Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
  • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
  • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
  • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
  • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
  • B23Q1/54—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only
  • B23Q1/5406—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
  • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
  • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
  • B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
  • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
  • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
  • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
  • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
  • B23Q1/4876—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
  • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
  • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
  • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
  • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
  • B23Q1/4876—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
  • B23Q1/488—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair

Definitions

• Machine tool in particular for all-round machining of toroidal workpieces
• the present invention relates to a machine tool, in particular for machining toroidal workpieces on all sides.
• Machine tools are known from the prior art in different configurations.
• 5-axis machines are usually used for the multi-sided milling of toroidal workpieces.
• a particular challenge is the machining of flow components due to the high surface quality required, e.g. for aircraft turbines.
• the processing of closed flow components such as BLINGS is particularly difficult.
• the flow surfaces of the blades must be machined from both sides. To do this, it is necessary to turn the workpiece over on one side after machining and to re-clamp it. If the machining is carried out from the second side, there are twisting of the workpiece etc. due to minor clamping errors, which can lead to a shoulder in the area that was machined in the first clamping when machining the flow surface.
• the machine tool according to the invention with the features of claim 1 thus has the advantage that a workpiece can be completely machined in one clamping.
• the machine tool is set up in particular for machining toroidal workpieces, such as flow components of gas turbines, for example BLINGs.
• the machine tool comprises a Z slide with a main spindle for receiving a tool holder rotating about a spindle axis with a tool holder clamped therein Machining tool, for example a milling cutter.
• the machine tool further comprises a machine main body on which the Z slide is arranged.
• a machining table of the machine tool comprises a machining plane, a clamping device for clamping a workpiece and a first drive arranged in a housing.
• the first drive is set up to rotate the clamping device of the machining table about an axis of rotation.
• the machine tool further comprises a carrier element which is arranged on a pivot axis housing on the machine main body.
• the processing table is arranged on the carrier element.
• the carrier element here comprises a cantilevered arm articulated on one side and essentially has an L-shaped shape.
• a three-axis linear movement system with a first, second and third linear axis is provided in order to carry out a relative movement between the Z slide and the machining table.
• a second drive is also provided, which is set up to enable pivoting of the carrier element together with the processing table about a pivot axis.
• the clamping device on the machining table can thus be rotated about two different axes, namely the rotational axis driven by the first drive and the pivot axis driven by the second drive.
• the L-shaped support element has a first and a second leg.
• the processing table with the housing is arranged at the free end of the first leg on the first leg in such a way that the carrier element and the housing of the processing table form an essentially U-shaped unit.
• the space is set up as a workpiece receiving area in order to receive a part of the workpiece.
• a workpiece part thus protrudes into the gap and is located between the machining table and the second leg of the carrier element.
• a machining tool mounted in the main spindle can be moved into the gap and machine the workpiece in the gap.
• the main spindle can preferably also be moved into the gap.
• the machine tool has five axes, two axes for rotating the clamping device of the machining table different axes are provided.
• the workpiece which is clamped on the machining table by means of the clamping device, can be rotated about the axis of rotation in the work space of the machine tool and pivoted about the pivot axis by means of the carrier element.
• toroidal workpieces can be machined safely and with maximum accuracy in one clamping by the machine tool.
• the machine tool according to the invention is particularly suitable for manufacturing flow components, in particular components of turbines.
• the carrier element designed as a cantilevered L-shaped arm, enables a spacing between the housing of the machining table and the carrier element in the form of the gap, which leaves space for a toric workpiece to be clamped by means of the clamping device, in particular so that the machining table is essentially within the toric Workpiece is located.
• the toroidal workpiece is at least partially arranged in this space between the U-shaped unit made up of the carrier element and the housing of the machining table.
• the processing table is cantilevered on the first leg of the L-shaped support element on the free end of the first leg.
• the L-shaped support element in conjunction with the rotation axis and the swivel axis, enables simple, fast and safe machining of the workpiece on all sides.
• the first leg of the L-shaped support element on which the processing table is arranged is made so long that a distance is created between the housing of the processing table and the second leg of the L-shaped support element, which forms the gap and sufficient space for the leaves toric workpiece to be clamped on the clamping device of the machining table.
• the workpiece can be rotated collision-free between the housing of the processing table and the second leg of the L-shaped support element with the aid of the first drive.
• the first drive is preferably arranged directly in the machining table.
• a drive axis of the first drive lies in the axis of rotation of the machining table.
• the pivot axis is in the 0 ° position, the axis of rotation preferably runs in the vertical direction.
• the pivot axis housing is preferably a part of the main machine body or is preferably located on a slide which is movable in the main machine body along one or more linear axes.
• the second drive is arranged directly on the carrier element, in particular on the second leg, preferably within the pivot axis housing, so that the Support element pivots about the pivot axis. Since the processing table is arranged on the carrier element, the processing table then also swivels together with the carrier element about the pivot axis.
• the carrier element, the machining table with the first drive and the pivot axis housing with the second drive form a common assembly.
• these components can be provided as a preassembled unit.
• it can thereby be ensured that a particularly rigid configuration is possible between the components of the carrier element and the processing table, as well as the two drives.
• a workpiece clamped on the clamping device of the machining table can be positioned in any angular orientations in the working space of the machine tool.
• the pivot axis is arranged in a processing plane of the processing table, or the processing plane in the 0 ° position of the pivot axis is below the clamping device of the processing table.
• a center of the processing table and thus also the center of a workpiece clamped on the clamping device of the processing table always remains in the pivot axis, regardless of an angular position of the pivot axis.
• the axis of rotation and the pivot axis are particularly preferably arranged perpendicular to one another.
• a diameter of a housing of the machining table is greater than a width of the carrier element.
• the workpiece can be clamped on the clamping device with the aid of a pallet in such a way that it is essentially in the processing plane, that is to say with the pivot axis in the 0 ° position below the clamping device of the processing table.
• the machining table with the first drive is then located in particular within the toroidal workpiece. It is particularly advantageous if the housing of the processing table has the smallest possible diameter, but the first drive is sufficiently powerful to hold the toroidal workpiece during processing. This enables simple and safe machining on all sides, in particular of toroidal workpieces, in one set-up.
• the pivot axis housing within which the second drive is preferably arranged, is preferably arranged on a slide which is movable in the main machine body along a linear axis, and in particular relative to the Z slide.
• the assembly consisting of a machining table with a first drive and clamping device, L-shaped support element and pivot axis housing with a second drive is located on the slide, which is arranged movably along a linear axis, in particular the third linear axis X, in the main machine body.
• the Z slide is particularly preferably movable in the first and second linear axes and, in particular, is arranged vertically.
• the linear axes are also provided with drives.
• a simple structure of the machine tool can hereby be achieved.
• the main machine body of the machine tool is designed essentially as a portal machine, and for example C-shaped, with the assembly of support element, machining table and pivot axis housing, in particular on a slide, being arranged in the center of the portal-shaped main machine body.
• the drive of the axis of rotation and / or the pivot axis is preferably a torque motor.
• the first and second drive can have the smallest possible diameter, so that the first drive can be easily integrated into the machining table. This further improves accessibility to a workpiece on the machining table.
• the housing of the processing table is preferably only slightly larger than a diameter of the first drive.
• a transition between the first leg and the second leg of the L-shaped support element is designed in an arc-shaped manner.
• a thickness of the second leg is particularly preferably smaller than a thickness of the first leg. This further increases the space between the second leg and the machining table.
• the housing of the machining table is preferably designed to protrude in the direction of the pivot axis over the free end of the first leg.
• the processing table is arranged on the first leg at the maximum distance from the second leg, so that the space between the second leg and the processing table can be selected by choosing a length of the first leg of the L-shaped support element.
• a bevel is formed at the free end of the first leg on a side opposite the machining table.
• the bevel is preferred conical and enables collision-free machining on the inner and outer edges of a toric workpiece as well as on a lower or upper side of the toric workpiece.
• a cross section of the first leg of the carrier element is particularly preferably trapezoidal.
• a width on an upper side of the carrier element on which the processing table is arranged is wider than a width on the opposite underside. This also significantly simplifies the machining of the workpiece when it is pivoted through 180 ° about the pivot axis.
• the housing of the machining table is preferably cylindrical.
• a part of the main spindle and a tool holder mounted on it can be moved with the tool in the direction of the second linear axis below the pivot axis.
• the workpiece can also be machined in areas that are far below the pivot axis for the carrier element.
• the intermediate space forms a workpiece receiving area in which a part of the workpiece can be received. It is also possible to process areas of the workpiece that are located in the gap.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a machine tool according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention in a first position
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective view of the machine tool from FIG. 1 in a second position of the pivot axis rotated by 180 °.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic, perspective view of the machine tool from FIG. 1 in the first position with the workpiece clamped.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic, perspective view of the machine tool from FIG. 2 in the second position with the workpiece clamped.
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of the machine tool from FIG. 1 with the workpiece clamped in the first position
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic, perspective view of the machine tool from FIG. 2 in the second position with the workpiece clamped.
• 7 shows a schematic front view of the machine tool from FIG. 1 without a workpiece in the first position
• FIG 8 shows a schematic front view of the machine tool in a third position.
• a machine tool 1 according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
• the machine tool 1 comprises a machine main body 10, which is designed essentially in the form of a portal. It should be noted that other basic machine shapes are also possible.
• the machine tool 1 comprises a Z slide 2 with a main spindle 20.
• the main spindle 20 is set up to receive a tool holder 22 with a machining tool 21, for example a milling cutter (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
• the machine tool 1 further comprises a machining table 3 with a machining plane 30, wherein a workpiece 7 can be clamped on the machining table 3 by means of a clamping device 31.
• the workpiece 7 can be fastened to a pallet 33 and the pallet 33 can be clamped on the machining table 3 by means of the clamping device 31 (cf. FIGS. 3 and 6).
• the workpiece 7 In the 0 ° position of the pivot axis A, the workpiece 7 is essentially below the pallet 33 and thus in the processing plane 30.
• the processing table 3 lies within the workpiece 7.
• the processing plane 30 is preferably in the pivot axis A or in the 0 ° - Position below the swivel axis A.
• the machining table 3 has a first drive 5, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation B by 360 ° in both directions in order to rotate the clamping device 31 mounted on the machining table 3.
• the first drive 5 is completely received in a cylindrical housing 34.
• the machine tool 1 further comprises a carrier element 4 which is arranged on a pivot axis housing 35 of the machine main body 10.
• the carrier element 4 can be pivoted about a pivot axis A relative to the pivot axis housing 35 by means of a second drive 6.
• the carrier element 4 is an L-shaped, self-supporting arm with a first leg 41 and a second leg 42 arranged (see. Figures 1 and 2).
• the processing table 3 is placed on the first leg 41 of the L-shaped carrier.
• the machining table 3 with the housing 34 in which the first drive 5 is arranged is arranged at the free end of the first limb 41 on the first limb 41. This results in a substantially U-shaped unit, comprising the carrier element 4 and the processing table 3.
• Troical workpiece 7 are clamped so that part of the workpiece 7 is located in the space 8 and this is freely rotatable with the aid of the axis of rotation B.
• a machining tool 21 mounted on the main spindle 20 can be moved into the machining plane 30, even if the pivot axis A is not at 0 ° or 180 ° (see FIG. 8).
• the toroidal workpiece 7 can thus be machined from all sides in one set-up.
• a part of the main spindle 20 and the tool holder with the tool mounted on it can be moved in the direction of the second linear axis Z to below the pivot axis A. In this way, for example, deep bores can also be made in the workpiece 7.
• the carrier element 4 together with the machining table 3 can also be rotated about the pivot axis A, machining of the workpiece 7 on the side of the workpiece 7 facing the carrier element 4 is also possible without any problems.
• the workpiece 7 can also be rotated about the axis of rotation B, so that the areas of the workpiece 7 which are covered by the carrier element 4 in this position can also be machined. Machining of the workpiece 7 in an inclined position, as indicated in FIG. 8, is also possible.
• the processing table is positioned on the first leg 41 in such a way that the processing table protrudes in the direction of the pivot axis A beyond the free end of the first leg 41 (cf. FIG. 5).
• the first leg 41 has an upper side 41a, which is directed towards the intermediate space 8, and an opposite lower side 41b.
• a bevel 9 is formed on the underside 41b at the free end of the first leg 41.
• a collision-free machining of the workpiece 7 can be carried out by the bevel 9 in a position pivoted by 180 ° about the pivot axis A (FIG. 6) the tool 21 take place.
• the bevel 9 By combining the bevel 9 with the one on the free end of the machining table 3 protruding in the direction of the pivot axis A, machining on an inner side of the toroidal workpiece 7 can also be made possible.
• the bevel 9 prevents a collision between the main spindle 20 and the carrier element 4.
• a cross section of the first leg 41 of the carrier element 4 is trapezoidal.
• a width on the top side 41a on which the machining table 3 is arranged is wider than a width on the opposite underside 41b.
• the carrier element 4 becomes slimmer on the underside 41b, so that in the machining position shown by 180 ° in FIG. 6, in particular a lateral machining of the toroidal workpiece 7 is simplified.
• the first and second drive 5, 6 is preferably a torque motor with a high torque.
• the carrier element 4 and the processing table 3 together with the first and second drive 5, 6 are provided as a preassembled assembly.
• the Z slide 2 can be moved in two directions, namely a first linear axis Y and a second linear axis Z perpendicular thereto.
• the pivot axis housing 35 is arranged on a slide 32.
• the slide 32 can be moved along a third linear axis X.
• the linear axes for the relative movement between the swivel axis housing 35 with support element 4 and the machining table 3 and Z slide 2 with the main spindle 20 can also be divided differently, for example the swivel axis housing 35 together with the carrier element 4 and the machining table 3 can also be divided into the be movable in three directions X, Y, Z.
• the tool holder 22 mounted on the main spindle 20 can be rotated about a spindle axis 23.
• the spindle axis 23 is aligned in the vertical direction.
• the main spindle 20 is attached to the Z slide 2.
• the machining plane 30 can be swiveled into any position in a work space of the machine tool 1 by rotation about the swivel axis A.
• a 5-axis machine tool 1 is thus provided, in which the machining tool 21 can also be rotated about the spindle axis 23. As can be seen in particular from FIGS.
• 3 to 6 which show a workpiece 7 clamped on the machining table 3 with a pallet 33 on the clamping device 31, the inventive design of the carrier element 4 as an L-shaped carrier arm enables the workpiece 7 to be machined in a single Clamping take place.
• 3 and 5 show a first position for the machining, in which the workpiece 7, which in this embodiment is a flow component with a plurality of circumferentially arranged blades, is arranged in the horizontal plane at an O p position of the pivot axis A. In this way, for example, machining of the workpiece 7 from above by means of the machining tool 21 clamped into the main spindle 20 by a tool holder 22 is possible without restriction.
• FIGS. 4 and 6 show a second machining position, in which the machining table 3 and the carrier element 4 have been rotated by 180 ° about the pivot axis A by means of the second drive 6.
• the pivot axis A is preferably located in the machining plane 30, the position of the workpiece 7 relative to the linear axes X, Y and Z in the working area of the machine tool 1 hardly changes due to the 180 ° rotation of the pivot axis A. It is in roughly the same place, just turned around 180 °.
• the workpiece 7 can be machined at other swivel angles than the swivel axis A, since the machining tool 21 can be moved well below the swivel axis A, see FIG. 8.
• the machining table 3 is essentially located inside the workpiece 7 and the L-shaped support element 4 is provided as a cantilever arm, which is pivotably mounted on the pivot axis housing 35 only in the area of the second leg 42, the workpiece 7 can be machined all around.
• the clamping device 31 can be rotated on the machining table 3 by the first drive 5 about the axis of rotation B, which is perpendicular to the machining plane 30, so that the workpiece 7 can be machined from all sides without any problems.
• the processing plane 30 lies within the toroidal workpiece 7.
• the first drive 5 is completely received in the housing 34 of the processing table 3, so that the first leg 41 of the carrier element 4 can be made very slim and flat. Furthermore, the L-shaped support element 4 allows the pivot axis A to be arranged in such a way that it always lies in the processing plane 30 of the processing table 3 or that it lies below the clamping device 31 for the 0 ° position of the pivot axis A. This can be seen in detail from FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the housing 34 of the machining table 3 has a diameter D1.
• the diameter D1 is somewhat larger than a width 40 of the carrier element 4 (cf. FIGS. 4 and 7).
• the toroidal workpiece 7 can be clamped on the machining table 3 in such a way that a drive axis of the first drive 5 is located in the center of the toroidal workpiece 7.
• the gap 8 thus leaves sufficient space for the toroidal workpiece 7, in particular between the second leg 42 and the housing 34 of the machining table 3, in order to clamp the workpiece 7 in the machining plane 30.
• the lengths of the first and second legs 41, 42 of the L-shaped carrier element 4 are adapted depending on the requirements of the workpiece 7 to be machined in order to be able to clamp it securely in the machining plane 30.
• the L-shaped support element 4 with an arcuate transition between the first and second legs 41, 42 thus enables a free-standing machining table 3, so that a toric workpiece 7, as shown in FIG Located essentially within the toroidal workpiece 7. In other words, the toroidal workpiece 7 can be slipped over the machining table 3, for example.
• the L-shaped support element 4 is designed to be sufficiently stable because, in addition to the workpiece 7, the pallet 33 and the clamping device 31, it also has to support the first drive 5 for the machining table 3.
• the width 40 of the L-shaped support element 4 is selected to be smaller than the diameter D1 of the housing 34 of the processing table 3, so that the workpiece 7 to be processed can be accessed from all sides as well as possible.
• the first leg 41 is usually longer than the second leg 42, preferably at least twice as long.
• the L-shaped support element 4 and a housing 34 of the machining table 3 with an integrated first drive 5 can be both two separate components and a component unit.
• the L-shaped support element 4 can also have an integrated flange in order to enable simple attachment to a shaft of the pivot axis A in the pivot axis housing 35.
• a machine tool 1 can be provided which, by means of a carrier element 4 cantilevered by a machining table 3, allows machining of workpieces 7, in particular toric workpieces 7 such as, for example Makes flow components, especially BLINGs, possible in one setting.
• the carrier element 4 and the machining table 3 arranged on the carrier element 4 form a U-shaped unit with the space 8 between the second leg 42 and the housing 34 of the machining table 3, so that the workpiece 7 also extends deep into the space 8 the machining table 3 can be clamped, with the advantages explained above during machining.
• the machining accuracy of such workpieces 7 can be significantly improved.
• a reduction in the processing time can also be achieved as a result.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Machine Tool Units (AREA)
• Milling Processes (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (23)

• 2020
  • 2020-03-12 DE DE102020203185.1A patent/DE102020203185A1/de active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-02-24 WO PCT/EP2021/054532 patent/WO2021180472A1/de unknown
  • 2021-02-24 US US17/909,895 patent/US20230099331A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-02-24 CN CN202180020580.9A patent/CN115279546A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-02-24 JP JP2022554476A patent/JP7559077B2/ja active Active
  • 2021-02-24 EP EP21707973.0A patent/EP4117856A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-03-04 TW TW110107690A patent/TWI783397B/zh active

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