EP4101179A1 - Dispositif de conversion de son à filtre acoustique - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion de son à filtre acoustique

Info

Publication number
EP4101179A1
EP4101179A1 EP21703669.8A EP21703669A EP4101179A1 EP 4101179 A1 EP4101179 A1 EP 4101179A1 EP 21703669 A EP21703669 A EP 21703669A EP 4101179 A1 EP4101179 A1 EP 4101179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
volume
sound channel
partial volume
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21703669.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan KÜLLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP4101179A1 publication Critical patent/EP4101179A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G10K11/04—Acoustic filters ; Acoustic resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/48—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception using constructional means for obtaining a desired frequency response

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a device for sound conversion, and in particular, to a device for sound conversion with a device for matching the acoustic impedance (acoustic filter). Further exemplary embodiments relate to an acoustic filter.
  • every sound transducer has a different electroacoustic behavior and reacts differently to acoustic loads, such as the human ear.
  • a particular problem here is that systems with a high quality, such as MEMS loudspeakers, (1) are often difficult to dampen and if the damping is incorrect or insufficient, damage to the transducer can occur, and (2) usually only efficient in a narrow frequency range are.
  • the efficiency of the sound transducer is conventionally not optimally used due to incorrect or inadequate sound guidance measures. This leads to a loss of sound pressure level (SPL) in certain frequency ranges and / or to a limitation of the mechanical load capacity.
  • SPL sound pressure level
  • Narrow-band filters are known. These usually have a negative effect on the phase and the sound. In addition, these are associated with complex signal processing and / or static predistortion.
  • External acoustic filter elements are also known. These usually consist of several different materials and often have to be manufactured / integrated in a complex manner become. In addition, external acoustic filter elements usually have a very broadband effect and are therefore not matched to the sound transducer used.
  • an earphone with an earphone housing and an element for providing sound which comprises a sound guide tube and one or more drivers.
  • the earphone housing contains one or more housing ports that couple the internal housing volume to the volume outside the earphone.
  • a sealed headphone having a shielding pad attached to the front of a mounting plate provided with sound openings, an electroacoustic transducer attached to the rear of the mounting plate, a housing covering the electroacoustic transducer, a coupling opening for coupling a space in front of the mounting plate with a space behind the mounting plate and a resonance circuit of an acoustic-mechanical system, consisting of the volume springs of the spaces in front of and behind the mounting plate and an acoustic mass reactance of the coupling opening.
  • a headset which enables a user to switch between different frequency responses for the headset by manipulating mechanical acoustic elements of the headset.
  • the acoustic elements enable the adjustment of the transmission paths between a transducer element in the headset and the ear canal of the user as well as the adjustment of the resonance properties of the headset housing itself and through the use of various resistive elements along such transmission paths.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of improving the existing situation.
  • Embodiments create a device for sound conversion, the device having a sound channel and a sound transducer which is coupled to the sound channel, the device having an acoustic low-pass filter which is arranged in the sound channel.
  • the device can have a micro-perforated plate which is arranged in the sound channel between the sound transducer and the acoustic low-pass filter.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter can divide a volume of the sound channel occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter into a first sub-volume and at least one second sub-volume, the first sub-volume and the at least one second sub-volume being coupled via at least one slot.
  • the at least one second partial volume can be coupled to the sound transducer exclusively via the first partial volume.
  • the first partial volume can be surrounded concentrically by the at least one second partial volume.
  • the at least one slot can expand in the direction of the sound channel.
  • the first sub-volume can be an inner sub-volume, the at least one second sub-volume being at least an outer sub-volume.
  • the inner sub-volume and the at least one outer sub-volume can be coupled to one another via a plurality of slots, the plurality of slots being arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis of rotation of the sound channel.
  • the micro-perforated plate can be matched to the sound transducer.
  • a hole diameter, a hole spacing and / or a thickness of the micro-perforated plate can be matched to the sound transducer.
  • the micro-perforated plate can have a defined distance from the sound transducer, which determines the target frequency range (for example at 3 kHz). The closer the micro-perforated plate is to the transducer, the higher the shift in the target frequency range.
  • the hole diameter, the hole spacing and / or the plate thickness determine the degree of damping.
  • the micro-perforated plate can be designed to attenuate an acoustic high-midrange region.
  • the high-midrange depends on the size and can, for example, be in the range from 800 Hz to 20 kHz. In this case, however, the micro-perforated plate is not able to dampen the resonance frequency (e.g. at 9 kHz), since the acoustic resistance of the micro-perforated plate is not sufficient for this.
  • the micro-perforated plate can be designed to shift a sound energy into a target frequency range.
  • the Schaiikanal can be rotationally symmetrical.
  • the Schaiikanal can be a first Schaiikanal, which is coupled to a first side of the sound transducer, wherein the device has a second Schaiikanal, which is coupled to a second side of the sound transducer opposite the first side.
  • the second sound channel can be cylindrical.
  • the second sound channel can be a reflex channel (e.g. reflex tube).
  • a reflex channel e.g. reflex tube
  • This can be dimensioned in such a way that it dampens the resonance.
  • the acoustic pressure at resonance on the sound transducer is so great that the resonance breaks down into partial vibrations of the sound transducer membrane and is thus dampened. This also relieves the mechanical load on the transducer.
  • the sound transducer can be a loudspeaker or a microphone.
  • the device can be an ear canal receiver, a smart headphone / earphone, a hearing aid, a loudspeaker or a microphone.
  • the sound transducer can be a MEMS sound transducer.
  • FIG. 1 For example so that the device for adapting the acoustic impedance has a low-pass character).
  • exemplary embodiments create an acoustic low-pass filter for a sound transducer, the acoustic low-pass filter being designed to divide a volume occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter of a sound channel coupled to a sound transducer into a first sub-volume and at least one second sub-volume, the first sub-volume and the at least one second partial volume are coupled via at least one slot.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device for sound conversion, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the acoustic low-pass filter shown in FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the acoustic low-pass filter shown in FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a device for switching conversion, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an acoustic low-pass filter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of an acoustic low-pass filter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • the device 100 has a sound channel 102 and a sound transducer 104, which is coupled to the sound channel 102. Furthermore, the device 100 has a device 106 for adapting the acoustic impedance, which device is arranged in the sound channel 102.
  • the device 106 for adapting the acoustic impedance here has a low-pass character.
  • the device 106 for adapting the acoustic impedance is an acoustic low-pass filter.
  • the device 100 can optionally have a micro-perforated plate 108, which is arranged in the sound channel 102 between the sound transducer 104 and the acoustic low-pass filter 106.
  • the sound transducer can be, for example, a MEMS sound transducer or a miniature sound transducer.
  • the sound transducer is a MEMS sound transducer.
  • the following description is equally applicable to other sound transducers, such as a miniature sound transducer.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can divide a volume 110 of the sound channel 102 occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter 106 into a first partial volume (e.g. first partial air volume) and at least one second partial volume (e.g. second partial air volume), the first partial volume and the at least one second partial volume are coupled via at least one slot, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • a first partial volume e.g. first partial air volume
  • second partial volume e.g. second partial air volume
  • the sound channel 102 is cylindrical.
  • the invention is not restricted to such exemplary embodiments; rather, the sound channel 102 can also have any other suitable shape.
  • the sound channel can be rotationally symmetrical (for example in relation to an axis of rotation 116 which extends along the Sound channel or in the direction of sound propagation). It is also possible for the sound channel 102 to be curved. A length of the sound channel 102 determines the degree of damping.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the acoustic low-pass filter 106 of the device 100 shown in FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the acoustic low-pass filter 106 shown in FIG. 2, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can be designed to convert a volume 110 (see FIG. 1) of the sound channel 102 occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter 106 into a first partial volume 112_1 and at least a second partial volume 112_2 to be divided, wherein the first partial volume 112_1 and the at least one second partial volume 112J2 are coupled via at least one slot 114.
  • the at least one slot 114 can have a width of 50-100 ⁇ m.
  • the first partial volume 112_1 can be an inner partial volume
  • the at least one second partial volume 112_2 is at least an outer partial volume that surrounds the inner partial volume (for example concentrically).
  • the at least one second sub-volume 112_2 (e.g. outer sub-volume) is coupled to the first sub-volume 112_1 and thus to the MEMS sound transducer 104 of the device 100 exclusively via the at least one slot 114.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can be designed to substantially enclose the at least one second partial volume, i.e., up to the at least one slot 114, firmly in order to obtain a substantially, i.e., except for the at least one slot 114, closed partial volume.
  • the at least one slot 114 can extend along the sound channel 102, for example in the direction of sound propagation, such as, for example, in the direction of sound propagation. B. parallel to the axis 116 (see Fig. 1). If the sound channel 102 and thus also the direction of sound propagation are curved, the at least one slot 114 can of course also be curved or adapt to the curvature of the sound channel or the direction of sound propagation.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 is designed to divide the volume 110 occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter 106 into exactly one first sub-volume 112_1 (e.g.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can of course also be designed to divide the volume 110 occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter 106 into more than two partial volumes, such as, for example, into three or four partial volumes.
  • the first sub-volume 112_1 eg inner sub-volume
  • the first sub-volume 112_1 can be coupled to each of the other sub-volumes (outer sub-volumes) via at least one slot in each case.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a device 100 for sound conversion, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a basic structure of the sound guide for a MEMS loudspeaker for in-
  • the device 100 has a first sound channel 102 and a MEMS sound transducer (e.g. MEMS loudspeaker with chamber) 104, the first sound channel 102 being coupled to a first side of the MEMS sound transducer 104. Furthermore, the device 100 has an acoustic low-pass filter 106 which is arranged in the first sound channel 102. Furthermore, the device 100 can optionally have a micro-perforated plate 108, which is arranged in the first sound channel 102 between the MEMS sound transducer 104 and the acoustic low-pass filter 106. Furthermore, the device 100 can optionally have a second sound channel (e.g. reflex tube) 118, which is coupled to a second side of the MEMS sound transducer 104 opposite the first side.
  • a MEMS sound transducer e.g. MEMS loudspeaker with chamber
  • FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an acoustic low-pass filter (acoustic filter element with low-pass characteristic), according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of an acoustic low-pass filter (acoustic filter element with low-pass characteristic), according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can be designed to convert a volume 110 (see FIG. 1) of the sound channel 102 occupied by the acoustic low-pass filter 106 into a first partial volume 112_1 and a second partial volume 112_2 to be divided, wherein the first partial volume 112_1 and the second partial volume 112_2 are coupled via one or more slots 114, such as, for example, via four slots.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can thus have a filter sound channel 107 which forms the first partial volume 112_1 (and, for example, guides the sound generated by the MEMS sound transducer 104), the filter sound channel 107 via at least one slot 114 an otherwise closed chamber of the acoustic low-pass filter 106, which surrounds the filter sound channel 107 (eg concentrically) and which forms the second partial volume 112_2.
  • the slots 114 ensure a reduction in the acoustic speed in the high-frequency range due to thermoviscous losses in the filter sound channel 107 (low-pass effect).
  • the low-pass effect results from the fact that the lower frequencies pass the filter sound channel 107 unfiltered, since the boundary layer thickness for lower frequencies is greater than the slots 114. This means that the lower frequencies are passed on unhindered.
  • FIG. 7 shows in a diagram a setpoint frequency response 200, a frequency response 202 of a conventional in-ear headphone and a frequency response 204 of an in-ear headphone according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • the ordinate describes the sound pressure level in dB and the abscissa the frequency.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sound pressure level comparison between a conventional (non-optimized) sound guide design and an inventive (optimized) sound guide design of an in-ear headphones on a target curve for in-ear applications.
  • the device 100 e.g. a MEMS in-ear headphone design
  • filter elements e.g. acoustic low-pass filter 106, micro-perforated plate 108, second sound channel 118
  • a targeted transmission frequency response that are matched to the MEMS sound transducer 104.
  • the device 100 can include a micro-perforated plate (MPP) 108.
  • the micro-perforated plate 108 can have a defined distance from the sound transducer 104 and / or a defined dimension. The micro-perforated plate 108 shifts sound energy to lower frequencies.
  • the micro-perforated plate 108 can be matched to the sound transducer 104.
  • a micro-perforated plate 108 matched to the sound transducer 104 ensures attenuation in the high-midrange and a shift of the sound energy into a target frequency range.
  • the micro-perforated plate 108 thus acts as an acoustic resistor, which more or less allows certain frequency components to pass through.
  • the micro-perforated plate 108 and the sound channel 118 can be adapted or coordinated (interact together).
  • a back volume of the sound transducer 104 can be defined.
  • the smaller the back volume of the sound transducer 104, the smaller the sound channel 118 ( second sound channel).
  • the device 100 can have an acoustic low-pass filter 106.
  • the acoustic low-pass filter 106 can have a sound channel in the interior of the filter 106 and slots 114 and air volume 112_2 on the outer edge of the filter 106.
  • the acoustic low pass filter 106 may have four or more slots 114.
  • the slots 114 can have a width of 50-100 ⁇ m in width.
  • a length of the filter geometry is variable.
  • Embodiments of the present invention create one or more of the advantages described below.
  • Embodiments make it possible to achieve a target curve.
  • Embodiments make it possible to print the sound guide completely three-dimensionally (e.g. with a 3D printer). Individual elements are no longer necessary.
  • the acoustic filter 106 is customizable. A change in length determines the degree of attenuation.
  • the acoustic filter 106 is volume independent.
  • the dimension of the slots determines the degree of attenuation.
  • Embodiments make it possible to reliably achieve the target curve, even in the case of deviations between sound transducers of the same type. In the case of exemplary embodiments, little or no signal processing is necessary in order to achieve the target curve.
  • narrow-band filters are no longer necessary, which has positive effects on phase and sound quality.
  • Embodiments allow a mechanical relief of the sound transducer and thereby a better performance or greater load capacity.
  • Embodiments described here can be used for sound guidance / filtering for in-ear headphones, hearables, hearing aids, micromachines, MEMS microphones, MEMS speakers, smartphone speakers (micro speakers).
  • Embodiments create a device 100 (e.g. a MEMS in-ear
  • Headphone design with filter elements matched to the MEMS sound transducer 104 (e.g. acoustic low-pass filter 106, micro-perforated plate 108, second sound channel 118) with a targeted transmission frequency response.
  • MEMS sound transducer 104 e.g. acoustic low-pass filter 106, micro-perforated plate 108, second sound channel 118
  • Embodiments use the thermoviscous effect to filter high frequencies, as well as several precisely dimensioned filter elements.
  • Embodiments dampen the frequency response upwards.
  • the filter is independent of its enclosed volume; the dimensioning of the slots is much more decisive.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion de son, ledit dispositif comprenant un canal acoustique et un transducteur acoustique couplé au canal acoustique, comprenant également un filtre acoustique passe-bas disposé dans le canal acoustique.
EP21703669.8A 2020-02-07 2021-02-04 Dispositif de conversion de son à filtre acoustique Pending EP4101179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020201533.3A DE102020201533A1 (de) 2020-02-07 2020-02-07 Vorrichtung zur schallwandlung mit einem akustischen filter
PCT/EP2021/052648 WO2021156357A1 (fr) 2020-02-07 2021-02-04 Dispositif de conversion de son à filtre acoustique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4101179A1 true EP4101179A1 (fr) 2022-12-14

Family

ID=74556912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21703669.8A Pending EP4101179A1 (fr) 2020-02-07 2021-02-04 Dispositif de conversion de son à filtre acoustique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20220377454A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4101179A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023513170A (fr)
KR (1) KR20220140767A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020201533A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021156357A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11640816B1 (en) * 2022-02-23 2023-05-02 Acoustic Metamaterials LLC Metamaterial acoustic impedance matching device for headphone-type devices

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102020201533A1 (de) 2021-08-12
KR20220140767A (ko) 2022-10-18
US20220377454A1 (en) 2022-11-24
WO2021156357A1 (fr) 2021-08-12
JP2023513170A (ja) 2023-03-30

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