EP4119483A1 - Hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes and crane with such a hoist - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hoist and a crane with such a hoist. The hoist includes a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible hoist line, which is designed in particular as a belt, a hoist motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary motion of the hoist motor to the drum. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the drum is arranged between the hoist motor and the reduction gear. Another aspect of the invention relates to the sling being strong enough to lift large loads while still meeting clean room requirements.

Description

The invention relates to a hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes and a crane with a horizontal bridge rail, along which a hoist is arranged to be movable.

A gantry crane spans a work area. It usually runs on two parallel rails, on which it is supported with supports. A bridge crane is designed similar to a gantry crane and differs only in that it has no supports, but runs on elevated rails. There are also bridge cranes in which the bridge rail is stationary.

Portal cranes and bridge cranes have a bridge rail that extends between the supports or the rails and on which a hoist is movably mounted. The hoist is also referred to as a trolley. The hoist comprises, on the one hand, a drive unit for driving running wheels in order to move the hoist along the bridge rail and, on the other hand, a hoist in order to lift objects by means of a block and tackle.

Such cranes are available for a wide variety of applications. Gantry cranes are often used in port facilities to handle containers. Overhead cranes are mostly provided in storage and assembly halls. The hall volume is valuable, which is why such a bridge crane should be arranged as close as possible to the ceiling of the hall and require as little space as possible.

Furthermore, such cranes can be provided in clean room halls. Such cranes should not contaminate the air in the clean room if possible. Therefore abrasion or other contamination by the cranes is to be avoided.

the DE 88 12 534 U1 relates to an overload-protected electric rope hoist with a drive unit having a hoist motor and a reduction gear and a rope drum. A carrying cable is wound onto the cable drum, with the cable drum and the drive unit being coupled to one another by a drive shaft. The electric cable hoist also has a support frame on which the cable drum is rotatably mounted at one end. The drive unit is mounted on the support frame such that it cannot be displaced in the axial direction of the drive shaft and is rotatable about an axis of rotation. In addition, a switch with an actuating arm connected at least indirectly to the drive unit is arranged on the support frame. The switch is triggered as soon as itself When the electric wire rope hoist is overloaded, the drive unit rotates against the support frame around the drive shaft coaxially with it, and this causes the electric wire rope hoist to stop.

From the DE 43 26 673 A1 is a load lifting and transport device, for example in connection with bridge and gantry cranes or fixed rails in warehouses. The load lifting and transport device has a hoist, a carrying unit and a trolley, the hoist being built on a frame construction of the trolley. The lifting tool is built on four belt drums arranged in a box shape, which are coupled to one another via four bevel gears. The bevel gears are connected to a lifting drive via a coupling. Carrying straps are accommodated in the belt drums.

the DE 11 2018 000 048 T5 shows an electric winch with a winch body, a drive motor and a lithium battery. The winch body includes a winch bracket, a reduction gear and a cable drum. The electric winch has a compact design and is intended as an outdoor tool. A steel cable or winding cable is preferably provided as the cable.

In the DE 30 31 836 A1 describes a cable winch, in particular a cable winch mounted on a motor vehicle. The cable winch includes a cable drum, a gearbox and a drive motor. The winch has a relatively large length in the axial direction, but a particularly small dimension in the radial direction, which makes it particularly suitable for installation in motor vehicle chassis.

the U.S. 4,533,119 has an electric winch suitable for use on different vehicles. The electric winch includes a cable drum or pulley that also serves as a motor housing for a drive motor. One end of the cable drum is rotatably supported by a support member mounted on a base. The support member also supports one end of the drive motor. The other end of the drive motor is carried by a gearbox which is also fixedly mounted on the base plate. The winch thus has a compact structure.

The object of the invention is to create a hoist and a crane with such a hoist that is suitable for use in a clean room.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hoist and a crane with such a hoist, which can use the available space very efficiently.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hoist and a crane with such a hoist with a very compact hoist.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hoist and a crane with such a hoist with a reliable and simply designed device for determining the lifting height of the crane.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a hoist and a crane with such a hoist, with which the weight of an item to be lifted can be precisely determined.

The invention solves one or more of the above objects with one of the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous refinements of the invention are presented in the respective dependent patent claims.

• eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges,
• einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und
• ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel.

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes, comprising

• a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting rod,
• a lift motor for driving the drum, and
• a reduction gear for transmitting the rotation of the hoist motor to the drum.

The hoist is characterized in that the flexible lifting strand is a belt which has several reinforcement strands or strands arranged approximately parallel to one another and at a distance from each other and embedded in a flat polymer body, the polymer material of the polymer body completely enclosing the reinforcement strands.

The belt is thus a composite material consisting of elongated strands which extend over the entire length of the belt and have a high tensile strength. The strands are embedded in the polymer body at a distance from one another so that they cannot touch one another. As a result, there is no friction between the strands and therefore no abrasion. Even if a small amount of abrasion should occur due to the bending of the strands, this is enclosed in the polymer body and cannot escape. The surface of the belt is determined by the polymer body. This can be run on rolls and rollers without causing abrasion. The belt is therefore suitable for use of the hoist in a clean room. Compared to chain or steel cables, the belt does not cause any contamination that could interfere with use in the clean room.

The strap may have a plurality of grooves on at least one side extending between longitudinal side edges of the strap.

The grooves can run obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the belt and are preferably arranged on the belt on its side pointing towards a drum core of the drum. The grooves can also be arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal direction and/or on the side of the belt pointing away from the drum core. The grooves are preferably formed in a straight line and parallel to one another. In the longitudinal direction of the belt, the grooves can be arranged in such a way that one groove in the longitudinal direction begins where the adjacent groove ends, or the grooves can overlap somewhat in the longitudinal direction of the belt.

The grooves make the strap more flexible. As a result, the belt can be convexly curved, in particular on the side on which the grooves are formed, and can also be wound onto a relatively small drum without excessive tension occurring.

Another problem with a belt without such grooves is that the smooth surfaces can stick together during winding without being fully tensioned. If the load acts for a predetermined time, this adhesion can be released and the belt can be wound up with tension. This causes shocks to the hoist. With heavy loads (e.g. > 1 t), this can lead to considerable damage or even cause dangerous situations. This is also avoided by the grooves. This is also achieved with grooves running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the belt. It is therefore not necessary for the grooves to be arranged in an oblique manner.

The strands may be formed of steel or a high tensile polymeric material such as polyamide (e.g. known by the trade name "Kevlar").

Steel and a polymeric material, such as Kevlar, are suitable because, in addition to their tensile strength, they have sufficient flexibility not to break when the belt is wound. Other materials and polymeric materials that meet this requirement can also be provided.

• eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges,
• einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und
• ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes, comprising

• a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting rod,
• a lift motor for driving the drum, and
• a reduction gear for transmitting the rotation of the hoist motor to the drum.

The hoist is characterized in that the drum can be arranged between the hoist motor and the gearbox.

Such a hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes is arranged to be movable on a bridge rail during operation so that it can be moved back and forth in the area between the ends of the bridge rail in order to be able to transport goods hanging on the hoist. By arranging the drum between the hoist motor and the gearbox, the drum can be arranged approximately in the middle of the hoist with respect to the direction of movement of the hoist on the bridge rail. In conventional hoists, the gearbox is located between the hoist motor and the drum. This places the drum on the side edge of the hoist. Such a conventional hoist can be moved at one end of the bridge rail with the drum almost to the end of the bridge rail, and at the other end of the bridge rail, the drum must keep a considerable distance from the end of the bridge rail, which is dictated by the dimensions of the hoist motor and gearbox is. This distance is disadvantageous because the space below this end of the bridge rail cannot be reached with this hoist. On the other hand, the drum can be moved almost to the end of the rail. But a position of the drum directly at the end of the rail is of little importance in practice, since with a gantry crane with the goods one comes very close to supports which support the bridge rail and with a bridge crane, which is usually used in halls, one is located very close to an adjacent hall wall. It should be avoided that the goods to be transported with the crane hit the support or the hall wall. Therefore, the eccentric arrangement of the drum of conventional hoists is disadvantageous compared to a central arrangement.

Another advantage of the central arrangement is that the running wheels of the hoist, which rest on the bridge rail, are loaded more or less evenly. With an eccentric arrangement of the drum, the impeller that is arranged closer to the drum is loaded significantly more than the other impeller. When designing the running wheels and the bridge rail, the maximum local load must be taken into account, which is significantly higher with an eccentric arrangement of the drum than with a central arrangement of the drum. This means that the maximum lifting capacity of the hoist with the same attachment of the running wheels and the same design of the bridge rail is higher with a central arrangement of the drum than with an eccentric arrangement. Due to the central arrangement of the drum, a higher lifting capacity is achieved than with an eccentric arrangement.

The hoist motor may be connected to the gearbox via a shaft which extends through the drum, the drum being freely rotatable with respect to the shaft. The drum is preferably non-rotatably connected to the gear.

The drum can comprise a drum core and two flanged wheels, with a transmission housing of the transmission being designed as a rotatable output element of the transmission and at the same time as one of the flanged disks of the drum, so that the transmission housing and the drum form a unit that rotates together.

The use of the gear housing as an output element and at the same time as a flanged wheel of the drum allows for a very compact configuration of the drum and the gear. There is no need to provide a separate flanged wheel for the drum. In addition, the unit made up of gear and drum is very compact, which is very advantageous for the statics and support of this unit on the hoist, since considerable loads have to be dissipated here and the levers are kept small as a result.

The transmission preferably has a stator which is arranged in the power flow between a shaft which connects the drive motor to the transmission and the rotatable transmission housing, the stator and the lifting motor being non-rotatably fastened to a mounting bracket.

The shaft can be rotatably mounted in the stator with a free end remote from the lifting motor, and the unit consisting of the gear housing can be rotatably mounted on the stator and/or on the shaft.

The gear can be a single-stage or multi-stage cycloidal gear. Such a cycloidal gear can on the one hand be very compact and on the other hand be designed with a large transmission ratio and allows low-wear operation due to no or very low shearing forces. This is advantageous for use in a clean room.

The hoist can have a drive unit, which includes a drive motor and running wheels, in order to move the hoist along the bridge rail. The drive unit is preferably provided with a frequency converter for controlling the drive motor.

The drive motor and/or the lifting motor can be designed as a three-phase motor and in particular as a three-phase asynchronous motor or as a synchronous servo motor. By controlling by means of a frequency converter, the drive motor can have a predetermined Generate torque at variable speeds, which enables the hoist to start and brake evenly and jerk-free.

The belt can have oblique markings in the longitudinal direction of the belt, and the hoist can have a line sensor which is arranged for scanning the belt on the side with the oblique markings, so that the height of a bottom hook block suspended from the belt can be determined by optically scanning the markings is.

Such a line sensor can be arranged on the hoist without having to create any special space for this, since the line sensor is small and compact. The line sensor in no way restricts the actuation of the belt. With conventional sensors for measuring the height of the hook block and thus the height of the goods to be transported, the sensor is often arranged in the vertical position directly above the hook block, such as a laser scanner with which the position of the hook block can be detected. Because of the sensor, it is then often not possible to lift the hook block as far up as the hoisting gear allows, since there is a risk that the hook block will come into contact with the sensor.

The use of a line sensor is a much more cost-effective solution that allows the height to be determined very precisely and also does not affect the operation of the hoist in any way.

The markings on the belt can be formed by the grooves explained above, which run obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the belt.

The lifting strand can be fixed at one end to the drum and at the other end to a receiving body which is coupled to a load cell, the load cell being fastened to a hoist base body and the receiving body being arranged on the hoist base body with play.

Since the lifting string is fixed at one end to the receiving body, which in turn is coupled to a load cell, the load with which the lifting string pulls on the receiving body is transferred to the load cell, with which the weight hanging on the lifting string can be measured.

With conventional weighing devices for hoists, the weight of the belt picked up by the hoist is measured in different ways. For example, the one attacking on the rope Tensile force, a load torque in the transmission using a corresponding sensor or the engine torque measured via the power consumption. These measurements are very limited in accuracy.

Any load cell can be used by coupling the load cell to a buckle to which is fixed an end of the hoist string remote from the drum. In the exemplary embodiment explained in more detail below, an S-shaped load cell is used, for example. The shape of the weighing cell can thus be optimally designed for detecting the weight. This can significantly improve the precision with which the weight is measured.

The load cell is preferably arranged above the seat belt buckle, so that when the lifting strand is loaded, the receiving body exerts a downward tensile force on the load cell. The belt buckle can also be mounted on the hoist in such a way that the lifting strand is deflected by means of a saddle and the belt buckle is pulled upwards under load, so that instead of a tensile force, a compressive force is exerted on the load cell.

The seat belt buckle can rest against the hoist base body with a play of movement, particularly in the vertical direction, or be fastened to it. When the buckle is in contact with the main body of the hoist, it can move freely with respect to the main body of the hoist. If the buckle is attached to the hoist base, the hoist base becomes part of the weighing device and the deformation of the hoist base is then included in the weight measurement.

The load cell can be arranged above the receiving body, so that when the lifting strand is loaded, the buckle exerts a downward tensile force or an upward compressive force on the load cell. This is a very simple arrangement which allows precise measurement of weight.

The load cell can have an approximately S-shaped body with two flexible legs arranged diametrically apart, so that the flexible legs are pushed apart or compressed somewhat when the load cell is subjected to a tensile or compressive load. This deformation of the load cell is measured, for example, using strain gauges (DMS), which are preferably arranged in a Wheatstone bridge.

The hoist can have a processor control, which is designed to control the individual components of the hoist.

Above all, the drive motor and the hoist motor are controlled with the hoist control and the sensors provided in the hoist, such as the load cell or the line sensor, are read out. The processor control can also be used to execute predetermined programs for actuating the hoist, such as running a predetermined acceleration or deceleration profile when actuating the drive motor and/or the hoist motor or for controlling the movement of the drive motor and/or the hoist motor, etc that swinging of the load lifted with the hoist is prevented. Such swinging of the load can be prevented in particular if the height of the load and the acceleration of the load are measured, since the load represents a physical pendulum on the hoist and the swinging of the load is mainly defined by the length of the pendulum and the speed parameters.

The aspects explained above can be used individually or in any combination on a hoist. None of the aspects discussed above preclude the use of any of the other aspects.

Furthermore, a crane with a horizontal bridge rail is provided, along which a hoist is arranged to be movable, which is designed in accordance with the statements presented above.

The crane can be a bridge crane, i.e. the ends of the bridge rail can be moved directly on two running rails. The crane can also be a gantry crane, i.e. the ends of the bridge rails are arranged on supports which are movably mounted on running rails. The two supports and the bridge rail thus form a portal. The bridge rail of the bridge crane can also be stationary.

The bridge rail of the crane is preferably powder-coated. It has been shown that a powder-coated surface of the bridge rail with rollers of the hoist, the running surface of which is made of plastic, in particular polyamide, such as PA6, or POM or equivalent plastics, which roll on the powder-coated surface, produces practically no abrasion and is suitable for applications are suitable in the clean room. In conventional bridge cranes for clean rooms, the bridge rail is made of stainless steel and the running wheels are made of metal. This is much more complex and the running noise is significantly louder.

Figur 1

ein Hebezeug in perspektivischer Ansicht von schräg oben,

Figur 2

das Hebezeug von Figur 1 in der Draufsicht, wobei ein Gehäuse des Hubwerkes entfernt ist,

Figur 3

einen Schnitt durch eine Einheit, bestehend aus einem Hubmotor, einer Trommel und einem Getriebe des Hubwerkes aus Figur 2,

Figur 4

die Einheit aus Figur 3 in einer Explosionsdarstellung,

Figur 5a

das Hebezeug aus Figur 1 im Bereich einer Wägezelle,

Figur 5b

das Hebezeug aus Figur 1 in einer Querschnittsansicht ohne Gehäuse,

Figur 6

das Hebezeug aus Figur 1 in einer Frontansicht ohne Gehäuse, und

Figur 7

einen Abschnitt eines Gurtes in der Draufsicht.

The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawings. The drawings show schematically in:

figure 1

a hoist in a perspective view diagonally from above,

figure 2

the hoist of figure 1 in top view, with a housing of the hoist removed,

figure 3

shows a section through a unit consisting of a hoist motor, a drum and a hoist gearbox figure 2 ,

figure 4

the unit off figure 3 in an exploded view,

Figure 5a

the hoist off figure 1 in the area of a load cell,

Figure 5b

the hoist off figure 1 in a cross-sectional view without housing,

figure 6

the hoist off figure 1 in a front view without housing, and

figure 7

a section of a belt in plan view.

A hoist 1 basically comprises a hoist 2 and a drive unit 3.

The lifting tool 2 and the drive unit 3 each have an approximately plate-shaped base body 4, 5, which are connected to one another by rods 6, the base bodies being spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. On the mutually facing sides of the base body 4, 5 four running wheels 7, 8 are arranged. The running wheels 8 of the drive unit 3 are driven by a motor 9 ( Figure 5b , 6 ) driven, which is coupled to the running wheels 8 of the drive unit 3 via a transmission (not shown).

During operation, the running wheels 7, 8 lie on a bridge rail 10 ( Figure 5b ) and can roll along the bridge rail 10. In the present exemplary embodiment, the bridge rail 10 is a double T-beam. The rollers are made of plastic. The plastic consists, for example, of polyoxymethylene (POM) or of polyamide, in particular PA6. The transmission of the drive unit 3 is designed as a worm gear. The gears are made of stainless steel or plastic so that they can be operated without the use of lubricants. The housing of the drive unit 3 forms a dust-tight seal with the base body 5 . The drive unit is therefore suitable for use in a clean room.

The hoist 2 has a hoist motor 11, a drum 12 and a reduction gear 13 ( figure 2 , 3 , 4 ).

The lifting motor 11 is a three-phase asynchronous motor or a synchronous servomotor. It is controlled by a frequency converter, so that it can generate a predetermined torque with variable torque can generate speeds. This allows an even, jerk-free lifting and lowering of goods.

The lift motor 11 drives a shaft 14 ( figure 3 , 4 ) which extends through a central recess of the drum 12 into the reduction gear 13.

The reduction gear 13 is a cycloidal gear. In the case of cycloidal gears, a cam disc is usually first driven by means of an eccentric shaft (drive shaft). Fixed bolts are arranged in a ring around the eccentric shaft, into which the indentations of the cam disc fit. Due to the eccentric movement, the cam is driven around these bolts, so that the cam rotates around its axis of symmetry. There are holes in the cam that rotate in the opposite direction to the eccentric shaft. The rollers of a roller disk engage in these holes. In this way, the cam disk drives the roller disk, which usually has an output shaft on it.

The reduction gear 13 is a two-stage cycloidal gear, the second stage being modified from a conventional cycloidal gear in such a way that the roller disk is designed as a stator 15 which is stationary and therefore does not move. The bolts, which are fixed in conventional cycloidal gears, are part of a rotatable housing 16 of the reduction gear 13, which are driven by the cam disc. The first stage of the reduction gear is designed like a conventional cycloidal gear.

The housing has a disc-shaped side wall 17 and a housing body 18, which has a cylindrical shell section 19 and a rear ring step section 20 ( figure 3 ).

By rotating the shaft 14, the housing 16 is rotated relative to the stator 15 by means of the two gear stages.

The shaft 14 is mounted with a free end 21 remote from the lifting motor 11 in the stator 15 by means of a ball bearing 22 .

The side wall 17 of the housing is non-rotatably connected to a tubular base part 23 of the drum 12 . Both the disk-shaped side wall 17 and the tubular base part 23 each have a through-opening, which are arranged concentrically to one another and through which the shaft 14 extends.

An annular disk 24 is fastened to the tubular base part 23 at a distance from the side wall 17 of the housing 16 . The annular disk 24 is arranged parallel to the side wall 17 . The side wall 17 and the annular disk 24 each form a flanged disk of the drum 12. The area of the tubular base part 23 between the side wall 17 and the annular disk 24 forms an approximately cylindrical drum core 25 of the drum 12.

The unit consisting of the housing 16 and the drum 12 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 14 with a ball bearing 26 . On the side of the ring disk 24 facing away from the drum core 25, a sprocket 27 is fastened concentrically.

On the base body 4 of the hoist 2 ( figure 3 , 4 ) A flange 28 is integrally formed. Another, second flange 29 is detachably attached to the base body 4 with a screw connection. The two flanges 28, 29 are arranged approximately parallel to one another. The first flange 28 has a through hole. The lifting motor 11 is fixed to the first flange 28 with the shaft 14 extending through the opening in the first flange 28 . The stator 15 of the reduction gear 13 is fixed to the base body 4 by means of the second flange 29 .

A flexible lifting strand is fastened to the drum core 25 and is designed as a belt 30 in the present exemplary embodiment. The drum core 25 has a belt saddle which is fastened to the rest of the drum core 25 with a screw connection. An end portion of the belt 30 is clamped between the drum saddle and the rest of the drum core. The contact surfaces of the drum core 25 with the belt 30 are knurled, which causes a significantly higher friction and prevents the belt from slipping off.

The belt is attached to the drive unit 3 ( Figure 5b ) attached. For this purpose, the base body 5 of the drive unit 3 has a through opening 31 through which the belt 30 extends. On the side of the base body 5 of the drive unit 3 facing away from the hoist 2 , a belt lock 32 is arranged, which is coupled to a load cell 33 . The buckle 32 is made up of several parts and has a plate part 35 , with a plate-shaped fastening flange 36 , 37 being arranged on both sides of the plate part 35 . The buckle 32 has a through-opening 51 which is essentially aligned with the through-opening 31 of the base body 5 . A saddle 34 with a semicircular cross-section is arranged in the two through openings 31, 51 in such a way that it deflects the strap 30 leading upwards from a hook block 43 downwards, where the strap 30 is guided along the plate part 35 and around the plate part 35 and by means of the Mounting flanges 36, 37 on the Plate part 35 is clamped. The end area of the belt 30 is thus fixed in the belt lock 32 . The plate part 35 has a web 38 delimiting the recess, which is connected to the load cell 33 by means of a screw bolt.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the saddle 34 is fixed to the buckle 32 and is arranged with play relative to the base body 5 .

The load cell 33 is S-shaped in side view with two diametrically distant flexible legs 39, 40. The load cell 33 is a metal body that has a plurality of strain gauges (not shown) that detect the deformation of the metal body. The deformation is proportional to the force applied to the load cell 33 .

The load cell 33 is with its deflection leg 40 removed from the belt lock 32 by means of a screw bolt 42 ( Figure 5a ) attached to the base body 5 of the drive unit 3.

The hook block 43 , which has a hook 44 and a roller 45 , is suspended on the belt 30 . The roller 45 is rotatably mounted in the hook block 43 and has a smooth cylinder surface, the cylinder having approximately the width of the belt 30, so that the belt can slide along the roller 15 without wear.

The base body 4 has a further passage opening 46 in which a rotatably mounted deflection roller 47 is located. The belt 30 is guided from the drum 12 to the hook block 43 via the deflection roller 47 ( Figure 5b ). The hook block 43 can thus be raised or lowered by winding or unwinding the belt 30 from the drum 12 . If a load is lifted with the bottom hook block 43, part of the corresponding force acts on the buckle 32 and pulls it down. As a result, the load cell 33 is stretched somewhat. The stretching is recorded by the sensors and can be converted into a weight value. The belt buckle 32 is connected to the base body 5 exclusively via the load cell 33 . The belt lock 32 is thus in contact with the base body 5 with a play of movement.

With this load cell, the weight of a load can be recorded with an accuracy of less than 3%.

Alternatively, the saddle 34 can also be fixed to the base body 5 and arranged with play relative to the buckle 32 . In such an embodiment, when the belt 30 is loaded, the belt buckle 32 is pulled upwards and the load cell 33 is subjected to pressure.

The hoist has a processor control 48 ( figure 6 ). The processor control is designed to control the individual components of the hoist. All the sensors that are read out by the processor control 48 are also connected to it. The processor controller 48 can have a data connection to the data network, in particular a radio connection, for example via a W-LAN, in order to be able to communicate with a computer network.

By means of the processor control 48, for example, the weight values recorded with the load cell 33 can be forwarded to an inventory management system, with which it can be recorded which objects have been lifted with the crane. The processor control 48 is also preferably designed in such a way that it has predetermined programs for starting and braking the hoist 1 or for raising and lowering the bottom hook block 43 .

The lifting motor 11 can be provided with an absolute encoder so that the rotational position of the lifting motor 11 can be detected at any time and it can also be derived from this what length of the belt 30 has been unwound from the drum 12 . In this way, the height of the hook block 43 can be calculated, bearing in mind that unwinding a predetermined length of webbing 30 results in only half the change in height and, moreover, the length of webbing unwound or coiled per rotation of drum 12 also depends thereon , how many layers of the belt 30 have already been wound onto the drum 12. However, this can be calculated with the processor control 48 in the case of a hoist motor 11 with an absolute encoder or incremental encoder based on the values output therefrom.

If a hoist motor 11 is used without such an absolute encoder, then it is advisable to use a limit switch sensor 49 ( figure 2 and 4 ), which can be coupled to the number ring 27.

The invention is explained above using an exemplary embodiment with a belt as the flexible lifting strand. Within the scope of the invention, however, it is also possible to use other flexible lifting strands, such as steel cables or chains, particularly if it is not necessary to use the lifting gear in a clean room.

The belt 30 has grooves 50 running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the belt 30 on its side facing the drum core 25 of the drum 12 . The grooves 50 can also be arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the belt 30 and/or on the side of the belt 30 pointing away from the drum core 25 of the drum 12 . Preferably, the grooves 50 are straight and parallel to each other. In the longitudinal direction of the belt 30, the grooves 50 can be arranged in such a way that in each case one groove 50 begins in the longitudinal direction where the adjacent groove 50 ends, or the grooves 50 can overlap somewhat in the longitudinal direction of the belt 30 . The grooves 50 enclose an angle of approximately 30° to 60° with the longitudinal direction of the belt 30 . The grooves 50 make the belt 30 more flexible ( 7 ). This allows the webbing 30 to be convexly curved with the side on which the grooves 50 are formed and also to be wound onto a relatively small drum 12 without excessive tension occurring.

In a preferred embodiment, the hoist has a line sensor 52 for scanning the oblique grooves in the belt discussed above. The line sensor 52 can have an integrated lighting device in order to illuminate the area of the belt 30 to be scanned. The line sensor is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the belt 30, so that the line sensor 52 and one of the grooves 50 intersect at one point. By detecting this point of intersection, the movement of the belt 30 can be recorded in a simple manner with high precision. In combination with the load cell explained above, the weight and the position of the load can be recorded very precisely. This allows the integration of the hoist 1 or a crane that is provided with the hoist 1 in a partially or fully automatic operation for lifting and moving objects.

Ball bearings are mentioned in the exemplary embodiment explained above. Ball bearings can also be designed as roller bearings or other bearings that can carry the loads occurring in such a hoist.

The invention can be briefly summarized as follows:
The present invention relates to a hoist and a crane with such a hoist. The hoist includes a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible hoist line, which is designed in particular as a belt, a hoist motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary motion of the hoist motor to the drum. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the drum is arranged between the hoist motor and the reduction gear. Another aspect of the invention relates to the sling being strong enough to lift large loads while still meeting clean room requirements.

• Beispiel 1: Hebezeug für Brückenkräne und Portalkräne umfassend eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges, einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trommel zwischen dem Hubmotor und dem Getriebe angeordnet ist.
• Beispiel 2: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hubmotor mit dem Getriebe über eine Welle verbunden ist, die sich durch die Trommel hindurch erstreckt, wobei die Trommel gegenüber der Welle frei drehbar ist.
• Beispiel 3: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trommel drehfest mit dem Getriebe verbunden ist.
• Beispiel 4: Hebezeug für Brückenkräne und Portalkräne, insbesondere nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 3, umfassend eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges, wobei die Trommel einen Trommelkern und zwei Bordscheiben umfasst, einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Getriebegehäuse des Getriebes als ein drehbares Abtriebselement des Getriebes und gleichzeitig als eine der Bordscheiben der Trommel ausgebildet ist, so dass das Getriebegehäuse und die Trommel eine sich gemeinsam drehende Einheit bilden.
• Beispiel 5: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Getriebe einen Stator aufweist, der im Kraftfluss zwischen der Welle, die den Hubmotor mit dem Getriebe verbindet, und dem drehbaren Getriebegehäuse angeordnet ist, wobei der Stator und der Hubmotor an einem Montagebock drehfest befestigt sind.
• Beispiel 6: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle mit einem vom Hubmotor entfernten freien Ende im Stator drehbar gelagert ist und die Einheit aus dem Getriebegehäuse am Stator und/oder an der Welle drehbar gelagert ist.
• Beispiel 7: Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebezeug einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Hubmotors aufweist, der vorzugsweise als Drehstrommotor, insbesondere als Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor oder als Synchronservomotor, ausgebildet ist.
• Beispiel 8: Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Getriebe ein einstufiges oder mehrstufiges Zykloidgetriebe ist.
• Beispiel 9: Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebezeug eine Antriebseinheit aufweist, welche einen Antriebsmotor und Laufräder umfasst, um das Hebezeug entlang einer Brückenschiene zu verfahren.
• Beispiel 10: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebezeug einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Antriebsmotors aufweist, der vorzugsweise als Drehstrommotor, insbesondere als Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor oder als Synchronservomotor, ausgebildet ist.
• Beispiel 11: Hebezeug für Brückenkräne und Portalkräne umfassend eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges, einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flexible Hubstrang ein Gurt ist, der mehrere etwa parallel zueinander und mit Abstand angeordnete Verstärkungslitzen bzw. Litzen aufweist, welche in einem flachen Polymerkörper eingebettet sind, wobei das Polymermaterial des Polymerkörpers die Verstärkungslitzen vollständig umschließt.
• Beispiel 12: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gurt zumindest an einer Seite mehrere Nuten aufweist, die sich zwischen Längsseitenrändern des Gurtes erstrecken.
• Beispiel 13: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nuten schräg und/oder orthogonal zur Längsrichtung des Gurtes verlaufen und am Gurt an seiner von einem Trommelkern der Trommel wegweisenden Seite und/oder vorzugsweise am Gurt an seiner zu einem Trommelkern der Trommel weisenden Seite angeordnet sind.
• Beispiel 14: Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkungslitzen aus Stahl oder einem zugfesten Polymermaterial, wie beispielsweise Polyamid, ausgebildet sind.
• Beispiel 15: Hebezeug für Brückenkräne und Portalkräne umfassend eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges, einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flexible Hubstrang ein Gurt ist, der schräg zur Längsrichtung verlaufende Markierungen aufweist, und das Hebezeug einen Zeilensensor aufweist, welcher zum Abtasten des Gurtes auf der Seite mit den schrägverlaufenden Markierungen angeordnet ist, so dass durch optisches Abtasten der Markierungen die Höhe einer am Gurt eingehängten Hakenflasche bestimmbar ist.
• Beispiel 16: Hebezeug für Brückenkräne und Portalkräne umfassend eine Trommel zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines flexiblen Hubstranges, einen Hubmotor zum Antreiben der Trommel, und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zum Übertragen der Drehbewegung des Hubmotors auf die Trommel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hubstrang mit einem Ende an der Trommel und mit dem anderen Ende an einem Aufnahmekörper fixiert ist, der an eine Wägezelle gekoppelt ist, wobei die Wägezelle an einem Hebezeuggrundkörper befestigt ist und der Aufnahmekörper mit einem Bewegungsspiel am Hebezeuggrundkörper angeordnet oder an diesem befestigt ist.
• Beispiel 17: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wägezelle oberhalb des Aufnahmekörpers angeordnet ist, so dass bei Belastung des Hubstranges der Aufnahmekörper eine nach unten gerichtete Druckkraft auf die Wägezelle ausübt.
• Beispiel 18: Hebezeug nach Beispiel 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wägezelle einen etwa S-förmigen Körper mit zwei diametral entfernten Biegeschenkeln aufweist, so dass die Biegeschenkel bei einer Druckbelastung auf die Wägezelle etwas zusammengedrückt werden.
• Beispiel 19: Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebezeug eine Prozessorsteuerung aufweist, welche zum Ansteuern der einzelnen Komponenten des Hebezeuges ausgebildet ist.
• Beispiel 20: Kran mit einer horizontalen Brückenschiene entlang welcher ein Hebezeug nach einem der Beispiele 1 bis 19 verfahrbar angeordnet ist.
• Beispiel 21: Kran nach Beispiel 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brückenschiene mit ihren Enden entweder unmittelbar (Brückenkran) oder mittels jeweils einer Stütze (Portalkran) auf einer Laufschiene verfahrbar gelagert ist, so dass die Brückenschiene entlang der Laufschienen verfahrbar ist.
• Beispiel 22: Kran nach Beispiel 20 oder 21, insbesondere Brückenkran für einen Reinraum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brückenschiene pulverbeschichtet ist und Laufräder des Hebezeugs, welche auf der pulverbeschichteten Oberfläche der Brückenschiene abrollen, eine Lauffläche aus Kunststoff aufweisen.

Bezugszeichenliste 1 Hebezeug 27 Zahnkranz 2 Hubwerk 28 Flansch 3 Antriebseinheit 29 Flansch 4 Grundkörper 30 Gurt 5 Grundkörper 31 Durchgangsöffnung 6 Stange 32 Gurtschloss 7 Laufrad 33 Wägezelle 8 Laufrad 34 Sattel 9 Antriebsmotor 35 Plattenteil 10 Brückenschiene 36 Befestigungsflansch 11 Hubmotor 37 Befestigungsflansch 12 Trommel 38 Steg 13 Untersetzungsgetriebe 39 Biegeschenkel 14 Welle 40 Biegeschenkel 15 Stator 41 Schraubbolzen 16 Gehäuse 42 Schraubbolzen 17 Seitenwand 43 Hakenflasche 18 Gehäusekörper 44 Haken 19 Mantelabschnitt 45 Rolle 20 Ringstufenabschnitt 46 Durchgangsöffnung 21 freies Ende 47 Umlenkrolle 22 Kugellager 48 Prozessorsteuerung 23 rohrförmiges Basisteil 49 Endabschaltersensor 24 Ringscheibe 50 Nut 25 Trommelkern 51 Durchgangsöffnung 26 Kugellager 52 Zeilensensor Some examples of the invention are listed below:

• Example 1: hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes comprising a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible hoist line, a hoist motor for driving the drum, and a Reduction gear for transmitting the rotary movement of the hoist motor to the drum, characterized in that the drum is arranged between the hoist motor and the gear.
• Example 2 Hoist according to example 1, characterized in that the hoist motor is connected to the gearbox via a shaft which extends through the drum, the drum being freely rotatable with respect to the shaft.
• Example 3: Hoist according to example 1 or 2, characterized in that the drum is non-rotatably connected to the gear.
• Example 4: Hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes, in particular according to one of Examples 1 to 3, comprising a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible hoist line, the drum comprising a drum core and two flanged wheels, a hoist motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary movement of the hoist motor to the drum, characterized in that a gear housing of the gear is designed as a rotatable output element of the gear and at the same time as one of the flanged wheels of the drum, so that the gear housing and the drum form a unit that rotates together.
• Example 5: Hoist according to example 4, characterized in that the gear has a stator which is arranged in the power flow between the shaft which connects the hoist motor to the gear and the rotatable gear housing, the stator and the hoist motor being rotatably fixed to an assembly stand are attached.
• Example 6: Hoist according to example 5, characterized in that the shaft is rotatably mounted in the stator with a free end remote from the hoist motor and the unit consisting of the gear housing is rotatably mounted on the stator and/or on the shaft.
• Example 7: Hoist according to one of examples 1 to 6, characterized in that the hoist has a frequency converter for controlling the hoist motor, which is preferably designed as a three-phase motor, in particular as a three-phase asynchronous motor or as a synchronous servomotor.
• Example 8: Hoist according to one of Examples 1 to 7, characterized in that the gear is a single-stage or multi-stage cycloidal gear.
• Example 9: Hoist according to one of examples 1 to 8, characterized in that the hoist has a drive unit which includes a drive motor and running wheels in order to move the hoist along a bridge rail.
• Example 10: Hoist according to example 9, characterized in that the hoist has a frequency converter for controlling the drive motor, which is preferably designed as a three-phase motor, in particular as a three-phase asynchronous motor or as a synchronous servomotor.
• Example 11: Hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes comprising a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting line, a lifting motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary motion of the lifting motor to the drum, characterized in that the flexible lifting line is a belt , which has a plurality of reinforcing strands or strands arranged approximately parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, which are embedded in a flat polymer body, the polymer material of the polymer body completely enclosing the reinforcing strands.
• Example 12: Hoisting gear according to example 11, characterized in that the strap has a plurality of grooves on at least one side, which extend between longitudinal side edges of the strap.
• Example 13: Hoist according to example 12, characterized in that the grooves run obliquely and/or orthogonally to the longitudinal direction of the belt and on the belt on its side pointing away from a drum core of the drum and/or preferably on the belt on its side pointing towards a drum core of the drum page are arranged.
• Example 14 Hoist according to one of Examples 11 to 13, characterized in that the reinforcing strands are made of steel or a high-tensile polymer material, such as polyamide.
• Example 15: Hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes comprising a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible hoist line, a hoist motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary motion of the hoist motor to the drum, characterized in that the flexible hoist line is a belt , which has markings running obliquely to the longitudinal direction, and the hoist has a line sensor which is arranged for scanning the belt on the side with the obliquely running markings, so that the height of a bottom hook block attached to the belt can be determined by optically scanning the markings.
• Example 16: Hoist for bridge cranes and gantry cranes comprising a drum for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting string, a lifting motor for driving the drum, and a reduction gear for transmitting the rotary motion of the lifting motor to the drum, characterized in that the lifting string with one end of the drum and is fixed with the other end to a receiving body which is coupled to a load cell, wherein the load cell is attached to a hoist base body and the receiving body is arranged with a play on the hoist base body or attached to this.
• Example 17: Lifting gear according to example 16, characterized in that the load cell is arranged above the receiving body, so that when the lifting strand is loaded, the receiving body exerts a downward compressive force on the load cell.
• Example 18 Lifting gear according to example 16 or 17, characterized in that the load cell has an approximately S-shaped body with two diametrically spaced flexible legs, so that the flexible legs are somewhat compressed when the load cell is subjected to pressure.
• Example 19: Hoist according to one of examples 1 to 18, characterized in that the hoist has a processor control which is designed to control the individual components of the hoist.
• Example 20 Crane with a horizontal bridge rail along which a hoist according to one of Examples 1 to 19 is arranged to be movable.
• Example 21: Crane according to example 20, characterized in that the bridge rail is movably mounted with its ends either directly (bridge crane) or by means of a support (gantry crane) on a running rail, so that the bridge rail can be moved along the running rails.
• Example 22 Crane according to example 20 or 21, in particular a bridge crane for a clean room, characterized in that the bridge rail is powder-coated and running wheels of the hoist, which roll on the powder-coated surface of the bridge rail, have a plastic running surface.

<u>Reference List</u> 1 hoist 27 sprocket 2 hoist 28 flange 3 drive unit 29 flange 4 body 30 belt 5 body 31 passage opening 6 pole 32 belt buckle 7 Wheel 33 load cell 8th Wheel 34 saddle 9 drive motor 35 plate part 10 bridge rail 36 mounting flange 11 lift motor 37 mounting flange 12 drum 38 web 13 reduction gear 39 flexible leg 14 Wave 40 flexible leg 15 stator 41 bolts 16 Housing 42 bolts 17 Side wall 43 hook block 18 case body 44 hook 19 coat section 45 role 20 ring step section 46 passage opening 21 free end 47 pulley 22 ball-bearing 48 processor control 23 tubular base 49 limit switch sensor 24 ring washer 50 groove 25 drum core 51 passage opening 26 ball-bearing 52 line sensor

Claims (15)

Comprising hoist (1) for bridge cranes and gantry cranes - a drum (12) for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting rod, - a lifting motor (11) for driving the drum (12), and - a reduction gear (13) for transmitting the rotary movement of the lifting motor (11) to the drum (12), characterized,
in that the flexible lifting cord is a belt (30) having a plurality of approximately parallel and spaced-apart strands embedded in a flat polymeric body, the polymeric material of the polymeric body completely enclosing the strands. Hoist (1) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the belt (30) has a plurality of grooves (50) on at least one side, which extend between longitudinal side edges of the belt (30). Hoist (1) according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the grooves (50) run obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the belt (30) and are preferably arranged on the belt (30) on its side facing towards a drum core (25) of the drum (12). Hoist (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the strands are made of steel or a high-tensile polymer material such as polyamide. Hoist (1) for bridge cranes and gantry cranes, in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 4, comprising - a drum (12) for winding and unwinding a flexible lifting rod, - a lifting motor (11) for driving the drum (12), and - a reduction gear (13) for transmitting the rotary movement of the lifting motor (11) to the drum (12), characterized,
that the drum (12) is arranged between the lifting motor (11) and the gearbox (13). Hoist (1) according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the lifting motor (11) is connected to the gear (13) via a shaft (14) which extends through the drum (12), the drum (12) being freely rotatable relative to the shaft (14), Hoist according to claim 5 or 6,
characterized,
that the drum (12) is rotatably connected to the gear (13). Hoist (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the hoist (1) has a frequency converter for controlling the hoist motor (11), which is preferably designed as a three-phase motor, in particular as a three-phase asynchronous motor or as a synchronous servo motor. Hoist (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the gear (13) is a single-stage or multi-stage cycloidal gear. Hoist (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the hoist (1) has a drive unit (3) which comprises a drive motor (9) and running wheels (7, 8) in order to move the hoist (1) along a bridge rail (10). Hoist (1) according to claim 10,
characterized,
that the hoist (1) has a frequency converter for controlling the drive motor (9), which is preferably designed as a three-phase motor, in particular as a three-phase asynchronous motor or as a synchronous servomotor. Hoist (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
characterized,
that the hoist (1) has a processor control (48) which is designed to control the individual components of the hoist (1). Crane with a horizontal bridge rail along which a hoist (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12 is arranged to be movable. Crane according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the bridge rail (10) is movably mounted with its ends either directly (gantry crane) or by means of a support (gantry crane) on a running rail, so that the bridge rail (10) can be moved along the running rails. Crane according to Claim 13 or 14, in particular a bridge crane for a clean room,
characterized,
that the bridge rail (10) is powder-coated and running wheels (7, 8) of the hoist (1), which roll on the powder-coated surface of the bridge rail (10), have a running surface made of plastic.

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