EP4075061A1 - Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4075061A1
EP4075061A1 EP22162975.1A EP22162975A EP4075061A1 EP 4075061 A1 EP4075061 A1 EP 4075061A1 EP 22162975 A EP22162975 A EP 22162975A EP 4075061 A1 EP4075061 A1 EP 4075061A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
relief valve
fan
pressure
pressure relief
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22162975.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4075061B1 (fr
EP4075061C0 (fr
Inventor
Michael Paul
Klaus Richter
Jochen Grabe
Ulrich Demandewicz
Matthias Hopf
Andreas Reinert
Thomas Badenhop
Bodo Oerder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4075061A1 publication Critical patent/EP4075061A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4075061B1 publication Critical patent/EP4075061B1/fr
Publication of EP4075061C0 publication Critical patent/EP4075061C0/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F23D14/825—Preventing flashback or blowback using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
    • F23K2203/102—Flashback safety, e.g. inertizing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for reducing the consequences of a flashback in a burner that is operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air (premix burner), in particular for a heating device.
  • Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming more and more important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing heating devices for operation with it. It is not only a question of large systems, but also of wall-mounted units for heating water and, in general, heaters for heating buildings and/or providing hot water. Burners for such purposes often have a burner body made of perforated sheet metal and can be designed as so-called flat or cylinder burners. Round holes are mostly used, but oblong slits and other shapes of the holes are also possible. The dimensioning of the holes and their number/area unit and arrangement has an influence on the flame stability during combustion in a combustion chamber and on combustion hygiene (completeness of combustion and production of pollutants).
  • the mixture path in heaters has mainly been optimized with regard to the supply of mixture to the burner in order to keep the energy required for the supply (and thus the power of the fan) low.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • constructive measures should be taken on and/or in the mixture path, which reduce the consequences of a flashback and thus help to avoid damage to components in the mixture path and/or fan.
  • An arrangement contributes to reducing the consequences of a flashback of a flame into a mixture path of a premix burner in a heating device which can be operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air, with a pressure relief valve being arranged in the mixture path between a burner body and a fan, which (dimensioned and) adjusted so that it is (always) closed during normal operation of the premix burner.
  • the pressure relief valve has little effect on normal operation, but opens in the event of excess pressure due to a pressure wave that can be triggered by a flashback.
  • the pressure relief valve is preferably arranged and/or designed in such a way that it can be hit directly by a pressure wave triggered by a flashback and (thus automatically) opened.
  • direct means in particular that there are no deflections or built-in components between the point of origin of a pressure wave (torch body) and the pressure relief valve.
  • the pressure relief valve is (directly) opposite an inlet of the mixture path into the burner body, as a result of which it is hit frontally by a pressure wave emanating from the burner body and can respond very quickly. A subsequent flame front can then run through the open pressure relief valve.
  • the pressure relief valve may open to a downstream drain area that is either fire and pressure resistant or pressure-equalizing. It is possible that the outlet area is at least partially fireproof, pressure-resistant and pressure-equalizing.
  • the run-out area will generally not be directly in the open environment, but a closed and/or protected area in which there are no combustible materials or materials that can be changed by the high temperatures that are to be expected. The larger the volume of the compensation area, the faster the pressure is reduced.
  • the pressure reduction can be supported by suitable built-in components, in particular metallic screens, perforated plates, offset walls and the like. These also lead to a rapid reduction in gas temperature.
  • the mixture path has a branch at which the mixture from the fan can flow in laterally from a fan branch, but an opposing pressure wave essentially or predominantly (only) reaches the pressure relief valve.
  • a branching which in terms of flow technology generates only small losses in normal operation, has completely different properties for a returning pressure wave than for the normal flow of the mixture.
  • the effect of the pressure wave on the pressure relief valve can be increased and its response can be accelerated.
  • a subsequent flame front can also be guided past the fan branch.
  • the branching itself and/or the fan branch are shaped in such a way that a pressure wave can run from the burner body essentially or predominantly past the fan branch to the pressure relief valve.
  • a junction angle of the blower branch that is suitably selected for the respective space conditions can contribute to this.
  • a narrowing of the fan branch in the vicinity of the branch also increases the speed of the mixture prevailing there during normal operation, which reduces the probability of the mixture in the fan branch igniting when a flame front passes by.
  • Opening the overpressure valve can therefore practically always end combustion in the mixture path. Since temporarily no combustible mixture (but only combustion gases) flows to the burner, even if the pressure relief valve closes again, the flame in the combustion chamber usually goes out, which can be detected by a flame monitor and leads to the fuel supply being switched off if the flame has not already flashed back detected in another way.
  • the heater 1 shows schematically parts of a heating device 1, in particular a condensing device, which can be operated in particular with hydrogen or a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
  • the heater 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a Housing 10, in which a flame 13 burns during operation, the heat of which is dissipated by a heat exchanger 12.
  • the flame 13 is generated by a premix burner 16 which is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and has a burner body 3 with holes 4 (or other shaped openings, e.g. slots).
  • a mixture of air and fuel gas is supplied to the burner body 3 through an inlet 11 .
  • the inlet 11 is often designed as a kind of door in the housing 10 in which the burner body 3 is fixed.
  • the mixture is guided to the burner body 3 by a fan 7 via a mixture path 5 .
  • the fan is usually attached to a fan flange 9 with a fan outlet 8 .
  • a mixture flow 14 (indicated by light arrows) results through the mixture path 5 from the fan 7 to the burner body 3.
  • the entire mixture contained in the burner body 3 ignites practically explosively and initially generates a pressure wave opposing the mixture flow 14 (the Direction 15 is indicated by dark arrows) followed by a flame front, which would run through the entire mixture path 5 without countermeasures and then also reach the blower 7 and could possibly damage it by increasing the pressure and/or temperature.
  • the mixture path 5 is specially designed with a branch 18 at which a fan branch 19 opens into an essentially straight connection between the inlet 11 and an overpressure valve 6 .
  • the overpressure valve 6 can be opened by a pressure wave to a fireproof and pressure-absorbing or equalizing outlet area 17. The opening takes place so quickly and for so long that the subsequent flame front runs out and the flame goes out (and thus also the flame 13 in the combustion chamber 2 ).
  • a special design of the branch 18 can ensure that the pressure wave practically does not reach the fan branch 19 and damage components or the fan 7 that are present there.
  • a flame front following the pressure wave does not ignite the mixture in fan branch 19 (at least the flames in burner body 3 and the previously traversed part of the mixture path 5 generated heat not to the fan 7), especially if the fan branch 19 is designed appropriately. This can be achieved by a narrowing in the vicinity of the branch 18 and/or by a suitable confluence angle.
  • the exact embodiment of the outlet area 17 depends on various boundary conditions. In any case, the run-out area 17 must be located in such a way that there is no danger to property or people in the vicinity. It must be refractory and can ensure rapid pressure reduction through the size of its volume (with a closed outlet area 17) and/or through suitable pressure-reducing means (perforated plates, sieves, labyrinth structures, etc.).
  • a large surface area and thermal conductivity (with a high heat capacity at the same time) in the outlet area 17 also contribute to this, which can quickly equalize the high temperatures of the inflowing gas and thus reduce the volume of the gas.
  • a pressure equalization to the environment can also be provided with a closed outlet area 17 .
  • the primary effect of the pressure relief valve 6 is that a pressure wave triggered by a flashback cannot cause any damage to the fan 7 . In general, however, it also means that flames in mixture path 5 are extinguished and combustion cannot continue there until the fuel gas supply is switched off.
  • the present invention makes it possible, with simple and robust means, to significantly reduce the consequences of a flashback and, in particular, to protect a blower 7 from it and to achieve rapid extinguishing of the flames 13 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP22162975.1A 2021-04-01 2022-03-18 Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage Active EP4075061B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021108383.4A DE102021108383A1 (de) 2021-04-01 2021-04-01 Anordnung zur Verminderung der Folgen eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner eines Heizgerätes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4075061A1 true EP4075061A1 (fr) 2022-10-19
EP4075061B1 EP4075061B1 (fr) 2023-10-25
EP4075061C0 EP4075061C0 (fr) 2023-10-25

Family

ID=80820074

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22162975.1A Active EP4075061B1 (fr) 2021-04-01 2022-03-18 Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4075061B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021108383A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1238412B (de) * 1963-03-19 1967-04-13 Witt Paul Fa Sicherheitseinrichtung zur Verhuetung von Gasgemischbildungen und zum Aufhalten von Explosionen in Brenngasleitungen
DE102019101329A1 (de) * 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1238412B (de) * 1963-03-19 1967-04-13 Witt Paul Fa Sicherheitseinrichtung zur Verhuetung von Gasgemischbildungen und zum Aufhalten von Explosionen in Brenngasleitungen
DE102019101329A1 (de) * 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DITARANTO M ET AL: "Combustion instabilities in sudden expansion oxy-fuel flames", COMBUSTION AND FLAME, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC., NEW YORK, NY.; US, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 146, no. 3, 1 August 2006 (2006-08-01), pages 493 - 512, XP027878623, ISSN: 0010-2180, [retrieved on 20060801] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102021108383A1 (de) 2022-10-06
EP4075061B1 (fr) 2023-10-25
EP4075061C0 (fr) 2023-10-25

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