Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
  • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
  • E04H6/12—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles
  • E04H6/18—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions
  • E04H6/22—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions characterised by use of movable platforms for horizontal transport, i.e. cars being permanently parked on palettes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a parking facility for motor vehicles, comprising a parking rack with two or more parking grids arranged next to one another, in particular in a row, and a plurality of parking levels arranged one above the other, wherein the parking levels comprise an uppermost parking level, a lowermost parking level and at least one intermediate level therebetween, and at least one parking level can be connected to an access road, wherein the parking rack defines parking spaces for the motor vehicles at intersection areas of the parking grids with the parking levels and the parking rack has at least one empty space in the at least one intermediate level, wherein the parking facility further comprises receiving devices for the motor vehicles, which receiving devices can be positioned in the parking spaces.
• Such parking facilities are known in which, for reasons of access time and structural design, exactly one intermediate level is provided between the top and bottom parking levels.
• the access road for accessing the parking bays on the intermediate level is located at the intermediate level.
• the parking bays can be moved horizontally within the intermediate level.
• Lifting devices are coupled to the parking bays on the top and bottom parking levels so that motor vehicles can also be parked on the top and bottom parking levels.
• the DE 10 2004 024 066 A1 describes a parking facility with parking platforms that can be raised and lowered vertically by means of chains and moved horizontally by means of drive wheels.
• the EP 2 330 262 A2 Describes an automated parking system in which electric vehicles can be charged in at least one charging space while parked.
• the vehicles are transported from a transfer area in a transport grid in a vertical direction to a parking level and then moved sideways into the parking space.
• the vehicles can be relocated, for example, after the charging process is complete, to release the charging space.
• the US 6 328 521 B1 discloses a parking facility for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.
• position and orientation information is to be understood as relating to the intended installation and use of the parking facility.
• the parking grids are vertically oriented and preferably vertically aligned.
• the parking levels are preferably horizontally aligned.
• Such position and orientation information may include, for example, "above,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” and the like.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic parking system for motor vehicles with which an increased parking space density can be achieved with acceptable access time.
• the respective receiving device can assume at least two positions in at least one intermediate level.
• the positions include a transport position and at least one passing position.
• the receiving device In the transport position, the receiving device can couple with the at least one lifting element and can thereby be raised or lowered.
• the receiving device In at least one passing position, the receiving device is displaced within the parking grid relative to the transport position such that the at least one lifting element can be moved past the receiving device, i.e., can pass it.
• Transverse displacements in the at least one intermediate level can be kept as small as possible in this way.
• the at least one lifting element can be transported to a receiving device in a further parking level and preferably coupled with this for vertical transport. This makes it possible, for example, even when more As three parking grids stacked on top of each other, access times to the reception facilities are kept relatively short.
• a high parking density is preferably achieved in the parking rack.
• the displacement by means of the at least one displacement device takes place in particular in a transverse direction of the parking rack, transversely and in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the receiving device.
• the receiving devices can, for example, be placed on supporting structures that are fixed to the parking rack or formed by it.
• the control device controls the at least one displacement device and the at least one lifting device.
• the control device preferably includes information about the parking space at which a receiving device is located.
• the receiving devices are preferably individualized or identifiable, so that the control device knows at which position within the parking rack each receiving device is located.
• vertical transport of receiving devices takes place only from the parking level to which the access road is connected to a parking level in which the intended parking space for a motor vehicle is located, and vice versa.
• parking spaces can be assigned to individual users or user profiles, whereby relevant links between parking spaces and users or user profiles can be stored in the control device.
• the entrance level can, in particular, be any of the parking levels. However, the entrance level is preferably an intermediate level.
• the at least one shifting device allows the receiving devices to be shifted into at least one adjacent parking grid.
• a parking space within a parking grid can be cleared for vertical transport during the loading and/or unloading of vehicles using other receiving devices. It can be provided that the shifting is possible into two parking grids, each located to the side of the parking grid to be cleared.
• the receiving devices on the top level and/or on the bottom level are designed to assume the transport position and the at least one passing position. This can prove advantageous, for example, if the receiving devices on the top and/or bottom level are to be lowered or raised by means of the at least one lifting element.
• the ratio of a displacement path of the receiving device from the transport position to the at least one passing position—corresponding to a lateral offset of both positions—to a width of the receiving device is preferably less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.25, and even more preferably less than 0.2.
• the ratio can be approximately 0.03 to 0.1.
• the receiving devices can be designed to extend partially into an adjacent parking grid in at least one passing position. This allows for a compact design of the parking rack.
• the receiving devices in the end grids arranged at the end of the parking rack are advantageously designed to protrude laterally from the end grid in at least one passing position.
• the parking grids arranged side by side comprise, in particular, a first end grid and a second end grid, which are arranged on opposite sides of the parking rack. In the passing position, the receiving devices can be moved away. be shifted from the adjacent parking grid and in particular protrude from the end grid.
• the receiving devices are designed to assume two passing positions, in which they are displaced in two directions away from each other relative to the transport position. This provides the parking facility with a high degree of versatility. Depending on which passing position is most advantageous, particularly with regard to short access times, the receiving device can be displaced into a first passing position or into a second passing position, with the directions of displacement facing away from each other.
• the respective lateral offset of the passing positions is identical to the transport position.
• an axis defined by the receiving device is aligned with an axis defined by the respective parking grid.
• the axes are spaced apart from each other.
• control device is designed to move the receiving devices such that they assume at least one passing position in at least one home position.
• the home position can be assumed, in particular, when no storage or retrieval process is taking place. If such a process is initiated, the at least one lifting element can be moved past the receiving devices in a time-saving manner, thereby minimizing access time.
• the receiving devices are positioned one above the other within a respective grid and shifted into a passing position.
• the receiving devices are only shifted into the transport positions when a motor vehicle is to be stored or retrieved using the respective receiving device.
• control device is designed to displace the receiving devices in such a way that, in the absence of the actuation of the at least one lifting device and the at least one shifting device (for example when no storage or retrieval process is taking place), at least one parking grid in the at least one intermediate level, in particular in all intermediate levels, is/are free of a receiving device and if the receiving devices of the remaining parking grids are displaced into a passing position in a direction away from the first-mentioned parking grid. At least one parking grid is thereby cleared in the at least one intermediate level. In the remaining parking grids, the receiving devices assume a passing position if necessary in order to enable movement of the at least one lifting element past the receiving devices.
• receiving devices in end grids arranged at the end of the parking rack are moved into a passing position in the direction outwards from the end grid.
• the parking rack preferably has more than three parking levels.
• the parking rack preferably has at least one empty space, and in particular exactly one empty space. This proves advantageous for reducing access times.
• empty spaces can be arranged one above the other to clear a parking grid as explained above by moving the receiving devices transversely in the parking levels.
• At least one guide device for guiding the movement of the at least one lifting element is arranged or formed on each parking grid.
• reliable operation of the parking system is preferably ensured.
• the guide can ensure a clearly defined relative position of the receiving device and the parking rack during vertical transport.
• the guide device preferably comprises a first guide element formed by the parking rack, for example, by a vertical support of the parking rack, and at least one second guide element arranged on or formed by at least one lifting element.
• the at least one second guide element can in particular be a guide roller or a sliding guide element on the lifting element.
• a guide is provided in at least two spatial directions. This can be, in particular, a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of the parking rack, corresponding to a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of the receiving device.
• the at least one lifting element engages the vertical support in a form-fitting manner and can be moved or shifted along the vertical support. This enables reliable operation of the lifting device with a compact design.
• the at least one lifting device comprises at least one pulling element and a drive unit which is coupled indirectly or directly to the at least one lifting element via the pulling element.
• the at least one traction element is advantageously a chain, a toothed belt or a rope.
• the lifting device can comprise a drivable drive shaft that connects to the chain, toothed belt, or rope.
• the lifting element can be raised or lowered.
• the parking facility can comprise a lifting device, in particular precisely one lifting device, associated with each parking grid.
• a lifting device in particular precisely one lifting device, associated with each parking grid.
• multiple lifting devices can be provided, corresponding to the number of parking grids.
• the receiving devices can be raised and lowered using the respective at least one lifting device. In particular, this allows vertical movements to be performed simultaneously in different parking grids.
• the corresponding control can be performed by the control device.
• the parking facility comprises two or more lifting devices, with at least one lifting device being assigned to the lifting elements of two or more parking grids. Provision can be made for the receiving devices of two or more parking grids to be transported vertically using only one lifting device. Provision can be made for the lifting device to transport only one receiving device within a parking grid at a time, whereas the receiving devices in the at least one further parking grid assume, for example, a passing position. Alternatively, provision can be made for simultaneous vertical transport to be carried out in two or more parking grids.
• a parking system in a preferred embodiment may prove particularly advantageous in which the parking system comprises a lifting device that is assigned to lifting elements of all parking grids, wherein in particular one lifting device is provided for the lifting elements of all parking grids.
• the lifting device can in particular have only one drive unit for the entire parking rack.
• the drive unit is coupled, for example, to the lifting elements of the respective parking grids.
• vertical transport can be carried out within the parking grid. This includes the possibility of carrying out vertical transport within two or more parking grids or only within one parking grid.
• the lifting device which is assigned to two or more parking grids, preferably comprises a drive unit and at least one drive element coupled to the at least one lifting element of the respective parking grid.
• the drive element is, for example, a drive shaft, which can be coupled to the aforementioned traction element.
• each parking grid for the vertical transport of the receiving devices of this parking grid.
• at least one lifting element is provided at the front and rear of the parking rack. This makes it possible to raise or lower the receiving device, particularly at a front and rear side, using the lifting elements.
• the longitudinal direction can, for example, coincide with the direction of entry into a parking grid.
• Front, front, rear, back/rear in this case refer particularly to the intended use of the parking facility.
• the parking bay is accessed in a forward direction.
• the front of the parking bay is located specifically at the front of the parking bay and the side of the parking bay where the front of the vehicle is located.
• the rear of the parking bay is located specifically at the rear of the parking bay and the side where the rear of the vehicle is located.
• the front is the side facing away from the entrance to the parking space.
• the at least one lifting device includes a synchronization device that mechanically couples the at least one lifting element at the front and the at least one lifting element at the rear to the parking grid.
• the synchronization device can ensure reliable operation of the lifting device, for example, by preventing the lifting elements from jamming.
• the synchronizing device comprises a chain, a belt, or a coupling shaft with angular gears connected to the drive shafts of the at least one lifting device, each of which is coupled to at least one of the lifting elements and is operatively connected to one another.
• This provides the possibility of a passive synchronizing device, whereby the synchronizing device can preferably be limited to a single drive unit.
• an electronic synchronization device can be provided in which, for example, two electric drive units are interconnected in such a way that the lifting elements at the front and rear can be moved vertically synchronously, for example via the drive shafts.
• each parking grid for the vertical transport of the receiving devices of this parking grid, with two lifting elements at the front of the parking rack and two lifting elements at the rear are arranged on the parking rack, for coupling to opposite sides of the receiving device.
• the four lifting elements couple to the receiving device at or near corner areas of the receiving device.
• two lifting elements are arranged at the front and two lifting elements at the rear, with the lifting elements preferably being positioned on opposite sides, in particular at the front left and right and at the rear left and right.
• the at least one lifting element in particular the two or more and in particular four lifting elements of each parking grid, can only be coupled to the receiving devices of this parking grid. Accordingly, at least one lifting element is arranged on each parking grid, and this lifting element can only be activated with receiving devices within this parking grid.
• At least one lifting element is arranged on adjacent parking grids for coupling to the receiving devices of the respective adjacent parking grids when the receiving devices assume the transport position, whereas the lifting element does not couple to the receiving devices when they assume a passing position.
• This allows adjacent parking grids to "share" a lifting element, so to speak. If the receiving device of a respective parking grid assumes the transport position, it can couple to the lifting element. In the passing position of the receiving device, the lifting element can be moved past the receiving device.
• Such an embodiment proves advantageous, for example, when a common lifting device is assigned to the parking grids. Only the receiving device that assumes the transport position is moved vertically. Receptacles that are not to be moved can be moved into a passing position beforehand.
• At least one such lifting element can be provided at the front and rear of the parking rack, relative to a longitudinal direction of the receiving devices.
• two such lifting elements are provided at the front and rear, which can be coupled to the respective receiving device at or near the corner areas at the front left, front right, rear left and rear right.
• the at least one lifting element which can couple to the receiving devices of both parking grids, is preferably arranged on a vertical support where the parking grids adjoin one another.
• a guide element is preferably formed by the vertical support.
• the at least one lifting element preferably comprises or forms at least one support element, wherein the receiving devices preferably each comprise or form a holding element for resting on the at least one support element when the receiving devices assume the respective transport position.
• the holding element is, for example, a projection on the receiving device that can rest on the lifting element. This enables a structurally simple design of the parking facility.
• the at least one holding element is arranged, for example, immovably on the receiving device and/or on an end section.
• the at least one lifting element has two spaced-apart support elements that face a respective adjacent parking grid and are designed to couple with the receiving devices of this parking grid when they assume the transport position.
• this embodiment proves to be advantageous.
• One of the two support elements can be used with the respective holding element of the receiving device.
• the at least one support element preferably forms a centering area for aligning the at least one holding element and the at least one support element with each other. This simplifies the coupling of the receiving device to the lifting element, reduces the play of moving parts of the parking system while ensuring reliable function, and helps compensate for component tolerances.
• the centering area is or includes, for example, a recess and/or a centering bevel for the holding element.
• the receiving device can be hooked into the at least one lifting element on the parking grid in order to couple thereto and can be detached in order to be decoupled therefrom.
• the receiving device can be raised by moving the lifting element from below onto the holding element, which is then raised by means of the at least one lifting element.
• This achieves a particularly simple construction while simultaneously ensuring reliable function.
• the relative alignment of the lifting element to the holding element is thus made very simple.
• the respective receiving device is free of driven active elements in order to enable coupling with the at least one lifting element.
• the holding element is held immovably on the receiving device.
• active elements the design of the receiving device can be kept simple, which has a beneficial effect on manufacturing costs and functional reliability.
• a power supply for such active elements can also be provided on the receiving device. itself, for example via a battery or a tow cable.
• the parking facility includes at least one shifting device at each parking space for shifting a receiving device arranged at that parking space.
• an active shifting device with a drive unit for shifting the receiving device can be arranged at the front and rear of the parking rack.
• an (active) displacement device with a drive unit can be provided only at the front or only at the rear.
• the receiving device can be passively supported on the other side, for example, on a displacement device or support device.
• the receiving device runs passively on rollers or on a displacement track.
• the at least one displacement device in particular the plurality of displacement devices, is/are designed as a chain conveyor, a belt conveyor, or a roller conveyor.
• the receiving device can be displaced within a parking level by means of the chain, belt, or rollers.
• the at least one displacement device can define a contact plane that coincides with a support element of the receiving device.
• the contact plane is defined, for example, by the chain, the belt, or the rollers.
• the contact plane can, for example, be aligned parallel to a support plane of the receiving device for the vehicle and/or be aligned horizontally. In another embodiment, the contact plane can be inclined relative to a horizontal plane.
• the contact plane is aligned relative to a horizontal plane so that it slopes upwards from the front or rear of the parking rack toward the center of the rack.
• the rotation axes of the rollers or drive elements for the chain or belt can be aligned so that they slope upwards from the front or rear.
• Corresponding guide elements are preferably arranged on the displacement device and the receiving device to guide the displacement movement of the receiving device.
• a guide track can be arranged on the displacement device, against which guide rollers on the receiving device can rest, or vice versa.
• a plurality of guide rollers spaced relative to one another in the direction of displacement are arranged on the receiving device. It may be particularly advantageous in this case if, when the receiving device is moved from one parking grid to an adjacent parking grid, the guide rollers can abut against guideways of displacement devices of the adjacent parking grids in order to guide the displacement into the adjacent parking grid.
• the receiving device can preferably, when moving from one parking grid to an adjacent parking grid, temporarily simultaneously rest against the displacement devices of the two parking grids and, in particular, can rest on them.
• At least one support device is provided to support the receiving device when it is arranged at the parking space.
• the receiving device rests on the at least one support device.
• At least one support device is installed at each parking space.
• one support device can be installed at the front and one at the rear of the parking rack.
• the at least one displacement device forms the at least one support device, in particular if each displacement device forms a support device. Separate support devices can thus be avoided.
• the support device can be designed such that the receiving device can be supported as explained above and passively moves along on it during displacement. Accordingly, a passive displacement device, for example, can also form a support device.
• the receiving devices can preferably be carried in the parking space by the at least one carrying device.
• the at least one support device in particular the plurality of support devices, can be transferred at least in the at least one intermediate level from a carrying position, in which the at least one support device carries the receiving device at the parking space, into a release position and vice versa, in which release position the parking grid is released for vertical transport of the receiving devices by means of the at least one lifting device past the support device.
• the one or more support devices above or below can be transferred from the carrying position into the release position. In this way, the cross-section within the parking grid is released in such a way that the vertical transport of the receiving device to be moved is enabled.
• this also applies to the at least one support device, in particular the plurality of support devices, in the uppermost parking level and/or in the lowest parking level.
• a receiving device on the top parking level can first be lifted by the support device, after which the support device is moved into the release position to enable the downward transport of the receiving device.
• the support device is arranged rigidly and immovably on the parking rack, because the receiving device only needs to be placed on the support device and does not have to be transported downwards underneath it.
• the at least one carrying device for transferring from the carrying position to the release position and vice versa is pivotally mounted on the parking rack, in particular on a vertical support or a cross support.
• the at least one support device comprises a drive unit controllable by the control device for transferring from the carrying position to the release position and/or vice versa.
• the at least one support device is coupled to the at least one lifting element and/or the receiving device and can be transferred by means of the latter. Accordingly, an active transfer of the support device using the drive unit may be provided, or a passive transfer in which, for example, corresponding stops on the support device and the lifting element and/or the receiving device interact, in particular mechanically, to transfer the support device.
• the blocking element is arranged on the support device of the adjacent parking grid and is mechanically coupled to it.
• the blocking element can preferably be moved from a non-blocking position to the blocking position, and vice versa.
• the receiving devices are preferably designed as parking platforms, which can also be referred to as pallets.
• the parking facility advantageously comprises a sensor device coupled to the control device for determining the position of the respective receiving device within a parking grid, in particular the assumption of the transport position and/or the at least one passing position by the receiving device.
• the control device can control the at least one displacement device and the at least one lifting device, and if necessary, also the at least one carrying device.
• the sensor device is arranged, for example, on the at least one displacement device and/or on the at least one receiving device.
• the sensor device can be designed or effective optically and/or inductively and/or mechanically and/or contactlessly and/or with contact.
• the parking facility may include an electrical charging device, which comprises a charging unit on at least one receiving device, to which the motor vehicle positioned on the receiving unit can be coupled via at least one electrical connecting cable or inductively.
• an electrical charging device which comprises a charging unit on at least one receiving device, to which the motor vehicle positioned on the receiving unit can be coupled via at least one electrical connecting cable or inductively. This allows the battery of the motor vehicle to be charged while the vehicle is parked in the parking space. Electrical energy is supplied, for example, via trailing cables or, preferably, by contact closure if the receiving device is located in the parking space. For example, an electrical contact is provided for this purpose on the at least one support device.
• control device controls the at least one displacement device in such a way that displacements of a plurality of receiving devices within a parking level can be carried out with a time delay. In this way, mechanical loads on the parking rack can be minimized.
• the parking rack comprises at least one parking grid positioned adjacent to one of these parking grids transversely to the arrangement of the parking grids arranged side by side, and if, in at least one parking level, it is possible to drive between these parking grids with the vehicle.
• this can be understood in particular to mean that parking grids can be arranged one behind the other, relative to a direction of entry for the motor vehicle.
• the vehicle can be driven over at least one receiving device through at least one parking grid into a parking grid behind it. Accordingly, parking spaces in the parking rack can be mapped not only two-dimensionally be arranged horizontally and vertically, but three-dimensionally in two horizontal directions and the vertical.
• the parking rack is preferably constructed using steel construction.
• the parking rack can preferably be implemented using a single rack frame.
• the parking rack can comprise two or more rack frames, effectively shelving units.
• parking grids positioned side by side or one behind the other have separate rack frames.
• Two or more rack frames can be connected to each other or separated from each other.
• the Figures 1 and 2 show an advantageous embodiment of a parking facility according to the invention, designated overall by reference numeral 10.
• the parking facility 10 comprises a steel-constructed parking rack 12, in this case a rack frame.
• the parking rack 12 serves for parking motor vehicles 14 (hereinafter referred to as vehicles).
• Operations for storing and retrieving vehicles 14 can be initiated by a user by operating an operating unit or automatically and controlled by the control device of the present automatic parking facility 10.
• the user preferably drives into an empty receiving facility in the parking grid in which the vehicle is to be stored.
• the parking rack 12 is positioned on a support surface 16 and comprises interconnected vertical supports 18, which extend vertically, as well as interconnecting, horizontally extending cross supports 20.
• longitudinal supports can be provided ( Fig. 1 ).
• the parking rack 12 has a plurality of parking grids 22 arranged laterally next to one another in a row. End grids 24 are arranged at the ends on opposite sides of the parking rack 12.
• the parking rack 12 has a plurality of parking levels 26. Five parking levels 26 are provided in this case, although the number of these levels could also vary.
• the parking levels 26 comprise an uppermost parking level 28, a lowermost parking level 30 and three intermediate levels 32 in between.
• An access 34 which also serves as an exit, is connected to a parking level 26, in this case to the middle of the three intermediate levels 32.
• the access 34 could alternatively be connected to one of the other parking levels 26.
• the parking rack 12 defines parking spaces 36 at intersections of the parking grid 22 and the parking levels 26. A total of 30 parking spaces 36 are present, but not all of them are used for storing vehicles 14.
• receiving devices 38 are provided, each configured as a parking platform 40 (hereinafter referred to as a pallet), although a different configuration could also be provided.
• the pallet 40 has a longitudinal direction that may coincide with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 14. Relative to a typical entry direction 42 into the parking rack 12, the pallet 40 has a front side 44 and a rear side 46. In the present case, the front side 44 and the front side of the vehicle 14 are arranged at the front of the parking rack 12 during intended use, and the rear side 46 and the rear side of the vehicle 14 are arranged at the rear of the parking rack 12.
• the pallets 40 each comprise a holding element 48 designed as a projection for vertical transport within a parking grid 22 at the corner areas at the front left, front right, rear left and rear right.
• the holding elements 48 will be discussed further below.
• the number of receiving devices 38 is less than the number of parking spaces 36. It is provided that in each intermediate level 32 there is at least one empty space 50 in which no receiving device 38 is positioned at the time in question.
• the empty spaces 50 are positionally variable in the parking rack 12 due to the possible vertical and transverse movements of the pallets 40.
• the pallets 40 are advantageously moved such that the empty spaces 50 are present in the intermediate levels 32 unless a vehicle 14 is being stored or retrieved.
• the number of empty spaces 50 varies. At least one empty space 50 is required. In this case, however, providing exactly one empty space 50 on each intermediate level 32 provides a relatively high storage density while simultaneously minimizing access times to the pallets 40.
• no empty space 50 is provided in the parking level 26 of the access 34 when no vehicle 14 is being moved.
• the parking rack 12 comprises a respective support device 52 at the front and rear of each parking space 36.
• the pallet 40 can be positioned on the support device 52 and carried by it.
• the support devices 52 at the front and rear can be of identical construction.
• the support device 52 is formed by a respective displacement device 54 arranged at a parking space 36.
• a pallet 40 positioned thereon can be displaced horizontally within a parking level 26.
• the displacement direction runs in a transverse direction of the parking facility, transversely and in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the pallet 40.
• the amount of displacement can be freely adjustable, whereby certain displacement ranges can preferably be specified as explained below.
• a respective drive unit 56 of the displacement device 54 can be activated.
• the drive unit 56 is operatively connected to the control device 58 of the parking facility 10 and can be controlled by it.
• the pallets 40 can be moved at each parking space 36 in both directions facing away from each other within the respective parking level 26. This also applies to the end grids 24.
• the displacement device 54 is configured here as a chain conveyor 60.
• Alternative configurations include a belt conveyor, a displacement track, or a roller conveyor.
• the chain conveyor 60 comprises a support 62, which is secured to the cross member 20 via retaining elements 64.
• Sprockets 66 are mounted on the carrier 62.
• a chain 68 is tensioned over the sprockets 66 and can be driven by the drive unit 56.
• the pallet 40 rests on the chain 68 and can thus be moved horizontally.
• the support 62 is pivotally mounted on the support elements 64 in all parking levels 26, with the exception of the lowest parking level 30.
• the pivoting occurs about a pivot axis 70.
• the pivot axis 70 runs horizontally parallel to the extension of the cross members 20.
• the shifting device 54 is designed to assume a supporting position. In the supporting position, the shifting device 54 extends into the cross-section of the parking grid 22 to such an extent that the pallet 40 can be placed on the chain 68 with a respective support element at one end section ( Figure 9).
• the displacement devices 54 are designed such that a contact plane 69 is defined by the respective chain 68 ( Figure 9 ).
• the contact plane 69 is aligned parallel to a support plane 73 of the pallet 40 for the vehicle 14, and in the present case, the contact plane 60 is aligned horizontally. This alignment refers to the assumption of the support position by the displacement device 54.
• the displacement device 54 can be transferred into a release position. To pivot into the release position, the displacement device 54 is pivoted away from the cross-section of the parking grid 22 in the direction of the cross members 20. This increases the free cross-section within the parking grid 22 ( Figure 10 ).
• the pallets 40 can be transported vertically within the parking grid 22 and in particular can be raised and lowered without colliding with the shifting devices 54.
• the transfer of the displacement device 54 from the carrying position to the release position and/or vice versa can, for example, be carried out actively by means of a Figures 8A and 9
• the transfer can be carried out by the drive unit 71 shown, in particular under control by the control device 58.
• a passive transfer can be provided.
• corresponding stop elements can be provided on the displacement device 54 and on the pallets and/or the lifting elements explained below, which become effective during the vertical transport of the pallets 40.
• the parking facility 10 For the vertical transport of pallets 40 within the parking grids 22, the parking facility 10 includes a lifting device 72. In this case, exactly one lifting device 72 is provided, with which pallets 40 can be raised or lowered in all parking grids 22. The lifting device 72 is actuated by the control device 58.
• the present invention reserves the right to allow pallets 40 to be transported vertically simultaneously in different parking grids 22, within the same parking level 32 and/or in different parking levels 32.
• the lifting device 72 comprises a drive unit 74 ( Figures 1 and 12 ).
• the drive unit 74 is mounted, for example, on top of the parking rack 12.
• a drive element in the form of a drive shaft 76 can be driven in rotation by means of the drive unit 74.
• the drive shaft 76 extends horizontally in the transverse direction across the parking grids 22.
• the drive shaft 76 is arranged at the front of the parking rack 12.
• Another drive shaft 78 is arranged at the rear of the parking rack 12.
• the drive shafts 76 and 78 are coupled to each other by means of a synchronizing device 80 of the lifting device 72.
• the synchronizing device 80 comprises, for example, a chain 82 running crosswise in a guide between the drive shafts 76 and 78.
• a coupling shaft with angle gear can be used.
• a plurality of tension elements 84 are each attached to the drive shafts 76 and 78.
• the tension elements 84 are each designed as a revolving chain 86.
• the lifting device 72 For lifting and coupling the pallets 40, the lifting device 72 comprises lifting elements 88.
• a lifting element 88 is arranged on each vertical support 18; for example, on the parking system 10, seven elements are arranged (corresponding to the number of parking grids 22 plus one vertical support 18). This applies both to the front and rear of the parking rack 12.
• the lifting device 72 Since the function of the lifting device 72 is identical at the front and rear, the following discussion will only refer to the lifting elements 88 arranged at the front of the parking rack 12. The same applies to the support devices and shifting devices 54.
• a respective lifting element 88 is fixed to the chain 86 and can thus be raised or lowered upon rotation of the drive shaft 76.
• the lifting elements 88 in the parking system 10, with the exception of the lifting elements 88 on the outermost vertical supports 18, are each assigned to two parking grids 22. Each lifting element 88 can transport pallets 40 positioned in one of the adjacent parking grids 22.
• the lifting element 88 is designed in the form of a slide 90 which can be moved along the vertical support 18 and which engages around the vertical support 18 in a form-fitting manner.
• the lifting element 88 comprises a base plate 92 and two lateral plates 94 secured thereto.
• Guide elements in the form of guide rollers 96 are secured to the lateral plates 94.
• Each lateral plate 94 is provided with two guide rollers 96 for engagement at the front of the vertical support 18 and two guide rollers 96 for engagement at the rear of the vertical support 18.
• Additional guide rollers 98 are arranged on projections 100, which are held on the plates 94.
• the guide rollers 98 rest laterally on the respective vertical support 18.
• a sliding guide can be provided.
• the chain 86 for example, is held on the base plate 92.
• the vertical support 18 forms a guide element corresponding to the guide rollers 96, 98, so that a guide device 102 is provided for each lifting element 88.
• the lifting element 88 can be moved reliably and without jamming on the vertical support 18 via the guide device 102.
• the lifting element 88 projects from the vertical support 18 into the free cross-section of the respective parking grid 22.
• the lifting element 88 comprises a receiving device 104 for receiving at least one pallet 40.
• the receiving device 104 projects from the base plate 92 into the cross section of the parking grid 22.
• the receiving device 104 On the receiving device 104, two receptacles for the holding elements 48 of the pallet 40 are formed, spaced apart in the transverse direction of the parking rack 12.
• the receptacles are designed as support elements 106 that are open upwards and have a centering area 108 that tapers downwards. In plan view, the receiving device 104 therefore has an approximately W-shaped section.
• the support elements 106 are dimensioned such that a respective holding element 48 can rest thereon.
• the centering area 108 aligns the pallet 40 relative to the lifting elements 88. In this way, the pallets 40 can be suspended from the lifting elements 88 in a simple and reliable manner.
• the holding elements 48 encompass the support elements 106 by means of a curved projection 110 ( Figures 8A and 9 ).
• the pallet 40 is suspended with all four holding elements 48 at the front left, front right, rear left and rear right on lifting elements 88.
• the support element 106 facing the pallet 40 is used.
• the other support element 106 remains free ( Figure 4 ). This support element 106 serves for the vertical transport of the pallet 40 of the adjacent parking grid 22.
• the lifting element 88 comprises only one support element 106.
• the pallets 40 are free of driven active elements, both for the coupling with the lifting elements 88 for the vertical movement and for the transverse displacement by means of the chain conveyors 60.
• an energy supply on the respective pallet 40 for such active elements can be saved.
• the pallets 40 can assume a transport position by being moved by means of the displacement device 54 under the control of the control device 58.
• the pallet 40 In a transport position, the pallet 40 is arranged, in particular, centrally in the parking grid 22 such that an axis 112 of the parking grid 22 is aligned with an axis 114 of the pallet 40.
• the pallet 40 In the transport position, the pallet 40 is aligned relative to the lifting elements 88 of the adjacent vertical supports 18 such that the holding elements 48 can be coupled to the support elements 106. This makes it possible to suspend the pallet 40 from the lifting elements 88 for lifting or lowering. When the pallet 40 assumes the transport position, the lifting elements 88, which are assigned to this parking grid 22, cannot be moved past the pallet 40.
• each pallet 40 can be transferred into at least one passing position.
• the transfer to the passing position takes place by transverse displacement within the parking grid 22 by means of the displacement devices 54.
• the pallets 40 can be moved so far within the parking space 36 that the lifting device 72 can be moved past the pallet 40.
• Figure 5 shows this as an example, where the pallet 40 shown on the left in the drawing is shifted to the left as is the pallet 40 shown on the right in the drawing. The latter was shifted in relation to the representation of the Figure 4 shifted to the left.
• each pallet 40 can assume two passing positions. It is possible to perform a displacement in the direction of the two adjacent parking grids 22 using the displacement device 54. In the respective passing position, the pallets 40 protrude in sections into the adjacent parking grid 22.
• the pallets 40 can also be moved in both directions within the end grids 24. When moved outward, the pallets 40 protrude from the end grids 24 in sections.
• the lateral offset between the transport position and a passing position can be, for example, approximately 5 cm to 30 cm, preferably approximately 10 cm to 20 cm.
• the ratio of a displacement path of the pallet 40 from the transport position into the at least one passing position - corresponding to the lateral offset - to a width of the pallet 40 is approximately 0.03 to 0.1.
• a pallet 40 width can be approximately 240cm to 280cm.
• Figure 2 The situation explained above can be illustrated by Figure 2 visible. There are 32 empty spaces arranged one above the other on the two upper intermediate levels.
• the pallets 40 on either side of the empty spaces 50 are shifted outward in a direction away from the parking grid 22 with the empty spaces 50, thereby assuming a passing position. This has the advantage that the lifting elements 88 can be moved freely within these parking levels 26.
• An empty space 50 is also present in the lowest intermediate level 32.
• the pallets 40 located to the side are also shifted outward away from the empty space 50 and assume a passing position, so that a shifting of the lifting elements 88 is also possible here.
• the pallets 40 are positioned in a home position by the control device 58 when no retrieval or storage operation of a vehicle 14 is being performed.
• the home position preferably corresponds to a passing position in order to facilitate the movement of the lifting elements 88 and thereby shorten access times.
• the pallets 40 of the lowest parking level 30 also assume a passing position, so that the lifting elements 88 can be moved up or down past the pallets 40 without the pallets 40 first having to be moved transversely.
• the pallets 40 can then be moved into the Transport position can be moved to the left or right and lifted by means of the lifting elements 88.
• a pallet 40 above the empty spaces 50 occupies the transport position, while the pallets arranged to the side are shifted outward into the passing position. It can also be provided that the pallets 40 can assume a basic position corresponding to the passing position on the top parking level 28.
• the pallets 40 are moved such that the empty spaces 50 are arranged one above the other and are located within the same parking grid 22. This parking grid 22 is then cleared, except for the top and bottom parking levels 28, 30.
• the parking facility 10 comprises a sensor device 140 which is coupled to the control device 58.
• the sensor device 140 By means of the sensor device 140, it is possible to determine the position of a respective pallet 40 in the parking grid 22 ( Figure 8A ), in particular the assumption of the transport position and one of the passing positions.
• the sensor device 140 comprises two sensor elements 142, which in this case are positioned at a distance from one another on the carrier 62 or, for example, on the cross member 20.
• Corresponding projections 144 are arranged at the bottom of the pallet 40.
• the sensor elements 142 are, for example, inductive sensor elements that provide a different signal in the presence or absence of the respective projection 144.
• each sensor element 142 In the transport position of the pallet 40, each sensor element 142 is opposite a projection 144. In the passing position, a sensor element 142 free, and a projection 144 faces the other sensor element 142. Depending on which sensor element 142 delivers a signal, it enables the control device 58 to distinguish between the transport position and the passing positions.
• the pallet 40 rests in the position 36 on the shifting device 54.
• the pallet 40 In order for the pallet 40 to be transported to the access 34 at the middle intermediate level 32, the pallet 40 must first be removed from beneath the vehicle 14. This is done by means of the shifting devices 54 in the middle intermediate level 32 (arrow 116).
• the drive unit 74 is activated.
• the lifting elements 88 can all be moved along the vertical supports 18, since at least below the relevant parking level 26, all pallets 40 assume a passing position.
• the pallet 40 is moved from the passing position to the transport position by means of the shifting device 54, to the right in the drawing (arrow 118).
• the lifting elements 88 are moved from below to the holding elements 48, and the pallet 40 is suspended from the four lifting elements 88 ( Figure 3 ).
• the pallet 40 is slightly lifted with the lifting elements 88. It is advantageous a maximum lifting to the extent necessary to pivot the displacement device 54 from the carrying position into the release position.
• the lifting of the pallet 40 is marked with an arrow 120.
• the vertical transport direction can be reversed and the pallet 40 can be lowered (arrow 122) until it reaches the level of the access 34 and can be placed on the shifting devices 54 there.
• Removing a vehicle 14 from one of the lower parking levels 26 can be done in a similar manner. Any pallets 40 above must be removed from the parking grid 22 by sliding them transversely.
• the pallets 40 assume a passing position.
• the lifting elements are moved beneath the holding elements 48, and the corresponding pallet 40 is moved into the transport position with the vehicle 14.
• Overhead shifting devices 54 are moved into the release position, and the pallet 40 can be lifted with the vehicle 14.
• displacement devices 54 can be returned to a carrying position as standard.
• FIGS 13 to 15 show an advantageous embodiment of the parking facility according to the invention with the reference numeral 130.
• the parking facility 130 features and components identical or with the same effect as in the parking facility 10 are designated with identical reference numerals.
• the advantages achievable with the parking facility 10 can also be achieved with the parking facility 130. Reference is made to the above explanations. Only the essential differences will be discussed.
• an independent lifting device 72 with its own drive unit 74 is provided at each parking grid 22.
• drive shafts 76, 78 and a synchronizing device 80 are also present here.
• each parking grid 22 is assigned four independent lifting elements 88, which are used for the vertical transport of pallets 40 only in this parking grid 22.
• FIGS 14 and 15 illustrate this by way of example, with the lifting elements 88 in this case being arranged on separate vertical supports 18. It could be provided that both lifting elements 88 are arranged so that they can be moved together on a cross member 20.
• Figure 15 shows the pallet 40 on the left in the drawing in the transport position, whereas the pallet 40 on the right in the drawing is in a passing position.
• parking system 130 The advantage of parking system 130 is that vertical transports can be carried out independently in different parking grids 22.
• support devices 52 can be arranged at the front and rear of the parking rack 12, which in both cases are formed by a respective active displacement device 54, or vice versa.
• Figures 9 to 11 illustrate this using the example of Park 10.
• the pallet 40 rests on the chain 68 ( Figure 11 ).
• the chain 68 and the support element 146 form corresponding guide elements of a guide device for the pallet 40 when moving within the parking grid 22 and/or into an adjacent parking grid 22.
• a displacement device 54 forms a support device 52. Both support devices 52 can, in particular, be transferable from the support position to the release position and vice versa.
• FIGS 17 to 19 show support devices 52 that can be used instead of the previously explained support devices 52 in parking facilities 10 or 130. Only the most important differences from the previously explained design will be discussed. For the rest, reference is made to the above explanations.
• Both support devices 52 are formed by sliding devices.
• an active shifting device 54 is arranged at the front of the parking rack 12 and a passive shifting device 54, i.e. at the entrance side of the parking rack 12. Since more dirt usually accumulates in the area of the entrance side than at the front of the parking rack, the dirt ingress into the active shifting device 54 at the front of the parking rack is kept as low as possible in this way. Accordingly, the shifting device 54 is designed according to the Figures 16 , 18 and 19 preferably arranged at the front of the parking rack and the passive shifting device 54 or carrying device 52 according to Figure 17 on the entrance side.
• Both support devices 52 each comprise the carrier 62, wherein the carriers can be designed essentially identically.
• Each carrier 62 is pivotably mounted on the parking rack 12 by means of bearing elements 150 about the pivot axis 70, in this case on the vertical supports 18.
• the drive unit 71 is used for pivoting.
• the passive support device 52 at the rear comprises a plurality of rollers 152.
• the rollers 152 are rotatably mounted on the support 62, laterally adjacent to one another, in the longitudinal extension of the support 62, between adjacent cross members 20.
• the rollers 152 can, for example, be arranged equidistant from one another on the support 62.
• the pallet 40 can rest on the rollers 152 with a rear end section 148 (not shown).
• the contact plane 69 of the rollers 152 can, for example, be aligned parallel to the support plane 73 of the pallet 40.
• the active displacement device 54 at the front is also designed as a chain conveyor 60 with sprockets 66 and a chain 68.
• the drive unit 56 can be controlled by the control device 58.
• the support element 146 is arranged on the pallet 40 at a front end portion 148.
• the support element 146 is inclined relative to the support plane 73 and extends in the transverse direction of the pallet 40.
• the contact plane 69 between the chain 68 and the support element 146 is inclined relative to the support plane 73 and relative to the horizontal.
• the contact plane 69 rises from the front of the parking rack 12 to the rear when the sliding device 54 assumes the support position ( Figure 18 ).
• the rotation axes 160 of the sprockets 66 are aligned obliquely relative to the support plane 73 and obliquely relative to the horizontal.
• the rotation axes 160 rise from the front of the parking rack 12 to the rear ( Figure 18 ).
• guide elements are provided on the pallet 40 and on the displacement device 54, which form a guide device for guiding the pallet 40 when displacing within the parking grid 22 and/or into the adjacent parking grid 22.
• the displacement device 54 comprises a guide track 154 as a guide element, which is designed as a bar along the extension of the carrier 62.
• Guide rollers 156 are arranged on the pallet 40 as guide elements. In this case, several guide rollers 156 are provided, for example, four. The guide rollers 156 are preferably arranged equidistant from one another in the transverse direction of the pallet 40. When moving the pallet 40 into an adjacent parking grid 22, a guide roller can preferably interact with the guide track 154 of the displacement device 54 of the adjacent parking grid 22.
• Rotation axes 158 of the guide rollers 156 are preferably aligned transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the plane of the support element 146 and thus, when resting on the chain 68, transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the contact plane 69 ( Figure 18 ).
• the centering due to the inclination of the contact plane 69 causes the guide rollers 156 to come into contact with the guide track 154 and assume their desired position.
• Figure 19 represents the assumption of the release position by the displacement device 54.
• the pallet 40 is, as explained above, by means of the Figures 18 and 19 not shown lifting elements 88.
• the pallet 40 In the release position, the pallet 40 can be moved up and down on the shifting device 54 and, in a corresponding manner, on the Passive support device 52 taking the release position according to Figure 17 be moved past the entrance side.
• Blocking elements 162 are arranged in each case, facing the respective adjacent parking grid 22.
• the support devices 52 arranged in the end grids 24 comprise at least one blocking element 162 facing the adjacent parking grid 22.
• the blocking element 162 is mechanically coupled to the support 62 and is designed as a rod 164 forming a stop.
• a stop element 166 for the rod 164 is arranged on the parking rack 12 ( Figures 18 and 19 ).
• the rod 164 is pivotable relative to the support 62.
• the rod 164 prevents the pallet 40 from being pushed into the parking grid by serving as a stop for the pallet 40.
• the rod 164 is again pivoted relative to the support 62 into a non-blocking position under the action of the stop element 166. In the non-blocking position, the cross-section for moving the pallet 40 is released so that it can be moved into the adjacent parking grid.
• a blocking element is provided, preferably on the support device, with which insertion of the receiving device into the parking grid can be blocked.

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• 2020
  • 2020-01-30 DE DE102020102244.1A patent/DE102020102244A1/de active Pending
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