EP4092324A1 - Procédé de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, ainsi que programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, ainsi que programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4092324A1
EP4092324A1 EP22171253.2A EP22171253A EP4092324A1 EP 4092324 A1 EP4092324 A1 EP 4092324A1 EP 22171253 A EP22171253 A EP 22171253A EP 4092324 A1 EP4092324 A1 EP 4092324A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
heating device
ionization
signal curve
operating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22171253.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg Tomczak
Jan Heitmann
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4092324A1 publication Critical patent/EP4092324A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/10—Correlation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring the operation of a heating device, a heating device that is set up accordingly, as well as a computer program and a computer-readable medium.
  • the invention is in particular in the field of regulating a combustible gas/air mixture for a combustion process in a heating device, in particular for heating water or heating a building.
  • a heating device in particular for heating water or heating a building.
  • an ionization measurement is carried out in a flame area, particularly in many heaters. Such measurements should enable stable control over long periods of time. If the control fails, in most cases the heater has to be switched off, which of course should happen as seldom as possible.
  • flame monitoring can also be carried out in heaters, the main task of which is to ensure that no fuel gas is supplied after the heater has been started if there is no flame. This prevents the formation of a possibly explosive mixture and the escape of unburned combustible gas. This can be achieved in many different ways.
  • a frequently used electronic flame monitor uses an already existing ignition electrode, which is otherwise not otherwise required after the ignition of a flame, to generate a ionization signal, which in the prior art is not used to control but to monitor the flame.
  • the specially processed ionization signal can not only reliably detect the presence of a flame or its extinguishing, but can also, for example, measure the physical lifting of the flame from the burner due to excessive combustion air supply at an early stage. In the event of flame instability, the system can be switched off at an early stage.
  • control during operation has often been carried out by means of a separate ionization electrode.
  • the respective actual value of the ionization in the flame area is determined, which is proportional to the current ⁇ value so that it can be derived from the ionization measurement.
  • an AC voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, with the flame area ionized when flames are present having a rectifying effect, so that an ionization current mainly flows only during a half-wave of the AC current.
  • This electrical current or a proportional voltage signal derived from it referred to below as the ionization signal, is measured and, if necessary, processed as an ionization signal after digitization in an analog/digital converter.
  • the ⁇ value can be measured and adjusted to a target value by means of a control loop.
  • the supply of air and/or fuel gas is changed by suitable actuators until the desired target value for ⁇ is reached.
  • a ⁇ value > 1.0 (1.0 corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio) is aimed for, e.g. B.
  • a value of ⁇ 1.3 to ensure that enough air is supplied for clean combustion with essentially no generation of carbon monoxide.
  • ⁇ must remain small enough to ensure stable combustion.
  • the regulation can take place in particular via a valve for the supply of fuel gas and/or a blower for the supply of combustion air.
  • the ionization signal has a complex course, that is, for example, it is not constant or linear over a specific operating parameter or control parameter of the heating device.
  • this signal curve can be designed with locally limited minima, plateaus or rising and/or falling edges.
  • the complex signal curve shows the same ionization current in the operating range of the control parameter or at different points.
  • a sudden event can be considered, for example, that a spontaneous blockage of the combustion air supply, for example by placing a leaf on the intake point, causing the control parameter to jump from a local point in the signal curve to another (possibly distant) point in the signal curve, what possibly goes unnoticed if the ionization current is about the same there. There is therefore a requirement to reliably detect such a jump so that regulation is always carried out in the correct range.
  • a method for monitoring the operation of a heating device is to be specified, with which undesirable or risky control situations can be recognized and possibly even eliminated reliably and quickly.
  • Appropriately equipped heaters that work reliably and can be expanded without requiring significant technical effort must also be specified.
  • a method for monitoring the operation of a heating device contributes to this.
  • the monitoring is carried out by means of a measured signal assigned (or assignable) to a flame area of the heater operated with combustion air and fuel gas, with a predefinable signal profile on which an operating point of the heater can be mapped.
  • the predefinable signal curve itself can be adjusted. In this case, it is provided that a different signal curve is set at a predeterminable point in time, resulting in an evaluation position of the operating point.
  • the method serves in particular to monitor or check the regulation of the operation of the heater.
  • the monitoring method is carried out in particular at a point in time when flames are actually present in the flame area, ie the combustion air and combustion gas provided have ignited.
  • the heater can include a measuring system, with a combustion parameter being detected in the flame area, the detection of which results in an (electrical) signal with a predefinable signal profile. This signal is therefore characteristic of the flame area, in particular the combustion that occurs there.
  • the measured signal can lie on a predeterminable signal course, with the currently determined value of the signal being characteristic of the operating point of the combustion or of the heating device.
  • the specifiable waveform can be, for example, by means of the measurement system or the Set the measurement arrangement to be specific to the circuit, so that in particular a signal curve that is characteristic of the combustion and/or the heater can be specified. It is thus possible, for example, for the signal profile to cover the working range via a predeterminable operating parameter, such as the ⁇ value, a fan speed, etc.
  • the signal curve can be characterized by flanks, plateaus, local minima and/or local maxima. If the operating parameter is varied over this working range, the operating point moves along this signal curve, so that a current operating parameter of the heater can be inferred based on a definable flame signal.
  • This signal curve can be (electronically) adapted, in particular by shifting the curve, compressing or expanding the curve. For the regular operation of the heating device, a specifically predetermined signal course is therefore usually predetermined for the control.
  • this electronically preset signal curve is modified or changed at a predetermined point in time or at a point in time that is automatically initiated due to other events, so that the deviating signal curve is not congruent with the ordinarily set, specifiable signal curve.
  • the evaluation position is a (non-real) operating point of the heater, but rather a position that essentially only serves to check the position of the operating point with the ordinary, specifiable signal curve.
  • the alienation or change in the signal curve causes, for example, this operating point to move to other regions of the displayed flame signal, with this change or changed position then being able to be used to draw conclusions about the plausibility or the status of the control.
  • the signal is preferably an ionization signal that can be set via the operating parameters of an ionization electrode, and the setting of the deviating signal profile is caused by a change in the operating parameters.
  • an ionization signal or an ionization current is determined here in the flame area and used as the basis for controlling the combustion of the heater.
  • the operating parameters of the ionization electrode are, for example, the type of AC voltage, the current strength, the frequency, the amplitude, etc. In other words, this means in particular that for the (temporary) modification of the signal curve, one or at least one of these operating parameters is reset and thus to the specified one Point in time when the deviating signal course is reached.
  • at least one operating parameter is an electrical variable of the ionization electrode.
  • the length of the evaluation period must be adapted in particular to the control sensitivity or measurement sensitivity of the heater or measurement system. This means that the operation or the control can be checked very quickly or for a short time and the usual control can be quickly resumed. In this respect, a relatively frequent check of the current situation can also be carried out without adversely affecting the proper operation of the combustion of the heater.
  • the supply of combustion air and fuel gas is maintained (constant or unchanged) while the deviating signal curve is present.
  • an instruction for further operation of the heating device to be generated or stored from the second evaluation position.
  • the newly set, deviating signal curve has such a contour that the operating point, based on its position on the (ordinary) specified signal curve, is brought into an evaluation position that allows a clear evaluation of the current combustion or the current operation of the heater allows.
  • a clear command or status report or a comparable instruction can also be provided on the basis of this clear, electronically generated evaluation position.
  • This instruction can be (tacitly) stored, but it is also possible that corresponding instructions are transmitted to other systems and/or even made available to the user of the heater.
  • the operation of the heating device is stopped if the evaluation position generated is outside a predetermined operating zone.
  • imaginary operating zones it is possible for imaginary operating zones to be created by setting the deviating signal profile, which in particular signal risky operating states of the heater. If an operating point is in such a risky area, the relocation of the real operating point to the imaginary evaluation position leads to a relocation of an operating zone that is identified as critical. In this respect, an emergency operation and/or an emergency stop can be initiated automatically depending on this position of the generated evaluation position.
  • a heating device having at least one ionization electrode and means that are suitable for carrying out the steps of the method proposed here.
  • these means can include a microcontroller that is able to set and/or evaluate the signals or signal curves.
  • means are provided which allow the operating parameters of an electrical quantity of the ionization electrode to be set.
  • a computer program is specified, which comprises instructions which cause the heating device to carry out the steps of the proposed method in the manner proposed here.
  • a computer program can be stored on a computer-readable medium, for example a computer.
  • FIG. 1 1 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a device with a heating device 1.
  • a flame region 2 forms in the heating device 1 for the combustion of a fuel gas with air.
  • the combustion air 3 enters the heater 1 via an air supply and a fan 22.
  • Combustion gas 4 is introduced into the combustion air 3 via a Fuel gas valve 23 added.
  • An ignition electrode 20 ignites the mixture at the start of the combustion process and is then used as part of a flame monitor 19, for example. It is possible to use an ionization electrode 9 to measure an ionization signal in the flame area 2 which can be used to regulate the lambda ( ⁇ ) value when the heater 1 is in operation.
  • a control unit 18, which controls the fan 22 and/or the fuel gas valve 23 accordingly, is then used for this purpose.
  • a flame monitor 19 ensures that fuel gas 4 is only supplied when a stable flame is detected.
  • a further ionization electrode 9 (usually the ignition electrode 20 can be used for this purpose) is used in order to generate a further ionization signal whose electronic processing is specially designed for the task of flame monitoring 19.
  • an AC voltage source 14 is specially designed for this purpose.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically an embodiment of a circuit as it can be used for the flame monitor 19.
  • An AC voltage source 14 with a high output resistance 27 initially supplies an AC voltage, essentially without a DC component, to the ignition electrode 20 and the counter-electrode (torch 21, ground).
  • the voltage between the rectifier effect of the flame shown as a diode in the equivalent circuit diagram
  • an AC voltage with a negative DC voltage component is present at the input of evaluation electronics 29 in the evaluation electronics 29 to the desired ionization signal and can be converted in an analog/digital converter 30 and then further processed.
  • This entire arrangement forms a preferred detector for flame monitoring 19, which then provides an ionization signal when a flame is present, the ionization signal also having a typical course, from which, for example, the incipient physical lifting of the flames from gas outlet openings can be recognized, so that a switch-off can also take place at the beginning of instability due to excessive gas velocities and/or excessive ⁇ values.
  • an AC voltage source which has an AC voltage pulse generator 24 , a microcontroller 25 and an adjuster 26 .
  • This construction results in a cost-effective and space-saving AC voltage source 14 in which an effective amplitude can be set in accordance with the desired sensitivity of the detector.
  • an effective amplitude does not have the form of a typical, approximately sinusoidal AC voltage, it leads to the same ionization signals as a sinusoidal AC voltage with this amplitude during further processing.
  • the provision of such an AC voltage source also allows (briefly) to generate and provide deviating signal curves 7 for this ionization signal.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a possible embodiment of the method, the usual regulation of the operation of the heating device 1 being illustrated here on the left.
  • the setting on the AC voltage source 14 can be changed in such a way that a checking measurement 15 is carried out. While previously the operation of the heater 1 was monitored by means of the flame monitor 19 and a signal (in particular an ionization signal) measured in the flame area 2 with a predetermined, ordinary signal curve 5, a different signal curve 7 is now set at this point in time.
  • This deviating signal curve 7 is retained during the checking measurement 15 until a further point in time (here marked t 2 ) the AC voltage source 14 is reset again, namely in such a way that it again reaches the predetermined, ordinary signal curve 5 .
  • the settings for the blower 22 and the fuel gas valve 23 were not changed.
  • the (imaginary) image with the generated Evaluation position 8 of the operating point 6 with the deviating signal curve 7 can be subjected to an evaluation process 16, and based on this evaluation or evaluation it is then possible to determine as a result of this checking routine 13 whether to return (to the left) to ordinary, regular operation of the heater is jumped back or (alternatively) an emergency operation situation is set on the right, in which, for example, a decision is made about a stop 17 with regard to the operation of the heater 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a signal curve in the ordinary operation of the heater 1, ie the predefinable signal curve 5, with the real operating point 6 of the heater 1, based on which the control takes place (shown here as a solid line).
  • the ordinate can, for example, depict the signal 11, in particular the ionization signal.
  • a relevant operating variable 12 of the heater 1 can be shown on the abscissa, for example a fan running number, a ⁇ value, etc.
  • the predefinable signal curve 5 characterizes or spans the usual operating range of this operating variable 12. In the present case it runs from left to right an initially steep slope, a local minimum, a somewhat longer intermediate plateau, a local minimum and a steep rising slope.
  • the real operating point 6 could be in the area of the right local minimum (see item 6.2). However, it is possible, for example, that due to a short-term malfunction or a short-term interruption of the combustion air, the operating point suddenly jumps to the other side on the left, namely to an edge of the local minimum (see sect. 6.1). If the system does not recognize this sudden change in direction, it will be controlled in the wrong area, which can lead to considerable difficulties.
  • a predetermined operating zone 10 is set up with regard to the deviating signal profile 7, which is specified up to a maximum value of the signal, for example. If, as a result of the transformation of the signal curve from the predeterminable signal curve 5 to the deviating signal curve 7 and the associated shift of the operating point 6 to the evaluation position 8, it is recognized that the evaluation position 8 is outside of this operating zone 10, this can be used, for example, to Stop or automatically set an emergency mode.
  • the characteristic curve shown or the signal curve 5.7 selected there with the two local minima adjacent to the steep flanks in the edge area can result in a (rare) misinterpretation of a specific value of the signal on the one hand, but the brief task of an interference signal or a signal modification nevertheless offers simple ways to implement a software-driven evaluation of the control situation.
  • the parameters are preferably selected in such a way that a similar behavior occurs, in particular with regard to the signal curve 5.7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP22171253.2A 2021-05-21 2022-05-03 Procédé de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, ainsi que programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur Pending EP4092324A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021113220.7A DE102021113220A1 (de) 2021-05-21 2021-05-21 Verfahren zur Überwachung des Betriebes eines Heizgerätes, Heizgerät sowie Computerprogramm und computerlesbares Medium

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP4092324A1 true EP4092324A1 (fr) 2022-11-23

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EP22171253.2A Pending EP4092324A1 (fr) 2021-05-21 2022-05-03 Procédé de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, ainsi que programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur

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EP (1) EP4092324A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021113220A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018120377A1 (de) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln eines gebläsebetriebenen Gasbrenners
EP3690318A2 (fr) 2019-01-29 2020-08-05 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'un mélange air-gaz de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10025769A1 (de) 2000-05-12 2001-11-15 Siemens Building Tech Ag Regeleinrichtung für einen Brenner
DE102018118288A1 (de) 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung einer Brennerflamme eines Heizgerätebrenners
DE102019110976A1 (de) 2019-04-29 2020-10-29 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Überprüfung eines Gasgemischsensors und Ionisationssensors bei einem brenngasbetriebenen Heizgerät

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018120377A1 (de) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln eines gebläsebetriebenen Gasbrenners
EP3690318A2 (fr) 2019-01-29 2020-08-05 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'un mélange air-gaz de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage

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