones and indolinones such as 3-(4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl- 3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxye
  • antioxidants are isoindolo[2,1-
  • A]quinazoline such as
  • Suitable secondary antioxidants are in particular phosphites or phosphonites such as e.g.
  • Triphenyl phosphite diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphites, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert -butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxy
  • Particularly preferred phosphites are:
  • a preferred phosphonite is:
  • the phosphite tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite is very particularly preferably used as the secondary antioxidant.
  • Suitable secondary antioxidants are also organo-sulphur compounds such as, for example, sulfides and disulfides, for example distearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipropionate; Ditridecyldithiopropionate, Ditetradecylthiodipropionate, 3-(dodecylthio), 1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(dodecylthio)1-oxopropoxy]methyl]1,3-propanediyl]propanoic acid ester.
  • organo-sulphur compounds such as, for example, sulfides and disulfides, for example distearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipropionate; Ditridecyldithiopropionate, Ditetradecylthiodipropionate, 3-(dodecylthio), 1,1'-[2,2-bis
  • Suitable acid scavengers are salts of mono, di, tri or tetravalent metals, preferably alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum or zinc, formed in particular with fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium laurate, Calcium behenate, calcium lactate, calcium stearoyl-2-lactate
  • Suitable acid scavengers are hydrotalcites, in particular synthetic hydrotalcites based on aluminium, magnesium and zinc, hydrocalumites, zeolites, alkaline earth metal oxides, in particular calcium oxide and magnesium oxide as well as zinc oxide, alkaline earth metal carbonates, in particular calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and dolomite, and hydroxides, in particular brucite (magnesium hydroxide),
  • Suitable co-stabilizers are also polyols, in particular alditols or cyclitols.
  • polyols are pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, short-chain polyetherpolyols or polyesterpolyols, and also hyperbranched polymers/oligomers or dendrimers with alcohol groups, for example
  • the at least one alditol is preferably selected from the group consisting of threitol, erythritol, galactitol, mannitol, ribitol, sorbitol, xylitol, arabitol, isomalt, Lactitol, maltitol, altritol, iditol, maltotritol and hydrogenated polyol-terminated oligo- and polysaccharides and mixtures thereof.
  • the at least one preferred alditol is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of erythritol, mannitol, isomalt, maltitol and mixtures thereof.
  • heptitols and octitols meso-glycero-allo-heptitol, D-glycero-D-altro-heptitol, D-glycero-D-manno-heptitol, meso-glycero-gulo-heptitol, D-glycero- D-galacto-heptitol (perseitol), D-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol, L-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol, D-erythro-L-galacto-octitol, D-threo-L-galacto-octitol.
  • the at least one cyclitol may be selected from the group consisting of inositol (myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- and cis-inositol), 1,2 ,3,4-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxycyclohexane, quercitol, viscumitol, bornesitol, conduritol, ononitol, pinitol, pinpollitol, quebrachitol, ciceritol, quinic acid, shikimic acid and valienol is preferred myo-lnositol (myo-lnositol).
  • inositol myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- and cis-inosito
  • Suitable light stabilizers are compounds based on 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, esters of benzoic acids, acrylates, oxamides and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines.
  • 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles examples include 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole , 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3 ',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-( 3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazo
  • 2-hydroxybenzophenones 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy -4,4'-dimethyloxy derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenones.
  • Suitable acrylates are ethyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ , ⁇ -diphenyl acrylate, isooctyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ , ⁇ -diphenyl acrylate, methyl ⁇ -carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ -methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ -methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl ⁇ -carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate and N-( ⁇ -carbo-methoxy- ⁇ -cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline.
  • esters of benzoic acids are 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert- butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di- tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
  • Suitable oxamides are 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'- di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixtures with 2- ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
  • 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines examples include 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy- 4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy -4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methyl- phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl- phenyl)-1,
  • suitable metal deactivators are N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyldihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoylbisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxylyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.
  • metal deactivators are:
  • hindered amines examples include 1,1-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebazate, bis(1 -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebazate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4- piperidyl)-n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, Tris(2,2,6,6-
  • the structures given above also include the sterically hindered N—H, N-alkyl such as N-methyl or N-octyl, the N-alkoxy derivatives such as N-methoxy or N-octyloxy, and the cycloalkyl derivatives such as N-cyclohexyloxy and the N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) analogs.
  • Preferred hindered amines also have the following structures:
  • Preferred oligomeric and polymeric hindered amines have the following structures:
  • n is in each case from 3 to 100.
  • Hostanox NOW manufactured by Clariant SE
  • Clariant SE Clariant SE
  • R is -OC(O)-C 15 H 31 or -OC(O)-C 17 H 35 .
  • Suitable dispersing agents are:
  • Polyacrylates e.g. copolymers with long chain side groups, polyacrylate Block copolymers, alkylamides: eg N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbisoctadecanamide sorbitan esters, eg monostearylsorbitan esters, titanates and zirconates, reactive copolymers with functional groups eg polypropylene-co-acrylic acid, polypropylene-co-maleic anhydride, polyethylene co-glycidyl methacrylate, polystyrene-alt-maleic anhydride-polysiloxanes: eg dimethylsilanediol-ethylene oxide copolymer, polyphenylsiloxane copolymer, amphiphilic copolymers: eg polyethylene block polyethylene oxide, dendrimers, eg dendrimers containing hydroxyl groups.
  • alkylamides eg N,N'-1,2-ethanediyl
  • Suitable antinucleating agents are azine dyes such as nigrosine.
  • Suitable flame retardants are in particular
  • Inorganic flame retardants such as Al(OH)3, Mg(OH) 2 , AIO(OH), MgCO 3 , sheet silicates such as montmorillonite or sepiolite, unmodified or organically modified, double salts such as Mg-Al silicates, POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) compounds, huntite, hydromagnesite or halloysite as well as Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate,
  • sheet silicates such as montmorillonite or sepiolite, unmodified or organically modified, double salts such as Mg-Al silicates, POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) compounds, huntite, hydromagnesite or halloysite as well as Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate,
  • Nitrogen-containing flame retardants such as melamine, melem, melam, melon, melamine derivatives, melamine condensation products or melamine salts, benzoguanamine, polyisocyanurates, allantoin, phosphacene, in particular melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, dimelamin phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine metal phosphates such as mela Mine aluminum phosphate, melamine zinc phosphate, melamine magnesium phosphate, and the corresponding pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, poly-[2,4-(piperazin-1,4-yl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine] , ammonium polyphosphate, melamine borate, melamine hydrobromide,
  • Radical formers such as alkoxyamines, hydroxylamine esters, azo compounds, sulfenamides, sulfenimides, dicumyl or polycumyl, hydroxyimides and their derivatives such as hydroxyimide esters or hydroxyimide ethers
  • Phosphorus-containing flame retardants such as red phosphorus, phosphates such as resorcinol diphosphate, bisphenol A diphosphate and their oligomers, triphe nyl phosphate, ethylene diamine diphosphate, phosphinates such as salts of hypophosphorous acid and its derivatives such as alkyl phosphinate salts such as diethyl phosphinate aluminum or diethyl phosphinate zinc or aluminum phosphinate, aluminum phosphite, aluminum phosphonate, phosphonate esters, oligomers and polymeric derivatives of methanephosphonic acid, 9,10- Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorylphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and their substituted compounds,
  • DOPO 9,10- Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorylphenanthrene-10-oxide
  • Halogen-containing flame retardants based on chlorine and bromine such as e.g. Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, hexabromocyclododecane, brominated diphenylethane, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate, ethylenebis-(tetrabromophthalimide), tetrabromobisphenol A, brominated polystyrene, brominated polybutadiene or polystyrene-brominated polybutadiene copolymers , brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated epoxy resin, polypentabromobenzyl acrylate, possibly in combination with Sb2O3 and/or Sb2O5,
  • Sulfur-containing compounds such as elemental sulphur, disulfides and polysulfides, thiuram sulfide, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazole and sulfenamides,
  • anti-drip agents such as polytetrafluoroethylene,
  • Silicon-containing compounds such as polyphenylsiloxanes,
  • Carbon modifications such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), expandable graphite or graphene and combinations or mixtures thereof.
  • plasticizers examples include phthalic acid esters, adipic acid esters, esters of citric acid, esters of 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid esters, isosorbide esters, phosphate esters, epoxides such as epoxidized soybean oil or aliphatic polyesters.
  • Suitable lubricants and processing aids are, for example, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, salts of fatty acids such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate or salts of montan waxes, amide waxes such as erucic acid amide or oleic acid amides, fluoropolymers, silicones or neoalkoxy titanate and zirconates.
  • Suitable pigments can be inorganic or organic in nature.
  • Inorganic pigments are, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, iron oxide, ultramarine, carbon black, organic pigments are, for example, anthraquinones, anthanthrones, benzimidazolones, quinacridones, diketopyrrolopyrroles, dioxazines, indanthrones, isoindolinones, azo compounds, perylenes, phthalates locyanines or pyranthrones.
  • Other suitable pigments are metal-based effect pigments or metal-oxide-based pearlescent pigments.
  • Suitable optical brighteners are, for example, bisbenzoxazoles, phenylcoumarins or bis(styryl)biphenyls and in particular optical brighteners of the formulas:
  • Suitable filler deactivators are, for example, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, in particular block copolymers such as polymethacrylic acid-polyalkylene oxide or polyglycidyl (meth)acrylates and their copolymers, for example with styrene, and epoxides, for example of the following structures:
  • Suitable antistatic agents are ethoxylated alkylamines, fatty acid esters, alkylsulfonates and polymers such as polyetheramides.
  • Suitable antiozonants are the amines mentioned above, such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'- Bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N '-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
  • Suitable rheology modifiers e.g. for the production of controlled rheology polypropylene (CR-PP) are, for example, peroxides, alkoxyamine esters or oxyimide sulfonic acid esters.
  • Suitable additives for increasing the molecular weight of polycondensation polymers are diepoxides, bis-oxazolines, bis-oxazolones, bis-oxazines, diisocyanates, dianhydrides, bis-acyllactams, bis-maleimides, dicyanates, carbodiimides and polycarbodiimides.
  • chain extenders are polymeric compounds such as e.g. B. polystyrene-polyacrylate-polyglycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyethylene-maleic acid anhydride copolymers.
  • hydrolysis stabilizers for polycondensation polymers such as polyesters or polyamides are epoxides, carbodiimides, polycarbodiimides or aziridines.
  • Suitable additives for increasing the electrical conductivity are, for example, the antistatic agents mentioned, soot and carbon compounds such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, metal powder such as copper powder and conductive polymers such as polypyrroles, polyanilines and polythiophenes.
  • suitable infrared-active additives are aluminum silicates, hydrotalcites or dyes such as phthalocyanines or anthraquinones.
  • crosslinking agents are peroxides such as dialkyl peroxides, alkylaryl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxycarbonates, diacyl prooxides, peroxyketals, silanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyldimethoxymethylsilane or ethylene-vinylsilane copolymers.
  • peroxides such as dialkyl peroxides, alkylaryl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxycarbonates, diacyl prooxides, peroxyketals
  • silanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy
  • Suitable additives for increasing the thermal conductivity of plastic recyclates are, for example, inorganic fillers such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, silicon carbide and also carbon nanotubes (CNT).
  • inorganic fillers such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, silicon carbide and also carbon nanotubes (CNT).
  • Suitable impact modifiers are usually selected for the polymer in question and are, for example, from the group of functionalized or non-functionalized polyolefins, such as ethylene copolymers such as EPDM or maleic anhydride or styrene-acrylonitrile-modified EPDM, glycidyl methacrylate-modified ethylene-acrylate copolymers or ionomers, Core-shell polymers, e.g. based on MBS (methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer) or acrylic ester polymethyl methacrylate, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) e.g.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomers
  • styrene block copolymers styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-butadiene -Styrene (SBS) optionally hydrogenated (SEBS) or modified by maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MAH), thermoplastic polyurethanes, copolyesters or copolyamides.
  • Suitable slip agents are amide waxes such as erucic acid amide or oleic acid amide.
  • antiblocking agents examples include silica, talc or zeolites.
  • Suitable mold release agents are, for example, silicones, soaps and waxes such as montan waxes.
  • the at least one additive can be present in an amount of 0.01 to 9.99% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4.98% by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 2.00% by weight %, particularly preferably 0.05 to 1.00% by weight, based on the entirety of the compound of the general formula I, the organic material and the at least one additive, may be present or added.
  • the invention proposes an organic material, in particular a plastic composition, which contains at least one compound of general formula I and/or at least one polymeric compound containing a repeating unit of general formula II or a mixture of several of the compounds according to general formula I and/or the polymeric compounds containing a repeating unit according to general formula II as defined above as a stabilizer.
  • 0.01 to 10.00% by weight preferably from 0.02 to 5.00% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 3.00% by weight, more preferably from 0.10 to 2, 00% by weight, particularly preferably 0.10 to 1.00% by weight, of at least one compound of general formula I, at least one polymeric compound containing a repeating unit according to general formula II or a mixture of several of the Compounds according to general formula I and/or polymeric compounds containing a repeating unit according to general formula II,
  • the organic material can, for example, contain at least one additive selected from the group consisting of secondary and/or primary antioxidants, in particular primary and/or secondary antioxidants selected from the group consisting of phosphites, phosphonites, thiols, phenolic antioxidants, sterically hindered ones Amines, hydroxylamines and mixtures or combinations thereof, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, hydroxylamine-based stabilizers, benzofuranone-based stabilizers, nucleating agents, impact modifiers, plasticizers, Lubricants, rheology modifiers, chain extenders, processing aids, pigments, dyes, optical brighteners, antimicrobial agents, antistatic agents, slip agents, antiblocking agents, coupling agents, dispersants, compatibilizers, oxygen scavengers, acid scavengers, co-stabilizers, marking agents and antifogging agents, in particular secondary - ren antioxidants.
  • primary and/or secondary antioxidants selected from the group consisting of phosphites
  • the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of a secondary antioxidant selected from the group consisting of phosphites, phosphonites, at least one costabilizer selected from the group consisting of polyols, acid scavengers and sterically hindered amines.
  • the invention also relates to a method for stabilizing organic materials, in particular against oxidative, thermal and/or actinic degradation, in which at least one compound of general formula I, at least one polymeric compound containing a repeating unit according to general formula II or a mixture several of the compounds of the general formula I and/or polymeric compounds containing a repeating unit of the general formula II as defined above is incorporated into the organic material.
  • the following compounds are also proposed, which are suitable as stabilizers: or a polymeric compound containing a repeating unit according to general formula II wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , a, b and c are as defined above.
  • X 4 is a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably a linear alkylene radical having 1 to 3,
  • SG is a protective group and e is 0 or 1
  • the compound of the general formula IIIa or IIIb with, for example, 1/d equivalents of a compound of the general formula IV is converted to the compound of the general formula I and finally the product obtained in the second step is deprotected.
  • conversion with 1/d equivalent means that preferably at least 1/d equivalent of the compound of the general formula IV is present in the reaction.
  • Table 1 Overview of the thermogravimetric investigations of the synthesized 1,4-butanediol bis(thioglycolate) urushiol thioether. i.e. Synthesis of the triethylsilyl-protected pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) urushiol thioether In a 100 mL Schlenk flask, 6.40 g (1.00 eq., 13.10 mmol) pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) are mixed with 19.82 g (4.00 eq., 52.40 mmol) des Triethyl-protected eugenol combined.
  • the reaction mixture is degassed once using the freeze-pump-thaw method and then a small amount of IRGACURE 819 is added in a nitrogen countercurrent.
  • the reaction mixture is then irradiated with stirring at a wavelength of 366 nm under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the progress of the reaction is followed by means of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy by taking regular samples. After 30 minutes, a significant increase in viscosity can already be seen and after 48 hours the reaction is complete. The yield is 99.87%. e.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred overnight and, the following day, 15 mL of a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 40 mL of distilled water are added.
  • the reaction mixture is extracted three times with 30 mL ethyl acetate each time.
  • the combined organic extracts are washed again with 40 mL of a saturated sodium chloride solution and finally evaporated.
  • the residue is taken up in 60 mL tetrahydrofuran and passed through a frit with a thin layer of silica gel.
  • the filtrate is spun in and finally distilled again in vacuo. After cooling, 1.09 g (1.00 mmol) of a slightly yellow, viscous liquid are obtained.
  • the yield is 66.23%.
  • Table 2 Overview of the thermogravimetric investigations of the synthesized pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) urushiol thioether. f. Synthesis of the triethylsilyl octadecanethiol urushiol thioether
  • Table 3 Overview of the thermogravimetric investigations of the synthesized octadecanethiol urushiol thioether.
  • H Synthesis of (3R,6S)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diylbis(3-((3-(3,4-bis((triethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)propyl)thio)propanoate )s
  • 7.00 g (1.00 eq., 21.74 mmol) isosorbide bis-(3-mercapto)propionate are dissolved in 16.44 g (2.00 eq., 43.47 mmol) des Submitted triethyl-protected eugenol.
  • the reaction mixture is degassed once using the freeze-pump-thaw method and then a small amount of IRGACURE 819 is added in a nitrogen countercurrent. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is irradiated with stirring at a wavelength of 366 nm under a nitrogen atmosphere, during which the reaction mixture is gradually homogenized. The progress of the reaction is followed by means of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy by taking regular samples. After 24 h the reaction mixture has homogenized and after 96 h the reaction is complete. The yield is 99.26%. i.
  • the flask is immediately transferred to an ice bath and the polymer is then precipitated in 300 mL of methanol. After drying, the transparent gel is taken up in 100 mL tetrahydrofuran and treated with 3.00 mL 1 M hydrochloric acid. Finally, after 48 h, the polymer is precipitated in 400 mL of n-hexane. After drying in a high vacuum at 80 °C 3.57 g of a white-beige solid were obtained.
  • the flask is immediately transferred to an ice bath and the polymer is then precipitated in 350 mL of methanol. After drying, the transparent gel is taken up in 100 mL tetrahydrofuran, and 3.00 mL 1 M hydrochloric acid and a few drops of ethanol are added. The progress of the desilylation is checked by taking precipitation samples in n-hexane with subsequent 1 H-NMR analysis. Finally, after 360 h, the polymer is precipitated in 500 mL of n-hexane. After drying under high vacuum at 80° C., 3.08 g of a white-beige, slightly greasy solid are obtained.
  • Table 7 Overview of the results of the thermogravimetric analysis of the polystearyl methacrylate-co-poly(2-((3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl)thio)ethyl methacrylate) copolymer under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Table 8 Overview of the mean molecular weight determined by means of gel permeation chromatography and the dispersity of the synthesized random copolymer.
  • the additives according to the invention show a very good stabilizing effect, since there is less degradation of the polymer over the test period compared to an unstabilized polymer and a polymer stabilized with commercially available antioxidants.
  • compositions according to the invention show a very good stabilizing effect, since there is less degradation of the polymer over the test period than in the comparative examples.
  • OIT oxidation induction time

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP21802695.3A 2020-11-02 2021-11-02 Verwendung von eugenol-derivaten als stabilisatoren, organisches material sowie eugenol-derivate Pending EP4237484A1 (de)

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DE102020128803.4A DE102020128803A1 (de) 2020-11-02 2020-11-02 Verwendung von Eugenol-Derivaten als Stabilisatoren, organisches Material sowie Eugenol-Derivate
PCT/EP2021/080340 WO2022090566A1 (de) 2020-11-02 2021-11-02 Verwendung von eugenol-derivaten als stabilisatoren, organisches material sowie eugenol-derivate

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WO2023223186A1 (en) * 2022-05-16 2023-11-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesion modifier composition, and curable composition and method of bonding including the same
EP4438652A1 (de) * 2023-03-30 2024-10-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur herstellung von aliphatischen polyestern

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US3334046A (en) 1965-07-20 1967-08-01 Geigy Chem Corp Compositions stabilized with substituted 1, 3, 5-triazines
US4282971A (en) 1979-10-05 1981-08-11 Joy Manufacturing Company Conveyor belt chain and method for its use
EP0224442B1 (de) 1985-11-13 1990-05-16 Ciba-Geigy Ag Substituierte Phenole als Stabilisatoren
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CN105669397B (zh) 2016-03-29 2018-01-02 青岛科技大学 一种木质素氧化降解制备丁香酚的方法
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