WO2024002610A1 - Stabilisator-zusammensetzung, verwendung der stabilisator-zusammensetzung, verfahren zur stabilisierung von kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen abbau sowie hydrolysestabilisierte zusammensetzung und formkörper oder formteil hieraus - Google Patents
Stabilisator-zusammensetzung, verwendung der stabilisator-zusammensetzung, verfahren zur stabilisierung von kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen abbau sowie hydrolysestabilisierte zusammensetzung und formkörper oder formteil hieraus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024002610A1 WO2024002610A1 PCT/EP2023/064614 EP2023064614W WO2024002610A1 WO 2024002610 A1 WO2024002610 A1 WO 2024002610A1 EP 2023064614 W EP2023064614 W EP 2023064614W WO 2024002610 A1 WO2024002610 A1 WO 2024002610A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- bis
- aziridinecarboxamide
- aziridinyl
- acid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2206—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of calcium, strontium or barium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
- C08K2003/222—Magnesia, i.e. magnesium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/267—Magnesium carbonate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/019—Specific properties of additives the composition being defined by the absence of a certain additive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel stabilizer composition based on an aziridine and at least an oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc or mixtures of several of the aforementioned compounds, with the exception of hydrotalcites, zeolites and dawsonites.
- the stabilizer composition is suitable for stabilizing condensation polymers, in particular aliphatic polyesters, against hydrolytic degradation.
- the invention also relates to the use of the stabilizer composition according to the invention and to a process for stabilizing condensation polymers against hydrolytic degradation.
- the present invention further relates to moldings and moldings that can be produced from the composition according to the invention.
- Polycondensation polymers such as polyesters, polyamides and polycarbonates are can generally be classified as hydrolysis-sensitive polymers, since the chemical bonds of these polymers can be broken by water. This can be advantageous for the degradation of these polymers, for example in the environment, but is also often a disadvantage, particularly in technical applications and when extended service lives are desired.
- Polymers made from fossil raw materials are increasingly being replaced by polymers made from renewable raw materials.
- bio are, for example, based on aliphatic polyesters such as polylactic acid, also known as polylactide or PLA.
- aliphatic ester groups are significantly more sensitive to hydrolysis than (partially) aromatic ester groups (see, for example, M. Dröscher et al, Angewandte Macromolecular Chemistry 1984 , 128, 203-213).
- hydrolysis stabilizers for example, carbodiimides, polycarbodiimides, epoxides, alkyl ketene dimers and oxazolidinones are mentioned as hydrolysis stabilizers in WO 2012 072 489.
- Hydrolysis-resistant PLA-based compositions which contain carbodiimides, epoxy, oxoazolines, oxazines or aziridines are described in CN 101 759 969.
- Compositions are also known, for example from WO 94/24201, which, in addition to the hydrolysis stabilizer in the form of epoxides, contain other additives such as calcium oxide or calcium silicates.
- Drilling fluids are also known that can contain aziridines, hydrotalcites and degradable polymers (WO2015/065575).
- Polycondensates that contain aziridines are therefore considered to be the next state of the art.
- aziridines in polyesters and PLA is mentioned in US 3959228, in TW 1472575, in US 2014/0100318 or US 2016/024297.
- polycondensation polymers in particular of polyesters and especially of aliphatic polyesters such as PLA, in order to expand the possible uses of these polymers.
- Claim 7 specifies possible uses of the stabilizer composition, while claim 10 relates to a process for stabilizing condensation polymers against hydrolytic degradation.
- Claim 11 relates to a hydrolysis-stabilized composition, claim 16 relates to a molded part or a shaped body that can be produced from the hydrolysis-stabilized composition.
- the present invention thus relates to a stabilizer composition consisting of at least one aziridine and at least one oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc or mixtures of several of the aforementioned compounds.
- the oxides, carbonates and hydroxides mentioned do not include hydrotalcites, zeolites and dawsonites; these are therefore excluded.
- polyesters with combinations of aziridines with at least one oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc or mixtures of several of the aforementioned compounds have particularly good hydrolysis stability. These combinations have not yet been described in the literature.
- this is at least one aziridine selected from the group consisting of monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional tetrafunctional and/or multifunctional aziridines with, for example, the following structures:
- Pentaerythritol tris[3-(1-aziridinyl)propionate]
- 1-aziridinecarboxamide N,N',N"-(methylidynetri-4,1-phenylene)tris;
- 1-aziridinecarboxamide N,N'-[[[6-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]hexyl]-imino] bis(carbonylimino-6,1-hexanediyl)]bis-;
- 1-aziridinepropionic acid 2-methyl, 1, 1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl]ester ;
- 1-aziridinepropionic acid 1,1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]-2,2-bis[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl ]propoxy]methyi]-2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl]ester;
- 1-aziridinepropionic acid 2-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-ox-opropoxy]methyl]propoxy]methyl]-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1 -aziridinyl)-1-ox-opropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl]ester;
- Particularly suitable aziridines are:
- Particularly preferred aziridines are the following compounds:
- aziridines are commercially available, e.g. from Menadiona (Barcelona, Spain), Polyaziridine LLC (Palm Beach, USA) or Covestro (Leverkusen, Germany)
- the oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc has a pK s value of at least 10.
- the oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc is selected from the group consisting of CaO, CaCO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, MgCO 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , CaMg (CO 3 ) 2 (dolomite), AI 2 O 3 , AI 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , AI(OH) 3 , ZnO, ZnCO 3 , and Zn(OH) 2 as well as mixtures and combinations thereof.
- the weight ratio of the total of the aziridines to the total of the at least one oxide, carbonate or hydroxide of calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc is 20:1 to 1:20, preferably from 10:1 to 1:10, particularly preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, in particular 1:1 to 1:4.
- the present invention relates to the use of a previously described stabilizer composition according to the invention for stabilizing condensation polymers against hydrolytic degradation.
- the present invention relates to a method for stabilizing condensation polymers against hydrolytic degradation to which a stabilizer composition according to the invention and described above is mixed into the condensation polymer or blended with it.
- the stabilizer composition is present in a weight ratio of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight. %, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the polycondensation polymer used or mixed in.
- the condensation polymer is selected from the group consisting of a) polyamides, such as polyamide-6, 6.6, 6.9, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12, 10.10 , 10.12, 12.12, polyamide 4, polyamide 7, polyamide 8, polyamide 9, polyamide 11, polyamide 12 as well as (partially) aromatic polyamides such as polyphthalamides, for example made from terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamines such as hexamethylenediamine or m-xylylenediamine or from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid or sebacic acid and aromatic diamines such as 1,4- or 1,3-diaminobenzene, referred to, for example, as polyamide 6T, polyamide 9T, polyamide 61, polyamide-6 -3-T, blends of different polyamides such as PA-6 and PA 6.6, PA6T and PA6
- polymers specified under a) to c) can have both amorphous and (partially) crystalline morphologies.
- polyesters are aliphatic polyesters, i.e. H. Polyesters that can be produced from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols or from aliphatic lactones.
- Suitable diols for aliphatic polyesters are, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 3 -Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol , -1,6,2-ethylhexanediol-1,3, 2,2-diethylpropanediol-1,3, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-propane, 2,2-bis-(4
- Suitable dicarboxylic acids for aliphatic polyesters are, for example, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid or cyclohexane -1,4-dicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic structures can also be present to a minor extent up to 20 mol%, preferably less than 10 mol%, very particularly preferably less than 1 mol%.
- Suitable aromatic structures for diols are hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 1,8-naphthalenediol, bisphenol-A, for dicarboxylic acids terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, an example of a heterocyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.
- Suitable hydroxycarboxylic acids are, for example, lactic acid, glycolic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid or 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid with aromatic components is mandelic acid.
- polyesters are, in particular, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and copolymers of 1,4-butanediol with terephthalic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid, as well as polyethylene furanoate (PEF), obtainable from ethylene glycol and 1,4-furandicarboxylic acid.
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene furanoate
- Preferred polyamides are in particular polyamide-6, polyamide-6.6, blends of polyamide 6 with polyamide 6.6, polyamide-10.10, polyamide-10.12, polyamide-12.12, polyamide-11 and polyamide-12.
- the at least one condensation polymer is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic polyesters, in particular polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polyamide-6 or Polyamide-6.6.
- PBS polylactic acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene furanoate
- polyamide-6 or Polyamide-6.6 polyamide-6 or Polyamide-6.6.
- the present invention relates to a hydrolysis-stabilized composition containing or consisting of at least one condensation polymer and a stabilizer composition according to the invention described above.
- a hydrolysis-stabilized composition containing or consisting of at least one condensation polymer and a stabilizer composition according to the invention described above.
- the preferred embodiments described above for the stabilizer composition and their use also apply without restriction to the hydrolysis-stabilized composition.
- the hydrolysis stability is particularly evident in the slight increase in the melt volume flow rate (MVR) of the hydrolysis-stabilized composition when it is exposed to hydrolyzing conditions, which indicates a reduction in the molecular weight of the polymers used and thus a degradation caused by hydrolysis.
- MVR melt volume flow rate
- the hydrolysis-stabilized composition is characterized by a melt volume flow rate (MVR), determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2012 after storage of an extruded polymer granulate with a granule diameter between 1 and 3 mm (for example 2 mm) in deionized water for 336 hours at a temperature of 60 °C (aliphatic polyesters) or 936 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C ((partially) aromatic polyester), which is increased by a maximum of 100%, preferably a maximum of 90%, compared to the melt volume flow rate (MVR) of the same sample before storage.
- MVR melt volume flow rate
- the hydrolysis-stabilized composition is characterized by a tensile strength, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-1:2012, and a flexural strength, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 178:2013 after storage of an injection-molded test specimen in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 deionized water over a period of 1334 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C ((partially) aromatic polyester), which is reduced by a maximum of 40%, preferably a maximum of 10%, compared to the tensile or flexural strength of the same test body before storage
- compositions may contain further additives selected from the group consisting of primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, antiozonants, nucleating agents, antinucleating agents, impact modifiers, plasticizers, Lubricants, rheology modifiers, thixotropy agents, chain extenders, processing aids, mold release aids, flame retardants, pigments, dyes, optical brighteners, antimicrobial active ingredients, antistatics, slip agents, anti-blocking agents, coupling agents, crosslinking agents, anticrosslinking agents, hydrophilizing agents, hydrophobicizing agents, hydrolysis stabilizers, adhesives.
- further additives selected from the group consisting of primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, antiozonants, nucleating agents, antinucleating agents, impact modifiers, plasticizers, Lubricants, rheology modifiers, thixotropy agents, chain extend
- compositions contain in particular phenolic antioxidants, phosphites or phosphonites, fillers or reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers. .
- Suitable phenolic antioxidants are:
- Alkylated monophenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di -tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol , 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched nonylphenols, such as 2,6-dinonylphenol 4-methyl-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1
- alkylthiomethylphenols such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol;
- Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyloxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4 -octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl -4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl) adipate;
- Tocopherols such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, 5-tocopherol and mixtures of these (vitamin E);
- Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl- 3-methyl-phenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-secamylphenol), 4,4'-bis( 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide;
- Alkylidenebisphenols such as 2,2'methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methylphenol 6-( ⁇ - methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclhexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di- tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[ 6-( ⁇ -methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,
- O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate , tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzyl-mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy -2,6-dimethyl-benzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate;
- Hydroxybenzylated malonates such as dioctadecyl-2, 2-bis(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzyl) malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2- bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate;
- Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)phenol; Triazine compounds such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,
- Benzyl phosphonates such as dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate, dietyhl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate, dioctadecyl
- acylaminophenols such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl-N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate;
- Esters of ß-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol , 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]
- Esters of ß-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol , 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]o
- Esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane , 4-Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;
- Amides of ß-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N' - Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-Bis(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide ( Naugard®XL-1, distributed by Uniroyal);
- vitamin C Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
- Particularly preferred phenolic antioxidants are the following structures:
- n is an integer and is between 2 and 10.
- phenolic antioxidants are phenolic antioxidants based on renewable raw materials such as: B. ⁇ -, ß-, ⁇ -, ⁇ -tocopherol and mixtures of these (vitamin E), tocotrienols, tocomonoenols, ubiquinol, hydroxytyrosol, flavonoids and flavonols such as chrysin, quercitin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringin, Morin, kaempferol, fisetin, datiscetin, luteolin, apigenin, taxifolin, isoflavones such as genistein, genistin, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, anthocyanins such as delphinidin and malvidin, curcumin, carnosolic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, tannin and resveratrol as well as carotenoids with alcoholic groups, such as beta
- Suitable amine antioxidants are:
- p,p' -Di-tert-octyldiphenylamine 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl -4-dimethylaminomethyl-phenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[ (2-methyl-phenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine,
- Preferred aminic antioxidants are: N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p -phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p- phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-iso-propyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3 -Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl
- Particularly preferred aminic antioxidants are the structures:
- Preferred hydroxylamines or N-oxides are, for example, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-distearylhydroxylamine, N-benzyl-a-phenylnitrone, N- Octadecyl-a-hexadecylnitron, as well as Genox EP (Sl Group) according to the formula:
- Suitable lactones are benzofuranones and indolinones such as 3-(4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl- 3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2 -one), 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl -benzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofur
- Preferred fillers are calcium carbonate, silicates, talc, mica, kaolin, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, soot, graphite, wood flour or fibers from natural products such as cellulose.
- Other suitable fillers are hydrotalcites or zeolites or layered silicates such as montmorillonite, bentonite, beidelite, mica, hectorite, saponite, vermiculite, ledikite, magadite, lllite, kaolinite, wollastonite, attapulgite.
- Other suitable organic fillers include, for example, rosin, starch, chitin or chitosan.
- Suitable secondary antioxidants are in particular phosphites or phosphonites such as e.g.
- Triphenyl phosphite diphenyl alkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tri(nonyl-phenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphites, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylpenta-erythritol diphosphite, tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl penta-erythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4 -di-tert -butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisode
- Particularly preferred phosphites are:
- a preferred phosphonite is:
- Suitable secondary antioxidants are also organosulfur compounds such as sulfides and disulfides, for example distearylthiodipropionate, dilaurylthiodipropionate, ditridecyldithiopropionate, ditetradecylthiodipropionate, 3- (dodecylthio)-, 1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(dodecylthio )-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl]propanoic acid ester.
- the following structures are preferred:
- Suitable acid scavengers are salts of monovalent, bivalent, trivalent or tetravalent metals, preferably alkali, alkaline earth metals, aluminum or zinc, in particular formed with fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium laurate, Calcium behenate, calcium lactate, calcium stearoyl-2-lactate.
- hydrotalcites in particular synthetic hydrotalcites based on aluminum, magnesium and zinc, hydrocalumites, zeolites, alkaline earth metal oxides, in particular calcium oxide and magnesium oxide as well as zinc oxide, alkaline earth metal carbonates, especially calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and dolomite, and hydroxides, especially brucite (magnesium hydroxide),
- Suitable co-stabilizers are also polyols, in particular alditols or cyclitols.
- Polyols are, for example, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, short-chain polyether polyols or polyester polyols, as well as hyperbranched polymers/oligomers or dendrimers with alcohol groups, for example
- the at least one alditol is selected from the group consisting of threitol, erythritol, galactitol, mannitol, ribitol, sorbitol, xylitol, arabitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, altritol, iditol, maltotritol and hydrogenated oligo- and polysaccharides with polyol -End groups and mixtures thereof.
- the at least one preferred alditol is selected from the group consisting of erythritol, mannitol, isomalt, maltitol and mixtures thereof.
- heptitols and octitols meso-glycero-allo-heptitol, D-glycero-D-altro-heptitol, D-glycero-D-manno-heptitol, meso-glycero-gulo-heptitol, D-glycero- D-galacto-heptitol (Perseitol), D-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol, L-glycero-D-gluco heptitol, D-erythro-L-galacto-octitol, D-threo-L-galacto-octitol.
- the at least one cyclitol can be selected from the group consisting of inositol (myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- and cis-inositol), 1,2 ,3,4-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, 1, 2,3,4, 5-pentahydroxycyclohexane, quercitol, viscumitol, bornesitol, conduritol, ononitol, pinitol, Pinpollitol, quebrachitol, ciceritol, quinic acid, shikimic acid and valienol, myo-lnositol (myo-lnositol) being preferred.
- inositol myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- and cis-inos
- Light stabilizers are, for example, compounds based on 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, esters of benzoic acids, acrylates, oxamides and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines.
- Suitable 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles include, for example, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole , 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3 ',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-( 3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl
- Suitable 2-hydroxybenzophenones are, for example, 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy -4,4'-dimethyoxy derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenones.
- Suitable acrylates are, for example, ethyl-a-cyano-ß,ß-diphenyl acrylate, isooctyl-a-cyano-ß,ß-diphenyl acrylate, methyl-a-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl-a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, Butyl-a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl-a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate and N-(ß-carbo-methoxy-ß-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline.
- Suitable esters of benzoic acids are, for example, 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoate, octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6- di-tert-butylphenyl
- Suitable oxamides are, for example, 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'- di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixtures with 2- Ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
- Suitable 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines are, for example, 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy- 4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-di-methylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-di-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy -4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methyl-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl- phenyl)-1
- Suitable metal deactivators are, for example, N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy-phenyl-propionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyldihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoylbisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl) oxylyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyldihydrazide.
- Particularly preferred metal deactivators are:
- Suitable low molecular weight hindered amines are:
- N-H N-alkyl such as N-methyl or N-octyl
- N-alkoxy derivatives such as N-methoxy or N-octyloxy
- cycloalkyl derivatives such as N -cyclohexyloxy and the N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) analogues.
- Preferred low molecular weight hindered amines also have the following structures:
- Preferred oligomeric or polymeric hindered amines are:
- n means 3 to 100.
- Another suitable light stabilizer is Hostanox NOW (manufacturer: Clariant SE) with the following general structure: where R means -OC(O)-C 15 H 31 or -OC(O)-C 17 H 35 .
- the structures given above also include the sterically hindered N-H, N-alkyl such as N-methyl or N-octyl, the N-alkoxy derivatives such as N-methoxy or N-octyloxy, the cycloalkyl derivatives such as N -cyclohexyloxy and the N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) analogues.
- Suitable dispersants are: Polyacrylates, e.g. copolymers with long-chain side groups, polyacrylate block copolymers, alkylamides: e.g. N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbisoctadecanamide sorbitan esters, e.g. monostearyl sorbitan esters, titanates and zirconates, reactive copolymers with functional groups, e.g. polypropylene-co-acrylic acid, Polypropylene-co-maleic anhydride, polyethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate, polystyrene-alt-maleic anhydride-polysiloxanes: e.g.
- dimethylsilanediol-ethylene oxide copolymer polyphenylsiloxane copolymer, amphiphilic copolymers: e.g. polyethylene-block-polyethylene oxide, dendrimers, e.g. hydroxyl-containing den - drimers.
- Suitable antinucleating agents are azine dyes such as nigrosine.
- Suitable flame retardants are in particular a) inorganic flame retardants such as AI(OH) 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , AIO(OH), MgCO 3 , layered silicates such as montmorillonite or sepiolite, not or organically modified, double salts such as Mg-Al- Silicates, POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) compounds, huntite, hydromagnesite or halloysite as well as Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, b) nitrogen-containing flame retardants such as melamine, melem, Melam, melon, melamine derivatives, melamine condensation products or melamine salts, benzoguanamine, polyisocyanurates, allantoin, phosphacenes, in particular melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, dimelamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate
- Copolymers brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated epoxy resin, polypentabromobenzyl acrylate, possibly in combination with Sb 2 O 3 and/or Sb 2 O 5 , f) borates such as zinc borate or calcium borate, possibly on a support material such as silica g) sulfur-containing compounds such as elemental Sulfur, disulfides and polysulfides, thiuram sulfide, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazole and sulfenamides, h) antidrip agents such as polytetrafluoroethylene, i) silicon-containing compounds such as polyphenylsiloxanes, j) carbon modifications such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), expanded graphite or graphene k) as well as combinations or mixtures thereof.
- borates such as zinc borate or calcium borate, possibly on a support material such as silica
- sulfur-containing compounds such as elemental Sulfur, disulf
- Suitable plasticizers are, for example, phthalic acid esters, adipic acid esters, citric acid esters, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters, isosorbide esters, phosphate esters, epoxides such as, for example, epoxidized soybean oil or aliphatic polyesters.
- Suitable lubricants and processing aids are, for example, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, salts of fatty acids such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate or salts of montan waxes, amide waxes such as erucic acid amide or oleic acid amides, fluoropolymers, silicones or neoalkoxy titanates and zirconates.
- Suitable pigments can be inorganic or organic in nature.
- Inorganic pigments are, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, iron oxide, ultramarine, soot, organic pigments are, for example, anthraquinones, anthanthrones, benzimidazolones, quinacridones, diketopyrrolopyrroles, dioxazines, indanthrones, isoindolinones, azo compounds, perylenes, phthalocyanides. nine or pyranthrones.
- Other suitable pigments are metal-based effect pigments or metal oxide-based pearlescent pigments.
- Suitable optical brighteners are, for example, bisbenzoxazoles, phenylcoumarins or bis(styryl)biphenyls and in particular optical brighteners with the formulas:
- Suitable filler deactivators are, for example, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, in particular block copolymers such as polymethacrylic acid-polyalkylene oxide or
- Suitable antistatic agents include, for example, ethoxylated alkyl amines, fatty acid esters, alkyl sulfonates and polymers such as polyetheramides.
- Suitable antiozonants are the above-mentioned amines such as N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis-(1,4-dimethylpentyl )-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine , N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- Suitable nucleating agents are talc, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of mono- and polyfunctional carboxylic acids such as. E.g. benzoic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, e.g. sodium benzoate, zinc glycerolate, aluminum hydroxy-bis(4-tert-butyl)benzoate, 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl).
- trisamides and diamides such as trimesic acid tricyclohexylamide, trimesic acid tri(4-methylcyclohexylamide), trimesic acid tri(tert-butylamide), N,N',N"-1,3,5-benzenetriyltris(2,2-dimethyl- propanamide) or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboic acid dicyclohexylamide.
- Suitable additives for increasing the molecular weight of polycondensation polymers are diepoxides, bis-oxazolines, bis-oxazolones, bis-oxazines, diisocyanates, dianhydrides, bis-acyllactams, bis-maleimides, dicyanates, carbodiimides.
- Other suitable chain extenders are polymeric bonds such as polystyrene-polyacrylate-polyglycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymers and polyethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers.
- Suitable additives for increasing electrical conductivity are, for example, the antistatic agents mentioned, soot and carbon compounds such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, metal powders such as copper powder and conductive polymers such as polypyrroles, polyanilines and polythiophenes.
- Suitable additives for increasing thermal conductivity are, for example, aluminum nitrides and boron nitrides.
- Suitable infrared-active additives are, for example, aluminum silicates, hydroalcites or dyes such as phthalocyanines or anthraquinones.
- Suitable mold release aids include, for example, silicones, soaps and waxes such as montan waxes.
- the additive composition described above and any additional additives are incorporated into the plastic using conventional processing methods, whereby the polymer is melted and mixed with the additive composition according to the invention and any additional additives, preferably using a mixer, kneader or extruder.
- Extruders such as single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, planetary roller extruders, ring extruders, co-kneaders, which are preferably equipped with vacuum degassing, are preferred as processing machines.
- the processing can take place under air or, if necessary, under inert gas conditions.
- additive compositions according to the invention can be produced and introduced in the form of so-called masterbatches or concentrates, which contain, for example, 10-90% of the compositions according to the invention in a polymer.
- the present invention relates to a molded part or a molded body that can be produced from a hydrolysis-stabilized composition according to the present invention.
- the molded part or the Shaped bodies selected from the group consisting of foils, films, foams, fibers, cables and pipes, profiles, hollow bodies, tapes, membranes, such as geomembranes, or adhesives, which are produced via extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, calendering, pressing processes, Spinning processes and rotomoulding are produced, for example, for the electrical and electronics industry, construction industry, transport industry (cars, airplanes, ships, trains), for medical applications, for household and electrical appliances, vehicle parts, consumer goods, packaging, furniture, Textiles.
- a polylactide (PLA) (Luminy L130, supplier: Total Corbion) was mixed together with the additives listed in Table 1 at 200 ° C max. in a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, manufacturer ThermoScientific) compounded at a throughput of 800 g/h.
- Polymer and additives were dried overnight in a vacuum dryer before processing. After compounding, the compounds were aged in deionized water at 60 °C in a heating cabinet for 14 days (336 hours). After aging, the samples were dried overnight and the MVR was determined (190 °C / 2.16 kg).
- a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (Pocan B1204, supplier: Lanxess AG) was used together with the additives listed in Table 1 at 250 ° C max. in a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Manufacturer ThermoScientific) compounded at a throughput of 800 g/h.
- Polymer and additives were dried overnight in a vacuum dryer before processing. After compounding, the compounds were aged in deionized water at 85 °C in an oven for 39 days (936 hours). After aging, the samples were dried overnight and the MVR was determined (250 °C / 2.16 kg).
- the stabilizing effect was achieved with another polybutylene terephthalate grade (PBT) (Arnite T06 200/D, supplier: DSM) together with the additives listed in Table 1 at 250 °C max. in a twin-screw extruder (Leistritz MIC 27, manufacturer Leistritz) is compounded at a throughput of 6 kg/h.
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate grade
- the tensile test specimens were then injection molded (according to DIN EN 527-2 Type 1A) on an injection molding machine (Arburg Allrounder 320 C, manufacturer Arburg) at a maximum of 250 °C. Polymer, additives and compounds were dried in a dry air dryer for at least 6 hours before processing.
- the compounds and test specimens were aged in deionized water at 85 °C in a heating cabinet for 56 days (1344 hours). After aging, the samples were dried overnight and the MVR (250 °C / 2.16 kg) as well as tensile and flexural strength were determined).
- the examples according to the invention show a much higher hydrolysis stability compared to the comparative examples, which is reflected in a smaller increase in the MVR value and a smaller reduction in tensile and flexural strength
- the MVR is a measure of the flowability of the melt and therefore also of the molecular weight of the polymer.
- Tensile and flexural strengths are a measure of the mechanical properties of the compounds and indirectly also of the molecular weight of the polymer. The lower the molecular weight, the lower the tensile and flexural strength and the higher the degradation of the polymer through hydrolysis. The lower the reduction in tensile and flexural strength, the higher the hydrolysis stability.
- the combinations according to the invention therefore show excellent hydrolysis stability.
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine neuartige Stabilisator-Zusammenset- zung, basierend auf einem Aziridin sowie mindestens einem Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink oder Mischungen mehrerer der zuvor genannten Verbindungen, wobei Hydrotalcite, Zeolithe und Dawsonite ausgenommen sind. Die Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung eignet sich zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren, insbesondere von aliphatischen Polyestern gegen hydrolytischen Abbau. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenso die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisator-Zusammen-setzung sowie ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau. Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung Formteile und Formkörper, die aus der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung herstellbar sind.
Description
Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung, Verwendung der Stabilisator-Zusammenset- zung, Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydro- lytischen Abbau sowie hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung und Formkör- per oder Formteil hieraus Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine neuartige Stabilisator-Zusammenset- zung, basierend auf einem Aziridin sowie mindestens einem Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink oder Mi- schungen mehrerer der zuvor genannten Verbindungen, wobei Hydrotalcite, Zeolithe und Dawsonite ausgenommen sind. Die Stabilisator-Zusammenset- zung eignet sich zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren, insbesondere von aliphatischen Polyestern gegen hydrolytischen Abbau. Die Erfindung be- trifft ebenso die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisator-Zusammen- setzung sowie ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau. Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung Formteile und Formkörper, die aus der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung herstellbar sind. Polykondensationspolymere wie Polyester, Polyamide und Polycarbonate sind
grundsätzlich als hydrolyseempfindliche Polymere einzustufen, da die chemi- schen Bindungen dieser Polymere durch Wasser gespalten werden können. Dies kann für einen Abbau dieser Polymere z.B. in der Umwelt vorteilhaft sein, ist jedoch auch häufig von Nachteil insbesondere bei technischen Einsatzzwe- cken und erwünschten ausgedehnten Nutzungsdauern. In zunehmendem Maße werden Polymere aus fossilen Rohstoffen durch Polymere aus nachwach- senden Rohstoffen ersetzt. Diese „Bio"-Polymeren sind beispielsweise auf der Basis von aliphatischen Polyestern wie z.B. Polymilchsäure auch Polylactid oder PLA bezeichnet. Aliphatische Estergruppierungen sind jedoch deutlich hydroly- seempfindlicher als (teil-)aromatische Estergruppen (s. z.B. M. Dröscher et al, Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 1984, 128, 203-213).
Eine Verbesserung der Hydrolysestabilität von Polykondensationspolymeren und von PLA ist eine bekannte Fragestellung. Zum Beispiel werden in WO 2012 072 489 als Hydrolysestabilisatoren Carbodiimide, Polycarbodiimide, Epoxide, Alkylketendimere und Oxazolidinone genannt. In CN 101 759 969 werden hyd- rolysebeständige PLA basierende Zusammensetzungen beschrieben, die Car- bodiimide, Epoxy, Oxoazoline, Oxazine oder Aziridine enthalten. Es sind eben- falls z.B. aus WO 94/24201 Zusammensetzungen bekannt, die neben dem Hyd- rolysestabilisator in Form von Epoxiden weitere Zusätze wie Calciumoxid oder Calciumsilikate enthalten. Die Verwendung von Aziridinen in Polyestern und PLA wird weiterhin beispielsweise in US 3 959 228, in TW 1472575 oder in US 2014/0100318 erwähnt. Durch bestimmte Zusätze wie z.B. Füllstoffe kann je- doch auch die Hydrolysebeständigkeit negativ beeinflusst werden, so ist z.B. bekannt, dass Schichtsilikate wie Montmorillonite die Hydrolyse von PLA be- schleunigen (A. Rapacz-Kmita et al. Materials Letters 2015, 146, 73-76, Q. Zhao et al. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2008, 93, 1450-1459).
Zudem sind Bohrflüssigkeiten bekannt, die Aziridine, Hydrotalcite und abbau- bare Polymere enthalten können (WO2015/065575).
Als nächster Stand derTechnik sind daher Polykondensate anzusehen, die Aziri- dine enthalten. Beispielsweise wird die Verwendung von Aziridinen in Polyes- tern und PLA in US 3959228, in TW 1472575, in US 2014/0100318 oder US 2016/024297 erwähnt.
Es besteht allerdings nach wie vor der der Bedarf, die Hydrolysestabilität von Polykondensationspolymeren, insbesondere von Polyestern und vor allem von aliphatischen Polyestern wie PLA zu erhöhen, um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten die- ser Polymeren zu erweitern.
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich einer Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Mit Patentanspruch 7 werden Ver- wendungsmöglichkeiten der Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung angegeben, wäh- rend Patentanspruch 10 ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspo- lymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau betrifft. Patentanspruch 11 betrifft eine hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung, Patentanspruch 16 ein Formteil oder einen Formkörper, herstellbar aus der hydrolysestabilisierten Zusammenset- zung.
Die abhängigen Patentansprüche betreffen dabei jeweils vorteilhafte Weiter- bildungen.
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung somit eine Sta- bilisator-Zusammensetzung, bestehend aus mindestens einem Aziridin und mindestens einem Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magne- sium, Aluminium oder Zink oder Mischungen mehrerer der zuvor genannten Verbindungen. Die genannten Oxide, Carbonate und Hydroxide umfassen aller- dings keine Hydrotalcite, Zeolithe und Dawsonite; diese sind somit ausgeschlos- sen.
Es ist als überraschend anzusehen, dass Polyester mit Kombinationen von Aziri- dinen mit mindestens einem Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink oder Mischungen mehrerer der zuvor ge- nannten Verbindungen, eine besonders gute Hydrolysestabilität aufweisen. Diese Kombinationen sind in der Literatur bisher nicht beschrieben.
Es werden neue hydrolysestabilisierte Kunststoffzusammensetzungen aus Po- lykondensationspolymeren wie Polyester oder Polyamide, sowie neue Stabi- lisatorzusammensetzungen zur Verbesserung der Hydrolysestabilität mit hoher Wirksamkeit, insbesondere bei Biopolymeren wie PLA zur Verfügung gestellt.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das mindestens ein Aziridin aus- gewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus monofunktionellen, difunktionellen, tri- funktionellen tetrafunktionellen und/oder multifunktionellen Aziridinen mit beispielsweise den folgenden Strukturen:
A) Monofunktionellen Aziridinen
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-octadecyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-phenyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-cyclohexyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-1-naphthalenyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-decyl-;
N-Benzyloxycarbonylaziridine;
(4-Methoxyphenyl)(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)methanone;
N-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-1-aziridincarboxamid;
2-[2-(1-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-4-pyridinpyridincarbonsäure;
6-[2-(1-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-3-pyridinmethanamine;
6-[2-(1-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-2-pyridinpyridincarbonsäure;
2-[2-(1-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]pyridin;
2-[2-(1-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-4-pyridinmethanamine;
2-methyl-aziridine;
2-[1-(1-Aziridinylmethyl)propoxy]-pyridin;
B) difunktionellen Aziridinen
N,N'-Hexamethylen-1,6-bis(1-aziridincarboxamid);
N,N'-(Methylendi-p-phenylen)bis(aziridin-1-carboxamid);
N,N'-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylen)bis[2-methyl-1-aziridincarboxamid];
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylen)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylen)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(1,4-phenylendi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-1,4-phenylenbis-;
N,N'-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(2-methylaziridine-1-carboxamide);
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,3-Propandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,4-Butandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,5-Pentandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,6-Hexanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,7-Heptanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,8-Octanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,9-Nonanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,10-Decanediylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3-hydroxy-1,5-pentandiyl)bis-
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-1,5-naphthalenediylbis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis- ; pentan
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(methyl-1,3-phenylen)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis-;
Poly(oxy-1,4-butanediyl),a-[[[3-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4-methyl- phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-ω -[[[[3-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4- methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]-;
N,N"-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylen)bis[N'-1-aziridinyl-harnstoff;
C) Trifunktionellen Aziridinen
Pentaerythritol tris[3-(1-aziridinyl)propionat];
Trimethylolpropan tris[3-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)propionat];
Trimethylolpropan Tris[3-(aziridin-1-yl)propionat];
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3- propandiylester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, α- methyl -, 1, 1'-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-2-methyl-1- oxopropoxy]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-[[(1-aziridinylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,3- propandiylester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-methyl-, 1,1',1"-(2-ethyl-1,2,3-pro- pantriyl)ester;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N',N"-(methylidynetri-4,1-phenylen)tris; 1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-[[[6-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]hexyl]- imino]bis(carbonylimino-6,1-hexanediyl)]bis-;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2-ethyl-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-
aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 1,1'-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-
2-ethyl-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 1,1’-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-
2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α,α, α"-1,2,3-propantriyltris[ ω -[[[[3-[(1- aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4-methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]-; Aziri- dine, 1,1',1"-(s-phenenyltricarbonyl)tris[2-methyl-;
D) Tetrafunktionellen Aziridinen
Pentaerythritol tetrakis(ß-aziridino)propionat;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]- methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridi- nyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1 -Aziridinethanol, a,a'-[[2,2-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)- propoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]bis(oxymethylene)]bis[2-methyl-;
Ethanon, 2,2',2",2'"-[[2,2'-bipyridin]-6,6'-diylbis(methylenenitrilo)]- tetrakis[1-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-;
1,5-Pentandion, 2-[bis[2-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5- bis(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-;
Ethanon, 2,2',2",2"'-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis[1-(2-methyl-1- aziridinyl)-;
Methanon, 1,1',1",1'"-(1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetrayl)tetrakis[1-(2-me- thyl-1-aziridinyl)-;
1 -Aziridinethanol, α,α'-[[2,2-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-aziridi- nyl)propoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]bis(oxymethylen)]bis[2-methyl-;
E) Multifunktionellen Aziridinen
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 1,1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]-2,2- bis[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl] propoxy] methyi]-2-[[3-(1- aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-ox-
opropoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]methyl]propoxy]methyl]-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, ß,2-dimethyl-, benzylhexaylhexamethyl- enester;
1-Aziridinpropionsäure, 2-ethyl-ß-methyl-, benzylhexaylhexakis(meth- ylen)ester; sowie Mischungen und Kombinationen aus den zuvor genannten Aziri- dinen.
N,N'-(hexan-1,6-diyl)bis(2-methylaziridine-1-carboxamid)
Trimethylolpropan tris[3-(aziridin-1-yl)propionat]
Weitere bevorzugte Aziridine sind in WO 2020/020714 und in WO 2021/148570 beschrieben. Der Offenbarungsgehalt dieser Patentanmeldungen bezüglich der genannten Aziridine wird mit zum Offenbarungsgehalt der Vor- liegenden Erfindung gemacht.
Die genannten Aziridine sind teilweise im Handel erhältlich, z.B. von der Firma Menadiona (Barcelona, Spanien), Polyaziridine LLC (Palm Beach, USA) oder Covestro (Leverkusen, Deutschland)
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Oxid, Carbonat und/o- der Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink einen pKs-Wert von mindestens 10 auf.
Beispielsweise und insbesondere bevorzugt ist das Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, MgO, MgCO3, Mg(OH)2, CaMg(CO3)2 (Dolomit), AI2O3, AI2(CO3)3, AI(OH)3, ZnO, ZnCO3, und Zn(OH)2 sowie Mischungen und Kombinationen hiervon.
Bei der Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn das Gewichtsverhältnis der Gesamtheit der Aziri- dine zur Gesamtheit des mindestens einen Oxids, Carbonats oder Hydroxids von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink 20:1 bis 1:20, bevorzugt von 10:1 bis 1:10, besonders bevorzugt von 5:1 bis 1:5, insbesondere 1:1 bis 1:4 beträgt.
Zudem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung einer zuvor beschrie- benen erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau.
In einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau, bei
dem dem Kondensationspolymer eine erfindungsgemäße, im Voranstehenden beschriebene Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung zugemischt oder mit dieser ge- blendet wird.
Sowohl die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung bzw. das erfindungsgemäße Ver- fahren zeichnen sich vorteilhafterweise dadurch aus, dass die Stabilisator-Zu- sammensetzung in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, bevor- zugt von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,1 bis 3 % Gew.-% bezo- gen auf das Polykondensationspolymere verwendet bzw. zugemischt wird.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verwendung, des Verfahrens oder der Zusammensetzung ist vorgesehen, dass das Kondensationspolymere aus- gewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus a) Polyamiden, wie z.B. Polyamid-6, 6.6, 6.9, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12, 10.10, 10.12, 12.12, Polyamid 4, Polyamid, 7, Polyamid 8, Polyamid 9, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12 sowie (teil-)aromatische Polyamide wie z.B. Polyphtha- lamide, z.B. hergestellt aus Terephthalsäure und/oder Isophthalsäure und aliphatischen Diaminen wie z.B. Hexamethylendiamin oder m-Xyly- lendiamin oder aus aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren wie z.B. Adipinsäure o- der Sebazinsäure und aromatischen Diaminen wie z.B. 1,4- oder 1,3-Dia- minobenzol, bezeichnet z.B. als Polyamid 6T, Polyamid 9T, Polyamid 61, Polyamid-6-3-T, Blends von unterschiedlichen Polyamiden wie z.B. PA-6 und PA 6.6, PA6T und PA6I, PA-6.6 und PA6T bzw. Blends von Polyamiden und Polyolefinen wie z.B. PA/PP oder PA/PE. b) Polyestern aus aliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und Di- olen oder aus Hydroxy-Carbonsäuren, insbesondere aliphatischen Poly- estern, wie z.B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polytrimethylenterephthalat (PTT), , Polyethylennaphthylat (PEN), Poly-1,4-dimethylohcyclohexanterephthalat, Polyhydroxybenzoat, Po- lyhydroxynaphthalat, Polymilchsäure (PLA), Polyhydroxybutyrat (PHB), Polyhydroxyvalerat (PHV), Polybutylensuccinat (PBS), Polybutylensuc- cinatadipat (PBSA), Polyethylensuccinat, Polycaprolacton, c) Polycarbonaten, Polyestercarbonaten, sowie Blends wie z.B. PC/ABS,
PC/PBT, PC/PET/PBT, PC/PA, d) sowie Mischungen, Kombinationen oder Blends aus zwei oder mehr der zuvor genannten Polymeren.
Weiterhin können die unter a) bis c) angegebenen Polymeren sowohl amorphe als auch (teil-) kristalline Morphologien aufweisen.
Besonders bevorzugte Polyester sind hierbei aliphatische Polyester, d. h. Poly- ester, die aus aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren und aliphatischen Diolen bzw. aus aliphatischen Lactonen hergestellt werden können.
Geeignete Diole für aliphatische Polyester sind beispielsweise Ethylenglycol, 1,3-Propandiol, 1,2-Propandiol,1,4-Butandiol, Neopentylglykol, 1,5-Pentandi- ol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 2,5-Hexandiol, 3-Methyl-2,4pentandiol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pen- tandiol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol, 1,8-Octandiol, 1,10-Decandiol, 1,12- Dodecandiol, -1,6,2-Ethylhexandiol-1,3, 2,2-Diethylpropandiol-1,3, 2,2-Bis-(4- hydroxycyclohexyl)-propan, 2,2-Bis-(4-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)-propan, 1,4- Cyclohexandiol, 1,3-Cyclohexandiol, 1,4-Cyclohexandimethanol, 1,3-Cyclohe- xandimethanol.
Geeignete Dicarbonsäuren für aliphatische Polyester sind beispielsweise Ma- lonsäure, Dimethylmalonsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Pi- melinsäure, Suberinsäure, Azelainsäure, Sebacinsäure, Dodecandisäure, Bras- sylsäure, Tetradecandisäure, Hexadecandisäure, Cyclohexan-1,3-dicarbon- säure oder Cyclohexan-1,4-dicarbonsäure.
Neben aliphatischen Strukturen können in untergeordnetem Maße bis 20 mol % auch aromatische Strukturen vorliegen, bevorzugt kleiner 10 mol%, ganz besonders bevorzugt kleiner 1 mol%. Geeignete aromatische Strukturen sind bei Diolen Hydrochinon, Resorcin, 2,6-Naphthalindiol, 1,8-Naphthalindiol, Bi- sphenol-A, bei Dicarbonsäuren Terephthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Naphthalin- 2,6-dicarbonsäure, Beispiel für eine heterocyclische aromatische Dicarbon- säure ist 2,5-Furandicarbonsäure.
Geeignete Hydroxycarbonsäuren sind beispielsweise Milchsäure, Glycolsäure,
4-Hydroxybuttersäure, 3-Hydroxybuttersäure oder 3-Hydroxyvaleriansäure, eine Hydroxycarbonsäure mit aromatischen Anteilen ist Mandelsäure.
Weitere bevorzugte Polyester sind insbesondere Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) und Copolymere von 1,4-Butandiol mit Terephthalsäure, Adipinsäure o- der Sebazinsäure, sowie Polyethylenfuranoat (PEF), erhältlich aus Ethylenglycol und 1,4-Furandicarbonsäure.
Bevorzugte Polyamide sind insbesondere Polyamid-6, Polyamid-6.6, Blends von Polyamid 6 mit Polyamid 6.6, Polyamid-10.10, Polyamid-10.12, Polyamid-12.12, Polyamid-11 und Polyamid-12.
Besonders bevorzugt ist das mindestens eine Kondensationspolymer ausge- wählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus aliphatischen Polyestern, insbesondere Polymilchsäure (PLA), Polybutylensuccinat (PBS), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polyethylenfuranoat (PEF), Polyamid-6 o- der Polyamid-6.6.
Zudem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine hydrolysestabilisierte Zusam- mensetzung, enthaltend oder bestehend aus mindestens einem Kondensati- onspolymer sowie einer erfindungsgemäßen, im Voranstehenden beschriebe- nen Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung. Die voranstehend beschriebenen bevor- zugten Ausführungsformen für die Stabilisatorzusammensetzung bzw. deren Verwendung gelten uneingeschränkt auch für die hydrolysestabilisierte Zusam- mensetzung.
Die Hydrolysestabilität zeigt sich insbesondere am geringen Anstieg der Schmelze-Volumenfließrate (MVR) der hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammenset- zung, wenn diese hydrolysierenden Bedingungen ausgesetzt ist, die auf eine Verringerung des Molekulargewichts der eingesetzten Polymere und somit auf einen durch Hydrolyse hervorgerufenen Abbau hinweist. Beispielsweise zeich- net sich die hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung durch eine Schmelze-Vo- lumenfließrate (MVR), bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2012 nach einer La- gerung eines extrudierten Polymergranulates mit einem Granulatdurchmesser zwischen 1 und 3 mm (beispielsweise 2 mm) in entionisiertem Wasser übereine Dauer von 336 Stunden bei einerTemperatur von 60 °C (aliphatische Polyester)
bzw. 936 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 85 °C ((teil-)aromatische Polyes- ter), die um maximal 100 %, bevorzugt maximal 90 % erhöht ist, verglichen mit der Schmelze-Volumenfließrate (MVR) derselben Probe vor der Lagerung. Be- ziehungsweise über eine Dauer von 1344 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 85 °C ((teil-)aromatische Polyester), diese um maximal 250 %, bevorzugt maximal 200 % erhöht ist, verglichen mit der Schmelze-Volumenfließrate (MVR) dersel- ben Probe vor der Lagerung.
Weiterhin zeigt sich eine hohe Hydrolysestabilität in einer geringen Reduktion der mechanischen Eigenschaften wie z. B. Zug- und Biegefestigkeit, wenn die hyrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung hydrolysierenden Bedingungen ausge- setzt ist, die auf eine Verringerung des Molekulargewichts der eingesetzten Po- lymere und somit auf einen durch Hydrolyse hervorgerufenen Abbau hinwei- sen. Beispielsweise zeichnet sich die hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung durch eine Zugfestigkeit, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-1:2012 und einer Biegefestigkeit, bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 178:2013 nach einer Lagerung ei- nes spritzgegossenen Probekörpers gemäß DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012 in entioni- siertem Wasser über eine Dauer von 1334 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 85 °C ((teil-)aromatische Polyester), die um maximal 40 %, bevorzugt maximal 10 % reduziert ist, verglichen mit der Zug- bzw. Biegefestigkeit desselben Prüf- körpers vor der Lagerung
Zusätzlich können die Zusammensetzungen weitere Zusatzstoffe enthalten, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus primären Antioxidantien, sekundä- ren Antioxidantien, UV-Absorber, der Lichtstabilisatoren, der Metalldesaktiva- toren, der Füllstoffdesaktivatoren, der Antiozonantien, Nukleierungsmittel, An- tinukleierungsmittel, Schlagzähigkeitsverbesserer, Weichmacher, Gleitmittel, Rheologiemodifikatoren, Thixotropiemittel, Kettenverlängerer, Verarbeitungs- hilfsmittel, Entformungshilfsmittel, Flammschutzmittel, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, optische Aufheller, antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Antistatika, Slipmittel, Anti- blockmittel, Kopplungsmittel, Vernetzungsmittel, Antivernetzungsmittel, Hyd- rophilisierungsmittel, Hydrophobierungsmittel, Hydrolysestabilisatoren, Haft- vermittler, Dispergiermittel, Kompatibilisatoren, Sauerstofffänger, Säurefän- ger, Treibmittel, Abbau-Additive, Entschäumungshilfsmittel, Geruchsfänger, Markierungsmittel, Antifoggingmittel, Füllstoffe und Verstärkungsstoffe.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform enthalten die Zusammensetzungen insbeson- dere phenolische Antioxidantien, Phosphite oder Phosphonite, Füllstoffe oder Verstärkungsfasern wie z.B. Glasfasern. .
Geeignete phenolische Antioxidantien sind beispielsweise:
Alkylierte Monophenole, wie z.B. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert- Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4- n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-Dicyclopentyl-4-methyl- phenol, 2-(a-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Dioctadecyl-4-me- thylphenol, 2,4,6-Tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethyl- phenol, lineare oder verzweigte Nonylphenole, wie z.B. 2,6-Dinonyl-4-methyl- phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-me- thylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol und Mischungen hiervon;
Alkylthiomethylphenole, wie z.B. 2,4-Dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-Dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-Dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-Didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol;
Hydrochinone und alkylierte Hydrochinone, wie z.B. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-me- thyoxyphenol, 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amylhydrochinon, 2,6- Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylhydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenylstearat, Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)adipat;
Tocopherole, wie z.B. a-, ß-, y-, 5-Tocopherol und Mischungen aus diesen (Vi- tamin E);
Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether, wie z.B. 2,2'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methyl- phenol), 2,2'-Thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methyl- phenol), 4,4'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-Thiobis(3,6-di-sec- amylphenol), 4,4'-Bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfid;
Alkylidenbisphenole, wie z.B. 2,2'Methylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-Methylenbis[4-methyl-6-(α-
methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-Methylenbis(4-methyl-6-cyclhexylphenol), 2,2'- Methylenbis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylphe- nol), 2,2'-Ethylidenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethylidenbis(6-tert-butyl- 4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-Methylenbis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2' - Methylenbis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-Methylenbis(2,6-di- tert-butylphenol, 4,4'-Methylenbis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1, 1-bis(5- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butan, 2,6-Bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2- hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl- phenyl)butan, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecyl- mercaptobutan, Ethylenglycol-bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)buty- rat], Bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclo-pentadien, Bis[2-(3'- tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]tereph- thalat, 1,1-Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butan, 2,2-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propan, 2,2-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n- dodecylmercaptobutan, 1,1,5,5-Tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)- pentan;
O-, N- und S-Benzyl-Verbindungen, wie z.B. 3,5,3',5'-Tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'- dihydroxydibenzylether, Octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercapto- acetat, Tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzyl-mercaptoacetat, Tris(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amin, Bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl- benzyl)dithioterephthalat, Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfid, Iso- octyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetat;
Hydroxybenzylierte Malonate, wie z.B. Dioctadecyl-2, 2-bis(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-2- hydroxybenzyl)malonat, Dioctadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl- benzyl)malonat, Didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)malonat, Bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonat;
Aromatische Hydroxybenzylverbindungen, wie z.B. 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzol, 1,4-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzol, 2,4,6-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzyl)phenol;
Triazinverbindungen, wie z.B. 2,4-Bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd- roxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3- triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurat, 1,3,5-Tris(4- tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurat, 2,4,6-Tris(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroy- phenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydro- xybenzyl)isocyanurat;
Benzylphosphonate, wie z.B. Dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphos- phonat, Dietyhl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-
3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hyd- roxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonat, das Calciumsalz des Monoethylesters der
3.5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonsäure;
Acylaminophenole, wie z.B. 4-Hydroxylauranilid, 4-Hydroxystearanilid, Octyl-N- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamat;
Ester der ß-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octade- canol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1,2-Propandiol, Neopen- tylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythri- tol, Tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamid, 3-Thiaunde- canol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydro- xymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan;
Ester der ß-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octade- canol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1,2-Propandiol, Neopen- tylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythri- tol, Tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamid, 3-Thiaunde- canol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydro- xymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan, 3,9-Bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetrao- xaspiro[5.5]undecan;
Ester der ß-(3,5-Dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, Octanol, Octadecanol, 1,6- Hexandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythritol, Tris- (hydroxyethyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamid, 3-Thiaundecanol, 3- Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydroxymethyl- 1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan;
Ester der (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)essigsäure mit ein- oder mehrwer- tigen Alkoholen, z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, Octanol, Octadecanol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylen- glycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythritol, Tris(hydroxyethyl)iso- cyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamid, 3-Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadeca- nol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha- 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan;
Amide der ß-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure, wie z.B. N,N'- Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylendiamid, N,N'- Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylendiamid, N,N'- Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylendiamid, N,N'- Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazid, N,N'-Bis[2-(3-[3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamid (Naugard®XL-1, ver- trieben durch Uniroyal);
Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C).
Weitere bevorzugte phenolische Antioxidantien sind auf nachwachsenden Roh- stoffen basierende phenolische Antioxidantien wie z. B. α-, ß-, γ-, δ-Tocopherol und Mischungen aus diesen (Vitamin E), Tocotrienole, Tocomonoenole, Ubichi- nol, Hydroxytyrosol, Flavonoide and Flavonole wie z.B. Chrysin, Quercitin, Hes- peridin, Neohesperidin, Naringin, Morin, Kaempferol, Fisetin, Datiscetin, Lute- olin, Apigenin, Taxifolin, Isoflavone wie z.B. Genistein, Genistin, Daidzein, Daidzin, Formononetin, Anthocyane, wie z.B. Delphinidin und Malvidin, Cur- cumin, Carnosolsäure, Carnosol, Rosmarinsäure, Tannin und Resveratrol sowie Carotenoide mit alkoholischen Gruppen ,wie z.B. beta-Cryptoxanthin, Lutein, Zeaxanthin oder Astaxanthin.
Geeignete aminische Antioxidantien sind beispielsweise:
N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-ethyl-3-methyl- pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'- Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'- Bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N-lsopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylen-diamin, N-(1-Methylheptyl)-N'-
phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, 4-(p- Toluolsulfamoyl)diphenylamin, N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylen- diamin, Diphenylamin, N-Allyldiphenylamin, 4-lsopropoxydiphenylamin, N- Phenyl-1-naphthylamin, N-(4-tert-Octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamin, N-Phenyl-2- naphthylamin, octyliertes Diphenylamin, z.B. p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4-n-Butylaminophenol, 4-Butyrylaminophenol, 4-Nonanoylaminophenol, 4- Dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-Octadecanoylamino-phenol, Bis(4-methoxyphe- nyl)amin, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-phenol, 2,4'-Diami- nodiphenylmethan, 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethan, N,N,N',N'-Tetra-methyl- 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethan, 1,2-Bis[(2-methyl-phenyl)amino]ethan, 1,2- Bis(phenylamino)propan, (o-Tolyl)biguanid, Bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phe- nyl]amin, tert-octyliertes N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamin, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Butyl/tert-Octyldiphenylaminen, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten Nonyldiphenylaminen, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten Dodecyldiphenylaminen, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylier- ten Isopropyl/lsohexyl-diphenylaminen, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialky- lierten tert-Butyldiphenylaminen, 2,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothi- azin, Phenothiazin, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Butyl/tert- Octylphenothiazinen, ein Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Octylphe- nothiazinen, N-Allylphenothiazin, N,N,N',N'-Tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2- en sowie Mischungen oder Kombinationen hiervon.
Bevorzugte aminische Antioxidantien sind: N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendia- min, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phe- nylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1- methylheptyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'- Diphenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N-Isop- ropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-pheny- len-diamin, N-(1-Methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-Cyclohexyl-N'- phenyl-p-phenylendiamin
Bevorzugte Hydroxylamine bzw. N-oxide (Nitrone) sind z.B. N,N-Dialkylhydro- xylamine, N,N-Dibenzylhydroxylamin, N,N-Dilaurylhydroxylamin, N,N-Distea- rylhydroxylamin, N-Benzyl-a-phenylnitron, N-Octadecyl-a-hexadecylnitron, sowie Genox EP (Sl Group) gemäß der Formel:
Geeignete Lactone sind Benzofuranone und Indolinone wie z.B. 3-(4-(2-ace- toxyethoxy)-phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- [4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-on, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl- 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy] phenyl )benzofuran-2-on), 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4- ethoxyphenyl )benzofuran-2-on, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di- tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl )-5,7-di- tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-ben- zofuran-2-on, 3-(2,3-di- methylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, sowie Lactone, die zusätzlich Phosphitgruppen beinhalten wie z.B.
Bevorzugte Füllstoffe sind Calciumcarbonat, Silikate, Talkum, Glimmer, Kaolin, Metalloxide und Metallhydroxide, Ruß, Graphit, Holzmehl oder Fasern von Na- turprodukten wie z.B. Cellulose. Weitere geeignete Füllstoffe sind Hydrotalcite oder Zeolithe oder Schichtsilikate wie z.B. Montmorillonit, Bentonit, Beidelit, Mica, Hectorit, Saponit, Vermiculit, Ledikit, Magadit, lllit, Kaolinit, Wollastonit, Attapulgit. Weitere geeignete organische Füllstoffe sind beispielsweise Rosin, Stärke, Chitin oder Chitosan.
Geeignete sekundäre Antioxidantien sind insbesondere Phosphite oder Phos- phonite wie z.B.
Triphenylphosphit, Diphenylalkylphosphite, Phenyldialkylphosphite, Tri(nonyl- phenyl)phosphit, Trilaurylphosphite, Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearylpenta- erythritoldiphosphit, Tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphit, Diisodecylpenta- erythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-me- thylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Diisodecyloxypentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4,6- tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Tristearylsorbitoltriphosphit, Tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylendiphosphonit, 6-lsooctyloxy-
2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, Bis(2,4-di- tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methylphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphe- nyl)ethylphosphit, 6-Fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-
1.3.2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2'2"-Nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3",5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl- 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphit], 2-Ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'- biphenyl-2,2'-diyl))phosphit, 5-Butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-
1.3.2-dioxaphosphiran.
Ein bevorzugtes Phosphonit ist:
Geeignete sekundäre Antioxidantien sind weiterhin Organo-Schwefelverbin- dungen wie z.B. Sulfide und Disulfide z.B. Distearylthiodipropionat, Dilau- rylthiodipropionat, Ditridecyldithiopropionat, Ditetradecylthiodipropionat, 3- (dodecylthio)-, 1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(dodecylthio)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-pro- pandiyl]propansäureester. Bevorzugt sind die folgenden Strukturen:
Geeignete Säurefänger („Antiacids") sind Salze von ein, zwei, drei oder vierwer- tigen Metallen, vorzugsweise Alkali-, Erdalkalimetalle, Aluminium oder Zink, insbesondere gebildet mit Fettsäuren, wie z.B. Calciumstearat, Magnesiumste- arat, Zinkstearat, Aluminiumstearat, Calciumlaurat, Calciumbehenat, Calcium- lactat, Calciumstearoyl-2-lactat. Weitere Klassen geeigneter Säurefänger sind Hydrotalcite, insbesondere synthetische Hydrotalcite auf Aluminium-, Magne- sium- und Zinkbasis, Hydrocalumite, Zeolithe, Erdalkalioxide, insbesondere Cal- ciumoxid und Magnesiumoxid sowie Zinkoxid, Erdalkalicarbonate, insbeson- dere Calciumcarbonat, Magnesiumcarbonat und Dolomit, und Hydroxide, ins- besondere Brucit (Magnesiumhydroxid),
Geeignete Costabilisatoren sind weiterhin Polyole insbesondere Alditole oder Cyclitole. Polyole sind z.B. Pentaerythrit, Dipentaerythrit, Tripentaerythrit, kurzkettige Polyetherpolyole oder Polyesterpolyole, sowie hyperverzweigte Polymere/Oligomere oder Dendrimere mit Alkoholgruppen z.B.
Vorzugsweise wird das mindestens eine Alditol ausgewählt aus der Gruppe be- stehend ausThreit, Erythrit, Galactit, Mannit, Ribit, Sorbit, Xylit, Arabit, Isomalt, Lactit, Maltit, Altritol, Iditol, Maltotritol und hydrierte Oligo- und Polysaccha- ride mit Polyol-Endgruppen und Mischungen hiervon. Besonders bevorzugt ist das mindestens eine bevorzugte Alditol ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Erythrit, Mannit, Isomalt, Maltit und Mischungen hiervon. Beispiele für weitere geeignete Zuckeralkohole sind Heptitole und Octitole: meso-glycero-allo-Heptitol, D-glycero-D-altro-Heptitol, D-glycero-D-manno- Heptitol, meso-glycero-gulo-Heptitol, D-glycero-D-galacto-Heptitol (Perseitol), D-glycero-D-gluco-Heptitol, L-glycero-D-gluco Heptitol, D-erythro-L-galacto- Octitol, D-threo-L-galacto-Octitol.
Insbesondere kann das mindestens eine Cyclitol ausgewählt sein aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Inositol (myo, scyllo-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, muco-, neo-, allo-, epi- und cis-lnosit), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxycyclohexan, 1, 2,3,4, 5-pentahyd- roxycyclohexan, Quercitol, Viscumitol, Bornesitol, Conduritol, Ononitol, Pinitol,
Pinpollitol, Quebrachitol, Ciceritol, Chinasäure, Shikimisäure und Valienol, be- vorzugt ist dabei myo-lnosit (myo-lnositol).
Lichtstabilisatoren sind beispielsweise Verbindungen auf der Basis von 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazolen, 2-Hydroxybenzophenonen, Estern von Benzoesäuren, Acrylaten, Oxamiden und 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-Triazi- nen.
Geeignete 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole sind beispielsweise 2-(2'-Hyd- roxy-5'methylphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)- benzotriazol, 2-(5'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydro- xyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-5- chlorobenzotriazol, 2-(3'-sec-Butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-phenyl)benzotria- zol, 2-(2'-Hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-amyl-2'-hyd- roxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphe- nyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phe- nyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonyl- ethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'- (2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'- hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbony-lethyl)phenyl)-benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'- hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)-phenyl)-benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'- [2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-Dode- cyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2- isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)-phenyl-benzotriazol, 2,2'-Methylenbis[4-(1,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; das Produkt der Umesterung von 2-[3'-tert-Butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-ben- zotriazol mit Polyethylenglycol 300; [R— CH2CH2— COO— CH2CH2+2, wobei R = 3'-tert-Butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-Hydroxy-3'- (a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-benzotriazol, 2-[2'- hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotri- azol.
Geeignete 2-Hydroxybenzophenone sind beispielsweise 4-Hydroxy-, 4-Me- thoxy-, 4-Octyloxy-, 4-Decyloxy- 4-Dodecyloxy, 4-Benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-Trihydroxy- und 2'-Hydroxy-4,4'-dimethyoxy-Derivate der 2-Hydroxybenzophenone.
Geeignete Acrylate sind beispielsweise Ethyl-a-cyano-ß,ß-diphenylacrylat, lsooctyl-a-cyano-ß,ß-diphenylacrylat, Methyl-a-carbomethoxycinnamat, Me- thyl-a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-methoxycinnamat, Butyl-a-cyano-ß-methyl-p-me- thoxycinnamat, Methyl-a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamat und N-(ß-carbo- methoxy-ß-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindolin.
Geeignete Ester von Benzoesäuren sind beispielsweise 4-tert-Butylphenylsa- licylat, Phenylsalicylat, Octylphenylsalicylat, Dibenzoylresorcinol, Bis(4-tert- butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, Benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Hexadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoat, Octa- decyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, 2-Methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl-
3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoat.
Geeignete Oxamide sind beispielsweise 4,4'-Dioctyloxyoxanilid, 2,2'-diethoxy- oxanilid, 2,2'-Dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilid, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert- butoxanilid, 2-Ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilid, N,N'-Bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxa- mid, 2-Ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilid und seine Mischungen mit 2-Ethoxy- 2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilid, Mischungen von o- und p-Methoxy-disubstitu- ierten Oxaniliden und Mischungen von o- und p-Ethoxy-disubstituierten Oxani- liden.
Geeignete 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-Triazine sind beispielsweise 2,4,6-Tris(2- hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6- bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-di- methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-di- methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methyl- phenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl- phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl- phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)-phenyl]-
4.6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypro- pyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[4-(Dodecyloxy/Tridecy- loxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5- triazin, 2-[2-Hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4- dimethylphenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl- 1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-
Tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-Hyd- roxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-{2-Hydroxy-4-[3-(2- ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl- 1,3,5-triazin.
Geeignete Metalldeaktivatoren sind beispielsweise N,N'-Diphenyloxamid, N- Salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazin, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)hydrazin, N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl-propionyl)hydrazin, 3-Salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazol, Bis(benzyliden)oxalyldihydrazid, Oxanilid, Isophthaloyldihydrazid, Sebacoylbis- phenylhydrazid, N,N'-Diacetyladipoyldihydrazid, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)oxylyldi- hydrazid, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyldihydrazid.
Geeignete niedermolekulare gehinderte Amine sind beispielsweise
1,1-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinat, Bis(1, 2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl- 4-piperidyl)sebazat, Bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebazat, Bis(1, 2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-butyl-3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzylmalonat, das Kondensationsprodukt aus 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidin und Succinsäure, lineare oder zyklische Kon- densationsprodukte von N,N'-Bis(2 ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl )hexame- thylendiamin und 4-tert-Octylamino-2,6-di-chloro-1,3,5-triazin, Tris(2, 2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetat, Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-pipe- ridyl)-1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylat, 1,1'-(1,2-Ethandiyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetrame- thylpiperazinon), 4-Benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin oder 4-Stearyloxy-
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin.
Umfasst in den oben angegebenen Strukturen sind dabei jeweils auch die ste- risch gehinderten N-H, N-alkyl wie N-methyl oder N-octyl, die N-alkoxy-Deri- vate wie N-methoxy oder N-octyloxy, die Cycloalkylderivate wie N-cyclohexy- loxy und die N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) Analoga.
Bei den zuvor genannten Verbindungen bedeutet n jeweils 3 bis 100. Ein weiterer geeigneter Lichtstabilisator ist Hostanox NOW (Hersteller: Clari- ant SE) mit der folgenden allgemeinen Struktur:
wobei R -O-C(O)-C15H31 oder -O-C(O)-C17H 35 bedeutet.
Umfasst in den oben angegebenen Strukturen sind dabei jeweils auch die ste- risch gehinderten N-H, N-alkyl wie N-methyl oder N-octyl, die N -alkoxy- Deri- vate wie N-methoxy oder N-octyloxy, die Cycloalkylderivate wie N-cyclohexy- loxy und die N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) Analoga.
Geeignete Dispergiermittel sind beispielsweise:
Polyacrylate, z.B. Copolymere mit langkettigen Seitengruppen, Polyacrylat- Blockcopolymere, Alkylamide: z.B. N,N'-1,2-Ethandiylbisoctadecanamid Sorbi- tanester, z.B. Monostearylsorbitanester, Titanate und Zirconate, reaktive Co- polymere mit funktionellen Gruppen z.B. Polypropylen-co-Acrylsäure, Polypro- pylen-co-Maleinsäureanhydrid, Polyethylen-co-Glycidylmethacrylat, Polysty- rol-alt-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Polysiloxane: z.B. Dimethylsilandiol-Ethylenoxid Copolymer, Polyphenylsiloxan Copolymer, Amphiphile Copolymere: z.B. Poly- ethylen-block-Polyethylenoxid, Dendrimere, z.B. hydroxylgruppenhaltige Den- drimere.
Geeignete Antinukleierungsmittel sind Azinfarbstoffe wie z.B. Nigrosin.
Geeignete Flammschutzmittel sind insbesondere a) Anorganische Flammschutzmittel wie z.B. AI(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, AIO(OH), MgCO3, Schichtsilikate wie z.B. Montmorillonit oder Sepiolit, nicht oder organisch modifiziert, Doppelsalze, wie z.B. Mg-Al-Silikate, POSS-(Po- lyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) Verbindungen, Huntit, Hydromagne- sit oder Halloysit sowie Sb2O3, Sb2O5, MoO3, Zinkstannat, Zinkhydroxyst- annat, b) Stickstoffhaltige Flammschutzmittel wie z.B. Melamin, Melem, Melam, Melon, Melaminderivate, Melaminkondensationsprodukte oder Mela- minsalze, Benzoguanamin, Polyisocyanurate, Allantoin, Phosphacene, insbesondere Melamincyanurat, Melaminphosphat, Dimelaminphos- phat, Melaminpyrophosphat, Melaminpolyphosphat, Melamin-Metall- Phosphate wie z.B. Melaminaluminiumphosphat, Melaminzinkphosphat, Melaminmagnesiumphosphat, sowie die entsprechenden Pyrophosphate und Polyphosphate, Poly-[2,4-(piperazin-1,4-yl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5- triazin], Ammonium-polyphosphat, Melaminborat, Melaminhydrobro- mid, c) Radikalbildner, wie z.B. Alkoxyamine, Hydroxylaminester, Azoverbindun- gen, Sulfenamide, Sulfenimide, Dicumyl oder Polycumyl, Hydroxyimide und deren Derivate wie z.B. Hydroxyimidester oder Hydroxyimidether
d) Phosphorhaltige Flammschutzmitteln wie z.B. roter Phosphor, Phosphate wie z.B. Resorcindiphosphat, Bisphenol-A-diphosphat und ihre Oligo- mere, Triphenylphosphat, Ethylendiamindiphosphat, Phosphinate wie z.B. Salze der hypophosphorigen Säure und Ihrer Derivate wie Alkylphos- phinatsalzen z.B. Diethylphosphinataluminium oder Diethylphosphinat- Zink oder Aluminiumphosphinat, Aluminiumphosphit, Aluminiumphos- phonat, Phosphonatester, oligomere und polymere Derivate der Methan- phosphonsäure, 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorylphenanthren-10-oxid (DOPO) und deren substituierte Verbindungen, e) Halogenhaltige Flammschutzmittel auf Chlor- und Brombasis wie z.B. po- lybrominierte Diphenyloxide, wie z.B. Decabromdiphenyloxid, Tris(3- bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl-phosphat, Tris(tribromneopen- tyl)phosphat, Tetrabromphthalsäure, 1,2-Bis(tribromphenoxy)ethan, He- xabromcyclododecan, bromiertes Diphenylethan, Tris-(2,3-dibrompro- pyl)isocyanurat, Ethylen-bis(tetrabromophthalimid), Tetrabromo-bi- sphenol A, bromiertes Polystyrol, bromiertes Polybutadien bzw, Polysty- rol-bromiertes Polybutadien-Copolymere, bromierter Polyphenylenther, bromiertes Epoxidharz, Polypentabrombenzylacrylat, ggf. in Kombination mit Sb2O3 und/oder Sb2O5, f) Borate wie z.B. Zinkborat oder Calciumborat, ggf. auf Trägermaterial wie z.B. Silica g) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen wie z.B. elementarer Schwefel, Disulfide und Polysulfide, Thiuramsulfid, Dithiocarbamate, Mercaptobenzthiazol und Sulfenamide, h) Antidrip-Mitteln wie z.B. Polytetrafluorethylen, i) Siliciumhaltige Verbindungen wie z.B. Polyphenylsiloxane, j) Kohlenstoffmodifikationen wie z.B. Carbon-Nanoröhren (CNT), Blähgra- phit oder Graphen k) sowie Kombinationen oder Mischungen hieraus.
Geeignete Weichmacher sind beispielsweise Phthalsäureester, Adipinsäurees- ter, Ester der Zitronensäure, Ester der 1,2-Cyclohexandicarbonsäure, Trimel- lithsäureester, Isosorbidester, Phosphatester, Epoxide wie z.B. epoxidiertes So- jabohnenöl oder aliphatische Polyester.
Geeignete Gleitmittel und Verarbeitungshilfsmittel sind beispielsweise Po- lyethylenwachse, Polypropylenwachse, Salze von Fettsäuren wie z.B. Calci- umstearat, Zinkstearat oder Salze von Montanwachsen, Amidwachse wie z.B. Erucasäureamid oder Ölsäureamide, Fluorpolymere, Silikone oder Neoalkoxy- titanate- und Zirkonate.
Geeignete Pigmente können anorganischer oder organischer Natur sein. Anor- ganische Pigmente sind beispielsweise Titandioxid, Zinkoxid, Zinksulfid, Eisen- oxid, Ultramarin, Ruß, organische Pigmente sind beispielsweise Anthrachinone, Anthanthrone, Benzimidazolone, Chinacridone, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Dio- xazine, Indanthrone, Isoindolinone, Azo-Verbindungen, Perylene, Phthalocya- nine oder Pyranthrone. Weitere geeignete Pigmente sind Effektpigmente auf Metallbasis oder Perlglanzpigmente auf Metalloxid-Basis.
Geeignete Optische Aufheller sind beispielsweise Bisbenzoxazole, Phenylcuma- rine oder Bis(styryl)biphenyle und insbesondere optische Aufheller der For- meln:
Geeignete Füllstoffdeaktivatoren sind beispielsweise Polysiloxane, Polyacrylate insbesondere Blockcopolymere wie Polymethacrylsäure-polyalkylenoxid oder
Polyglycidyl(meth)acrylate und deren Copolymere z.B. mit Styrol sowie Epoxide z.B. der folgenden Strukturen:
Geeignete Antistatika sind beispielsweise ethoxylierte Alkylamine, Fettsäurees- ter, Alkylsulfonate und Polymere wie z.B. Polyetheramide.
Geeignete Antiozonantien sind die oben genannten Amine wie z.B. N,N'-Di- isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis- (1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-lsopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p- phenylen-diamin, N-(1-Methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-Cyclo- hexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin.
Geeignete Nukleierungsmittel sind Talkum, Alkali oder Erdalkalisalze von mono- und polyfunktionellen Carbonsäuren wie z. B. Benzoesäure, Bern- steinsäure, Adipinsäure, z.B. Natriumbenzoat, Zinkglycerolat, Alumi- niumhydroxy-bis(4-tert-butyl)benzoat, 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl- phenyl)phosphat, sowie Trisamide und Diamide wie z.B. Trimesinsäuretricyclo- hexylamid, Trimesinsäuretri(4-methylcyclohexylamid), Trimesinsäure tri(tert.butylamid), N,N',N"-1,3,5-Benzoltriyltris(2,2-dimethyl-propanamid) oder 2,6-Naphthalindicarbosäuredicyclohexylamid.
Geeignete Additive zum Molekulargewichtsaufbau von Polykondensationspo- lymeren (Kettenverlängerer) sind Diepoxide, Bis-Oxazoline, Bis-Oxazolone, Bis- Oxazine, Diisocyanate, Dianhydride, Bis-Acyllactame, Bis-Maleimide, Dicya- nate, Carbodiimide. Weitere geeignete Kettenverlängerer sind polymere Ver-
bindungen wie z.B. Polystyrol-Polyacrylat-Polyglycidyl(meth)acrylat-Copoly- mere, Polystyrol-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere und Polyethylen-Malein- säureanhydrid-Copolymere.
Geeignete Additive zur Erhöhung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit sind beispiels- weise die erwähnten Antistatika, Ruß und Kohlenstoffverbindungen wie Koh- lenstoff-Nanoröhrchen und Graphen, Metallpulver wie z.B. Kupferpulver und leitfähige Polymere wie bspw. Polypyrrole, Polyaniline und Polythiophene. Ge- eignete Additive zur Erhöhung der thermischen Leitfähigkeit sind beispiels- weise Aluminumnitride und Bornitride.
Geeignete Infrarot-aktive Additive sind beispielsweise Aluminumsilikate, Hyd- rotalcite oder Farbstoffe wie Phthalocyanine oder Anthrachinone.
Geeignete Entformungshilfsmittel sind beispielsweise Silikone, Seifen und Wachse wie z.B. Montanwachse.
Die Einarbeitung der oben beschriebenen Additivzusammensetzung und ggf. der zusätzlichen Additive in den Kunststoff erfolgt durch übliche Verarbeitungs- methoden, wobei das Polymere aufgeschmolzen und mit der erfindungsgemä- ßen Additivzusammensetzung und den ggf. weiteren Zusätzen gemischt wird, vorzugsweise durch Mischer, Kneter oder Extruder. Als Verarbeitungsmaschi- nen bevorzugt sind Extruder wie z.B. Einschneckenextruder, Zweischnecken- extruder, Planetwalzenextruder, Ringextruder, Co-Kneter, die vorzugsweise mit einer Vakuumentgasung ausgestattet sind. Die Verarbeitung kann dabei un- ter Luft oder ggf. unter Inertgasbedingungen erfolgen.
Weiterhin können die erfindungsgemäßen Additivzusammensetzungen in Form von sogenannten Masterbatchen oder Konzentraten, die beispielsweise 10-90 % der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen in einem Polymeren enthal- ten, hergestellt und eingebracht werden.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Formteil bzw. einen Form- körper, der aus einer hydrolysestabilisierten Zusammensetzung gemäß der vor- liegenden Erfindung herstellbar ist. Insbesondere ist das Formteil bzw. der
Formkörper ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Folien, Filmen, Schäu- men, Fasern, Kabeln und Rohren, Profilen, Hohlkörpern, Bändchen, Membra- nen, wie z.B. Geomembranen, oder Klebstoffen, die über Extrusion, Spritzguss, Blasformen, Kalandrieren, Pressverfahren, Spinnprozesse, Rotomoulding her- gestellt werden z.B. für die Elektro- und Elektronikindustrie, Bauindustrie, Transportindustrie (Auto, Flugzeug, Schiff, Bahn), für medizinische Anwendun- gen, für Haushalts- und Elektrogeräte, Fahrzeugteile, Konsumartikel, Verpa- ckungen, Möbel, Textilien.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert, ohne dass die Beispiele beschränkend für den Gegenstand der vorlie- genden Erfindung zu verstehen sind.
Ausführungsbeispiele:
Zur Prüfung der Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisatoren-Zusammenset- zung wurde ein Polylactid (PLA) (Luminy L130, Lieferant: Total Corbion) zusam- men mit den in der Tabelle 1 angegebenen Zusätzen bei 200 °C max. in einem Doppelschnecken-Extruder (Process 11, Hersteller ThermoScientific) bei einem Durchsatz von 800 g/h compoundiert. Polymer und Additive wurden vor der Verarbeitung im Vakuumtrockner über Nacht getrocknet. Nach der Compoun- dierung wurden die Compounds bei 60 °C im Wärmeschrank für 14 Tage (336 Stunden) in entionisiertem Wasser gealtert. Nach der Alterung wurden die Pro- ben über Nacht getrocknet und der MVR bestimmt (190 °C / 2,16 kg).
Zur Prüfung der Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisatoren-Zusammenset- zung wurde ein Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) (Pocan B1204, Lieferant: Lanxess AG) zusammen mit den in der Tabelle 1 angegebenen Zusätzen bei 250 °C max. in einem Doppelschnecken-Extruder (Process 11, Hersteller ThermoScientific) bei einem Durchsatz von 800 g/h compoundiert. Polymer und Additive wurden vor der Verarbeitung im Vakuumtrockner über Nacht getrocknet. Nach der Compoundierung wurden die Compounds bei 85 °C im Wärmeschrank für 39 Tage (936 Stunden) in entionisiertem Wasser gealtert. Nach der Alterung wur- den die Proben über Nacht getrocknet und der MVR bestimmt (250 °C / 2,16 kg).
Weiterhin wurde die Stabilisierungswirkung mit einem weiteren Polybutylen- terephthalat Grade (PBT) (Arnite T06 200/D, Lieferant: DSM) zusammen mit den in der Tabelle 1 angegebenen Zusätzen bei 250 °C max. in einem Doppel- schnecken-Extruder (Leistritz MIC 27, Hersteller Leistritz) bei einem Durchsatz von 6 kg/h compoundiert. Anschließend erfolgte ein Spritzguss zu Zugprüfkör- pern (nach DIN EN 527-2 Typ 1A) auf einer Spritzgussmaschine (Arburg Allroun- der 320 C, Hersteller Arburg) bei max 250 °C. Polymer, Additive sowie Com- pounds wurden vor der Verarbeitung im Trockenlufttrockner für mind. 6 Stun- den getrocknet. Nach der Compoundierung wurden die Compounds und Prüf- körper bei 85 °C im Wärmeschrank für 56 Tage (1344 Stunden) in entionisier- tem Wasser gealtert. Nach der Alterung wurden die Proben über Nacht ge- trocknet und der MVR (250 °C / 2,16 kg) sowie Zug- und Biegefestigkeit be- stimmt).
Die erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele zeigen gegenüber den Vergleichsbeispielen eine weitaus höhere Hydrolysestabilität, die durch eine geringere Zunahme des MVR-Wertes und einer geringeren Reduktion der Zug- und Biegefestigkeit nach
Wasserlagerung belegt wird. Der MVR ist ein Maß für die Fließfähigkeit der Schmelze und damit auch für das Molekulargewicht des Polymers. Je niedriger das Molekulargewicht, desto höher der MVR und damit auch der erfolgte Ab- bau des Polymeren durch Hydrolyse. Je geringer die MVR-Zunahme desto hö- her ist die Hydrolysestabilität. Zug- und Biegefestigkeiten sind ein Maß für die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Compounds und indirekt auch für das Mole- kulargewicht des Polymers. Je niedrieger das Molekulargewicht, desto niedri- ger sind Zug- und Biegefestigkeit und desto höher der Abbau des Polymeren durch Hydrolyse. Je geringer die Reduktion der Zug- und Biegefestigkeik desto höher ist die Hydrolysestabilität. Die erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationen zei- gen damit eine ausgezeichnete Hydrolysestabilität.
Claims
1. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung, bestehend aus mindestens einem Aziridin und mindestens einem Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink oder Mischungen mehrerer der zu- vor genannten Verbindungen, wobei bei den genannten Oxiden, Carbonaten und Hydroxiden Hydro- talcite, Zeolithe und Dawsonite ausgeschlossen sind.
2. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass das mindestens eine Aziridin ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus monofunktionellen, difunktionellen, trifunktionellen, tetrafunktionellen und/oder multifunktionellen Aziridinen mit bei- spielsweise den folgenden Strukturen:
A) monofunktionellen Aziridinen
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-octadecyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-phenyl-; l-Aziridincarboxamid, N-cyclohexyl-; l-Aziridincarboxamid, N-l-naphthalenyl-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N-decyl-;
N-Benzyloxycarbonylaziridine;
(4-Methoxyphenyl)(2-methyl-l-aziridinyl)methanon
N-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-l-aziridincarboxamid;
2-[2-(l-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-4-pyridincarboxylsäure;
6-[2-(l-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-3-pyridinmethanamin;
6-[2-(l-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-2-pyridincarboxylsäure;
2-[2-(l-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]pyridin;
2-Methyl-aziridin;
2-[l-(l-Aziridinylmethyl)propoxy]-pyridin;
2-[2-(l-Aziridinyl)ethoxy]-4-Pyridinemethanamine;
B) difunktionellen Aziridinen
N,N'-Hexamethylen-1,6-bis(1-aziridincarboxamid);
N,N'-(Methylendi-p-phenylen)bis(aziridin-1-carboxamid);
N,N'-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis[2-methyl-1-aziridincarboxamid];
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(1,4-phenylenedi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-1,4-phenylenebis-;
N,N'-(Hexan-1,6-diyl)bis(2-methylaziridin-1-carboxamid);
N,N'-1,2-Ethandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,3-Propandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,4-Butandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,5-Pentandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,6-Hexandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,7-Heptandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,8-Octandiylbis[1-ziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,9-Nonandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
N,N'-1,10-Decandiylbis[1-aziridincarboxamid];
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3-hydroxy-1,5-pentanediyl)bis-
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-1,5-naphthalenediylbis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis-
;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-(methyl-1,3-phenylen)bis-;
1-Aziridincarboxamid, N,N'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis-;
Poly(oxy-1,4-butanediyl), α-[[[3-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4- methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]-(ω -[[[[3-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4- methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]-;
N,N"-(Methylendi-4,1-phenylen)bis[N'-1-aziridinyl-harnstoff;
C) Trifunktionellen Aziridinen
Pentaerythritol-tris[3-(1-aziridinyl)propionat];
Trimethylolpropan-tris[3-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)propionat];
Trimethylolpropan-tris[3-(aziridin-1-yl)propionat];
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3- propandiylester;
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-a-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-2-methyl- 1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-[[(1-aziridinylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,3- propandiylester; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-methyl-1,1',1"-(2-ethyl-1,2,3-propantriyl)es- ter; 1-Aziridincarboxamid-N,N',N"-(methylidyntri-4,1-phenylen)tris; 1-Aziridincarboxamid,N,N'-[[[6-[(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]hexyl]- imino]bis(carbonylimino-6,1-hexanediyl)]bis-; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-methyl-, 1,1'-[2-ethyl-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1- aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-1,1'-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]me- thyl]-2-ethyl-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-1,1'-[2-[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]me- thyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)-a,a',a"-1,2,3-propantriyltris[(jj-[[[[3-[(1- aziridinylcarbonyl)amino]-4-methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]-;
Aziri-din-1,1',1"-(S-phenenyltricarbonyl)tris[2-methyl-];
D) Tetrafunktionellen Aziridinen
Pentaerythritoltetrakis(ß-aziridino)propionat; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-1,1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]- methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-methyl-, 1, 1'-[2,2-bis[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridi- nyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester; 1-Aziridinethanol-a,a'-[[2,2-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)- propoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]bis(oxymethylene)]bis[2-methyl-;
Ethanon-2,2',2",2"'-[[2,2'-bipyridine]-6,6'-diylbis(methyleneni- trilo)]tetrakis[1-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-; 1,5-Pentandion-2-[bis[2-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5- bis(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-;
Ethanon-2,2',2",2"'-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis[1-(2-methyl-1- aziridinyl)-;
Methanon-1,1',1",1"'-(1,4,5,8-naphthalintetrayl)tetrakis[1-(2-methyl- 1-aziridinyl)-;
1-Aziridinethanol-α,α'-[[2,2-bis[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-aziridi- nyl)propoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]bis(oxymethylen)]bis[2-methyl-;
E) Multifunktionellen Aziridinen
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-1,1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]-2,2- bis[[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]propoxy]methyl]-2-[[3-(1- aziridinyl)-1-oxopropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-methyl-, 1,1'-[2-[[3-[3-(1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]methyl]propoxy]methyl]-2-[[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl)-1-ox- opropoxy]methyl]-1,3-propandiyl]ester;
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-ß,2-dimethyl-, benzylhexaylhexamethyl- enester;
1-Aziridinproprionsäure-2-ethyl-ß-methyl-, benzylhexaylhexakis(meth- ylen)ester; sowie Mischungen und Kombinationen aus den zuvor genannten Aziri- dinen.
3. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden An- sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Aziridin ausge- wählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus den nachfolgenden Verbin- dungen
4. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden An- sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink einen pKs- Wert von mindestens 10 aufweist.
5. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden An- sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid, Carbonat und/oder Hydroxid von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, MgO, MgCO3, Mg(OH)2, CaMg(CO3)2, AI2O3, AI2(CO3)3, AI(OH)3, ZnO, ZnCO3, und Zn(OH)2 sowie Mischungen und Kombinationen hiervon.
6. Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden An- sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis der Ge- samtheit der Aziridine zur Gesamtheit des mindestens einen Oxids, Car- bonats oder Hydroxids von Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zink 20:1 bis 1:20, bevorzugt von 10:1 bis 1:10, besonders bevorzugt von 5:1 bis 1:5, insbesondere 1:1 bis 1:4 beträgt.
7. Verwendung einer Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der An- sprüche 1 bis 6 zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hydrolytischen Abbau.
8. Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Kondensationspolymeren gegen hyd- rolytischen Abbau, bei dem dem Kondensationspolymer eine Stabilisa- tor-Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zugemischt oder mit dieser geblendet wird.
9. Verwendung oder Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung in ei- nem Gewichtsverhältnis von 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,1 bis 3 % Gew.-% bezogen auf das Polykondensationspolymere verwendet bzw. zugemischt wird.
10. Verwendung oder Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polykondensationspolymere ausge- wählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus a) Polyamiden, wie z.B. Polyamid-6, 6.6, 6.9, 6.10, 4.6, 4.10, 6.12,
10.10, 10.12, 12.12, Polyamid 4, Polyamid, 7, Polyamid 8, Poly- amid 9, Polyamid 11, Polyamid 12 sowie (teil-)aromatische Poly-
amide wie z.B. Polyphthalamide, z.B. hergestellt aus Terephthal- säure und/oder Isophthalsäure und aliphatischen Diaminen wie z.B. Hexamethylendiamin oder m-Xylylendiamin oder aus aliphati- schen Dicarbonsäuren wie z.B. Adipinsäure oder Sebazin-säure und aromatischen Diaminen wie z.B. 1,4- oder 1,3- Diaminobenzol, bezeichnet z.B. als Polyamid 6T, Polyamid 9T, Polyamid 61, Poly- amid-6-3-T, Blends von unterschiedlichen Polyamiden wie z.B. PA- 6 und PA 6.6, PA6T und PA6I, PA-6.6 und PA6T bzw. Blends von Polyamiden und Polyolefinen wie z.B. PA/PP oder PA/PE, b) Polyestern aus aliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und Diolen oder aus Hydroxy-Carbonsäuren, insbesondere alipha- tischen Polyestern, wie z.B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Poly- butylenterephthalat (PBT), Polytrimethylenterephthalat (PTT), Po- lyethylennaphthalat (PEN), Poly-l,4-dimethylohcyclo--hexan- terephthalat, Polyhydroxybenzoat, Polyhydroxynaphthalat, Poly- milchsäure (PLA), Polyhydroxybutyrat (PHB), Polyhydroxyvalerat (PHV), Polybutylensuccinat (PBS), Poly-butylensuccinat-adipat (PBSA), Polyethylensuccinat, Polycaprolacton, Polyethylenfuranoat (PEF), c) Polycarbonaten, Polyestercarbonaten, sowie Blends wie z.B.
PC/ABS, PC/PBT, PC/PET/PBT, PC/PA, d) sowie Mischungen, Kombinationen oder Blends aus zwei oder mehr der zuvor genannten Polymeren.
11. Hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung, enthaltend oder bestehend aus mindestens einem Kondensationspolymer sowie einer Stabilisator-Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.
12. Hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung nach vorhergehendem An- spruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stabilisator-Zusammenset- zung in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,1 bis 3 % Gew.-% bezogen auf das Polykondensationspolymere enthalten ist.
13. Hydrolysestabilisierte Zusammensetzung nach einem der beiden vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Zusatzstoff, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus primären oder sekundären Antioxidantien, UV-Absorber, der Lichtstabilisatoren, der Metalldesaktivatoren, der Füllstoffdesaktivatoren, der Antiozonan- tien, Nukleierungsmittel, Antinukleierungsmittel, Schlagzähigkeitsverbesserer, Weichmacher, Gleitmittel, Rheologiemodifikatoren, Thixotropiemittel, Kettenverlängerer, Verarbeitungshilfsmittel, Entformungshilfsmittel, Flammschutzmittel, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, optische Aufheller, antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Antistatika, Slipmittel, Antiblockmittel, Kopplungsmittel, Vernetzungsmittel, Antivernetzungsmittel, Hydrophilisierungsmittel, Hydrophobierungsmittel, Hydrolysestabilisatoren, Haftvermittler, Dispergiermittel, Kompatibilisatoren, Sauerstofffänger, Säurefänger, Treibmittel, Abbau-Additive, Entschäumungshilfsmittel, Geruchsfänger, Markierungsmittel, Antifoggingmittel, Füllstoffe und Verstärkungsstoffe enthalten ist.
14. Hydolysestabiliserte Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Kondensati- onspolymer ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus aliphatischen Polyestern, insbesondere Polymilchsäure (PLA), Polybutylensuc- cinat (PBS), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Poly-butylenterephthalat (PBT), Polyethylenfuranoat (PEF), Polyamid-6 oder Polyamid-6.6.
15. Hydolysestabiliserte Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, gekennzeichnet durch eine Schmelze-Volumenfließrate (MVR), bestimmt gemäß DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2012 nach einer Lagerung eines extrudierten Polymergranulates mit einem Granulatdurchmesser zwischen 1 und 3 mm in entionisiertem Wasser über eine Dauer von 336 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 60 °C (aliphatische Polyester) bzw. 936 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 85 °C ((teil-)aromatische Polyester), die um maximal 100 %, bevorzugt maximal 90 % erhöht ist, verglichen mit der Schmelze-Volumenfließrate (MVR) derselben Probe vor der Lagerung.
16. Formteil oder Formkörper, herstellbar aus einer hydrolysestabilisierten Zusammensetzungen nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, insbesondere Folien oder Filme, Schäume, Fasern, Kabel und Rohre, Profile, Hohlkörper, Bändchen, Membranen, wie z.B. Geomembranen, oder Klebstoffe, die über Extrusion, Spritzguss, Blasformen, Kalandrieren, Pressverfahren, Spinnprozesse, Rotomoulding hergestellt werden z.B. für die Elektro- und Elektronikindustrie, Bauindustrie, Transportindustrie (Auto, Flugzeug, Schiff, Bahn), für medizinische Anwendungen, für Haushalts- und Elektrogeräte, Fahrzeugteile, Konsumartikel, Verpackungen, Möbel, Textilien.
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